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Abbott, Francis Ellingwood, 22
Abbott, Lyman, 29, 106, 108
Adams, Brooks, 186–189
Adams, Henry, 15, 85, 173, 186
Adams, Herbert Baxter, 173–174
Agassiz, Louis, 17–18, 23, 26, 28, 127
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 194
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 18–19, 193
American Breeders’ Association, 162
American Economic Association, 34, 107, 144, 147
American Genetic Association, 162
American Journal of Sciences and
Arts, 13
American Journal of Sociology, 101
American Philosophical Society, 4
American Social Science Association, 47
American Sociological Society, 70, 82, 156
Anarchism, 7, 35, 59, 130, 134
Angell, Norman, 199
Anglo-Saxonism, 172–184, 191–194, 203
Anthropological Society of Washington, 72
Anthropologists, 4, 65, 85, 152, 169, 192
Anti-Corn Law League, 35
Anti-imperialism, 134, 183, 192, 194
Anti-Imperialist League, 194
Appleton’s Journal, 22, 89
Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 26
Aristocracy, 9, 56, 71, 80, 82–83, 154, 157
Aristotle, 26, 31–32
Arnold, Matthew, 21
Atheism, 13, 18, 25–26, 30, 88
Atlantic Monthly, 23, 33, 87, 132
Baer, Karl Ernst von, 35
Bagehot, Walter, 23, 67, 90, 92, 112, 132
Bain, Alexander, 15, 23
Baldwin, James Mark, 158–159
Bancroft, George, 32, 177–178
Barker, Lewellys F., 164
Barnard, F. A. P., 31
Barrett, John, 181
Beard, Charles A., 60, 168–169
Beecher, Henry Ward, 29–31, 48
Behrends, A. J. F., 106, 108
Bellamy, Edward, 98, 107, 110, 113–114, 148
Bemis, Edward, 107
Bentham, Jeremy, 40–41
Bernhardi, Friedrich von, 190, 196–198
Beveridge, Albert T., 179–180, 182
Bible, 14, 16, 25–26, 28, 31
Biddle, Nicholas, 9
Bliss, William D. P., 106
Boas, Franz, 168–169, 192
Boehmert, Victor, 72
Bowen, Francis, 88, 146
Bowne, Borden P., 33
Brace, Charles Loring, 16, 22
Brandeis, Louis D., 121, 168–169
Brooks, Phillips, 30
Brown University, 69
Browning, Robert, 21
Brownson, Orestes A., 26
Bryan, William Jennings, 82, 119, 200
Büchner, Edward, 26, 36
Buckle, Thomas H., 15
Burgess, John W., 174–175
Burke, Edmund, 8
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 50
Calvinism, 10, 51, 66
Carnegie, Andrew, 9, 45, 49, 60
Carver, Thomas Nixon, 148, 151, 153, 198
Catholicism, 24, 26, 30, 87, 178
Chambers, Robert, 14
Chicago, University of, 82, 135
Christian Union, 29
Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor, 106
Churches: and evolution, 24–30, 105–110, 151
Clarke, James Freeman, 14
Clergy, 105–109. See also Churches; Social gospel
Cleveland, Stephen Grover, 183
Coleridge, Samuel T., 35
Columbia University, 157, 175
Commons, John R., 34, 107, 168
Competition, 6, 9, 35, 45, 52, 54, 57–59, 73–75, 86, 89, 93, 98–104, 108–110, 113–121, 140, 143–157, 164, 176–177, 185, 188, 201–204
Comte, Auguste, 20, 67, 82–83, 115, 137
Conant, Charles A., 181
Conservation of energy, 36, 127, 157
Conservatism, 5–10, 28, 41, 46–47, 51, 57, 80, 84, 88, 108, 110–111, 118, 121, 124, 136, 141, 157, 167
Contemporary Review, 55
Cooley, Charles H., 33, 143, 159–160, 166–167
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 3
