NOTES

CHAPTER ONE

1 Saul Friedländer (ed.), Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the ‘Final Solution’ (Cambridge, Mass., 1992).

2 Witness Statement of Deborah E. Lipstadt, paragraphs 1–80.

3 David Irving, “On Contemporary History and Historiography: Remarks delivered at the 1983 International Revisionist Conference,” JHR, vol. 5, nos. 2–4 (Winter 1984), pp. 251–88, here p. 265.

4 Videotape 175: speech at the Elangani Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 5 March 1986.

5 Irving’s Statement of Claim, p. 1; and his Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 2.

6 “David Irving on Freedom of Speech,” speech presented in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 28 October 1992. Transcript on Irving’s Focal Point website.

7 Deborah Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (London, 1994), pp. 181, 111, 161.

8 “The Defeat of the Denier,” The Bookseller, 21 April 2000, p. 12.

9 Irving, Statement of Claim, Summary.

10 Paul Addison, “The Burden of Proof,” New Statesman, 1 July 1977, p. 46.

11 R. Hinton Thomas, “Whitewashing Hitler?” The Birmingham Post, 22 June 1978.

12 Martin Gilbert, “Unobtrusive Genocide,” The Guardian, 16 June 1977.

13 Michael Howard, “Hitler and the Dogs of War,” The Sunday Times, 18 June 1978.

14 Gordon A. Craig, “The Devil in the Details,” New York Review of Books, 19 September 1996.

15 Sir Martin Lindsay, “Too Decent for Hitler,” The Sunday Telegraph, 15 January 1978.

16 John Charmley, Churchill: The End of Glory (London, 1993), p. 675 n. 51.

17 Hugh Trevor-Roper, “Hitler: Does History offer a Defence?” The Sunday Times, 12 June 1977.

18 Martin Broszat, “Hitler und die Genesis der ‘Endlösung’: Aus Anlass der Thesen von David Irving,” VfZG, vol. 25 (1977), pp. 739–75, reprinted in Hermann Graml and Klaus-Dietmar Henke (eds.), Nach Hitler: Der schwierige Umgang mit unserer Geschichte. Beiträge von Martin Broszat (Munich, 1986), pp. 187–229. References below are to the 1986 reprint unless otherwise noted.

19 Charles Sydnor Jr., “The Selling of Adolf Hitler: David Irving’s Hitler’s War,” Central European History, vol. 12, no. 2 (June 1979), pp. 169–99; for the author’s acknowledgments of financial support and research assistance, see p. 169.

20 Ibid., p. 176.

21 Peter Hoffmann, “Hitler’s Good Right Arm,” New York Times, 28 May 1989.

22 John Lukács, reviewing The War Between the Generals in The New York Times, 8 March 1981; idem, The Hitler of History (New York, 1998), pp. 27–8, 132–3, 229–30.

23 Ibid., pp. 27–28, 132–3, 229–30.

24 David Cannadine, History in Our Time (London, 1998), pp. 223–4.

25 Ibid., pp. 225–7.

26 David Irving and Kai Bird, “Reviewed vs Reviewer,” New Statesman, 8 May 1981, pp. 23–6.

27 Videotape 232: Canadian Association for Free Expression, Carlton Inn, Toronto, undated (1986), 29 mins. 10 secs.

28 Ron Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler (London, 1998), p. 226.

29 Sarah Lyall, “At War Over the Holocaust,” International Herald Tribune, 12 January 2000, p. 5.

30 Jenny Booth, “Humiliation for Holocaust Sceptic,” The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

31 Andrew Roberts, “David Irving, Truth and the Holocaust,” The Sunday Telegraph (Early Edition), 16 January 2000, p. 37.

32 Wolfgang Benz, “Ehrgeiz und Eitelkeit,” Die Welt (Berlin), 12 April 2000; also Klaus Grimberg, “Ein Signal,” Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, 12 April 2000.

33 “David Irving on Freedom of Speech,” 28 October 1992.

34 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. xii.

35 Ibid., p. 6; also in the preface to Hitler’s War, 1991 ed.

36 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., pp. 7–8; also in the preface to the 1991 edition.

37 Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. xxii.

38 Gitta Sereny, “Building Up Defences Against the Hitlerwave,” New Statesman, 7 July 1978.

39 Irving, “On Contemporary History,” p. 273.

40 Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 10 (also in the preface to the 1991 edition).

41 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 29.

42 Neal Ascherson, “The Battle May Be Over–But the War Goes On,” The Observer, 16 April 2000, p. 19.

43 See, for example, Paul Madden, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Epoch: An Annotated Bibliography of English-Language Works on the Origins, Nature and Structure of the Nazi State (Lanham, Md., 1998), which runs to over seven hundred pages just on the literature in English.

44 Robert Harris, Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries (London, 1986), pp. 319–26; Audiocassette 75, side 1, 300–370 (speech at 1983 International Revisionist Conference, reprinted as “On Contemporary History,” pp. 251–88).

45 Irving, “On Contemporary History,” pp. 255–56.

46 Audiocassette 75, side 1, 300–370. The German historian Eberhard Jäckel had earlier accepted some other forgeries from the same collection as genuine; his discovery that they were not was what led to his doubts about the diaries (Harris, Selling Hitler).

47 Harris, Selling Hitler, pp. 339, 344.

48 Ibid., p. 359.

49 “David Irving on Freedom of Speech,” 28 October 1992.

50 Videotape 206: New Zealand television interview with Irving on the “Holmes Show,” 4 June 1993, at 7 mins. 15 secs.

51 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 7.

52 “Speech by David Irving to a packed hall in the Primrose Hotel, Toronto, 1 November 1992.” Transcript on Irving’s Focal Point website.

53 Sebastian Borger, “Herrn Irvings Erzählungen,” Format: Das Magazin für Politik (Vienna), 17 January 2000.

54 Michael Horsnell, “False Witness,” The Times, sec. 2, 12 April 2000, p. 3. For the Institute of Historical Review, see chapter 4.

55 Anne Sebba, “Irrational debates,” The Times Higher Education Supplement, 7 January 2000, p. 16.

56 John Mason, “Writer’s Action Raises Thorny Questions,” Financial Times (Early Edition), 12 January 2000, p. 6.

57 Martin Mears, “You’re Free to Say Anything I Want,” The Times (Legal), 15 February 2000, p. 12.

58 Peter Millar, “Why I Spoke Up for David Irving,” Sunday Times (News Review), 19 March 2000, p. 6.

59 “Corrections and Clarifications,” The Guardian, 15 April 2000, p. 19 (referring to a report on page 4, 12 April).

60 Joseph Sobran, “Labels and Libels,” Sobran’s: The Real News of the Month, posted on Irving’s website http://www.fpp.co.uk, on 6 April 2000.

61 Donald Cameron Watt, “History Still Needs Its David Irvings,” London Evening Standard, 11 April 2000, p. 13.

62 Fiachra Gibbons, “Author with No Publisher and Few Funds Landed with £2.5m Bill,” The Guardian, (Early Edition) 12 April 2000, p. 5.

63 Neil Tweedie, “Irving Libel Trial,” Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, pp. 4–5.

64 “The Defeat of the Denier,” p. 12.

65 Michael Horsnell, “False Witness,” The Times, sec. 2, 12 April 2000, p. 3.

66 Stuart Nicolson, “Beliefs Turned Historian into International Pariah,” The Scotsman, 12 January 2000, p. 2.

67 Jonathan Freedland, “The History Men,” The Guardian, 1 March 2000.

68 Jürgen Krönig, “Ehrgeiz und Lügen,” Die Zeit, 5 April 2000.

69 Ulrike Herrmann, “Einer der übelsten Schmutzfinken der Zunft,” Die Tageszeitung, 12 April 2000.

70 Paul Spicker, in The Guardian, 14 April 2000, p. 23.

71 Robert Treichler, “Herrn Irvings Attacke,” Profil (Vienna), 17 January 2000.

72 Jost Nolte, “Der falsche Saubermann,” Berliner Morgenpost, 19 January 2000; Wolfgang Benz, “Ehrgeiz und Eitelkeit,” Die Welt (Berlin), 12 April 2000.

73 Jonathan Freedland, “Let’s Close the Book,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 21.

74 Correspondence on Irving’s website http://www.fpp.co.uk.

75 Videotape 190: Irving at Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, at 1 hr. 48 mins. 40 secs. to 1 hr. 50 mins. 50 secs.

76 These were two historians who emphasized Hitler’s role in leading and co-ordinating the policies of the Third Reich: see Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, Nationalsozialistische Aussenpolitik (Frankfurt am Main, 1968), and Andreas Hillgruber, Hitlers Strategie, Politik und Kriegführung 1940–1941 (Frankfurt am Main, 1965).

77 Audiocassette 88: Irving press conference in Brisbane, Queensland, 20 March 1986, side 2, no. 107–26.

78 Alan Hamilton, “Academic Buccaneer vs Bookish Schoolmaster,” The Times, 12 January 2000, p. 3.

79 Helen McCabe, “Irving Sues over Holocaust Claim,” Courier Mail (Brisbane), 12 January 2000, p. 19.

80 Sarah Lyall, “At War Over the Holocaust,” International Herald Tribune, 12 January 2000, p. 5.

81 Ralf Sottscheck, “Verhandelt wird der Holocaust,” Die Tageszeitung, (Berlin), 16 March 2000.

82 Jost Nolte, “Der falsche Saubermann,” Berliner Morgenpost, 19 January 2000.

83 Caroline Fetscher, “Der Leichenrechner,” Der Tagesspiegel (Berlin), 12 February 2000; Reinhart Häcker, “Niederlage für einen Unbelehrbaren,” Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 12 April 2000.

84 Caroline Fetscher, “Irvings Wendeltreppe,” Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten, 4 March 2000.

85 Werner Birkenmaier, “Historie und Holocaust,” Stuttgarter Zeitung, 13 March 2000.

86 Walter Reich, “Look Again: This London Trial Is Not About the Holocaust,” International Herald Tribune, 20 January 2000, p. 8.

87 Werner Birkenmaier, “Wahrheit vor Gericht,” Stuttgarter Zeitung, 12 April 2000; Reinhart Häcker, “Niederlage.”

88 David Cesarani, “Irving Exposed as a Liar with No Interest in Pursuit of Truth,” The Irish Times, 12 April 2000, p. 16.

89 Clare Dyer, “Judging history,” The Guardian, 1 April 2000 (G2), p. 10.

90 Sarah Lyall, “Historian Called Pro-Hitler Loses Libel Suit,” International Herald Tribune, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

91 See in particular his Opening Statement at the trial.

92 John Mason, “Irving Branded a Racist and Active Holocaust Denier,” Financial Times (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 3.

93 Petra Steinberger, “Der Fälscher,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 12 April 2000; Andrew Buncombe, “Judge Dismantles Author’s Distorted View of History,” The Independent (Early Edition), 12 April 2000; Freedland, “Let’s Close the Book.”

94 Neal Ascherson, “In dubio pro Hitler? Süddeutsche Zeitung, 29 January 200.

95 Ian Burrell, “Irving Finds Himself on Trial in His Holocaust Libel Case,” The Independent, 4 March 2000, p. 10.

CHAPTER TWO

1 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. xvi.

2 David Irving, “Nachwort,” in Paul Rassinier, Die Jahrhundert-Provokation: Wie Deutschland in den Zweiten Weltkrieg getrieben wurde (Tübingen, 1989), pp. 345–50, here pp. 347–48.

3 Richard Overy, War and Economy in the ‘Third Reich’ (Oxford, 1994); Klaus Hildebrand, Vom Reich zum Weltreich: Hitler, NSDAP und koloniale Frage 1919–1945 (Munich, 1960); Gerhard Hirschfield (ed.), The Policies of Genocide (London, 1986).

4 Hugh Trevor-Roper, “Hitler: Does History Offer a Defence?” The Sunday Times, 12 June 1977.

5 Gordon A. Craig, The Germans (London, 1982), pp. 72–75.

6 Robert Harris, Selling Hitler: The Story of the Hitler Diaries (London, 1986), pp. 188–89.

7 Sydnor, “The Selling,” pp. 171–72.

8 Lukács, The Hitler of History, p. 26.

9 Broszat, “Hitler und die Genesis,” pp. 190–94.

10 Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler, p. 232.

