BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 1

Burton, C.M. In the Footsteps of Cadillac. Detroit, MI: Wolverine Printing Company, 1899.

———. A Sketch of the Life of Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, Founder of Detroit. Detroit, MI: Wilton-Smith, 1895.

Craighead, Erwin. Mobile: Fact and Tradition. Mobile, AL: Powers Printing Company, 1930.

Dawson, Joseph, III, ed. The Louisiana Governors: From Iberville to Edwards. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990.

Delaney, Caldwell, and Clark S. Whistler. Remember Mobile. Mobile, AL: Haunted Book Shop, 1980.

Giraud, Marcel. A History of French Louisiana: The Reign of Louis XIV, 1698–1715. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1974.

Higginbotham, Jay. Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702–1711. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.

Laut, Agnes C. Cadillac, Knight Errant of the Wilderness, Founder of Detroit, Governor of Louisiana from the Great Lakes to the Gulf. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1931.

Reeves, Miriam. The Governors of Louisiana. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Company, 1972.

Wilds, John, Charles L. Dufour and Walter G. Cowan. Louisiana Yesterday and Today: A Historical Guide to the State. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.

Zoltvany, Yves F. “LAUMET, de Lamothe Cadillac, ANTOINE.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 2. University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laumet_antoine_2E.html.

CHAPTER 2

Coley, C.J. “Creek Treaties, 1790–1832.” Alabama Review, 1958.

Griffith, Benjamin, Jr. McIntosh and Weatherford: Creek Indian Leaders. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988.

Halbert, Henry S., and T.H. Ball. The Creek War of 1813 and 1814. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1895.

Hall, Arthur H. “The Red Stick War.” Chronicles of Oklahoma 12, no. 3 (September 1934).

Mobile Daily Register. “An Old Man Tells His Tale Of Long Ago.” September 28, 1884.

Parker, Prescott Alphonso. Story of the Tensaw: Blakely, Spanish Fort, Jackson Oaks, Fort Mims. Montrose, AL: P.A. Parker, 1922.

Pickett, Albert James. History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi from the Earliest Period. Charleston, SC: Walker and James, 1851.

Thompson, Lynn Hastie. William Weatherford: His Country and His People. Bay Minette, AL: Lavender Publishing Company, 1991.

Waselkov, Gregory A. A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006.

CHAPTER 3

Albany Evening Journal. “Wrong Man Hung [sic].” August 23, 1847.

Boyington, Charles. A Statement of the Trial of Charles R.S. Boyington, Who Was Indicted and Executed for the Murder of Nathaniel Frost. Mobile, AL: Mobile Mercantile Advertiser. 1835.

Craighead, Erwin. From Mobile’s Past: Sketches of Memorable People and Events. Mobile, AL: Powers Printing Company, 1925.

Delchamps, J.J. Letter to the editor. Mobile Register. August 9, 1870.

Diard, François Ludgére. The Tree: Being the Strange Case of Charles R.S. Boyington. Mobile, AL: Gill Printing Company, 1949.

Garrett, Ephraim S. “Remember Boyington! Mobile’s Amazing Mystery.” True Detective Mysteries, April 1934.

Hamilton, William T. The Last Hours of Charles R.S. Boyington: Who Was Executed at Mobile, Alabama, for the Murder of Nathaniel Frost. Perpetrated May 10, 1834. Mobile, AL: Commercial Register Office, 1835.

Johnson, Alvin. “Tree Growing Through Grave ‘Proving’ Innocence of Charles Boyington.” Unknown newspaper and date, on file at in the Charles Boyington file at the Mobile Public Library.

“Man Hanged Long Ago in Mobile.” August 30, 1936. Unknown newspaper, on file at the Mobile History Museum.

Mobile County Circuit Court minute book, November 3, 1834.

Mobile Daily Commercial Register and Patriot. “Arrest of Boyington.” May 15, 1834.

