/********************/
/* 1. Global styles */
/********************/

a:link {
	color: #ff0000;
}
a:active {
	color: #ff0000;
}
a:visited {
	color: #5f5f5f;
}
body {
	line-height: normal;
	margin: 1.5em;
}
img {
	border:0;
	vertical-align: middle;
}


/*****************************/
/* 2. Article/Chapter Header */
/*****************************/

/* Context information at the top of the page */
/**********************************************/
.ArticleContextInformation, .ChapterContextInformation {
	margin-bottom: 0.83em;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformation {
	border-right:  1px solid;
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
	border-left:   1px solid #999999;
	border-top:    1px solid #999999;
	padding: 1px;
	width:auto;
	display:inline-block
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformation {
	border-right:  1px solid;
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
	border-left:   1px solid #999999;
	border-top:    1px solid #999999;
	padding: 1px;
	width:auto;
	display:inline-block
}
.ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformationJournalTitles, .ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationSeriesTitles, .ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationBookTitles {
	margin: 1px;
	padding: 2px;
	border-right:  1px solid #999999;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;
	border-left:   1px solid;
	border-top:    1px solid;
	display: block;
}
.ContextInformationJournalTitles {
	background-color: #d6d6d6;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .JournalTitle, .ArticleContextInformation .JournalSubTitle {
	display:block
}
.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle,
.ChapterContextInformation .xBookTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .BookSubTitle {
	display:block
}
.ChapterContextInformation .BookEdition {
	display:inline
}
.ChapterContextInformation .BookEdition:before {
	content: ', ';
}
.ArticleCopyright, .ChapterCopyright, .ArticleDOI, .ChapterDOI, .ContextInformationAuthorEditorNames {
	margin: 2px 1px 1px 1px;
	padding: 2px;
	border-right:  1px solid #999999;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;
	border-left:   1px solid;
	border-top:    1px solid;
	display:block
}

/* Article/Chapter Categories */
/******************************/
.Categories {
	color: #666666;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1.0em;
	margin-top: 1.0em;
}
.ArticleCategory, .ChapterCategory {
	font-size: 150%;
}
.ArticleSubCategory, .ChapterSubCategory {
	font-size: 125%;
}

/* Article/Chaper Titles */
/*************************/
.MainTitleSection {
	color: #444444;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1.2em;
	margin-top: 1.2em;
}
.ArticleSuperTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
}
.ArticleTitle, .ChapterTitle {
	font-size: 175%;
	margin-top: 0;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}
.ArticleSubTitle, .ChapterSubTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
}

/* Author Information */
/**********************/
.AuthorNames {
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Prefix:after {
	content: '\00a0';
}
.Suffix:before {
	content: '\00a0';
}
.Degrees:before {
	content: ',\00a0';
}
.NativeName:before, .Role:before {
	content: '\00a0(';
}
.NativeName:after, .Role:after {
	content: ')';
}
.Affiliation {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 80%;
	margin-top:2px;
}
.AffiliationNumber {
	float: left;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.AffiliationText {
	margin-left: 2em;
}
.AffiliationHint {
	font-style: italic;
}
.AuthorNames .DeceasedSymbol:before {
	content: "\2020";
	padding-left: 3px;
}
.AuthorNames .EqualContributionSymbol:before {
	content: "*";
	padding-left: 3px;
}
.AffiliationLegend .DeceasedSymbol:before {
	content: "\2020";
	display: inline-block;
	width: 14px;
}
.AffiliationLegend .EqualContributionSymbol:before {
	content: "*";
	display: inline-block;
	width: 14px;
}
.ClearBoth {
	clear: both;
	font-size: 0pt;
	line-height: 0 !important;
}
.Contact, .AffiliationLegend {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 80%;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	margin-top:    1em;
}
.AuthorNames .ContactIcon {
	width:14px;
	height:10px;
	background-image:url('contact.gif');
	background-repeat: no-repeat;
	display: inline-block;
}
.Contact .ContactIcon {
	width:14px;
	height:10px;
	background-image:url('contact.gif');
	background-repeat: no-repeat;
	float:left;
	margin-top:4px;
	margin-right:4px;
}
.ContactAuthorLine {
	padding-left:20px;
	font-weight: bold;
}
.ContactAdditionalLine {
	padding-left:20px;
}
.ContactType {
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Article/Chapter History */
/***************************/
.ArticleHistory {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 80%;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.HistoryLabel {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.History+.History {
	padding-left: 0.5em;
}

/* Table of Contents */
/*********************/
.ArticleOrChapterToc {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.ArticleOrChapterToc .HeadingNumber {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 0.3em;
}

/* Abstract */
/************/
.Abstract {
	margin-top: 1em
}
.Abstract>.Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.AbstractSection {
	margin-top: 0.3em
}
.AbstractSection>.Heading {
	font-style: italic;
}

/* Keywords */
/************/
.KeywordGroup {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.KeywordGroup .Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	display: inline;
}
.Keyword+.Keyword:before {
	content: " \2013  ";
}

/* Foreign Language Header */
/***************************/
.ForeignLanguageHeader {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-left: 3em;
}

.ForeignLanguageTitleSection {
	color: #444444;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1.2em;
	margin-top: 1.2em;
}

/* AbbreviationGroup */
/*********************/
.AbbreviationGroup {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.ForeignLanguageHeader+.AbbreviationGroup {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.AbbreviationGroup>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 0em;
}
.AbbreviationGroup .DefinitionList {
	margin-top: 0em;
	margin-bottom: 0em;
	padding-right: 0.1em;
	padding-top: 0.1em;
	padding-bottom: 0.1em;
}
.AbbreviationGroupSection>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-top: 0.2em;
}