11 Guido Knopp (ed., Hitler heute: Gespräch über ein deutsches Trauma (Aschaffenburg, 1979), pp. 70–71; also in Hitler’s War, pp. 423–24.

12 Videotape 189: speech presented in Calgary, 29 September 1991; videotape 226: unedited material from This Week, 28 November 1991, at 1 hr. 36 mins. 40 secs.

13 Audiocassette 88: press conference, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 29 March 1986, side 2, 224–29.

14 Gerhard Botz, Wien vom “Anschluss” zum Krieg (Vienna, 1978), pp. 147, 154, 182, 278; J. Noakes and G. Pridham (eds.), Nazism: A Documentary History (4 vols., Exeter, 1985–99), p. 595; H. Boberach (ed.), Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1944 (Herrsching, 1984), pp. 37–38; Deutschland-Berichte der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SOPADE) (Frankfurt am Main, 1980), vol. 5, pp. 415–28.

15 “Book a Calumny on Victims of Hitler,” Jewish Chronicle, 17 June 1977.

16 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, p. 29.

17 “Book a Calumny on Victims of Hitler,” Jewish Chronicle, 17 June 1977.

18 David Irving, “On Contemporary History and Historiography: Remarks Delivered at the 1983 International Revisionist Conference,” JHR, vol. 5, nos. 2–4 (Winter 1984), pp. 251–88, here pp. 274–75. Also in Audiocassette 75: International Revisionist Conference, September 1983, 307.

19 Irving, “On Contemporary History,” pp. 274–83. (Italics in original)

20 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 13.

21 Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris (London, 1998), pp. 195–219.

22 Irving, Göring: A Biography (New York, 1989), p. 59.

23 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 18.

24 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 14.

25 Irving, Göring, p. 518, footnote reference for p. 55.

26 L. Gruchmann and R. Weber (eds.), Der Hitler-Prozess 1924: Wortlaut der Hauptverhandlung vor dem Volksgericht München I (2 vols. Munich, 1997–98), Vol. 2, pp. 545–46.

27 Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 540–42; G. Franz-Willing, Putsch und Verbotszeit der Hitlerbewegung (Preussich Olendorf, 1977), p. 173.

28 Die Polizeidirektion München an Generalstaatskommissar Kahr, 4.12.1923; reprinted in E. Deuerlein (ed.), Der Hitler Putsch:Bayerische Dokumente zum 8./9. November 1923 (Stuttgart, 1962), p. 465.

29 Gruchmann and Weber (eds.), Der Hitler-Prozess 1924, vol. 2, p. 546.

30 Irving, Goebbels, Mastermind of the “Third Reich” (London, 1996), pp. 46–47.

31 Ibid., pp. 547–48, n. 29.

32 Walther Kiaulehn, Berlin: Schicksal einer Weltstadt (Munich and Berlin, 1958); Paul Weiglin, Unverwüstliches Berlin: Bilderbuch der Reichshauptstadt seit 1919 (Zurich, 1955).

33 A. Heider, “Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro,” in W. Benz, H. Graml, and H. Weiß (eds.), Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1997), p. 427.

34 “Die Juden in der Kriminalität: Ausführungen des Generalleutnants Daluege,” Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro, 20.7.1935; disclosed as part of Irving’s third supplementary list of documents, 51 (A).

35 Daluege’s subsequent career led to his execution in 1947 for war crimes: F. Wilhelm, Die Polizei im NS-Staat (Paderborn, 1997), p. 198; C. Browning, Ganz normale Männer (Reinbek b. Hamburg, 1996), pp. 45–46.

36 “Die Juden in der Kriminalität,” Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro, 20.7.1935; disclosed as part of Irving’s third supplementary list of documents, 51 (A).

37 Statistik über die Gefangenenanstalten der Justizverwaltung in Preußen für das Rechnungsjahr 1925 (Berlin, 1928).

38 BA Berlin, Film 14768, K. Daluege, manuscript for article “Judenfrage als Grundsatz,” Der Angriff, 3.8.1935.

39 Kriminalstatistik für das Jahr 1932, Bearbeitet im Reichsjustizministerium und im Statistischen Reichsamt (Berlin, 1935), p. 112.

40 Bericht des Obersten Parteigerichts an den Ministerpräsidenten Generalfeldmarschall Göring, 13.2.1939, Der Prozess, vol. 32, ND 3063-PS.

41 Irving, Goebbels, p. 275.

42 Müller an alle Stapostellen und Stapoleitstellen, 9 November 1938, in Der Prozess, vol. 25, pp. 337–38, ND 374-PS.

43 A. Seeger, “Vom bayerischen “Systembeamten’ zum Chef der Gestapo,” in G. Paul and K.-M. Mallmann (eds.), Die Gestapo (Darmstadt, 1995), pp. 255–68.

44 Der Spiegel, 29 (1993), p. 128.

45 Heydrich an alle Staatspolizeileit- und Staatspolizeistellen, an alle SD-Oberabschnitte und SD-Unterabschnitte, 10.11.1938, 1 Uhr 20, in Der Prozess, vol. 31, ND 3051-PS, pp. 515–18.

46 Der Prozess, vol. 42, pp. 510–12; ibid., vol. 21, p. 392; IfZ ZS 526: Vernehmung des Luitpold Schallermeier, 23.6.1947; IfZ ZS 317/II: Karl Wolff, 22.3.1948.

47 Der Prozess, vol. 21, p. 392; IfZ ZS 317/11: Karl Wolff, 22.3.1948.

48 Irving, Goebbels, pp. 274, 276, 281, 613 n. 43; The War Path, (London, 1978) pp. 164–65 and notes.

49 Irving, Goebbels, p. 613 n. 38.

50 Ibid., p. 276. The footnote referred mistakenly to Nuremberg Document 3052-PS instead of 3051-PS.

51 Ibid., p. 277.

52 Ibid.; similarly, The War Path, p. 165.

53 IfZ/ZS 137, Ministries Division, Research Section, no date; BA Berlin, Film 55270: Vernehmung von Julius Schaub, 7.12.1946; BA Berlin, BDC, personal file Julius Schaub; IfZ/ZS 137: Vernehmung von Julius Schaub durch Dr. Kempner, 12.3.1947.

54 IfZ/ED 100/203.

55 GTB I/6, pp. 180–81. The Shock-troop had been created in 1923 as a personal paramilitary bodyguard for Hitler (W. Benz et al. [eds.], Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus [Munich, 1997], p. 718).

56 Irving, Goebbels, p. 277.

57 Nicolaus von Below, Als Hitlers Adjutant (Mainz, 1980), p. 136.

58 Third supplementary list of documents, 51 (a), interview of 18 May 1968.

59 Irving, The War Path, p. 165.

60 Irving, Goebbels, p. 277, ellipses in the original.

61 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., introduction.

62 Third supplementary list of documents, 51 (a), Wiedemann papers.

63 Bericht des Obersten Parteigerichts an den Ministerpräsidenten Generalfeldmarschall Göring vom 13.2.1938, in Der Prozess, vol. 32, ND 3063-PS. The words “had better believe it,’ müssten dran glauben, contained a clearer threat of violence in German than a literal translation could easily convey in English.

64 GTB I/6, p. 181.

65 Ibid.

66 Irving, “On Contemporary History,” pp. 275–76.

67 BA Berlin, BDC file 240/I: Fernschreiben an alle Gauleitungen, 10.11.1938, 2.56 Uhr.

68 Irving, Goebbels, p. 281.

69 Ulrich von Hassell, Vom anderen Deutschland: Aus den nachgelassenen Tagebüchem 1938–1944 (Zurich, 1947), p. 43.

70 Hassell, Vom anderen Deutschland, p. 39.

71 GTB I/6, p. 181.

72 Ibid., p. 182.

73 Ibid.

74 Videotape 199: Irving interviewed by Kurt Franz on the serialization of the Goebbels diaries, CBC Newsworld, 10 July 1992.

75 Videotape 200: Irving, “The Search for Truth in History–Banned!” 1993.

76 Irving, Goebbels, p. 278.

77 IfZ, G 01/71: SD-Unterabschnitt Wien an den SD-Führer des SS-Oberabschnittes Donau, 10.11.1938; IfZ, G 01/91: Der SD-Führer des SS-Oberabschnittes Donau an das Sicherheitshauptsamt, 21.11.1938; Rundruf des Deutschen Nachrichtenbüros in Berlin vom 10. November nachmittags, in W.-A. Kropat, “Reichskristallnacht” (Wiesbaden, 1997), p. 233.

78 Irving, Goebbels, p. 277.

79 Ibid., p. 281.

80 Mitteilung der Obersten SA-Führung, cited in: BA Berlin, BDC file 240/II, Der Führer der Gruppe Kurpfalz, 19.12.1938.

81 Reichsministerium der Justiz an Generalstaatsanwalt Hamburg, 19.11.1938, cited in L. Gruchmann, Justiz im Dritten Reich: 1933–1940 (Munich, 1990), pp. 487–88.

82 Der Oberste Parteirichter an Hermann Göring, 13.2.1939; in Der Prozess, vol. 32, ND 3063-PS.

83 Ibid. One of the fourteen cases involved a sex offense against a Jewish woman. In this case, the perpetrators were taken into police custody and probably sent to a concentration camp.

84 Ingrid Weckert, “Die Gaswagen,” in E. Gauss (ed.), Grundlagen zur Zeitgeschichte (Tübingen, 1994), http://www.codoh.com/inter/intgrweckert.html.

85 I. Weckert, “ ‘Crystal Night’ 1938: The Great Anti-German Spectacle,” JHR, vol. 6 (1985), pp. 183–206, disclosed in Irving’s third supplemental Discovery list, with pencil lines in the margin.

86 Ingrid Weckert (alias Hugo Rauschke), “Zweimal Dachau,” Sleipnir, vol. 3, no. 2 (1997), pp. 14–27.

87 http://www.who.org

88 I. Weckert, “Die Reichskristallnacht–2. Folge,” Güttinger Briefe, Mãrz-April 1979, and Irving to Weckert, 3 June 1979, both in third supplementary Discovery list.

89 Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Schriften, Entscheidung 4651 (V), 16 June 1994, in Bundesanzeiger 120 (30 June 1994); see also Entscheidung 3823, 30 April 1988.

90 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 148, footnote.

91 Weckert, “ ‘Crystal Night’ 1938,” in third supplementary Discovery list, marked with pencil in the margins, presumably by Irving.

92 Helmut Heiber, “Der Fall Grünspan,” VfZG, vol. 5 (1957), pp. 134–72.

93 Irving, Göring, p. 237; idem, Goebbels, p. 276.

94 Irving, Goebbels, p. 276.

95 I. Weckert, “ ‘Crystal Night,’ “ p. 190.

96 Heydrich to Göring, 11.11.1938, in Der Prozess, vol. 32, ND 3058-PS.

97 Deutschland-Berichte der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SOPADE), vol. 5 (1938), p. 1, 187.

98 S. Rohde, “Die Zerstörung der Synagogen unter dem Nationalsozialismus,” in A. Herzig and I. Lorenz (eds.), Verdrängung und Vermichtung der Juden unter dem Nationalsozialismus (Hamburg, 1992), pp. 153–72, here p. 170.

99 Der Prozess, vol. 38, ND 1816-PS, p. 508; Stenographische Niederschrift von einem Teil der Besprechung über die Judenfrage unter Vorsitz von Feldmarschall Göring im RLM am 12. November 1938.

100 A. Barkai, “Schicksalsjahr 1938,” in W. Pehle (ed.), Der Judenpogrom 1938 (Frankfurt am Main, 1988), pp. 94–117, here pp. 96 and 113.

CHAPTER THREE

1 U. Herbert (ed.), Nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspolitik 1939–1945: Neue Forschungen und Kontroversen (Frankfurt am Main, 1998); H. Krausnick and H. H. Wilhelm, Die Truppe des Weltanschauungskrieges (Stuttgart, 1981).

2 GTB II/1, 20 August 1941.

3 Himmler to Greiser, 18 September 1941, in P. Longerich (ed.), Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden (Munich, 1990), p. 157; H. Safrian, Die Eichmann-Männer (Vienna, 1993), pp. 124, 134.

4 Christian Gerlach, Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord (Hamburg, 1998); Christopher Browning, The Path to Genocide (Cambridge, 1992); idem, Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers (Cambridge, 2000).