Creel Committee on Public Information, 197
Croly, Herbert, 105, 121, 141
Crosby, Ernest Howard, 194
Cuvier, Georges L., 14, 17
Dana, James Dwight, 18, 29
Daniel, John W., 192
Darrow, Clarence, 34
Dartmouth College, 21
Darwin, Charles, 4–5, 13, 16–32, 36–39, 45, 55–56, 67, 77–79, 85, 88, 90–93, 109, 117, 132, 144, 147, 161, 167, 171, 178–179, 196–206
Darwinism, 4, 14–19, 23–24, 28, 85, 124–125, 136, 147–148, 154–155, 177; and psychology, 131–132, 150, 159; and theism, 25–31, 45, 86, 88, 108, 151; as new approach to nature, 3; social, 5–9, 11, 38, 43–44, 512–66, 68, 77, 81–82, 90, 95, 101, 104, 111, 137, 144, 152, 156–164, 170–172, 192, 196–203. See also Evolution; Natural selection
Davenport, Charles B., 164
Dawes, Henry L., 177
Dawn, 106
Debs, Eugene, 60
Democracy, 9, 56, 59–60, 63, 66, 71, 80, 82, 86, 100, 103, 119, 157, 166, 173–177, 188, 192–195, 200
Depew, Chauncey, 44
Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 24–27, 91–92, 171, 179, 200
Determinism, 51, 60, 68, 104, 125, 129–130, 157
DeVries, Hugo, 117, 163
Dewey, John, 33, 118, 123, 125, 134–142, 159–160, 168–169
Dickens, Charles, 21
Dickinson, G. Lowes, 134
Draper, John W., 23
Dreiser, Theodore, 34
Drummond, Henry, 90, 96–97, 103–104, 110
Dugdale, Richard, 161
Economist, 35
Economists, 4, 6, 34, 159, 187; and
evolution, 143–156, 198, 202–203
Education, 41, 62–63, 72, 76–77, 84, 90, 95, 116, 127, 129, 134–142, 165–166, 185, 192
Eggleston, George Cary, 89
Eliot, Charles William, 19, 50, 127
Ellwood, Charles A., 158
Ely, Richard T., 34, 70, 107, 146–147
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 32
Engels, Friedrich, 115
Enlightenment, 65
Ethics: Christian, 38, 86–87, 106, 110, 143, 201; and economics, 10–11, 51, 54, 61, 98, 115; and evolution, 40, 43, 85–104, 134, 138–140, 143–144, 198, 204; political, 79; Protestant, 51–52; utilitarian, 40
Eugenics movement, 82, 161–167, 185, 196
Everett, Edward, 32
Evolution, 3–4, 6, 13–17, 20, 22, 34–38, 51, 58, 68, 127; and purpose, 81; definition of, 129; evidences of, 19, 55; gradual, 117, 125; optimistic implications of, 16, 39, 44, 47–48, 78, 86, 89, 130, 176, 198; social, 42–43, 59–60, 66, 71, 73, 98, 115, 118, 133, 157, 171, 182, 198; speculative, 4, 14. See also Darwinism; Ethics; Natural selection
Ferri, Enrico, 152
Fichte, J. G., 31
Fiske, John, 13–15, 19–22, 24, 31–32, 48, 90, 94–96, 103–104, 110, 126, 139, 142, 176–178, 186, 198
Forum, 49, 71, 77
Fourteenth Amendment, 46–47
Free trade, 35, 63, 72
Freeman, Edward Augustus, 171–173
French Academy of Science, 23
Freud, Sigmund, 3
Fundamentalism, 25, 200
Galaxy, 24, 89
Galton, Sir Francis, 161, 164, 166
Gardner, Augustus P., 50
Garland, Hamlin, 34
Gary, Elbert H., 50
Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Etienne, 14
George, Henry, 47, 98, 107, 110–113
Giddings, Franklin H., 33, 79, 157–158
Gilman, Daniel Coit, 21
Gladden, Washington, 15, 105–106, 108–109
Gobineau, Comte Arthur de, 171
Goddard, Henry, 164
Godkin, E. L., 23, 134
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 14
Grant, Ulysses S., 34
Gray, Asa, 13–14, 16–19, 23–24, 32, 38
Green, John Richard, 174
Gronlund, Laurence, 114–116