/* ArticleNote */
/***************/
.ArticleNote {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.ArticleNote>.Heading {
	font-style: italic;
}
.ArticleNoteMotto {
	text-align: right;
}

/* Biography */
/*************/
.Biography {
	display: table;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	padding-bottom: 0;
	width: 100%;
}
.Biography .FormalPara {
	display: table-row-group;
}
.Biography .BiographyFigure {
	display: table-footer-group;
}
.Biography .Figure {
	border-bottom: none;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

/*********************/
/* 3. General styles */
/*********************/

/* BlockQuote */
/**************/
.Fulltext>.Para:first-of-type>.BlockQuote:first-of-type {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.BlockQuote>.Heading {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1em;
}

/* Caption */
/***********/
.Caption, .TableFooter {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 80%;
}
.Caption {
	margin-top: 1.0em;
}
.TableFooter {
	margin-top: 1.0em;
}
.Table .Caption {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}
.Figure .Caption {
	margin-bottom: 1.0em;
}
.Table .Caption {
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.CaptionNumber {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 0.6em;
}
.CaptionContent .Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.CaptionContent>span.SimplePara {
	display: block;
}
.CaptionContent div:first-of-type {
	display: inline;
	margin-top: 0;
}

/* DefinitionList */
/******************/
.DefinitionList {
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	padding: 0.1em;
}
.DefinitionList>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-style: italic;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.DefinitionListEntry {
	padding-left: 1em;
	clear: both;
}
.Term {
	float: left;
	font-style: italic;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	text-indent: 0;
	vertical-align: top;
}
.Description {
	padding-bottom: 0.3em;
	display:block;
	margin-left: 2em;
}

/* Emphasis */
/************/
.EmphasisTypeBold {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.EmphasisTypeItalic {
	font-style: italic;
}
.EmphasisTypeUnderline {
	text-decoration: underline;
}
.EmphasisTypeDoubleUnderline {
	border-bottom-style:double;
}
.EmphasisTypeSmallCaps {
	font-variant:small-caps;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalic {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-style: italic;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldUnderline {
	font-weight: bold;
	text-decoration: underline;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldDoubleUnderline {
	font-weight: bold;
	border-bottom-style:double;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldSmallCaps {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-variant:small-caps;
}
.EmphasisTypeItalicUnderline {
	font-style: italic;
	text-decoration: underline;
}
.EmphasisTypeItalicDoubleUnderline {
	font-style: italic;
	border-bottom-style: double;
}
.EmphasisTypeItalicSmallCaps {
	font-style: italic;
	font-variant: small-caps;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicUnderline {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-style: italic;
	text-decoration: underline;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicDoubleUnderline {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-style: italic;
	border-bottom-style: double;
}
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicSmallCaps {
	font-weight: bold;
	font-style: italic;
	font-variant: small-caps;
}
.EmphasisTypeUnderlineSmallCaps {
	text-decoration: underline;
	font-variant: small-caps;
}
.EmphasisTypeDoubleUnderlineSmallCaps {
	border-bottom-style: double;
	font-variant: small-caps;
}
.EmphasisFontCategoryNonProportional {
	font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;
	font-size: 95%;
}
.EmphasisFontCategorySansSerif {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 75%;
}
.EmphasisTypeStrikethrough {
	text-decoration: line-through;
}

/* Figure */
/**********/
.Figure {
	/*border-bottom: 2px groove;*/
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.OpeningFigure .Figure {
	/*padding-bottom: 1em;*/
}
.Figure img {
	height: auto;
	margin: 0;
	max-width: 100%;
}
.MediaObject {
	display: block;
}
.MediaObject+.MediaObject {
	margin-top: 1em;
}

/* Footnotes */
/*************/
.FootnoteSection {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.FootnoteSection>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.83em;
	margin-bottom: 0.83em;
}
.Footnote {
	clear: both;
	font-size: 90%;
	text-align: left;
}
.FootnoteNumber {
	float:left;
	font-size: 80%;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	vertical-align: super;
}
.Footnote>.FootnoteNumber {
	font-size: 80%;
	vertical-align: baseline;
}
.FootnoteParas > div {
	margin-left: 1em;
	margin-top: 0.3em;
}

/* Equations */
/*************/
.Equation {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	margin-bottom: -0.7em !important;
	text-align: justify;
	text-indent: 0;
	vertical-align: middle;
	width: 100%;
}
.Equation:after {
	content: '';
	display: inline-block;
	width: 100%;
}
.EquationContent {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-bottom: 0;
	max-width: 100%;
	text-align: left;
	text-indent: 0;
	vertical-align: middle;
}
.EquationContent img {
	max-width: 100%;
}
.EquationNumber {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
	text-align: right;
	vertical-align: middle;
}
.EquationSourceXml {
	white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Headings */
/************/
.HeadingNumber {
	padding-right: 0.3em;
}
.RenderAsSection1>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.RenderAsSection2>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em
}
.RenderAsSection3>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 115%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.RenderAsSection4>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 105%;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em
}
.RenderAsSection5>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.RenderAsSection6>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.RenderAsSection7>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.SectionTypeBox>.Heading, .SectionTypeOverview>.Heading, .SectionTypeWarning>.Heading {
	margin-top: 8px;
}

/* FormalPara */
/**************/
.FormalPara {
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.FormalParaRenderingStyle1>.Heading{
	display: inline;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 1em;
}
.FormalParaRenderingStyle2>.Heading {
	display: inline;
	font-style: italic;
	padding-right: 1em;
}
.FormalParaRenderingStyle3>.Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 1em;
}
.FormalParaRenderingStyle1>div:nth-child(2), .FormalParaRenderingStyle2>div:nth-child(2) {
	display: inline;
}