5 GTB II/1, p. 19.

6 Irving, Goebbels, p. 377.

7 W. Jochmann (ed.), Monologe im Führerhauptquartier 1941–44. Die Aufzeichnungen Heinrich Heims (Hamburg, 1980), pp. 106–8.

8 I. Sagel-Grande, H. H. Fuchs and C. F. Rüter (eds.), Justiz und NS-Verbrechen-Sammlung deutscher Strafurteile wegen nationalsozialistischer Tötungsverbrechen 1945–66, Vol. XX (Amsterdam, 1979), No. 570, p. 113; F. Baade et al. (eds.), “Unsere Ehre heisst die Treue”: Kriegstagebuch des Kommandostabes RFSS, Tätigkeitsberichte der 1. und 2. SS-Kave.- Brigade und von Sonderkommandos der SS (Vienna, 1965), pp. 227–9.

9 Irving even claimed that this word meant “a childish kind of spook,” confusing it, deliberately I thought, with Schreckgespenst, which was not the word Hitler used (Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 24; also TS 17/1, pp. 174–75).

10 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 427.

11 H. Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s Table Talk, trans. N. Cameron and R. H. Stevens (London, 1953), pp. 87–92.

12 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 23; Discovery doc. 2040: François Genoud to Irving, 4 November 1977.

13 Irving, “On Contemporary History,” p. 281.

14 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 23; see also Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 427.

15 Irving, Goebbels, p. 379. Ellipses in the original.

16 Ibid.

17 GTB II/2 (Munich, 1996), pp. 340–41, diary entry for 22.11.1941.

18 Irving, Goebbels, pp. 379 and 645, endnote 39.

19 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 37.

20 GTB II/2 (Munich, 1996), pp. 169, 309, diary entries for 24.10.1941, 18.11.1941.

21 IfZ, Sammlung Irving; reprinted in P. Longerich (ed.), Die Ermordung der europäischen Juden (Munich and Zurich, 1989), p. 76. Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae, the bacillus that caused cholera, in 1884.

22 A. Hillgruber, “Die ‘Endlösung’ und das deutsche Ostimperium als Kernstücke des rassenideologischen Programms des Nationalsozialismus,” in VfZG, vol. 20 (1972), pp. 133–53, here p. 142.

23 GTB II/1, p. 269.

24 Jochmann (ed.), Monologe, pp. 99, 131.

25 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 332. Italics in original.

26 Peter Witte et al. (eds.), Der Dienstkalender Heinrich Himmlers 1941/42 (Hamburg, 1999).

27 Witte et al. (eds.), Der Dienstkalender, p. 278.

28 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. xiv.

29 W. Gruner, Judenverfolgung in Berlin 1933–1945 (Berlin, 1996); Y. Arad et al. (eds.), The Einsatzgruppen Reports (New York, 1989), p. 280; Institut für Zeitgeschichte Gh 02 47/3, Urteil des Schwurgerichts Hamburg in der Strafsache gegen J. und andere (50), 9/72, vom 23.2.1973.

30 Broszat, “Hitler” (Vf ZG), p. 760; Trevor-Roper, “Hitler,” The Sunday Times, 12 June 1977.

31 Eberhard Jäckel, “Hitler und der Mord an den europäischen Juden: Widerlegung einer absurden These,” in Peter Märthesheimer and Ivo Frenzel (eds.), Im Kreuzfeuer: Der Fernsehfilm Holocaust. Eine Nation ist betroffen (Frankfurt am Main, 1979), pp. 151–62, here pp. 153–54; Broszat, “Hitler,” (VfZG), p. 761.

32 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 16.

33 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 427: “a trainload of Berlin’s Jews.”

34 Irving, Goebbels, p. 379.

35 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. xiv. My italics.

36 Irving persisted in trying to sustain this ‘theory’ during the trial itself. (TS 17/2, pp. 104-106)

37 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 18; Keith Brace, “Secret Memo Clears Hitler–Irving,” The Birmingham Post, 9 March 1978; and Daniel W. Michaels, “Nuremberg: Woe to the Vanquished,” review of Irving’s Nuremberg, JHR, vol. 17, no. 1 (1998), p. 46, citing the memorandum again.

38 Cited in Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 14, and Irving, Goebbels, p. 388.

39 Irving, “On Contemporary History” (speech presented at the Institute of Historical Review, 1983); audiocassette 199: speech presented in Toronto, 13 August 1988; videotape 186: speech presented in Moers, 5 March 1990; videotape 220: speech presented in Tampa, Florida, 6 October 1995; all quoted in defendants’ Closing Statements, 5 (i) g.

40 BA Berlin R3001/52.

41 Office of U.S. Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Staff Evidence Analysis, 22 June 1946; third supplementary Discovery list, 51 (b).

42 E. Jäckel, “Noch einmal: Irving, Hitler und der Judenmord,” in Märthesheimer and Frenzel (eds.), Im Kreuzfeuer, pp. 163–66; N. Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart: Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany (London, 1996), p. 171; P. Hoffmann, “Hitler’s Good Right Arm,” New York Times, 28 May 1989.

43 Dr. R. Kempner to Elke Fröhlich, 10.6.1972; third supplementary Discovery list, 51 (b).

44 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 464; also TS 19/1, p. 183; TS 20/1, p. 20.

45 BA Berlin, 99 US 58013: Besprechungsniederschrift der Besprechung über die Endlösung der Judenfrage, 6.3.1942, ND: NG-2586.

46 BA Berlin R 22/52, Bl. 155: Schlegelberger to Lammers, 12.3.1942.

47 Ibid., Bl. 156: Lammers to Schlegelberger, 18.3.1942; ibid., Bl. 157: Schlegelberger to Klopfer et al., 5.4.1942.

48 E. Jäckel, “Noch einmal,” p. 165.

49 Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart; J. Noakes, “Nazi Policy Towards German-Jewish ‘Mischlinge,’ “ Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, vol. 34 (1989), pp. 291–354, here p. 354.

50 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 18; David Irving, press release, 6.3.1978, third supplementary Discovery list.

51 TS 19/1, p. 177; Hoffmann, “Hitler’s Good Right Arm.”

52 BA Berlin, R 22/1238, Bl. 286: Der Reichsminister der Justiz an den Oberreichsanwalt beim Volksgerichtshof, die OLG Präsidenten, die Generalstaatsanwälte, 16.4.1942.

53 BA R 22/4062, Bl. 35a–37: Besprechung mit Reichsführer SS Himmler am 18.9.1942 in seinem Feldquartier; N. Wachsmann, “ ‘Annihilation through Labor’: The Killing of State Prisoners in the Third Reich,” Journal of Modern History, vol. 71 (1999), pp. 624–59, here pp. 637, 650.

54 Eberhard Jäckel, “Der Zettel mit dem schlimmen Wort,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 22 June 1978; also idem, “Noch einmal.”

55 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 392.

56 GTB II/3, p. 561.

57 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., pp. 464–65.

58 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 392.

59 GTB II/3, pp. 578–583.

60 Ibid., p. 513.

61 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 464–65.

62 Himmler to Berger, 28.7.1942; third supplementary Discovery list 51 (b).

63 D. Pohl, “Die Ermordung der Juden im Generalgovernement,” Herbert (ed.), Nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspolitk, pp. 98–121, here pp. 98–99.

64 I. Arndt and W. Scheffler, “Organisierter Massenmord an Juden in Nationalsozialistischen Vernichtungslagern,” VfZ vol. 24 (1976), pp. 105–35.

65 BA Berlin, NS 19/1447, Bl. 78–89, here Bl. 85: Vortrag beim Führer, Wehrwolf, 22.9.1942.

66 Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 28.

67 Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung. Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung (Munich, 1998), p. 510; Himmler note, 9.10.1942, in third supplementary Discovery list, 51 (b).

68 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 467.

69 Note from Sztójay to the German Foreign Office, 2.12.1942; reprinted in R. Braham (ed.), The Destruction of Hungarian Jewry, vol. 1 (New York, 1963), doc. 86.

70 IMT, vol. 10, pp. 231, 244.

71 A. Hillgruber (ed.), Staatsmänner und Diplomaten bei Hitler, vol. 2 (Frankfurt am Main, 1970), p. 256.

72 IMT, vol. 22, pp. 605–6.

73 Hillgruber (ed.), Staatsmänner, vol. 2, pp. 256–57.

74 GTB II/8, p. 236.

75 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 872; also 1991 ed., pp. 541–42.

76 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 509; idem, “Hitler and the Jews,” The Spectator, 30 September 1978 (correspondence column).

77 R. Ainsztein, Jewish Resistance in Nazi-occupied Europe (London, 1974), pp. 624–25; E. Jäckel, P. Longerich, and J. Schoeps (eds.), Enzyklopädie des Holocaust, vol. 3 (Munich, 1995), p. 1,555; R. Ainsztein, The Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (New York, 1979), pp. 97–99.

78 Hillgruber (ed.), Staatsmänner, vol. 2, p. 245.

79 R. Hilberg, Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden, (Frankfurt am Main, 1990), Vol. 2, pp. 779–785.

80 Jagow to Foreign Office, 2 June 1943, reprinted in Braham (ed.), Destruction, doc. 107.

81 Cited in Braham, Politics, p. 391.

82 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991 ed., p. 590.

83 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 575; Reply to the Defence of the Second Defendant, p. 15, paragraph 17 (h).

84 Hans-Jürgen Döscher, Das Auswärtige Amt im Dritten Reich. Diplomatie im Schatten der ‘Endlösung’ (Munich, 1987), pp. 310–11; Christopher Browning, The Final Solution and the Foreign Office (New York, 1978), pp. 174–75; Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York, 1961), pp. 350–55.

85 Führer Order of 10 September 1943 in Akten zur deutschen Auswärtigen Politik, Serie E: 1941–45, vol. 6, 1 May–30 September, 1943 (Göttingen, 1979), pp. 533–34.

86 Meir Michaelis, Mussolini and the Jews: German-Italian Relations and the Jewish Question in Italy, 1922–1945 (Oxford, 1978), p. 352; Robert Katz, Black Sabbath: A Journey through a Crime Against Humanity (London, 1969), p. 48; M. Tagliacozzo, “La Comunit di Roma sotto l’incubo della svastica. La grande razzia del 16 ottobre 1943,” Gli ebrei in Italia durante il fascismo, iii (Quaderni del Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Communità) (Milan, 1963), p. 9.

87 Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 353; Katz, Black Sabbath, p. 49.

88 Katz, Black Sabbath, p. 54; Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 354.

89 NG–2652-H: von Thadden to missions abroad, 12 October 1943, enclosing the RSHA circular dated 23 September 1943; Hilberg, Destruction, p. 427.

90 NG–2271, order by General Nehring, forwarded to Rahn, 6 December 1942; NG–2099, Rahn to Foreign Office, 6 December 1942.

91 Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 355; Katz, Black Sabbath, pp. 60–62.

92 Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 362; Katz, Black Sabbath, pp. 117–18 and 125–29.

93 NG–5027, Moellhausen to Ribbentrop, 6 October 1943. (Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 364-6)

94 Moellhausen to Ribbentrop, 7 October 1943, (PRO) GFM 33/147/ 123599. (Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 363)

95 Irving, doc. 97, NG–5027, Sonnleithner to Ribbentrop’s Office, 9 October, 1943; similarly, NG–5027, von Thadden to Moellhausen, 9 October 1943. (Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 363-6)

96 NG–5027 as cited by Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 364.

97 IfZ NO–2427 (17–18 October, 1943), as cited in Michaelis, Mussolini, p. 367; Susan Zuccotti, The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescue and Survival (London, 1987), p. 117, n. 43. Danuta Czech, Auschwitz Chronicle 1939–1945 (London, 1990), p. 512; L. Picciotto Fargion, “Italien,” in Wolfgang Benz (ed.), Dimensionen des Völkermords, Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (Munich, 1991), pp. 199–228, here p. 220.

98 Katz, Black Sabbath, pp. 275–79, 293–94, 341–45.

99 Fargion, “Italien,” p. 204.

100 NG–5026, Inland II (signed Wagner) via Hencke to Ribbentrop, 4 December 1943; NG–5026, Hilger via Steengrach and Hencke to Inland II, 9 December 1943.

101 E. Kogon et al. (eds.), Nationalsozialistische Massentötungen durch Giftgas (Frnakfurt am Main, 1986), p. 23.

102 Helmut Krausnick et al., Anatomy of the SS State (London, 1973), p. 227.

103 Hans Marsálek, Die Geschichte des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen: Dokumentation (Vienna, 1980), pp. 39–41.