Gumplowicz, Ludwig, 77–78
Haeckel, Ernst, 26, 36, 55, 109, 115, 193
Hale, Edward Everett, 32
Hall, G. Stanley, 193
Hamilton, Alexander, 9
Harriman, Mrs. E. H., 162
Harris, William T., 33, 124
Harvard University, 13–14, 19–20, 106, 126, 128, 141
Hay, John, 179–180, 183
Hayes, Rutherford B., 177
Hegel, G. W. F., 31–32, 124, 128, 139
Helmholtz, Hermann L. von, 36
Herron, George, 106, 109–110
Herschel, Sir William, 15
Hewitt, Abram S., 46
Hill, David Jayne, 50
Hill, James J., 45
Hoar, George F., 177
Hobbes, Thomas, 91–92, 95
Hobson, John A., 101
Hodge, Charles, 26
Hodgskin, Thomas, 35
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 32, 121, 126, 168
Holt, Henry, 34
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 16
Hoover, Herbert, 200
Hosmer, James K., 174, 182
Howells, William Dean, 89
Howison, George, 33
Humboldt, Alexander von, 15
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 13, 15, 21, 26, 55, 90, 95–97, 104, 115, 139
Hyndman, H. M., 112
Iconoclast, The, 69
Imperialism, 56, 87, 91, 170–200, 202–203
Independent, 27–28, 62, 106
Individualism, 6, 34, 46, 49–50, 68, 72, 79–83, 91, 102–108, 114–122, 125, 133–134, 140–141, 146, 151, 156–159, 164–165, 168, 201–203
Industrialism, 5, 19, 35, 42, 45, 49, 58, 60, 73, 78, 97, 106, 113, 120, 152, 154, 159, 176, 185, 188–189
Ingersoll, Robert, 31
Instrumentalism, 68, 125, 135–136, 139, 141. See also Dewey; Pragmatism
International Science Series, 23, 43, 92
International Socialist Review, 116
Interstate Commerce Act, 62, 70
Iowa College, 106
Ireland, Alleyne, 166
Irish Land League, 112
James, Henry, 18, 127, 134
James, William, 17, 20, 32–33, 84, 118, 123–138, 141, 159, 194, 198, 201. See also Pragmatism
Jevons, Stanley, 23
Johns Hopkins University, 21, 70, 135, 173–174
Johnson, Roswell Hill, 165
Jordan, David Starr, 164, 195–196
Joule, Tames P., 36
Journal of Heredity, 166
Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 124, 130
Kant, Immanuel, 31
Keller, Albert Galloway, 156–157, 167
Kellicott, William E., 163
Kellogg, Vernon, 199–200
Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, 36
Kemble, John Mitchell, 172
Keynes, John Maynard, 10
Kidd, Benjamin, 90, 99–102, 137, 198, 202
Kingsley, Charles, 172
Kipling, Rudyard, 192–194
Knights of Labor, 46, 105
Kropotkin, Peter, 90–91, 97, 104, 117, 140, 199, 201
LaFollette, Robert M., 121
Laissez faire, 5, 35, 40, 46, 51, 65, 68, 72–75, 79, 82, 84, 101, 108, 120, 123, 138, 144–146, 164
Lamarck, J., 17, 35, 39, 77, 98, 116
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 115
Laughlin, J. Laurence, 146
Laveleye, Emile de, 108
Lea, Homer, 170, 190–191
Le Conte, Joseph, 17, 23, 28–29, 38
Lewes, George H., 15
Lewis, Arthur M., 115–117
Lippmann, Walter, 122, 141
Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 120
Locke, John, 137
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 50, 179, 183
London, Jack, 34, 189
Lowell, James Russell, 32
Lubbock, Sir John, 92
Luce, Stephen B., 184
Lusk, Hugh, H., 189
Lyell, Sir Charles, 14–16, 19, 26, 35, 85
McCosh, James, 27, 29, 33, 38, 86
McDougall, William, 160
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 87