———. “Commitment of Boyington.” May 17, 1834.

———. “Execution.” February 21, 1835.

———. “Murder.” May 12, 1834.

———. “Murder!!! 500 Dollars Reward!” May 13, 1834.

———. “Obituary. The Late Nathaniel Frost.” May 14, 1834.

———. “Verdict.” November 22, 1834

Mobile Daily Register. “Reminiscences of Mobile.” July 6, 1879.

Mobile Mercantile Advertiser. “Shocking Murder.” May 12, 1834.

Poore, Ralph. “Boyington Oak a Local Legend.” Mobile Press, May 1, 1989.

Porter, Benjamin F. “Reminiscences of Benjamin F. Porter.” Unpublished memoir on file at Mobile History Museum, n.d.

———. Reports of Cases at Law and in Equity Argued and Adjudged in the Supreme Court of Alabama. Vol. 2. Tuscaloosa, AL: Marmaduke J. Slade, 1836.

Pruitt, Paul M., Jr., and Robert Bond Higgins. “Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Mobile: The Long Story of Charles R.S. Boyington.” Gulf Coast Historical Review 11, no. 2 (Spring 1996).

CHAPTER 4

Alabama Planter. Untitled article. April 1, 1849.

Beverly, Frances. Copeland’s Hide Out. Historical collection of the Works Progress Administration.

Dana, David. The Fireman: The Fire Departments of the United States, with a Full Account of All Large Fires, Statistics of Losses on Expenses, Theatres Destroyed by Fire and Accidents, Anecdotes and Incidents. Boston: French and Company, 1858.

Mobile Daily Register. “City Court.” February 25, 1859.

———. “City Court.” March 4, 1858.

———. “The State vs. Pitts.” March 5, 1859.

Penick, James. “James Copeland and Sheriff Pitts: A Gulf Coast Legend.” Gulf Coast Historical Review 2, no. 2 (Spring 1987).

Pitts, J.R.S. Life and Confession of the Noted Outlaw James Copeland. 1909. Reprint, Hattiesburg: University Press of Mississippi, 1980.

Russell, Carrie. “Outlaw Days.” Historical Research Project No. 2983. Unpublished project on file at the Mobile History Museum, 1936.

Sledge, John. The Pillared City: Greek Revival Mobile. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009.

———. “Port City Street Cred.” Mobile Bay Monthly, February 2012.

Stovall, William H. Strange Stories Behind Pension Claims. Philadelphia: Dorrance & Company Inc., 1935.

CHAPTER 5

Chernin, Eli. “Josiah Clark Nott, Insects and Yellow Fever.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, November 1983.

Craighead, Erwin. Mobile Fact and Tradition: Noteworthy People and Events. Mobile, AL: Powers Printing Company, 1930.

De Gobineau, A., and Nott, J.C. The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1856.

East, Cammie. “Mobile’s Dr. Nott Is Not Forgotten.” Mobile Register, May 30, 1976.

Flower, Frank A. History of the Republican Party: Embracing Its Origin, Growth and Mission. Springfield, IL: Union Publishing Company, 1884.

Horseman, Reginald. Josiah Nott of Mobile: Southerner, Physician and Racial Theorist. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.

The Nationalist. “The School at Medical College.” February 15, 1866.

Nott, Josiah. “Life Insurance at the South.” Commercial Review of the South and West 3, no. 5 (May 1847).

———. Two Lectures on the Connection Between the Biblical and Physical History of Man. New York: Bartlett and Welford, 1849.

Wade, Richard C. Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

CHAPTER 6

Alabama Department of History and Archives. “Alabama Civil War Service Database.” http://archives.state.al.us/civilwar/search.cfm.

Cain, Joe. “Myths and Mardi Gras in Mobile—The Mother of Mystics.” Unknown newspaper, on file at the Mobile History Museum, n.d.