/* Literal */
/***********/
.Literal {
	font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace
}

/* Ordered List */
/****************/
.OrderedList {
	text-indent: 0em;
	display:table;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}
.OrderedList > ol {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}
.OrderedList .Heading {
	font-size: 1em;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 0;
	display:table-caption;
}
.OrderedList .Heading+.ListItem {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.ListItem {
	/*margin-left: 0em;*/
	display:table-row;
}
.ItemContent > div {
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.ItemNumber {
	/*float: left;*/
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	display: table-cell;
}
.ItemContent {
	/*overflow: hidden;*/
	display: table-cell;
}

/* Para */
/********/
.Fulltext>.Para:first-of-type {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.Para+.Para {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}
.ParaTextBreak {
	margin-top: 1em !important;
	text-indent: 0 !important;
}
.ParaTypeExample, .ParaTypeTip {
	border-left: 4px solid;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	margin-top: 1em !important;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.ParaTypeEyeCatcher, .ParaTypeImportant, .ParaTypeWarning {
	background: #bbbbbb;
	border: 2px solid;
	padding: 0.5em;
	margin-top: 0.8em !important;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.ParaTypeGeneticSequence, .ParaTypeLiteral, .ParaTypeProgramcode {
	font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;
	font-size: 95%;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.ParaTypeProgramcode {
	text-indent: 0 !important;
	padding-top: 1em;
	word-wrap: break-word;
}
.ParaTypeProgramcode+.ParaTypeProgramcode {
	padding-top: 0;
}
.ParaTypeProgramcode+div {
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.ParaTypeLegalText {
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: left;
}
.ParaTypeOverview {
	border: 2px solid;
	margin-top: 0.8em !important;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
	padding: 0.5em
}
.ParaTypeSource {
	font-style: italic;
}
.ParaTypeTrailer {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.OrderedList+.Para {
	text-indent: 0;	
}

/* ProgramCode */
/***************/
.ProgramCode {
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.ProgramCode .FixedLine {
	font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;
	font-size: 95%;
	word-wrap: break-word;
}
.LineGroup+.LineGroup {
	margin-top: 1em;
}

/* Quiz */
/********/
.Heading+.Para>.Quiz>.Heading {
	margin-top: 0; /* omit space above quiz heading if it follows another heading */
}
.Quiz .Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1em;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.QuizTask {
	display: table;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
	width: 100%;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.QuizTask + .QuizTask {
	margin-top: 1.5em;
}
.QuizItemTypeSolution {
	background-color: #eeeeee;
	border: 2px solid #aaaaaa;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	padding: 10px;
}

a.QuizHide:link, a.QuizHide:active, a.QuizHide:visited, a.QuizShow:link, a.QuizShow:active, a.QuizShow:visited {
	color: #000000;
}
.QuizHide, .QuizShow {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.QuizHide {                   /* hide the "hide button" */
	display: none;
}
.QuizShow:focus + .QuizHide { /* if the focus is on the "show" button, show the "hide" button */
	display: inline;
}
.QuizShow:focus {             /* if the focus is on the "show" button, hide the "show" button */
	display: none;
}
.QuizItemTypeSolution .ItemContent { /* hide the solution */
	display: none;
}
.QuizShow:focus ~ .ItemContent {     /* if the focus is on the "show" button, show the solution */
	display: inline;
}

/* Section Authors */
/*******************/
.Section1 .AuthorNames, .Section2 .AuthorNames, .Section3 .AuthorNames {
	margin-top: 0.3em;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Section Types */
/*****************/
.SectionTypeBox, .SectionTypeOverview {
	border: 2px solid !important;
	margin-top: 1em !important;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.SectionTypeExample, .SectionTypeTip {
	border-left: 4px solid;
	margin-top: 1em !important;
	padding-top: 0em;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.SectionTypeExample>.Heading {
}
.SectionTypeLegalText, .SectionTypeTrailer {
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: left;
}
.SectionTypeWarning {
	background: #bbbbbb;
	border: 2px solid;
	margin-top: 1em !important;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.RenderAsSection1 {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.SectionTypeBox+.RenderAsSection1, .SectionTypeOverview+.RenderAsSection1, .SectionTypeWarning+.RenderAsSection1 {
	border-top: 0; /* no bar above the section if the previous section is in a box */
}

/* Sidebars */
/************/
.InternalRefSidebarLexicon {
	background-image:url('sidebar.gif');
	background-repeat: no-repeat;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-left:20px;
}
.SidebarDialog {
	border: 1px solid;
	margin-left: 2em;
	margin-top: 0.2em;
	padding: 0.2em;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.SidebarNumber {
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
}

/* SimplePara */
/**************/
.SimplePara+.SimplePara {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}

/* Stack */
/*********/
.Stack {
	display: inline-table;
	vertical-align: top;
}
.Stack sub {
	display: table-row;
}
.Stack sup {
	display: table-row;
}

/* Tables */
/**********/
thead {
	background: #bbbbbb;
	color: #000000 !important;
}
.Table {
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.Table img {
	height: auto;
	margin: 0;
	max-width: 100%;
}
.Para+.Table, .Para>.Table {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.SimplePara>.Table {
	margin-top: .5em;
}
table {
	text-indent: 0;
}
thead, tbody {
	vertical-align: top;
}