Mahan, Alfred T., 183–184, 188
Mallock, William H., 90, 102, 104, 153
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 35, 38–39, 51, 55–56, 65, 78–79, 85, 88, 91, 110–111, 145–147
Marble, Manton, 24
Marsh, Othniel C., 19–20, 55
Martineau, Harriet, 52–53, 64
Marx, Karl, 115–116, 117
Marxism, 46, 83, 98, 115, 117
Materialism, 26, 172, 187
Maudsley, Henry, 23
Maxim, Hiram, 191
Maxim, Hudson, 191
Mayer, Julius R., 36
Mendel, Gregor, 163
Menken, S. Stanwood, 191
Mercer, J. Edward, 198
Middle class, 11, 35, 63–64, 119–120, 202
Militarism, 56, 192, 202–203; American, 170–172, 182, 184, 190–191, 194, 196; German, 171–172, 190, 196–200
Mill, John Stuart, 15, 21, 126
Mivart, St. George, 27
Moleschott, Jacob, 36
Moltke, Helmuth von, 172
Mongredien, Augustus, 72
Monism, 67–68, 81, 84, 115, 117–118, 127
Monist, 139
Moody, Dwight L., 25
More, Paul Elmer, 197
Morgan, John Pierpont, 9
Morris, George Sylvester, 135
Morse, Edward S., 19
Müller, Max, 173
Nasmyth, George, 199
Nation, 23–24, 35, 126, 134
National Conference on Race Betterment, 162
Nationalist, 115
Natural causes, 16, 132–133
Natural law, 6, 41, 61, 65–68, 72–75, 84, 96, 108–109, 127, 144–146, 152, 154
Natural rights, 8, 40, 55, 59, 65–66
Natural selection, 4, 15–18, 22–27, 36–39, 42, 44, 51, 57–58, 64, 75–79, 85–99, 109, 116, 118, 140, 144–145, 151, 160–161, 170, 176, 179, 198, 201, 203. See also Darwinism; Evolution
Naturalism, 15, 36, 70, 87, 107, 123–126, 171, 204
Nebraska, University of, 200
New Deal, 9, 119, 122, 141
New Englander, 28
New Nation, 114
New York Tribune, 24, 64
New York World, 24
Newton, Sir Isaac, 3, 23, 36, 145
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 38, 86, 196–198
Nineteenth Century, 198
Nordau, Max, 171
North American Review, 22, 45, 101, 124, 126, 171
Notestein, Wallace, 197
Novicow, Jacques, 199
Oken, Lorenz, 17
Olney, Richard, 183
Origin of Species (Darwin). 13, 18–19, 22, 28, 91, 115, 141, 158, 171
Ostwald, Wilhelm, 36
Outlook, 29
Paley, William, 25
Patten, Simon, 146–149, 150–151, 158
Peabody, Francis Greenwood, 106
Pearson, Charles, 185–186, 188
Pearson, Karl, 164
Peirce, Charles, 32, 125–128, 130, 132, 137
Perry, Arthur Latham, 146, 164
Perry, Ralph Barton, 198
Phelps, William Lyon, 54
Phillips, Wendell, 32
Pluralism, 128
Plutocracy, 9, 11, 63, 200
Political economy. See Economists
Popenoe, Paul, 165
Popular Science Monthly, 22–23, 43, 127
Populists, 9, 46, 82, 119, 160
Porter, Noah, 20–21, 53, 64
Positivism, 20, 27, 37, 87, 126
Pragmatism, 5, 32, 49, 68, 84, 104, 118, 123–142
Presbyterianism, 27, 34
Princeton Review, 26
Princeton University, 27
Progress, 6, 31, 40, 44, 47, 59, 61, 75, 78–80, 85–86, 93, 99–103, 111–112, 138, 149–150, 178, 180, 199
Protestantism, 24, 26, 30, 105, 110, 178
Psychiatry, 162
Puritanism, 29, 87
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 154
Racism, 170–200
Ratzenhofer, Gustav, 77
Rauschenbusch, Walter, 107–108
Reid, Whitelaw, 21
Ricardo, David, 51–52, 64–65, 78, 145, 150
Rice, W. N., 25
Ripley, George, 24
Ripley, William Z., 193
Rockefeller, John D., 45
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 9