104 Paragraph 30 in the Defence of the Second Defendant.

105 Discovery document: newspaper clipping from The Sunday Times, 10 July 1977, Gitta Sereny and Lewis Chester, “Mr. Irving’s Hitler–the $1,000 Question.”

106 Discovery document, letter from Irving to Harold Evans, The Sunday Times, 14 September 1977.

107 Discovery document in Irving’s Discovery to the court consisted of the voluminous correspondence generated by Irving in response to this devastating attack on his integrity as a historian, including a complaint by him to the Press Council.

CHAPTER FOUR

1 Walter Laqueur, The Terrible Secret: Suppression of the Truth about Hitler’s “Final Solution” (London, 1980), p. 7; Geoff Eley, “Holocaust History,” London Review of Books, 3–17 March, 1982, pp. 6–9; Richard J. Evans, In Hitler’s Shadow: West German Historians and the Attempt to Escape from the Nazi Past (New York, 1989), p. 142; preface by Eberhard Jäckel to Eberhard Jäckel, Peter Longerich, and Julius H. Schoeps (eds.), Enzyklopädie des Holocaust: Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der Europäischen Juden, 3 vols. (Berlin, 1993), vol. 1, p. xviii.

2 Michael R. Marrus, The Holocaust in History (London, 1989), p. 1.

3 Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy (London, 1986), p. 18; Ronnie S. Landau, The Nazi Holocaust (London, 1982), p. 3.

4 Vera Laska, Nazism, Resistance and Holocaust in World War II: A Bibliography (Metuchen, N.J., 1985), p. xvii.

5 Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust, chapter 2.

6 Austin J. App, A Straight Look at the ‘Third Reich’: Hitler and National Socialism, How Right? How Wrong? (Tacoma Park, Md., 1974), pp. 5, 18–20; and idem, The Six Million Swindle: Blackmailing the German People for Hard Marks with Fabricated Corpses (Tacoma Park, Md., 1973), pp. 2, 29.

7 Butz, The Hoax of the Twentieth Century (Brighton, 1977 ed.), pp. 30, 36–37, 49, 58–59, 69–73, 100–105, 131, 173, 198, 203–5, 246–50.

8 Robert Faurisson, Mémoire en Défense, contre ceux qui m’accusent de falsifier l’histoire: La question des chambres à gaz (Paris, 1980); Le Matin, 16 November 1978, interview with Faurisson; report of the trial in Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 15, no. 4 (October 1981), pp. 51–55. Faurisson was influenced by Rassinier: Paul Rassinier, Debunking the Genocide Myth (Torrance, Calif., 1978).

9 Wilhelm Staeglich, Der Auschwitz-Mythos. Legende oder Wirklichkeit (Tübingen, 1979); Armin Pfahl-Traghber, “Die Apologeten der “Auschwitz-Lüge”–Bedeutung und Entwicklung der Holocaust-Leugnung im Rechtsextremismus,” Jahrbuch Extremismus und Demokratie, Vol. 8 (1996), pp. 75–101, esp. pp. 86–87. Hermann Graml, “Alte und neue Apologeten Hitlers,” in Wolfgang Benz (ed.), Rechtsextremismus in Deutschland: Voraussetzungen, Zusammenhänge, Wirkungen (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), pp. 63–92, here 81–83.

10 Roger Eatwell, “How to Revise History (and Influence People?), Neo-Fascist Style,” in Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson, and Michalina Vaughan, (eds.) The Far Right in Western and Eastern Europe (London, 1995), pp. 309–26, here p. 311. The element of diversity in Holocaust denial was also noted by Kenneth S. Stern, Holocaust Denial (New York, 1993), pp. 8–9.

11 Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Assassins of Memory: Essays on the Denial of the Holocaust (New York, 1992), pp. 18–23 (originally published in 1980).

12 (Yisrael Gutman), “Die Auschwitz-Lüge,” in Jäckel et al. (eds.), Enzyklopädie, vol. I, pp. 121–27, here pp. 121–24.

13 Pfahl-Traghber, “Die Apologeten,” pp. 75–77, esp. pp. 75–77.

14 Pierre Vidal-Naquet and Limor Yagil, Holocaust Denial in France: Analysis of a Unique Phenomenon (Tel Aviv, 1995).

15 Gill Seidel, The Holocaust Denial: Antisemitism, Racism and the New Right (Leeds, 1986).

16 Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes/Bundesministerium für Unterricht und Kunst, Amoklauf gegen die Wirklichkeit. NS-Verbrechen und “revisionistische” Geschichtsschreibung (Vienna, 1991); similarly (a–c only), the recent study by Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman, Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? (Berkeley, 2000).

17 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, p. 11.

18 Ibid., pp. 10–11.

19 Ibid., p. 4.

20 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., pp. xiv–xv.

21 Vidal-Naquet, Assassins, pp. 89, 124; Seidel, The Holocaust Denial, p. 121.

22 Stern, Holocaust Denial, p. 31.

23 Lipstadt, Denying, pp. 157–58; Shermer and Groban, Denying, pp. 65–67.

24 “David Irving’s 1988 Testimony at the Trial of Ernst Zündel,” on Irving’s website http://www.fpp.co.uk: “Documents on the Auschwitz controversy,”, pp. 30, 82–83, 138.

25 Videotape 207: NDR (North German Radio) 3, documentary, “Juden wurden nicht vergast,” German verion of a Danish program by Jens Olaf Jersild, screened on 9 May 1993, at 38 min. 25 secs.; also videotape 189: speech presented in Calgary, 29 September 1991.

26 Audiocassette 89: Terry Lane, ABC 3LO Radio, interview with Irving, 18 March 1986.

27 “David Irving’s 1988 Testimony,” p. 12.

28 Videotape 223: Irving interviewed on Australian Channel 7, 1 October 1996, 3 mins. 25 secs.

29 “David Irving’s 1988 Testimony,” pp. 16, 151, 93.

30 Irving, Nuremberg: The Last Battle (London, 1996), p. 352 n. 13.

31 Videotape 200: “The Search for Truth in History,” cited in Nigel Jackson, The Case for David Irving (Sidgwick, Australia, 1992), p. 88. Jackson described Irving as “one of the greatest historians ever to have written in English” (p. 95); videotape 190: Latvian Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1990–“50,000 people were killed in Auschwitz . . . the number is too high . . . nearly all of the deaths were due to disease” (from 55 mins. 30 secs.); audiocassette 108: speech presented to the Free Speech League, Victoria, British Columbia, 27 October 1990, no. 507)–40,000 killed at Auschwitz in three years; videotape 200: “The Search for Truth in History” (1993)–100,000 deaths from all causes, “25,000 people murdered in Auschwitz in three years” (from 1 hr. 13 mins. 15 secs.). The variation in the figures was typical of Irving’s indifference to statistical accuracy.

32 Videotape 200: “The Search for Truth in History,” 1993, at 1 hr. 12 mins.

33 Videotape 190: Irving at Latvian Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1992, from 1 hr. 7 mins. 15 secs.

34 Irving, “Battleship Auschwitz,” JHR, vol. 10, no. 4.

35 See Irving, “Auschwitz and the Typhus Plague in Poland. More Preview Pages from David Irving’s New Biography, Churchill’s War, Vol. II,” posted on Irving’s Focal Point website, seen 12 February 1999: see also F. H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations (Cambridge, 1979–84), vol. 2, appendix, p. 673: “The returns from Auschwitz, the largest of the camps with 20,000 prisoners, mentioned illness as the main cause of death, but included references to shootings and hangings. There were no references in the decrypts to gassing.”

36 Richard Breitman, Official Secrets: What the Nazis Planned, What the British and Americans Knew (London, 1998), p. 115.

37 Discovery document 1,350. (also doc. 1,349). Hinsley added that he thought it highly unlikely that the original transcripts had been retained.

38 Irving, Nuremberg: The Last Battle (London, 1996), p. 341 n. 12.

39 Ibid., p. 62.

40 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, pp. 5–6.

41 Irving, Nuremberg, pp. 24–25, 353.

42 Videotape 200: 1 hr. 15 mins. 40 secs.; also Videotape 184: Leuchter Report Press Conference, 23 June 1989, at 19 mins. 40 secs.

43 Rassinier, Debunking, p. 214; Butz, The Hoax, p. 242.

44 “David Irving on the Eichmann and Goebbels Papers: Speech at Los Angeles, California, October 11, 1992” (11th Conference of the Institute for Historical Review, transcript on Irving’s Focal Point website).

45 David Irving, “Revelations from Goebbels’s Diary,” JHR, vol. 15, no. 1 (1995), 2–17, here p. 15.

46 “David Irving’s 1988 Testimony,” pp. 86, 132, 141.

47 “David Irving on the Eichmann and Goebbels Papers” (opening sentence of section: “Eichmann on Höss”).

48 “David Irving on Freedom of Speech,” 28 October, 1992.

49 “Speech by David Irving to a Packed Hall in the Primrose Hotel, Toronto, November 1, 1992.” Transcript from Irving’s Focal Point website.

50 Videotape 206: “Holmes Show,” New Zealand television, 4 June 1993, at 6 mins. 25 secs.

51 Jackson, The Case for David Irving, p. 89.

52 See, for example, Gilbert, The Holocaust; Marrus, The Holocaust in History; Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews, etc.

53 Ron Casey interview with David Irving, 27 July 1995, Station 2GB, Media Monitors (Sydney etc.), Broadcast transcript S36962003.

54 Audiocassette 86, Irving, “Censorship of History,” lecture in Runnymede, Australia, 18 March 1986, 270–291.

55 Wolfgang Sofsky, Die Ordnung des Terrors. Das Konzentrationslager, 2nd ed. (Frankfurt am Main, 1997), pp. 237–45; also videotape 180: Toronto 1989.

56 Videotape 232: “Speech to the Canadian Association for Free Expression, Carlton Inn, Toronto,” from 20 mins. 25 secs. to 20 mins. 55 secs.

57 Audiocassette 93: Irving, “The Manipulation of History,” Toronto, 1 November 1986, 528–32.

58 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, p. 3.

59 Ibid., pp. 5–6.

60 David Irving’s 1988 testimony at the trial of Ernst Zündel, pp. 99–100.

61 Audiocassette 114, Irving, “The Worldwide Anti-Irving Lobby and the Eichmann ‘Memoir,’” speech at the 11th International Revisionist Conference, October 1992, 420–430.

62 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, pp. 5–6.

63 Ibid.

64 Gabriel Weimann and Conrad Winn, Hate on Trial: The Zündel Affair, the Media, and Public Opinion in Canada (New York, 1986); Shelly Shapiro (ed.), Truth Prevails: Demolishing Holocaust Denial: The End of “The Leuchter Report” (New York, 1990); David Irving, foreword to Auschwitz: The End of the Line: The Leuchter Report (London, 1989); Shermer and Grobman, Denying History, pp. 64–67, 123–67.

65 Jackson, The Case for David Irving, pp. 75–79.

66 Robert Faurisson, “The Problem of the Gas Chambers,” JHR, Summer 1980; Robert Faurisson, foreword to The Leuchter Report: The End of a Myth: An Engineering Report on the Alleged Execution Gas Chambers at Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek, Poland (American edition, 1988).

67 Expert witness reports by Professor Robert Jan Van Pelt, Professor Christopher Browning, and Professor Peter Longerich; see also Shelly Shapiro (ed.), Truth Prevails: Demolishing Holocaust Denial: The End of “The Leuchter Report” (New York, 1990).

68 TS 24/1, pp. 74–75.

69 Only one witness at Nuremberg claimed to have seen bodies in the gas chambers; they may have been moved there temporarily from the adjacent crematorium, which was used for executions (Barbara Distel and Ruth Jakusch [eds.], Concentration Camp Dachau 1933–1945 [Munich, 1989]).

70 Videotape 186: Irving in Moers, 5 March 1990, at 4 mins. 45 secs.

71 David Irving, “Revelations from Goebbels’s Diary,” JHR, vol. 15, no. 1 (1995), pp. 2–17, here p. 15.

72 BBC2: “Journey to the Far Right” (20 March 1999).

73 Videotape 184: Leuchter Report Press Conference, 23 June 1989, at 57 mins. 30 secs.

74 Videotape 186: Irving in Moers, 5 March 1990, from 31 mins. 30 secs. and again at 1 hr. 17 mins. 45 secs.

75 Videotape 190, “German reunificaiton and other topics,” Latvian Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1990, at 1 hr. 1 min. 50 secs.