/* UnorderedList */
/*****************/
.UnorderedList {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}
.UnorderedList>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-style: italic;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Heading+ul {
	margin-top: 0;
}
ul {
	margin-top: 0;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}
ul li {
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
ul.UnorderedListMarkBullet {
	list-style-type: disc
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkBullet div {
	/*margin-bottom: 0.3em;*/
}
ul.UnorderedListMarkBullet .Equation div {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkNone {
	list-style-type: none
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkNone div {
	/*margin-bottom: 0.3em;*/
}
ul.UnorderedListMarkNone .Equation div {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkDash {
	list-style: none;
	margin-left: 1.9em;
	padding-left: 1em;
	text-indent: -1em;
}
ul.UnorderedListMarkDash > li > div:first-of-type {
	display:inline;
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkDash div {
	text-indent: 0;
	/*margin-top: 0.3em;
	margin-bottom: 0.3em;*/
}

ul.UnorderedListMarkDash>li:before {
	content: "\2013 \0020";
}

/* Verse */
/*********/
.Verse {
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Verse .Heading {
	font-size: 1rem;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-indent: 0;
}


/*********************************/
/* 4. Article/Chapter Backmatter */
/*********************************/

/* Acknowledgments, AuthorContribution, Ethics */
/***********************************************/
.Acknowledgments, .AuthorContribution, .FundingInformation, .Ethics {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Acknowledgments>.Heading, .AuthorContribution>.Heading, .FundingInformation>.Heading, .Ethics>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Glossary */
/************/
.License {
	font-size: 0.9rem !important;
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.License>a:first-child img {
	float: left;	
	height:1.9rem;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
	padding-bottom: 0.0em;
	padding-top: 0.2em;
}

/* Glossary */
/************/
.Glossary {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1.0em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	padding-top: 0.3em;
}
.Glossary .Headings {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.Glossary>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Glossary>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.GlossarySection .Headings {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}
.GlossarySection>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 130%;
}
.GlossarySection>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 105%;
}
.GlossaryTerm {
	font-style: italic;
	padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.GlossarySeeLabel, .GlossarySeeAlsoLabel {
	font-style: italic;
	padding-right: 0.3em;
}
.GlossaryEntry {
	text-indent: -1.5em;
	margin-left: 1.5em;
}
.GlossaryDef {
	display: inline;
	margin-top: 0.3em;
}
.GlossaryDef>.SimplePara, .GlossaryDef>.GlossarySee, .GlossaryDef>.GlossarySeeAlso {
	display: block;
}
.GlossaryDef>:first-child {
	display: inline;
	margin-top: 0;
	margin-left: 0;
}
.GlossaryDef .SimplePara+.GlossarySee, .GlossaryDef .SimplePara+.GlossarySeeAlso {
	text-indent: 0em;
}
.GlossaryTerm {
	display: inline;
}
.GlossaryTerm+.GlossarySee, .GlossaryTerm+.GlossarySeeAlso {
	display: inline;
}
.InternalRefGlossaryEntry {
	background: #DEEDFC;
	border-bottom: thin dotted;
}
.InternalRefGlossaryEntry:hover {
	/*background: #ffffff;*/
	border-bottom: none;
	z-index: 6;
}
.InternalRefGlossaryEntry .InlineGlossaryDefinition {
	background: #ffffff;
	left: -9999px;
	margin: 20px 3em 0 2em;
	padding: 3px 3px 3px 6px;
	border-style:solid;
	border-color:#49546F;
	border-width: 2px;
	border-radius: 5px;
	box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px #888;
}
.InternalRefGlossaryEntry:hover .InlineGlossaryDefinition {
	left: 2%;
	z-index: 6;
}

/* Table of Contents */
/*********************/
.Toc, .TocAppendix {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.Toc .Headings, .TocAppendix .Headings {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}
.Toc>.Headings>.Heading, .TocAppendix>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Toc>.Headings>.SubHeading, .TocAppendix>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.TocEntry, .TocPart, .TocBack {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.TocItem {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.TocPageNumber {
	/*float:right;*/
	display: none;
}
.Toc .TocAuthors, .TocAppendix .TocAuthors {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

/* Index */
/*********/
.Index {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 0.3em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.Index .Headings {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}
.Index>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Index>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.IndexDiv .Headings {
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1.0em;
	margin-bottom: 0.3em;
}
.IndexDiv>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 130%;
}
.IndexDiv>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 105%;
	font-style: italic;
}
.IndexEntrySeeLabel {
	font-style: italic;
	margin-left: 1em;
	padding-right: 0.3em;
}
.SecondaryIE {
	margin-left: 1em;
}
.TertiaryIE {
	margin-left: 2em;
}

/* Bibliography */
/****************/
.Bibliography {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	font-family: "Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Bibliography>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.83em;
	margin-bottom: 0em;
}
.BibliographyWrapper {
	display: table;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}
.BibSection>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
	margin-top: 0.83em;
}
.BibliographyWrapper>.BibSection:first-child>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0.3em;
}
.Citation {
	display: table-row;
	font-size: 80%;
}
.CitationNumber {
	display: table-cell;
}
.CitationNumber+.CitationContent {
	display: table-cell;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	text-align: left;
}
.CitationContent {
	display: table-cell;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.Occurrences {
	display: block;
}
.Occurrence {
	margin-right:5px;
}
.OccurrenceAMSID a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrenceBibcode a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrenceCOI a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrenceDOI a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrencePID a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrenceSpringerLink a span:before {
	width:108px;
	height:20px;

}
.OccurrenceZLBID a span:before {
	width:65px;
	height:20px;