Craighead, Erwin. Mobile Fact and Tradition. Mobile, AL: Powers Printing Company, 1930.

Daugherty, Frank. “Keep at It, Judy, at It.” Azalea City News & Review. February 26, 1981.

Dean, Wayne. “Symbols of the Old South in Mobile’s Mardi Gras.” Mobile Bay Monthly, February 1989.

Higginbotham, Jay. Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702–1711. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.

Hoffman, Roy. “Raising Cains.” Mobile Register, February 6, 2005.

Joynt, Steve. “Changing His Story.” Mobile Mask, 2015.

Kent, Mark. “Joe Cain Is the Immortal Spirit of Mardi Gras.” Mobile Register, February 12, 1994.

Laborde, Errol “The Men Who Made Mardi Gras.” New Orleans Magazine, February 2002.

McDonnell, Harry. “Joe Cain to Rest Again in City He Made Happier.” Mobile Press Register. December 25, 1966.

Mobile County News. “Joe Cain at Home.” January 26, 1967.

Mobile Daily Register. “Mardi-Gras, First Celebration by the O.O.M.” February 26, 1868.

———. “The No. 8 Horses.” February 26, 1868.

Mobile Register. “Death of Joseph S. Cain.” April 19, 1904.

Potts, Charlie. “Slacabamarinico Lives.” Azalea City News & Review. February 26, 1981.

Rayford, Julian. “Centennial for Bayou’s Joe Cain.” Mobile County News, February 10, 1966.

———. Chasin’ the Devil Round a Stump. Mobile, AL: American Print Company, 1962.

Roberts, L. Craig. Mardi Gras in Mobile. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2015.

CHAPTER 7

Alabama Lawyers Association. “Judge Roderick B. Thomas, Alabama’s First Black Judge.” http://www.ala-lawyers.org/judge-roderick-b-thomas.

Amos, Harriet E. “Trials of a Unionist: Gustavus Horton, Military Mayor of Mobile During Reconstruction.” Gulf Coast Historical Review 4, no. 2 (Spring 1989).

Brent, Joseph E. “No Compromise: The End of Presidential Reconstruction in Mobile, Alabama, January–May 1867.” Gulf Coast Historical Review 7, no. 1 (Fall 1991).

Burnett, Lonnie A. The Pen Makes a Good Sword: John Forsyth of the Mobile Register. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006.

Fitzgerald, Michael. Urban Emancipation: Popular Politics in Reconstruction Mobile, 1860–1890. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002.

Mobile Advertiser “The Civil Rights Bill in Mobile—Examination of the Mayor.” August 13, 1867

Mobile Daily Register. “Judge Kelley And Col. Mann.” May 20, 1888.

Mobile Daily Times. “The Kelley Disturbance.” 1867.

Mobile Sunday Times (reprinted from the Omaha Herald). “The Alabamians Are Coming.” 1868.

Nationalist. “The Attitude of the North Toward the South.” February 15, 1866.

———. “The Jury Question.” November 7, 1867.

———. “Northern Man in the South.” February 15, 1866.

New York Times. “The Bread Riot in Mobile; Two Outbreaks in One Day. Arrivals in the City.” May 28, 1867. Reprinted from the September 21 New Orleans Era.

———. “The Case of Mayor Horton, of Mobile.” December 27, 1867.

———. “The Civil Rights Case in Mobile.” April 8, 1867.

———. “THE FREEDMEN: Further Details from Major-Gen. Howard’s Reports Operations and Results in the Different States.” December 25, 1865.

———. “The Mayor of Mobile Arrested for Violation of the Civil Rights Bill.” August 10, 1867.

———. “Preservation of the Public Peach in the Third Military District—Order from Gen. Pope.” June 4, 1867.

———. “The Recent Changes in Municipal Officers—Protest of the Ex-Mayor—Gen. Swayne’s Report Upon the Riot—Result of the Coroner’s Inquest.” May 28, 1867.