76 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, p. 3.

77 Audiocassette 88: Irving press conference, Brisbane, 20 March 1986, 445–58. In the phrase “this is what they find very repugnant,” ‘they’ presumably, as usual in Irving’s speeches, referred to the Jews, or to historians working in some sense or some capacity on their behalf.

78 Audiocassette 99: Irving speech in Toronto, August 1988 (private house), side 1, 727–54.

79 For these statements, see “David Irving’s 1988 testimony,” pp. 45–46, 88.

80 Ibid., pp. 3, 71; for Eichmann’s 1961 statement, see Noakes and Pridham (eds.), Nazism, doc. 850, p. 1,135.

81 Ibid., pp. 95–98.

82 Rassinier, Debunking, p. 288.

83 App, The Six Million Swindle, pp. 7–8, repeating arguments first advanced in App, Morgenthau Era Letters, 2nd ed. (Tacoma Park, Md., 1975), p. 101 (first ed., 1965).

84 Irving, The Search for Truth in History, as summarized by Jackson, The Case for David Irving, p. 79; Discovery document, doc. 1,211: “Auschwitz–the end of the line”; Irving, “Deutsche Historiker–Lügner und Feiglinge, Rede vor der deutschen Presse in Berlin am 3. Oktober 1989,” Historische Tatsachen, vol. 42 (1990), pp. 37–40; Irving, “Battleship Auschwitz,” JHR, vol. 10, no. 4, 1990; Discovery document, doc. 1,697: Irving to Slater, 15 November 1993.

85 Videotape 200: Irving, “The Search for Truth in History,” 1993, at 1 hr. 14 mins. 55 secs. The document was supplied to Irving by a researcher working for Ernst Zündel (audiocassette 99: Irving in Toronto, 13 August 1988, 465–660).

86 David Irving, “Auschwitz, and the Typhus Plague in Poland. More Preview Pages from David Irving’s New Biography, Churchill’s War, vol. ii. A Sneak Preview,” posted on Irving’s Internet site, checked 12 February 1999.

87 PRO, FO 371/30917, C 7853, telegram no. 2831, Berne to Foreign Office, quoted in Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, (London, 1981)p. 57.

88 Ibid., p. 58.

89 PRO FO 371/30917, D. Allen, minute, 10 September 1942, quoted in Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, p. 60.

90 PRO, FO 371/3455, Roger Allen, minute, 27 August 1943.

91 PRO, FO 371/3455, Cavendish-Bentinck, minute, 27 August 1943.

92 PRO, FO 371/3455, Telegram, Foreign Office to Washington, 27 August 1943.

93 PRO, FO 371/3455, Department of State Confidential Release, 28 August 1943.

94 Reply to Defence of Second Defendant, pp. 5, 6, and 7.

95 Jackson, The Case for David Irving, pp. 83, 86.

96 CODE, no. 5 1990, p. 55. CODE (Conföderation organisch denkender Europäer, “Confederation of organically-thinking Europeans’).

97 “David Irving’s 1988 testimony,” pp. 136–37.

98 Noakes and Pridham, Nazism, vol. 3, pp. 1,155–1,156, gave a maximum figure of 70.

99 Videotape 190: “German reunification and other topics,” Latvian Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1990, at 45 mins. 30 secs. To 48 mins. 35 secs.

100 Videotape 189: Irving speech at Travelport Airport Inn, Calgary, Alberta, 29 Sept. 1991.

101 Videotape 190: Irving Speech at the Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, at 2 hrs. 19 mins. 19 secs. To 2 hrs. 20 mins. 40 secs. Irving’s reference was to an accident in which Senator Edward Kennedy’s car had plunged off a bridge at Chapppaquidick Island, Massachusettes into a river below; the senator had escaped, but a young woman seated in the back had died.

102 Videotape 220 (Tampa, Florida, 6 October 1995); and Videotape 186 (Moers, 5 March 1990).

103 Videotape 220: “David Irving, Historian, in Tampa, Florida,” 6 October 1995, from 22 mins. 40 secs.

104 Videotape 225: “Cover Story” on Australian television program “Sunday,” 4 March 1997, at 2 mins. 15 secs..

105 Seidel, The Holocaust Denial, p. 39.

106 Videotape 200: “The Search for Truth in History–Banned!”, 1993, at 20 mins.

107 Videotape 190: Irving Speech at the Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, from 2 hrs. 28 mins. 30 secs.

108 “History’s Cache and Carry,” The Guardian, 7 July 1992.

109 Rassinier, Debunking, p. 309.

110 App, The Six Million Swindle, p. 2.

111 Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust, p. 57; Y. Gutman et al. (eds.), Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (New York, 1990), pp. 1,255–1,259.

112 “Speech by David Irving to a packed hall in the Primrose Hotel, Toronto, November 1, 1992.” Transcript on Irving’s Focal Point website.

113 Videotape 226: unedited material from This Week, 28 November 1991, 1 hr. 30 mins. 15 secs. To 1 hr. 31 mins. 15 secs.

114 Jackson, The Case for David Irving, p. 85.

115 Transcript of first half of David Irving’s talk to the Clarendon Club in London, 19 September 1992 (Focal Point website); also audiocassette 159 (same speech), “self-appointed, ugly, greasy, nasty, perverted representatives of that community (i.e. Jews) in Britain.”

116 Videotape 190: Irving Speech at the Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, at 2 hrs. 44 mins.

117 Speech at the Clarendon Club, Town Hall, Bromley, 29 May 1992, at 43 mins. 20 secs.

118 Extract from Irving’s “A Radical’s Diary,” 13–14 April 1998, on Irving’s Focal Point website.

119 See App, A Straight Look, p. 18, for alleged Jewish control of the media; Butz, Hoax, p. 87, for an alleged Jewish world conspiracy to persuade the world of the reality of the Holocaust.

120 Videotape 190: Irving Speech at the Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, from 2 hrs. 10 mins. 30 secs.

121 Audiocassette 127: “Irving in Oakland, California (Berkeley Free Speech Coalition),” 10 September 1996, 403–8.

122 Videotape 220: “David Irving, Historian, in Tampa, Florida;” 6 October 1995, from c. 23 mins.

123 Videotape 190: “German reunificaiton and other topics,” Latvain Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1990, at 19 mins. 19 secs.

124 Videotape 225: “Cover Story” on Australian television program “Sunday,” 4 March 1997, Irving interviewed in Key West, Florida (33 mins. 10 secs.). Audiocassette 90: Irving in Christchurch, New Zealand, 26 March 1986; Magnus Brechtken, “Madagascar für die Juden”: Antisemitische Idee und politische Praxis (Munich, 1997); Peter Longerich, Politik der Vernichtung: Eine Gesamtdarstellung der nationalsozialistischen Judenverfolgung (Munich, 1998), pp. 273–89.

125 Printed in Spotlight, magazine of the Liberty Lobby, Washington D.C.; Lipstadt, Denying, pp. 150–51.

126 Friedrich Paul Berg, “The Diesel Gas Chambers: Myth Within a Myth,” JHR, vol. 5, no. 1 (Spring 1984), pp. 15–46.

127 Carlo Mattogno, “The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews,” JHR, vol. 8 (1988), pp. 133–72, 261–302.

128 Carl O. Nordling, “How Many Jews Died in the German Concentration Camps?,” JHR, vol. 11, no. 3 (1991), pp. 335–44.

129 Friedrich Paul Berg, “Typhus and the Jews,” JHR, vol. 8 (1988), pp. 433–81, here p. 462.

130 Enrique Aynat, “Neither Trace Nor Proof: The Seven Auschwitz ‘Gassing’ Sites,” JHR, vol. 11, no. 2 (1991), pp. 177–206.

131 JHR, vol. 12, no. 4 (1992–93).

132 E.g., vol. 11, nos. 1 and 2 (1991), vol. 10, no. 3 (1990), etc.

133 Michael A. Hoffmann II, “The Psychology and Epistemology of ‘Holocaust’ Newspeak,” JHR, vol. 6, no. 4 (1985–86) pp. 267–78, here p. 478.

134 Irving, “A Radical’s Diary,” Focal Point, 8 March 1982, p. 13.

135 See N. Fielding, The National Front (London, 1980), for the general background. Irving’s note in a version of his diary entry published in Focal Point in 1982, that the Institute for Historical Review was run at that time by a man calling himself Lewis Brandon, strongly suggested that he was aware of Brandon’s true identity and background (Irving, “A Radical’s Diary,” p. 13).

136 Statement of Record and Letter of Apology to Mel Mermelstein, signed by G. G. Baumen, Attorney for the Legion for the Survival of Freedom, the Institute for Historical Review, the Noontide Press, and Elisabeth Carto, and Mark F. von Esch, Attorney for the Liberty Lobby and Willis Carto, 24 July 1985.

137 “Record and Mission of the Institute for Historical Review,” JHR, vol. 15, no. 5 (1995), pp. 18–21, here p. 19.

138 Letter to subscribers enclosed with August 1995 issue of the journal. See also Shermer and Grobman, Denying History, pp. 43–46, 72–74.

139 Institute for Historical Review: Endorsements, February 1994 (website publication, on http://www.ihr.org/top/endorsements.html).

140 Kate Taylor (ed.), Holocaust Denial: The David Irving Trial and International Revisionism (London, 2000), pp. 90–91.

141 Mark Weber, “From the Editor,” JHR, vol. 13, no. 1 (1993), p. 3.

142 Ibid., vol. 10, no. 4 (1990–91), pp. 389–416, 417–38 (by Irving); vol. 9, no. 3 (1989), pp. 261–86 (also by Irving, on Churchill); vol. 13, no. 1 (1993), pp. 4–19 (three articles, one by, two about, Irving); vol. 13, no. 2 (1993), pp. 14–25 (by Irving), and vol. 15, no. 1 (1995), pp. 2–23 (two articles by Irving).

143 The title of the leaflet is: Who Reads the Journal of Historical Review? Copy in the Wiener Library, London.

144 Journal of Historical Review, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 1.

145 Discovery Document 145: Irving to Weber, 4 June 1992, for an example.

146 Audiocassette 158: “David Irving speaks to NPD audience in Munich, 12 May 1991.”

147 James Bacque, Other Losses: An Investigation into the Mass Deaths of German Prisoners of War at the Hands of the French and Americans After World War II (London, 1990), and Günter Bischof and Stephen E. Ambrose (eds.), Eisenhower and the German PoWs: Facts against Falsehood (London, 1992).

148 Günter Bischof, Dewey A. Browder et al., “Fact or Fiction? The Historical Profession and James Bacque,” roundtable discussion at the German Studies Association, Salt Lake City, 9 October 1998, reported in Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington, vol. 23 (Fall 1998), pp. 19–21.

149 David Irving, “On Contemporary History,” pp. 273–74; Robert Faurisson, “A Challenge to David Irving,” JHR, vol. 5, nos. 2–4 (Winter 1984), pp. 288–305, here p. 305.

150 See “David Irving on the Eichmann and Goebbels Papers,” question-and-answer session. Irving referred to subsequent criticism from Faurisson as “occasional sniping” and chose to emphasize their shared “intellectual crusade.” See Robert Faurisson, “On David Irving,” Adelaide Institute, vol. 43 (August 1996), p. 1, and the letter from Irving to Faurisson, 29 January 1997, in Irving’s supplementary Discovery list.

151 Videotape 190: Irving Speech at the Bayerischer Hof, Milton, Ontario, 5 October 1991, at 1 hr. 20 mins.

152 Irving, Nürnberg: die letzte Schlacht (Tübingen, 1996), pp. 313–21; Faurisson, “How the British Obtained the Confessions of Rudolf Höss,” JHR, vol. 7, no. 4 (Winter 1986–87), pp. 389–403, both reporting, for example, that Höss, the commandant of Auschwitz, knew no English, although his memoirs proved in fact that he did.

153 Videotape 220: “David Irving, Historian, in Tampa, Florida,” 6 October 1995, at beginning of tape.

154 David Irving, “Revelations from Goebbels’s Diary,” Journal of Historical Review, vol. 15, no. 1 (1995), pp. 2–17, here p. 15.