}
.Occurrence a span span {
	display:none;
}
.Citation .ArticleTitle:before, .Citation .ChapterTitle:before {
	content: ' \201C'; /* opening quotes */
}
.Citation .ArticleTitle, .Citation .ChapterTitle {
	display: inline;
	font-size: 100%;
}
.Citation .ArticleTitle:after {
	content: '\201D\ '; /* closing quotes */
}
.Citation .ChapterTitle:after {
	content: '\201D\ In: '; /* closing quotes */
}
.Citation .Year:before {
	content: ' (';
}
.Citation .Year:after {
	content: ') ';
}
.Citation .JournalTitle:after {
	content: ' ';
}
.Citation .VolumeID:after {
	content: ':';
}
.BibChapter .FirstPage:before, .BibBook .FirstPage:before {
	content: ', pp ';
}
.Citation .FirstPage + .LastPage:before {
	content: '\2013'; /* en dash */
}
.Citation .BookTitle:after, .Citation .BibEditorName:after, .Citation .EditionNumber:after,
.Citation .PublisherName:after {
	content: ', ';
}
.BibComments {
	display: block;
}


/********************/
/* 1. Global styles */
/********************/
a {
	text-decoration: none;
}
body {
	margin: 0;
}


/*****************************/
/* 2. Article/Chapter Header */
/*****************************/

/* Context information at the top of the page */
/**********************************************/
.ArticleContextInformation {
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
	padding-bottom: 5px;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformation {
	border: 0;
	display: block;
	font-size: 80%;
	padding: 0;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformationJournalTitles {
	background-color: white;
	border: 0;
	display: inline;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .JournalTitle, .ArticleContextInformation .JournalSubTitle {
	border: 0;
	display:inline;
}
.ArticleCopyright, .ArticleDOI, .ArticleContextInformation .ContextInformationAuthorEditorNames {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 0;
	display: inline;
}
.ArticleCopyright .CopyrightComment {
	display: block;
}
.ArticleContextInformation .JournalTitle:after, .ArticleContextInformation .JournalSubTitle:after,
.ArticleContextInformation .ArticleCopyright:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.ArticleContextInformation .ArticleCopyrightIncludingCopyrightComment:after {
	content: "";
}

.ChapterContextInformation {
	border-top: 0;
	border-left: 0;
	border-right: 0;
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformation {
	border: none;
	font-size: 80%;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationSeriesTitles, .ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationBookTitles {
	border: 0;
	display:inline;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
}
.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle,
.ChapterContextInformation .BookTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .BookSubTitle {
	display:inline;
}
/*.ChapterContextInformation .BookTitle {
	font-style: italic;
}*/
.ChapterDOI, .ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationAuthorEditorNames {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 0;
	display: inline;
}
.ChapterCopyright {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 0;
	display: block;
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationAuthorEditorNames:after {
	content: ', ';
}
.ChapterContextInformation .BookTitle:after {
	content: ', ';
}
.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle:before {
	content: ': ';
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationVolumeNumber:before {
	content: ' ';
}
.ChapterContextInformation .ContextInformationSeries:after {
	content: ', ';
}

.BookContextInformation {
	font-size: 80%;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationEditorsAuthors:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle:before {
	content: ": ";
}
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationSeriesTitles:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookContextInformation .BookTitle:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookContextInformation .BookTitle {
	font-style: italic;
}
.BookContextInformation .BookEdition:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookContextInformation .BookSubTitle:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationDOI:after {
	content: ", ";
}
.BookFrontmatter .ContextInformation, .PartFrontmatter .ContextInformation, .BookBackmatter .ContextInformation {
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
	padding-bottom: 5px;
}

/* Article/Chapter Categories */
/******************************/
.Categories {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-bottom: 1.0em;
	margin-top: 1.0em;
}
.ArticleCategory, .ChapterCategory {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.ArticleSubCategory, .ChapterSubCategory {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 100%;
}

/* Article/Chaper Titles */
/*************************/
.MainTitleSection {
	color: inherit;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-bottom: 1.2em;
	margin-top: 1.2em;
}
.ArticleSuperTitle {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.ArticleTitle, .ChapterTitle {
	font-size: 175%;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.ArticleSubTitle, .ChapterSubTitle {
	font-size: 125%;
	text-align: left !important;
	padding-top: 0.2em;
}

/* Author Information */
/**********************/
.AuthorNames {
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.AuthorNames sup {
	font-size: 50%;
}
.Affiliation {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
}
.Contact, .AffiliationLegend {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
}

/* Article/Chapter History */
/***************************/
.ArticleHistory {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
}

/* ArticleNote */
/***************/
.ArticleNote>.Heading {
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Foreign Language Header */
/***************************/
.ForeignLanguageTitleSection {
	color: inherit;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
}

/* Biography */
/*************/
.Biography {
	display: block;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}
.Biography .FormalPara, .Biography .BiographyFigure {
	display: block;
	margin-top: 0;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}
.Biography .BiographyFigure {
	float: right;
	margin-left: 6px;
}


/*********************/
/* 3. General styles */
/*********************/

/* Acknowledgments, AuthorContribution, Ethics */
/***********************************************/
.Acknowledgments>.Heading, .AuthorContribution>.Heading, .FundingInformation>.Heading, .Ethics>.Heading {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
}

/* BlockQuote */
/**************/
.BlockQuote>.Heading {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	text-indent: 0;
}
.BlockQuote>.Para {
	text-indent: 0;
}
.Heading+.Para>.BlockQuote:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}

/* Caption */
/***********/
.Caption, .TableFooter {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	text-align: left;
	text-indent: 0em;
}
.CaptionContent {
	font-size: 90%;
}
.CaptionNumber {
	font-style: italic;
}