———. “The Riot at Mobile.” May 16, 1867.

———. “Terrible Calamity at Mobile.” May 30, 1865.

Schurz, Carl. Report on the Condition of the South. Report to the Thirty-ninth Congress, 1865.

CHAPTER 8

American Banner. “A Colored Boy in Trouble.” October 19, 1901.

———. “Notes and Personals.” October 19, 1901.

———. “Our Trip to Daphne.” October 19, 1901.

Crosby, Samuel. The Sleeping Juror & Other Baldwin County Courtroom Tales & History. Montgomery, AL: Law Foundation, 2002.

Crowder, Joan White. Tell It to an Old Hollow Log: Growing UP in Daphne, Alabama. Bay Minette, AL: Lavender Publishing, 2000.

Fairhope Courier. “Fairhope Is Shocked by Terrible Tragedy.” August 25, 1932.

Gould, Elizabeth Barrett. From Fort to Port: An Architectural History of Mobile, Alabama, 1711–1918. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988.

Hellmann, Paul T. Historical Gazetteer of the United States. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Kirby, Brendan. “Probate Judge’s Participation in Courthouse ‘Theft’ Disputed.” Mobile Register, July 27, 2001.

Mobile County website. “Mobile Government Plaza History of Mobile County Courthouses.” http://www.mobilecountyal.gov/government/govt_plaza_courthouse.html.

Mobile News Item. “Lively Times at Daphne.” October 13, 1901.

Mobile Press-Register. “Bay Minette ‘Swiped’ Seat of Baldwin County in 1901.” September 20, 1946.

Nuzum, Kay. A History of Baldwin County. Bay Minette, AL: Baldwin Times, 1971.

Owen, Thomas McAdory. History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1921.

Partin, Charles. “The 1901 Removal of Baldwin County Seat Revisited.” Historical and Genealogical Quarterly 3, nos. 1–4 (1991–92).

Scott, Florence Dolive Scott. Daphne: A History of Its People as Some Saw It and Others Remember It. Mobile, AL: Jordan Printing Company, Inc., 1965.

Southern Reporter 33, containing all the decisions of the Supreme Courts of Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Mississippi. December 20, 1902–April 25, 1903. Hand et al v. Stapleton et al.

Southern Reporter 37, containing all the decisions of the Supreme Courts of Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Mississippi. July 30, 1904–March 25, 1905. Hand et al v. Stapleton et al.

Southern Reporter 39, containing all the decisions of the Supreme Courts of Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Mississippi. September 2, 1905–March 10, 1906. Hand et al v. Stapleton et al.

CHAPTER 9

Alsobrook, David E. Alabama’s Port City: Mobile During the Progressive Era, 1896–1917. PhD diss., Auburn University, 1983.

Chamberlain, Bart B., to Governor Thomas Kilby, June 16, 1919. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Drago, John, to Governor B.B. Comer, April 13, 1908, and November 7, 1908. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Flynt, Wayne. Alabama in the Twentieth Century. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004.

Hamburger, Max, to J.H. Nunnelee, November 20, 1908. Comer Papers. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Hamilton, Peter J., to Governor B.B. Comer, January 21, 1907. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Hamilton, Virginia Van der Veer. Hugo Black: The Alabama Years. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972.

Higginbotham, Jay. Mobile! City by the Bay. Mobile, AL: Azalea City Printers, 1968. Hodges, Sam. “Teflon Tycoon.” Mobile Register, December 19, 2001.

Holcombe, William H., to Governor Thomas Kilby, July 18, 1919. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Inge, Mrs. H.T., to Governor B.B. Comer, January 27, 1907. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Lee, Lawrence H. Report of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Alabama During the November Term, 1908–1909. Montgomery, AL: Brown Printing Company, 1910.

Lyons, A.S., to Governor B.B. Comer, September 21, 1907. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Mitchell, H.H., to Governor B.B. Comer, May 10, 1908. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Mobile Daily Herald. “Local Self-Government.” March 1908.