155 Ron H. Rosenbaum, Explaining Hitler. The Search for the Origins of His Evil (London, 1998), p. 234.

156 Ibid., p. 233.

157 Ibid., p. 223; and Norman Stone, “Failing to Find the Führer,” The Sunday Times, 12 July 1998.

158 Videotape 189. See also the extensive discussions of Irving’s denial in Shermer and Grobman, Denying History, esp. pp. 48–58, 203–8.

CHAPTER FIVE

1 Rudolf Förster, “Dresden,” in Marlene P. Hiller, Eberhard Jäckel, and Jürgen Rohwer (eds.), Städte im 2. Weltkrieg. Ein internationaler Vergleich (Essen, 1991), pp. 299–315, here pp. 302–5.

2 C. Webster and N. Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany, 4 vols. (London, 1961); Richard Overy, Why the Allies Won (London, 1995), chapter 4.

3 Geoffrey Best, Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflicts, 2nd ed. (Bristol, 1983), pp. 262–85; Reiner Pommerin, “Zur Einsicht bomben? Die Zerstörung Dresdens in der Luftkrieg-Strategie des Zweiten Weltkriegs,” in Reiner Pommerin (ed.), Dresden unterem Hakenkreuz (Cologne, 1998), pp. 227–45.

4 Overy, Why the Allies Won, pp. 106, 132; Best, Humanity, p. 268; Pommerin, “Zur Einsicht,” pp. 241–43.

5 Michael S. Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (New Haven/London, 1987), pp. 260–61.

6 William Kimber ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1963) (two impressions); William Kimber ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1964) (third impression); Corgi ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1966) (revised and updated edition); Corgi ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1971) (reissue); Elmfield ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (Morely, 1974); Futura ed.: The Destruction of Dresden, (London, 1980); Papermac ed.: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1985); Focal Point ed.: Apocalypse 1945: The Destruction of Dresden (London, 1995) (“thoroughly revised and expanded on the basis of material available since 1963”). German editions: Sigbert Mohn ed.: Der Untergang Dresdens (Gütersloh, 1964); Rowohlt Verlag ed.: Der Untergang Dresdens (Reinbeck, 1967); Heyne Allgemeine Reihe ed.: Der Untergang Dresdens 1977 (five editions by 1985); Ullstein ed.: Der Untergang Dresdens (Frankfurt am Main, 1985).

7 Corgi ed., 1966, pp. 200–201; Focal Point ed., pp. 208–9.

8 Corgi ed., 1966, pp. 212–13; Focal Point ed., pp. 223–24.

9 Georg Feydt, in Ziviler Luftschutz, 1953, quoted in Götz Bergander, Dresden im Luftkrieg. Vorgeschichte–Zerstörung–Folgen (Cologne, 1977, 2nd ed., 1985), p. 153.

10 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 225.

11 Discovery document 142, newspaper clipping from the Daily Sketch, 29 April 1963.

12 Irving’s microfilmed Dresden materials (hereinafter DJ), DJ 10: Voight to Irving, 6 September 1962, enclosing comments on Irving’s draft.

13 Focal Point ed., p. 242.

14 Walter Weidauer, Inferno Dresden: öber Lügen und Legenden um die Aktion ‘Donnerschlag’ (East Berlin, 1965, 2nd ed. 1966), p. 131- 2.

15 Max Seydewitz, Zerstörung und Wiederaufbau von Dresden (East Berlin, 1955). Seydewitz was Dresden’s mayor at the time of publication.

16 Kimber ed., 1963, p. 207.

17 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 280.

18 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 280.

19 DJ 10, New information on death toll in Allied air raids on Dresden 1945, introduction, dated November 1964, p. 7. In 1995 Irving claimed that by 1965 he had seen two other copies of TB 47, one of which had been shown to the playwright Rolf Hochhuth. Although Irving claimed that the original had not been found, he also described Hochhuth’s copy as a “typed original with several handwritten corrections.” Hochhuth’s copy was sent to him by Dankwart Guratzsch as a result of an article in the German illustrated Der Stern. Guratzsch had found it among the papers of his father, who in turn may have received it from one of his students, a Dresden policeman. Indeed, Guratzsch described his copy as “a typed copy, with many, partly hand-written, corrections.” But what he sent Hochhuth was a copy typed by Guratzsch himself: DJ 10, Dankwart Guratzsch to Rolf Hochhuth, 3 July 1965; Rolf Hochhuth to Irving, 10 September 1965; DJ 35, “Further Information on Tagesbefehl Extracted from My Day Book.”

20 DJ 10, “New Information,” p. 7. Hahn was also named as Irving’s source for the “forged’ TB 47 in a letter from Weidauer. See DJ 35, Walter Weidauer to Irving, 21 November 1966. Given the scarcity of photocopying equipment in East Germany at this time, the likelihood was that Hahn transcribed Funfack’s copy by hand. If he had photographed it, presumably he would have said so.

21 DJ 10, “New Information,” p. 8.

22 Ibid.

23 Discovery document 154, Irving to Donald McLahlan, 26 November 1965.

24 Discovery document 155, Irving to Dr. Dieter Struss, 28 November 1965, comment written in pencil replacing in type “correctness of the information.”

25 DJ 12, Irving to the provost of Coventry Cathedral, 6 December 1964.

26 Discovery document 159, Irving to Schuller, Stern, 27 January 1965.

27 Discovery document 165, Irving to Calabi, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 19 March 1965.

28 DJ 35, Die Welt der Literatur, 10 December 1964; similarly, DJ12: Irving to the provost of Coventry Cathedral, 6 December 1964.

29 DJ 35, Max Funfack to Irving, 19 January 1965. Partially reproduced as a plate in Weidauer, Inferno Dresden, p. 133.

30 DJ 35, Dr. Dieter Struss, “Umstrittener Tagesbefehl,” reader’s letter in Die Welt, 12 February 1965, p. 10. The first German edition had appeared on 10 September 1964 under Sigbert Mohn’s imprint, too early to include details of TB 47. See DJ 12, “Schlimmer als Hiroshima” in Rheinische Post, 9 September 1964.

31 DJ 35, Irving “Die Totenziffern von Dresden,” reader’s letter to Die Welt, 12 February 1965, p. 10.

32 DJ 12, draft, “Two Questions on Dresden” for The Sunday Telegraph, February 1965, 15 pp., p. 9; Irving’s underlining.

33 Discovery document 167, Irving to Dr. Noble Frankland, 28 May 1965.

34 DJ 12 Draft, “Bombing Dresden’ for The Observer, 7 March 1965; Reader’s letter from Irving, “Death-roll in Dresden,” The Observer, 14 March 1965.

35 Rolf-Dieter Müller and Gerd R. Ueberschär, Kriegsende 1945: Die Zerstörung des Deutschen Reiches (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), p. 39.

36 DJ 12, R. H. S. Crossman, “Apocalypse at Dresden,” Esquire, November 1963, pp. 149–54, p. 152.

37 Weidauer, Inferno, pp. 111–12.

38 Document 67 in Erhard Klöss (ed.), Der Luftkrieg über Deutschland 1939–1945. Deutsche Berichte und Pressestimmen des neutralen Auslands (Munich, 1963). pp. 260–62.

39 Doc. 69, in ibid., p. 265.

40 Discovery document 164, Order of the Day, 22 March 1945, p. 4; Corgi ed. 1966, pp. 259–60, appendix IV.

41 R. A. C. Parker, Struggle for Survival: The History of the Second World War (Oxford and New York, 1989), p. 167.

42 Discovery document 155, Irving to Dieter Struss, 28 November 1964.

43 Corgi ed., 1966, pp. 221–22; Focal Point ed., pp. 234–36.

44 Focal Point ed., p. 235.

45 Corgi ed., 1966, pp. 222, 260.

46 DJ 12, Irving to Corgi Books, 25 May 1965.

47 DJ 12, “Required Alterations in the Dresden Book,” undated, 21 pp.

48 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 280. My italics.

49 Doc. 157, Irving to Oberst Teske, 1 December 1964.

50 DJ 10, Bundesarchiv to Irving, 13 January 1965; DJ 35, Boberach (Bundesarchiv) to Irving, 13 May 1966.

51 DJ 12, copy of Bundesarchiv to Irving, 13 January 1965, with pen marginalia, stamped as received 15 March 1965.

52 DJ 10, interview with Major Nölke by Stern reporter.

53 DJ 35, Virchow to Sakowsky, 4 February 1965.

54 DJ 35, Stern Hausmitteilung, Gerd Baatz to Sakowski, 6 February 1965, received by Irving 15 March 1965.

55 DJ 10, Irving to Werner Bühlmann, 24 June 1965.

56 DJ 10, Werner Bühlmann to Irving, undated, received 21 July 1965.

57 Heyne ed., 1985, appendix 5, “Aktennotiz zu einem Interview mit Frau Eva Grosse, München, Johanisplatz 14, am 10. Juli 1965 von 21.30 bis 22.30 Uhr in ihrer Wohnung,” pp. 295–97.

58 Heyne ed., 1985, p. 295.

59 Ibid., p. 297.

60 Ibid., p. 296. My italics.

61 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 259. My italics.

62 Focal Point ed., p. 240.

63 DJ 35, Max Funfack to Irving, 19 January 1965.

64 Doc. 160, Irving to Croix-Rouge, Comité International, Geneva, 27.1.65.

65 DJ 35, P. Vibert (International Committee of the Red Cross) to Irving, 4 and 17 February 1965.

66 DJ 35, idem to Irving, 17 February 1965.

67 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 225.

68 DJ 35, Max Funfack to Irving, 19 January 1965.

69 Focal Point ed., p. 266.

70 DJ 35, P. Vibert (International Committee of the Red Cross) to Irving, 17 February 1965; Irving to Walter Kleiner, 20 February 1965.

71 Focal Point ed., p. 298 n. 29.

72 DJ 35, Max Funfack to Irving, 19 March 1965.

73 Ibid.

74 DJ 35, Theo Miller to Irving, 7 February 1965.

75 DJ 35, Theo Miller to Irving, 25 February 1965.

76 Ibid.

77 DJ 35, Theo Miller to Irving, 26 February 1965.

78 The full title of this document was Der Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer Elbe an den Gauen Halle-Merseburg, Sachsen und im Wehrkreis IV–Befehlshaber der Ordnungspolizei, Schlussmeldung über die vier Luftangriffe auf den LS-Ort Dresden am 13., 14. und 15. Februar 1945, signed [Police Colonel Wolfgang] Thierig, Eilenberg, 15 March 1945.

79 Weidauer, Inferno, p. 134.

80 Kimber ed., p. 223.

81 Bergander, Dresden, pp. 164–6.

82 DJ 35, Walter Lange to Irving, 5 April 1966; Irving to Walter Lange, 12 April 1966.

83 DJ 35, Walter Lange to Irving, 27 May 1966.

84 Focal Point ed., p. 299, nns. 36 and 37.

85 DJ 35, Boberach to Irving, 13 May 1966.

86 Bergander, Dresden, p. 164.

87 Ibid., p. 165.

88 DJ 35, Irving to Boberach, 16 May 1966.

89 DJ 35, “The Dresden Air Raids–A Correction,” second draft, 29 June 1966; record of telephone conversation or message, 30 June 1966.

90 Doc. 180, Irving to The Times, 7 July 1966.

91 DJ 35, Irving to The Sunday Telegraph, 7 July 1966.

92 Dresden Updated Materials, Melden E. Smith Jr., “Dresden Revisited: New Perspectives on a Lingering Controversy,” presented to the 1978 Missouri Valley History Conference, p. 5.

93 Doc. 182, Irving to Amy Howlett, 28.8.1966; doc. 183, list of alterations in the text of The Destruction of Dresden; doc. 1870, Irving to Calabi, Arnoldo Mondadori Editori, 28.8.1966.

94 Doc. 185, Irving to Alan Earney, 14 September 1966; doc. 187, Irving to Alan Earney, 16 September 1966.

95 DJ 35, record of telephone conversation with John Moorehead of the Evening Standard, 10:10 A.M., 7 July 1966.

96 DJ 35, Irving to R. H. Haydon, 11 July 1966.

97 DJ 35, Irving to Rudolf Lusar, 11 August 1966.

98 Doc. 184, Calabi to Irving, 9 September 1966. She simply wrote that she could “quite understand” Irving not wanting his letter to The Times to be reprinted.