/* CitationRef */
/***************/
cite {
	font-style: normal;
}

/* DefinitionList */
/******************/
.Description .Para:first-child {
	text-indent: 0;
}
.Heading+.Para>div.DefinitionList:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}

/* Equations */
/*************/
.EquationContent img {
	background: white;
	padding: 2px;
}
.InlineEquation img {
	background: white;
}

/* Figure */
/**********/
.Figure {
	text-align: center;
}
.Figure img {
	background: white;
	padding: 2px;
}

/* Footnotes */
/*************/
.FootnoteSection {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
}
.FootnoteSection>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.Footnote>.FootnoteNumber {
}

/* FormalPara */
/**************/
.Heading+.FormalPara {
	margin-top: 0;
}

/* Headings */
/************/
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
	font-weight: normal;
}
.RenderAsSection1>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.RenderAsSection2>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section2>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.RenderAsSection3>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section3>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.RenderAsSection4>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 105%;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section4>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.RenderAsSection5>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section5>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.RenderAsSection6>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section6>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.RenderAsSection7>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.8em;
	margin-bottom: 0.1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Heading + .Section7>.Heading:first-child {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.SectionTypeBox>.Heading, .SectionTypeOverview>.Heading, .SectionTypeWarning>.Heading {
	margin-top: 8px;
}

/* Ordered List */
/****************/
.OrderedList {
	text-indent: 0em;
}

/* Para */
/********/
.Para+.Para {
	margin-top: 0;
	text-indent: 1.5em;
}

.ParaTypeExample, .ParaTypeEyeCatcher, .ParaTypeImportant,
.ParaTypeOverview, .ParaTypeTip, .ParaTypeWarning {
	text-indent: 0 !important;
}

.ParaTypeEyeCatcher img, .ParaTypeImportant img, .ParaTypeWarning img {
	background-color: transparent;
}

/* Index */
/*********/
.Index .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
}
.Index>.Headings>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Index>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.IndexDiv .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
}

/* Part */
/********/
.PartTitle {
	text-align: left !important;
}

/* Sections */
/************/
.BookBackmatter>.Appendix:first-child>div:first-child {
	/* omit the top border of the first div inside BookBackmatter */
	border-top: none !important;
	padding-top: 0 !important;
}
.BookAcknowledgmentsBody>.RenderAsSection1:first-child, .PrefaceBody>.RenderAsSection1:first-child {
	border-top: none;
	margin-top: 0em;
}
.BookAcknowledgmentsBody>.RenderAsSection1:first-child>.Heading, .PrefaceBody>.RenderAsSection1:first-child>.Heading {
	margin-top: 0em;
}

/* Section Authors */
/*******************/
.Section1 .AuthorNames, .Section2 .AuthorNames, .Section3 .AuthorNames {
	font-size: 100%;
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Section Types */
/*****************/
.SectionTypeWarning img {
	background-color: transparent;
}

/* SimplePara */
/**************/
.SimplePara+.SimplePara {
	margin-top: 0;
	text-indent: 1.5em;
}
.TableFooter .SimplePara+.SimplePara, .SpringerReferenceLine .SimplePara+.SimplePara {
	text-indent: 0em;
}

/* Tables */
/**********/
table {
	border-collapse: collapse;
	font-size: 80%;
	max-width: 100%;
}
table .SimplePara + .SimplePara {
	text-indent: 0;
}
th div {
	text-align: left;
}
td div {
	padding: 0.1em;
}
.ExternalTable {
	background-color: #F8F8F8;
	border-top: 1px solid;
	border-bottom: 1px solid;
	margin-top: 1em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	padding-top: 0em;
	padding-bottom: 0em;
}
.ExternalTable .Table {
	padding-bottom: 0.3em;
}

/* UnorderedList */
/*****************/
.Heading+.Para>div.UnorderedList:first-child>.Heading {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.UnorderedList li .Para:first-child {
	text-indent: 0;
}


/*********************************/
/* 4. Article/Chapter Backmatter */
/*********************************/

/* Glossary */
/************/
.Glossary .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
}
.Glossary>.Headings>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Glossary>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.GlossarySection .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
}
.GlossarySection>.Headings>.Heading {
	font-size: 130%;
}
.GlossarySection>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	font-size: 105%;
}

/* Bibliography */
/****************/
.Bibliography {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", "Minion", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Bibliography>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin-bottom: 0.0em;
}
.BibSection>.Heading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.Citation {
	font-size: 90%;
}
.Citation .ArticleTitle, .Citation .ChapterTitle {
	display: inline;
	font-size: 100%;
}
.Occurrence {
	margin-right: 0px;
}
.Occurrence:before {
	content:'[';
}
.Occurrence:after {
	content:']';
}
.Occurrence a span span {
	display:inline;
}
.OccurrenceAMSID a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrenceBibcode a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrenceCOI a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrenceDOI a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrencePID a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrenceSpringerLink a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}
.OccurrenceZLBID a span:before {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	content:'';
}


/**********************/
/* 5. BookFrontmatter */
/**********************/

/* Cover */
/*********/
.CoverFigure img {
	/* autoscale cover figure, used by the EPUB converter */
	margin: 0 auto 6px;
	width: 100%;
	max-width: 480px;
	height: auto;
}

/* Series Title Page */
/*********************/
.SeriesTitlePage {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-bottom: 1.5em;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .VolumeNumber, .SeriesTitlePage .SeriesTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 175%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 5px;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .SeriesSubTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 5px;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .SubSeriesTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 15px;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .SubSeriesSubTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 5px;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .CollaboratorDesignation {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-top: 3em;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .Collaborators {
	display: block;
}
.SeriesTitlePage .AffiliationText {
	margin-left: 0
}
.SeriesTitlePage .Affiliation+.CollaboratorName {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.SeriesInformationText {
	padding-top: 3em;
}