Mobile Register. “Deputy Tells of Raids on Shinny Makers by Force.” December 5, 1920.

———. “McLaurin, Deputy Slayer, Faces Trial Before Great Judge.” May 16, 1921.

———. “McLaurin Guarded as Warrant Served.” March 10, 1921.

———. “Mobile Waits as Rumors of Sensation Grow.” November 15, 1923.

———. “U.S. Men Swoop Down on Liquor Traffic Here.” November 12, 1923.

———. “U.S. Men Unfold Evidence in Liquor Probe.” April 14, 1924.

———. “Young M’Laurin Gives Statement in Shooting Case.” March 5, 1921.

New York Times. “Live Wire, Flares and Guns Guard Mobile Liquor Cache.” November 19, 1923.

Sellers, James Benson. The Prohibition Movement in Alabama, 1702–1943. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1943.

Thompson, William W., to Governor B.B. Comer, January 21, 1907. On file at the Mobile History Museum.

Webb, Samuel L. “The Great Mobile Whiskey War.” Alabama Heritage, Spring 2005.

CHAPTER 10

Craighead, Erwin. Mobile Fact and Tradition, Noteworthy People and Events. Mobile, AL: Powers Printing Company, 1930.

Fairhope Courier. “Fairhope Is Shocked By Terrible Tragedy.” August 25, 1932.

Gormley, Bill. “Dyson Acquitted in Slaying.” Mobile Times, November 14, 1932.

———. “Dyson Case to Reach Jury Late in Day.” Mobile Times, November 14, 1932.

———. “Dyson Testifies for Brother.” Mobile Times, November 11, 1932.

———. “Testimony Is Ended in Dyson Murder Trial.” Mobile Sunday Times, November 13, 1932.

Green, Matt. Interview with the author. January 2015.

Historic Hotels of America. “Battle House Renaissance Mobile Hotel & Spa.” http://www.historichotels.org/hotels-resorts/battle-house-renaissance-mobile-hotel-and-spa/history.php.

Jumper, Kathy “RSA Project Has Foot in Two Centuries.” Mobile Register, April 29, 2007.

MacPhail, Rhodes. “Jury Expected to Get Dyson Case Late Monday.” Mobile Press Register, November 13, 1932.

———. “Raymond Dyson Is Acquitted of Slaying Butler.” Mobile Register, November 15, 1932.

———. “Raymond Dyson Takes Stand Today in Defense.” Mobile Register, November 12 1932.

———. “Spectators Ponder Query on ‘Innocence or Guilt’ as Dyson Case Continues.” Mobile Register, November 14, 1932.

———. “State Is Nearing End of Evidence in Trial of Dyson.” Mobile Register, November 11, 1932.

Mobile Register. “Arraignment of Pair Set for Monday.” October 23, 1932.

———. “Dyson Jury to Get Case Late in Day.” November 14, 1932.

———. “Dysons File Not Guilty Plea in Case.” October 25, 1932.

———. “Jury Named in Dyson Trial.” November 10, 1932.

———. “Mobile Real Estate Man Slain in Hotel Room.” August 23, 1932.

———. “Sam Dyson Acquitted in Butler Slaying Case.” February 3, 1933.

———. “Sam Dyson Opens Defense as State Ends Testimony.” February 2, 1933.

———. “Search for Butler Killers Spreads Over Dixie.” August 24, 1932.

Mobile Times. “Butler’s Father Takes the Stand.” November 10, 1932.

———. “Dyson Kisses Wife in Court.” October 23, 1932.

———. “Full and Descriptive Story of Dyson Murder Hearing.” November 11, 1932.

———. “Samuel Tells How Brother and Butler Had Fight.” November 13, 1932.

Politico. “Congress Passes the White Slave Traffic Act, June 25, 1910.” June 25, 2010.