99 Rowohlt ed., 1967, pp. 210–11, 247–48.

100 Bergander, Dresden, p. 161. There would have been no motive on Ehrlich’s part for removing the zero, and since his copies were made in the police station, any tampering with the text of the original would immediately have come to light. The figure of 25,000 explained the comment in the report that rumors ‘far exceeded’ the reality.

101 Heyne ed., 1985 (and therefore 1977), p. 223.

102 Focal Point ed., pp. 239–40.

103 Discovery document 1833, Irving to the Dresden City Museum, 10.3.1997.

104 Discovery document 1063, Irving to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, 15 February 1985.

105 Focal Point ed., p. 45.

106 Ibid., p. 63.

107 Ibid., p. 244.

108 Ibid., pp. 243, 244.

109 Corgi ed., 1966, vii; Corgi ed., 1971, p. 7.

110 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 83; Focal Point ed., p. 82.

111 Focal Point ed., p. 188; Corgi ed., 1966, p. 185.

112 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 106.

113 Ibid., p. 272.

114 Focal Point ed., p. 104.

115 Ibid., p. 176 and p. 290 n. 12; Heyne ed., 1985, appendix 3, p. 277.

116 Feydt, quoted in Bergander, Dresden, p. 153.

117 Bergander, Dresden, p. 154.

118 Ibid., pp. 155–7.

119 Friedrich Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” in Dresden City Museum (ed.), Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit: Die Zerstörung Dresdens 1945 (Altenburg, 1994), p. 55. Förster also gave the same figure, but allowed for a number of evacuees from the Rhineland, p. 309.

120 Heyne ed., 1985, p. 289.

121 Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” p. 58.

122 Focal Point ed., p. 260.

123 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 213; Focal Point ed., p. 224.

124 Bergander, Dresden, pp. 165–66.

125 Weidauer, Inferno, p. 126.

126 The new material was discovered in the Stadtarchiv Dresden, Marschall und Bestattungsamt, Nachtrag 1 and 5.

127 Corgi ed., 1966, pp. 214–15; Focal Point ed., pp. 225–26.

128 Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” p. 58.

129 Corgi ed., 1966, p. 216; Focal Point ed., pp. 227–28.

130 Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” p. 58.

131 Focal Point ed., p. xiii.

132 Weidauer, Inferno, p. 120.

133 Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” p. 58.

134 Focal Point ed., pp. 272, xiii. My italics.

135 Irving to Richard Crossman, 26 May 1963, PRO, FO 371/169329.

136 Reichert, “Verbrannt bis zur Unkenntlichkeit,” p. 61.

137 Doc. 1340, obituary for William Kimber by Irving, 1 May 1991, published in The Daily Telegraph.

138 Discovery document 1866.

139 Discovery document 143.

140 Focal Point ed., preface.

141 Focal Point ed., p. xiv; doc. 1866, Kimber to Irving, 3 April 1963; doc. 143, Irving to William Kimber, 25 April 1963.

142 Discovery document 143, Irving to William Kimber, 4 April 1963.

143 Discovery document 147, Irving to Sydney Silverman, 2 June 1963.

144 “German Reunification and other topics,” speech at Latvian Hall, Toronto, 8 November 1990, transcript on Irving’s website http://www.fpp.co.uk (see Videotape 190).

145 U. Hohn, Die Zerstörung deutscher Städte im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Dortmund, 1991), p. 119 and p. 208 n. 586; H. Bardua, “Kriegsschäden in Baden-Württemberg 1939–1945,” in Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg (ed.), Historischer Atlas von Baden-Württemberg (Stuttgart, 1975), p. 8; W. A. Boelcke, “Wirtschaft und Sozialsituationen,” in O. Borst (ed.), Das Dritte Reich in Baden und Württemberg (Stuttgart, 1988), pp. 29–45, here p. 40.

146 Focal Point ed., p. viii.

147 For instance, his claim to The Times on 7 July 1966 that he had “no interest in promoting or perpetuating false legends”; Discovery document 180, Irving to The Times, 7 July 1966.

148 Videotape 175: David Irving, “A Return to Honesty and Truth in History,’ Elangani Hotel, Durban, South Africa, 5 March 1986.

149 Videotape 226: unedited material from the “This Week” program, 28 November 1991.

150 Videotape 184: Leuchter Report press conference, London, 23 June 1989. The titles read: “The Truth at Last, Six Million Lies, Focal Point Video.”

151 Videotape 200: Irving, “The Search for Truth in History–Banned!” 1993.

152 Discovery document 1063, Irving to the Süddeutsche Zeitung, 15 February 1985.

153 Discovery document 1064, Irving to The Times, 21.2.1985 (unpublished).

CHAPTER SIX

1 David Robson, “A Game of Hide and Seek with Truth Behind the Barbed Wire,” Daily Express (Early Edition), 18 March 2000, p. 11; Stephen Moss, “History’s Verdict on Holocaust Upheld,” The Guardian, (Early Edition) 12 April 2000, p. 5.

2 Geoffrey Wheatcroft, “Lies and libel,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 18 March 2000, p. 22.

3 Neal Ascherson, “Last Battle of Hitler’s Historians,” The Observer, 16 January 2000, p. 20.

4 Moss, “History’s Verdict,” p. 5, quoting Goldhagen.

5 Peter Longerich, “Wider die deutsche Ignoranz,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 19 April 2000.

6 A. C. Grayling, “The Last Word on History,” The Guardian Saturday Review, 15 January 2000, p. 12.

7 Anne Sebba, “Irrational Debates,” The Times Higher Education Supplement, 7 January 2000, p. 16.

8 Werner Birkenmaier, “Historie und Holocaust,” Stuttgarter Zeitung, 13 March 2000.

9 Ascherson, “Last Battle,” p. 20.

10 Rachel Donnelly, “Irving Tells Court He Expects to Be Arrested in Britain,” The Irish Times (Dublin, Main Edition), 14 January 2000, p. 1; also Simon Rocker, “Trial of Concentration Offers Many Pauses for Thought,” Jewish Chronicle, 21 January 2000, p. 10.

11 Rocker, “Trial of Concentration Offers Many Pauses for Thought,” p. 10.

12 Cal McCrystal, “Court No. 73 Comes to Auschwitz,” London Evening Standard, 11 February 2000, pp. 30–31.

13 Ralf Dahrendorf, “Der Verstand triumphiert,” Die Zeit, 19 April 2000.

14 A Radical’s Diary, 10 February 2000, fpp.co.uk/online/.

15 “Arrogant Irving ‘Has an Inferiority Complex.’ The Best Broadcasts: from Radio 4,” The Guardian (The Editor), 21 April 2000, p. 18.

16 “Irving’s Last Stand,” The Economist, 15–21 January 2000, p. 34.

17 “Irving Faces Extradition to Germany,” Metro London, 14 January 2000, p. 11; “Germans Want to Extradite Me–Irving,” The Birmingham Post, 14 January 2000, p. 7, etc.

18 Neal Ascherson, “In Dubio Pro Hitler,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 29 January 2000.

19 Ralf Sottscheck, “Verhandelt wird der Holocaust: Gerichtlich wehrt sich David Irving dagegen, ein”gefährlicher Holocaust-Verleugner” genannt zu werden. Längst ist er dabei selbst beklagter,” Die Tageszeitung (Berlin), 16 March 2000.

20 Jenny Booth, “Humiliation for Holocaust Sceptic,” The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

21 Dan Jacobson, “The Downfall of David Irving,” The Times Literary Supplement, 21 April 2000, pp. 12–13.

22 TS 10/2, p. 103.

23 Jonathan Freedland, “Court 73–Where History Is on Trial,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 5 February 2000, p. 3.

24 James Dalrymple, “He Says Auschwitz Is a Myth, But He Has Never Set Foot in the Place, Never Seen the Evidence,” The Independent (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 5.

25 Freedland, “Court 73–Where History Is on Trial,” p. 3.

26 Simon Rocker, “Quietly Floored by the Don,” Jewish Chronicle, 14 April 2000, p. 37.

27 Kate Taylor (ed.), Holocaust Denial: The David Irving Trial and International Revisionism (London, 2000), pp. 30–32.

28 Neal Ascherson, “Last Battle of Hitler’s Historians,” The Observer (Early Edition), 16 January 2000, p. 20.

29 Philipp Blom, “Rückkehr zur Realität,” Berliner Zeitung, 12 April 2000.

30 James Dalrymple, “The Curse of Revisionism,” The Independent (Weekend Review), 29 January 2000, p. 4; similarly, Dan Jacobson, “The Downfall of David Irving,” The Times Literary Supplement, 21 April 2000, pp. 12–13.

31 Jacobson, “The Downfall,” pp. 12–13.

32 John Keegan, “The Trial of David Irving–and My Part in His Downfall,” The Daily Telegraph, (Early Edition) 12 April 2000, p. 28.

33 Robert Treichler, “Herrn Irvings Attacke,” Profil (Vienna), 17 January 2000.

34 Eva Menasse, “Entführung ins Detail,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 20 January 2000.

35 TS 17/2, p. 21.

36 TS 16/2, pp. 72–73. For further expressions of the judge’s impatience with Irving’s irrelevant questions, see also TS 10/2, p. 53; TS 15/2, p. 22; TS 15/2, p. 77, TS 15/2, p. 82; TS 15/2 pp. 133; TS 16/2, p. 119.

37 TS 17/2, p. 24.

38 TS 15/2, p. 45.

39 Ibid., pp. 178–79.

40 TS 16/2, p. 134.

41 TS 15/2, pp. 84–85; Irving, Nuremberg, pp. 51, 113, 127, 149–50, 241.

42 TS 21/2, pp. 183–84.

43 TS 15/2, p. 149.

44 Ibid., p. 152.

45 Ibid., p. 191.

46 E.g., TS 16/2, p. 142, one example of many.

47 TS 16/2, p. 144, followed shortly afterwards by a formal ruling that Irving had to move on (p. 145).

48 TS 11/1, p. 16.

49 TS 10/2, pp. 156–57.

50 TS 11/1, p. 89.

51 Gerald Posner, “The World According to David Irving,” The Observer (Early Edition), 19 March 2000, p. 3.

52 TS 7/2, p. 31.

53 TS 15/2, pp. 201–7; TS 31/1, p. 61.

54 TS 20/1, p. 103.

55 TS 16/2, pp. 17–23.

56 Ibid., pp. 50, 58.

57 Ibid., pp. 44–45.

58 TS 31/1, pp. 106, 112.

59 TS 12/1, pp. 162–63.

60 Ibid., pp. 285–91; TS 13/1, pp. 7–10, 29–32.

61 TS 17/2, pp. 54–61.

62 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1977 ed., p. 332.

63 IfZ, Archiv F 37/2, also in Witte et al. (eds.), Der Dienstkalender, p. 280.

64 Irving, Hitler’s War, 1991, p. 427.

65 TS 17/2, pp. 66–72.

66 TS 13/1, pp. 70–74.

67 Operational Situation Report USSR No. 156, 16.1.1942; reprinted in Y. Arad, S. Krakowski, and S. Spector (eds.), The Einsatzgruppen Reports (New York, 1989), pp. 279–83; IfZ Gh 02 47/3, Urteil des Schwurgerichts Hamburg in der Strafsache gegen J. und andere, vom 23.2.1973.

68 Irving, Goebbels, p. 645, n. 42, referring to ND-NO 3257.

69 Ibid., p. 379 and p. 645 n. 42; A. Ezergailis, The Holocaust in Latvia 1941–1944 (Riga, 1996), p. 261.

70 TS 17/2, pp. 35–40.

71 TS 13/1, p. 87. TS 11/1, p. 46.

72 TS 13/1, p. 93.

73 GTB II/2, p. 498, entry for 13.12.1941.

74 TS 7/2, p. 84.

75 TS 13/1, pp. 162–82; TS 17/1, pp. 155–86.

76 Ibid., p. 170.

77 TS 17/2, pp. 167–72; TS 21/2, p. 154.

78 TS 18/1, pp. 50–51.

79 Ibid., p. 58.

80 TS 8/2, pp. 74–81.

81 TS 18/1, p.23.

82 Ibid., p. 35.

83 TS 19/1, p. 121; also TS 20/1, pp. 79–80.

84 TS 15/2, pp. 128–29.

85 Shermer and Grobman, Denying History, p. 55 (with photograph).

86 TS 12/1, pp. 239–41.

87 Taylor (ed.), Holocaust Denial, p. 25.

88 TS 12/1, p. 232.

89 TS 17/1, pp. 110–16.

90 TS 18/1, p. 10.

91 Ibid., pp. 126–27.

92 The Irving Judgment (London, 2000) pp. 167–68, 344–45.

93 TS 24/1, pp. 14, 25.

94 Diary of Anne Frank: The Critical Edition (New York, 1989).

95 TS 15/2, pp. 61–82; Harwood, Did Six Million Really Die? pp. 109–11; Butz, Hoax, p. 37; Faurisson, “Le Journal d’Anne Frank estil authentique?” in S. Thion (ed.), Vérité historique ou vérité politique? (Paris, 1980).