/* BookTitlePage */
/*****************/
.BookTitlePage {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.BookTitlePageAfterSeriesTitlePage {
	/* .SeriesTitlePage+.BookTitlePage doesn't work on the Kindle */
	page-break-before: always;
}
.BookContextInformation + .BookTitlePage {
	border-top: none;
	padding-top: 0;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookEditors, .BookTitlePage .BookEditorsInChief, .BookTitlePage .BookSectionEditors, .BookTitlePage .BookAuthors {
	margin-top: 5px;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookEditorInChiefGroup, .BookTitlePage .BookSectionEditorGroup {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookEditorGroup .CollaboratorDesignation, .BookTitlePage .BookEditorInChiefGroup .CollaboratorDesignation, 
.BookTitlePage .BookSectionEditorGroup .CollaboratorDesignation {
	font-style: italic;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookEditorGroup .CollaboratorDesignation, .BookTitlePage .Editor,
.BookTitlePage .InstitutionalEditor, .BookTitlePage .Author, .BookTitlePage .InstitutionalAuthor,
.BookTitlePage .BookEditorInChiefGroup, .BookTitlePage .BookSectionEditorGroup {
	font-size: 105%;
	margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 175%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookSubTitle {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookTitlePage .BookEdition {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
	font-weight: bold;
}
.BookTitlePage .CollaboratorLine {
	padding-top: 0.5em;
}
.BookFeatureText {
	margin-top: 0.5em;
}
/*.BookFeatureText+.BookFeatureText {
	margin-top: 0;
}*/
.BookTitlePage .PublisherLogo .Figure, .BookTitlePage .PublisherImprintName {
	font-size: 125%;
	margin-top: 4em;
	margin-bottom: 1.5em;
	text-align: center;
}

/* Copyright Page */
/******************/
.CopyrightPage {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.CopyrightPage .CollaboratorDesignation {
	display: block;
	font-style: italic;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.CopyrightPageOriginators {
	padding-bottom: 4em;
}
.CopyrightPage div + .CollaboratorDesignation {
	padding-top: 2em;
}
.CopyrightPage .EditorGroup + .AuthorGroup {
	padding-top: 2em;
}
.CopyrightPage .Author + .Author, .CopyrightPage .Author + .InstitutionalAuthor,
.CopyrightPage .InstitutionalAuthor + .Author, .CopyrightPage .InstitutionalAuthor + .InstitutionalAuthor,
.CopyrightPage .Editor + .Editor, .CopyrightPage .Editor + .InstitutionalEditor,
.CopyrightPage .InstitutionalEditor + .Editor, .CopyrightPage .InstitutionalEditor + .InstitutionalEditor,
.CopyrightPage .Collaborator + .Collaborator {
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.CopyrightPage .Affiliation {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", serif;
	margin-top: 0px;
}
.CopyrightPage .AffiliationText {
	margin-left: 0
}
.CopyrightPage .CollaboratorLine {
	padding-top: 1em;
}
.CopyrightPage .CollaboratorLine .CollaboratorDesignation {
	display: inline;
	font-style: normal;
}
.BookFrontmatter .CopyrightPage .ArticleNoteESMHint {
	border: none;
	padding-bottom: 0;
	page-break-before: auto;
}
.CopyrightPageISBNs, .CopyrightPageISSNs, .SpringerLocationsLine, .CatalogingInformation, .MathematicsSubjectClassification,
.CopyrightLine, .CopyrightPage .CopyrightComment, .CopyrightStandardText, .TrademarkQualifierText,
.ProductLiability, .LegalNotice, .CoverDesigner, .BookCoverFigureText, .PaperInfo, .SpringerReferenceLine {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.SeriesTitle+.CopyrightPageISBNs {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.CopyrightPage .SeriesTitle {
	display: block;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.CopyrightPageISSNs + .SeriesTitle {
	margin-top: 0;
}
.CopyrightPagePrintISSN+.CopyrightPageElectronicISSN {
	padding-left: 1.5em;
}
.CopyrightPagePrintISBN+.CopyrightPageElectronicISBN {
	padding-left: 1.5em;
}
.MathematicsSubjectClassificationCode + .MathematicsSubjectClassificationCode:before {
	content: ", ";
}

/* Endorsement */
/****************/
.Endorsement {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}

/* Frontispiece */
/****************/
.Frontispiece {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}

/* Dedication */
/**************/
.Dedication {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}

/* Foreword */
/************/
.Foreword {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.ForewordTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Foreword .AuthorName, .ForewordLocations, .ForewordDate {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.2em;
	text-align: right;
}
.ForewordLocation+.ForewordLocation:before {
	content: ", ";
}
.Foreword .RenderAsSection1>.Heading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.Foreword .RenderAsSection2>.Heading, .Foreword .RenderAsSection3>.Heading {
	font-size: 105%;
}

/* Preface */
/***********/
.Preface {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.PrefaceTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Preface .AuthorName, .PrefaceLocations, .PrefaceDate {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 0.2em;
	text-align: right;
}
.PrefaceLocation+.PrefaceLocation:before {
	content: ", ";
}
.Preface .RenderAsSection1>.Heading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.Preface .RenderAsSection2>.Heading, .Preface .RenderAsSection3>.Heading {
	font-size: 105%;
}