Roosevelt, Theodore, 101–102, 121, 164, 170, 175, 179–180, 183–184, 188–169, 195
Root, Elihu, 50
Ross, Edward A., 70, 82, 156, 158, 160, 164, 200
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 74
Royce, Josiah, 33, 128–129
Saturday Evening Post, 196
Say, Jean B., 145
Schelling, F. W. von, 31
Schurz, Carl, 48, 183
Scientists, and evolution, 14–23
Scopes, John T., 200
Secularism, 7–9, 30, 107
Shakespeare, William, 133
Shaler, Nathaniel S., 90
Sherman, William T., 177
Sherman Act, 70, 120
Silsbee, Edward, 13–14
Sinclair, Upton, 61, 63
Single Tax, 46, 107, 110
Small, Albion W., 33, 70, 84, 156, 158
Smith, Adam, 145
Smith, Goldwin, 87–88
Smith, J. Allen, 60
Social gospel, 105–110
Social reform, 7–8, 16, 40, 43, 46–47, 60–65, 68, 71, 75, 80, 84, 99–100, 105, 118–121, 125, 134, 142, 161, 165, 167, 202
Socialism, 45, 46, 49, 54, 57, 61–65, 80, 83, 99–110, 114, 118, 135, 140, 152, 165, 167, 185. See also Marx; Marxism
Socialist Labor Party, 114
Socialist Party, 106–107
Sociologists, and evolution, 4, 41, 43, 48–49, 55, 59, 67–69, 84, 101–102, 110, 117, 133, 137, 143, 156, 158, 160–161, 198–199
Solidarism, 104, 110, 202
Spanish-American War, 11, 64, 170, 183, 185, 195–196
Sparks, Jared, 32
Spencer, Herbert, 4–6, 11–15, 20–29, 31–51, 55–57, 60–61, 67–72, 77–86, 90–92, 98–105, 108–119, 122–135, 138, 142–145, 153, 156–161, 164, 176, 178, 182–186, 198–202
Stanford University, 195
Sterilization, 162
Stoll, Elmer E., 197
Stone, Harlan Fiske, 50
Strong, Josiah, 107, 178–179, 186
Sumner, Charles, 32–33
Sumner, Thomas, 52
Sumner, William Graham, 6–12, 20–21, 48, 51–66, 69–70, 79, 82, 85, 90, 109, 117, 119, 122, 143–148, 151–153, 156–157, 164, 195, 201, 203
Sun Yat-sen, 190
Supreme Court, 46
Swift, Morrison I., 130
Tennyson, Alfred, 21, 182
Thayer, William Roscoe, 197
Theism, 18, 25–31, 108, 151
Thorndike, Edward Lee, 165
Ticknor, George, 32
Tolstoi, Leo, 194
Transcendentalism, 32–33
Treitschke, Heinrich von, 196
Tufts, James H., 140
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 168–169, 178
Tylor, Edward, 23, 92, 173
Tyndall, John, 21, 23
Unitarianism, 33
Van Hise, Charles R., 121
Vanderbilt University, 21
Veblen, Thorstein, 65, 82, 143–145, 152–156, 159, 168–169
Vincent, George E., 158
Vogt, Karl, 12
Wagner, Klaus, 197
Waite, Morrison R., 177
Walker, Francis Amasa, 144–145, 148, 153
Wallace, Alfred R., 24, 39, 94, 144
Walling, William English, 117–118
Ward, Mrs. Humphrey, 101
Ward, Lester F., 5, 33, 67–85, 114–117, 120, 122, 137–138, 149, 152, 156, 159–160, 166, 201
Warner, Amos G., 162
Washington National Union, 71
Wayland, Francis, 53, 145
Weismann, August, 77, 98–99, 116, 163, 166
Wesleyan University, 25
Weyl, Walter, 120
Whitman, Walt, 14, 44
Whitney, William C., 53
Wilberforce, William, 13
Wilson, Woodrow, 50, 120–121, 151
Winchell, Alexander, 21
Wood, Leonard, 191
Woods, Frederick Adams, 166
Woolsey, Theodore Dwight, 53
World War I, 166, 190, 196–197, 200, 203
Wright, Chauncey, 22, 32, 125–126, 137
Wyman, Jeffries, 127
Yale University, 11, 19–20, 51, 53, 64, 152, 195
“Yellow Peril,” 185, 189–190
Youmans, Edward Livingston, 14, 22–23, 27, 31–34, 47, 49, 92, 142