/* ArticleNote */
/***************/
.BookFrontmatterArticleNote {
	/* .BookFrontmatter .ArticleNote doesn't work on Kindle */
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.PartFrontmatter .ArticleNote {
	padding-bottom: 1em;
}
.BookFrontmatter .ArticleNote .Heading, .PartFrontmatter .ArticleNote .Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}

/* BookAcknlowledgments */
/************************/
.BookAcknowledgments {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.BookAcknowledgmentsTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookAcknowledgments .AuthorName {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.BookAcknowledgments .RenderAsSection1>.Heading {
	font-size: 125%;
}
.BookAcknowledgments .RenderAsSection2>.Heading, .BookAcknowledgments .RenderAsSection3>.Heading {
	font-size: 105%;
}

/* BookNotes */
/*************/
.BookNotes {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.BookNotesTitle {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookNotes .AuthorName {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.BookNotesBody {
	margin-top: 1em;
}

/* Abbreviation Group */
/**********************/
.BookFrontmatterAbbreviationGroup {
	/* .BookFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroup doesn't work on Kindle */
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.PartFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroup {
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.BookFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroup .Heading, .PartFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroup .Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
	font-weight: bold;
	padding-bottom: 0.5em;
	page-break-after: avoid;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.BookFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroupSection>.Heading, .PartFrontmatter .AbbreviationGroupSection>.Heading {
	font-size: 125%;
	margin-top: 0.5em;
	padding-bottom: 0em;
}

/* Table of Contents */
/*********************/
.Toc {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	border-top: none;
	margin-top: 0em;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.BookContextInformation+.Appendix>.TocAppendix:first-child {
	/* omit the top border of the first section1 of the first
	appendix if it immediately follows the book context information
	(otherwise there would be two lines) */
	border-top: none;
	padding-top: 0;
}
.Toc .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.TocAppendix .Headings {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", serif;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Toc>.Headings>.Heading, .TocAppendix>.Headings>.Heading {
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Toc>.Headings>.SubHeading, .TocAppendix>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	font-size: 125%;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.TocEntry, .TocPart, .TocBack {
	text-align: left !important;
}
.TocSection1, .TocSection2, .TocSection3, .TocSection4, .TocSection5, .TocSection6, .TocSection7 {
	padding-left: 1.5em;
}

/* List of Headings */
/********************/
.Loh {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.Loh .Headings {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.Loh>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
}
.Loh>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.LohPageNumber {
	/*float: right;*/
	display: none;
}

/* List of Contributors */
/************************/
.LocWithHeading, .LocWithoutHeading>.LocBody>.LocDiv {
	border-bottom: 2px groove;
	padding-bottom: 1em;
	padding-top: 1em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.Loc .Headings {
	font-weight: bold;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.LocWithHeading>.Headings>.Heading, .LocWithoutHeading>.LocBody>.LocDiv>.Headings>.Heading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 150%;
}
.LocWithHeading>.Headings>.SubHeading, .LocWithoutHeading>.LocBody>.LocDiv>.Headings>.SubHeading {
	display: block;
	font-size: 125%;
}
.LocWithHeading .LocDiv {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.LocWithHeading .LocDiv .Heading {
	font-size: 130%;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.LocWithHeading .LocDiv .SubHeading {
	font-size: 105%;
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-align: left !important;
}
.LocDiv .FormalPara .Heading {
	font-size: 100%;
}
.Loc .AuthorGroup+.AuthorGroup, .Loc .AuthorGroup+.EditorGroup, .Loc .EditorGroup+.AuthorGroup, .Loc .EditorGroup+.EditorGroup {
	margin-top: 1em;
}
.Loc .Author, .Loc .Editor, .Loc .InstitutionalAuthor, .Loc .InstitutionalEditor {
	font-weight: bold;
}
.Loc .AffiliationText {
	font-family: "Times New Roman", "Times", serif;
	font-size: 100%;
	margin-left: 0;
}
.Loc .Email + .Email:before {
	content: ", ";
}
.Loc .Emails, .Loc .URLs {
	display: inline;
}
.Loc .Emails + .URLs:before {
	content: ", ";
}
.Loc .URL + .URL:before {
	content: ", ";
}

/* BookFrontmatter FootnoteSection */
/***********************************/
.BookFrontmatterFootnoteSection {
	/* .BookFrontmatter .FootnoteSection doesn't work on Kindle */
	border-top: none;
	margin-top: 0em;
	page-break-before: always;
}
.PartFrontmatter .FootnoteSection {
	border-top: none;
	margin-top: 0em;
}
.BookFrontmatter .FootnoteSection>.Heading, .PartFrontmatter .FootnoteSection>.Heading {
	font-weight: bold;
}

/* Colophon */
/**************/
.Colophon {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 0.8em;
	font-style: italic;
}

/* ConferenceInfo */
/******************/
.ConferenceInfo {
	border-top: 2px groove;
	margin-top: 1em;
	padding-top: 0.8em;
}
.ConfEventAbbreviation, .ConfNumber+.ConfSeriesName, .ConfEventAbbreviation+.Year, .ConfEventDateStart, .ConfEventDateEnd {
	display: inline;
}
.ConfEventAbbreviation:after {
	content: ' ';
}
.ConfEventLocation .City:after {
	content: ', ';
}
.ConfEventDateEnd:before {
	content: '\2013';
}
.ConfEventDateStart .Year:after, .ConfEventDateStart .Month:after, .ConfEventDateEnd .Year:after, .ConfEventDateEnd .Month:after {
	content: '/';
}
.ConfEventDate .Month:after {
	content: '/';
}
 
/* Copyright owner style */ 
.copyOwner { 
font-size: 0.8em; text-align: left; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding-bottom: 5px; 
}