96 TS 15/2, pp. 95–98.

97 TS 15/2, pp. 98–99.

98 Ibid., p. 5.

99 TS 2/1, pp. 80–81.

100 Ibid., pp. 77, 95–98.

101 Irving, Closing Statement, p. 1; TS 15/3, p. 50. The transcript differs from the typed version distributed by Irving at the trial, since Irving extemporized in numerous places, departing slightly from the text, and, more important, cut out a number of passages at the behest of the judge.

102 Irving, Closing Statement, p. 2; TS 15/3, p. 52.

103 Irving, Closing Statement, pp. 10–15; TS 15/3, pp. 66–72.

104 TS 15/3, pp. 117, 131, 184, 209.

105 Ibid., p. 162.

106 Ibid., p. 194 (“I am clearly heard to say ‘You must not,’ because they are shouting the ‘Siegheil’ slogans, Mein Führer, and things like ‘you must not always be thinking of the past’ “); the prepared text merely refers to “the offscreen chanting of slogans’–Closing Statement, p. 91.

107 Emma Klein, “Holocaust Whitewash,” The Tablet, 15 April 2000, p. 508; Rocker, “Quietly Floored,” p. 37.

108 Rela Mintz Geffen, “Friend of Deborah Exits the Court Believing Irving Is One to Beware,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 21 March 2000.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1 Eva Menasse, “Wer nicht gegen mich ist, der ist für mich,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 2 February 2000; A Radical’s Diary, http://www.fpp.co.uk, 15/2, 15 Feb. 2000.

2 A Radical’s Diary, 31/1, 31 Jan. 2000.

3 Irving, Closing Statement, p. 3; TS 15/3, pp. 53–54.

4 Clare Dyer, “Judging history,” The Guardian, 17 April 2000, p. 10.

5 The Irving Judgment, pp. 335–39.

6 Ibid., pp. 298–307, 324–25.

7 Ibid., pp. 338–44.

8 Ibid., pp. 344–46.

9 Ibid., pp. 326, 329–30.

10 Ibid., pp. 346–47.

11 Vikram Dodd, “Irving: Consigned to History as a Racist Liar,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 1.

12 Neal Ascherson, “The Battle May Be Over–But the War Goes On,” The Observer, 16 April 2000, p. 19.

13 Michael Horsnell, “False Witness,” The Times, section 2, 12 April 2000, pp. 3–5.

14 Paul Cheston, “ ‘Nazi’ Author Loses His £2m Libel Battle,” London Evening Standard, 11 April 2000, p. 5; Ian Burrell, “How History Will Judge David Irving,” The Independent (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 1; Dodd, “Irving,” p. 1.

15 Gillian Glover, “Hitler’s Part in My Downfall–or How I Lost a Courtroom War,” The Scotsman, 18 April 2000, p. 14.

16 Vikram Dodd, “Beaten Irving Vows to Fight Attempts to Seize Home,” The Guardian, 15 April 2000.

17 “Beef Tripe: David Irving,” Evening Standard, 14 April 2000, p. 15.

18 Mark Bateman, “Why It Was Worth Taking On Irving,” The Times (Law), 18 April 2000, p. 11.

19 Horsnell, “False Witness,” p. 3.

20 Werner Birkenmaier, “Wahrheit vor Gericht,” Stuttgarter Zeitung, 12 April 2000.

21 Dodd, “Irving,” p. 1; Neil Tweedie, “Advice from Hitler Sends Ally on Road to Defeat,” Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, pp. 4–5.

22 Piachra Gibbons, “Author with No Publisher and Few Funds Landed with £2.5m Bill,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 5.

23 Nick Fielding, “Hunt for Irving’s Backers as Lawyers Seek £2m Costs,” The Sunday Times (Early Edition), 16 April 2000, p. 11.

24 Reinhart Häcker, “Niederlage für einen Unbelehrbaren,” Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, 12 April 2000.

25 Sebastian Borger, “Du sollst nicht leugnen,” Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten, 12 April 2000.

26 “Racist Historian Faces £2m Bill for Libel Defeat,” Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 1.

27 Dan Jacobson, “The Downfall of David Irving,” The Times Literary Supplement, 21 April 2000, pp. 12–13.

28 Lipstadt’s allegation that the German historian Ernst Nolte had taken from Irving the claim that Hitler’s “internment’ of Jews was justified because they were at war with Germany was false: Irving took over the idea from Nolte.

29 “The Right Impression,” Jewish Telegraph (Leeds), 19 April 2000, p. 4.

30 John Waters, “The Greatest Threat to Truth Comes from Denial,” The Irish Times, 17 April 2000, p. 16.

31 “Jewish Leaders Criticise BBC over Irving,” The Herald (Glasgow), 19 April 2000, p. 14.

32 The Irving Judgment, p. 293.

33 Ibid., p. 317.

34 Ibid., p. 327.

35 “A Radical’s Diary,” 11–17 April 2000, http://www.fpp.co.uk.

36 Glover, “Hitler’s Part,” p. 14.

37 Alex O’Connell, Michael Horsnell, and Linus Gergoriardis, “Irving’s Cash Backers Stay in the Shadows,” The Times (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 6.

38 Andrew Roberts, “Irving’s Greatest Triumph,” The Sunday Telegraph (Early Edition), 16 April 2000, p. 32.

39 “Penguin Picks Up Moral Points in Libel Trial,” PR Week, 21 April 2000, p. 6.

40 “Lest We Forget,” Daily Record (Scotland), 13 April 2000, p. 13.

41 Lord Weidenfeld, “Irvings Furor,” Die Welt (Berlin), 17 April 2000.

42 “Letter from London,” “Extracted from the February Smith’s Report,” by Bradley Smith, on http://www.fpp.co.uk. (“What Revisionists Say About the Irving Trial”).

43 Robert Mendick, “Loophole Lets BNP onto Town Council,” Independent on Sunday (Early Edition), 16 April 2000, p. 13.

44 Ernst Zündel, “Extract from His Newsletter,” and “Those Who Choose to Be Their Own Lawyer, Choose a Fool,” by Germar Rudolf, in “What Revisionists Say About the Irving Trial.”

45 Robert Faurisson, “David Irving, at the Moment,” 19 January 2000, in ibid.

46 Duncan Campbell, “Irving Turns to US Fans to Fund His Legal Costs,” The Guardian, 31 May 2000.

47 Leader column, The Guardian, 12 April 2000; similarly, David Cesarani, “The Denial Was Always There,” The Sunday Times (News Review), 16 April 2000, p. 7.

48 “Victory for a Truth Which Must Not Be Forgotten,” The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 17.

49 Tom Bower, “A Brilliant Historian Ruined by a Fatal Flaw.” Daily Mail (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, pp. 6–7.

50 Conor Cruise O’Brien, “This Man Claims This Simply Never Happened,” Irish Independent (Dublin), 15 January 2000, p. 6.

51 Peter Simple, “History,” The Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 21 April 2000, p. 28.

52 Stuart Nicolson, “Beliefs Turned Historian into International Pariah,” The Scotsman, 12 January 2000, p. 2.

53 Tony Judt, “Wahrheit oder Integrität,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 14 April 2000.

54 John Erickson, “A Case of ‘Forensic’ Madness,” The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

55 TS 7/2, p. 4.

56 Ibid., pp. 8–9.

57 John Keegan, “The Trial of David Irving–and My Part in His Downfall,” The Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 28.

58 Craig, The Germans, p. 72.

59 Trevor-Roper, “Hitler.”

60 Sydnor, “The Selling”; Lukács, The Hitler of History.

61 Brendan Glacken, “It’s Never That Simple,” The Irish Times, 17 April 2000, p. 16.

62 TS 20/1, pp. 27, 40.

63 Ibid., pp. 40–41.

64 Donald Cameron Watt, “History Still Needs Its David Irvings,” London Evening Standard, 11 April 2000, p. 13. Watt used the same comparison in conversation with the Austrian journalist Eva Menasse after his appearance in court (Eva Menasse, “Nennt mich pervers,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 24 January 2000).

65 TS 11/1, p. 26.

66 Petra Steinberger, “Der Fälscher,” Süddeutsche Zeitung, 12 April 2000; Klaus Grimberg, “Ein Signal,” Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, 12 April 2000.

67 TS 20/1, p. 49.

68 Ibid., pp. 42–43.

69 Watt, “History,” p. 13. In fact, only one historian was employed on this task, namely myself, and my report dealt with other works of Irving besides his books on Hitler.

70 N. Robinson, “The Irving Debate Simmers On,” The Guardian, 13 April 2000, p. 23.

71 Anne McElvoy, “Unfortunately, Holocaust Denial Will Not End Here,” The Independent (Review), 12 April 2000, p. 3.

72 For a brief discussion, with further references, see Richard J. Evans, In Defence of History (London, 1997), pp. 116–24.

73 Jackson, The Case for David Irving, p. 30.

74 Thomas L. Haskell, “Objectivity Is Not Neutrality: Rhetoric and Practice in Peter Novick’s That Noble Dream,” History and Theory, vol. 29 (1990), pp. 129–57, here p. 132.

75 Quoted in ibid., p. 121.

76 Jäckel, “Noch einmal,” p. 164.

77 John Lukács, “The Price of Defending Hitler,” Newsweek, 24 April 2000, p. 4.

78 Ascherson, “The Battle,” p. 19.

79 Howard Jacobson, “Just Because a Lot of People Agree on Something Doesn’t Mean They’re Right,” The Independent (Review), 15 April 2000, p. 5.

80 “Monitor,” The Independent (Friday Review), 14 April 2000, p. 2.

81 Peter Simple, “History,” p. 28.

82 Magnus Linklater, “This Is the Real Price of David Irving’s Lies: Now Even the Most Honest Holocaust Scholar Risks Being Smeared,” The Times, 13 April 2000, p. 20; endorsed by reader’s letter from Roger Moorhouse, “Holocaust research,” The Times (Early Edition), 22 April 2000, p. 23.

83 Jürgen Krönig, “Ehrgeiz und Lügen,” Die Zeit, 5 April 2000. Krönig’s article contained many distortions in Irving’s favor. He quoted the 1977 edition of Hitler’s War without apparently realizing that Irving’s views on the Holocaust had changed by the time he revised the book in 1991; he mentioned Irving’s admissions of error in court without apparently realizing the damage they did to his case; he cited Hugh Trevor-Roper’s praise of Irving’s energy as a researcher without mentioning the fact that the Oxford historian went on to say that he did not regard Irving as a historian at all, because he used the documents he collected to bolster preconceived and ideologically motivated arguments; and he cited without comment Donald Cameron Watt’s ignorant remark that the works of other historians would probably not be able to withstand the kind of scrutiny to which Irving’s work had been subjected.

84 “Don’t Silence Irving,” Manchester Evening News, 18 April 2000, p. 9.

85 N. Robinson, in “Irving: The Debate Simmers On,” The Guardian, 13 April 2000, p. 23.

86 Bill Abbotts, in “Irving: The Debate Simmers On,” The Guardian, 13 April 2000, p. 23.

87 Linklater, “This Is the Real Price,” p. 20.

88 Ibid.

89 Dieter Ebeling, “Hitlers williger Anwalt,” Berliner Morgenpost, 3 March 2000.

90 Glacken, “It’s Never,” p. 16.

91 Martin Mears, “You’re Free to Say Anything I Want,” The Times (Legal), 15 February 2000, p. 12.

92 David Robson, “The Liar Exposed at Last,” Daily Express, 12 April 2000, p. 11.

93 David Cesarani, “Irving Exposed as a Liar with No Interest in Pursuit of Truth,” The Irish Times, 12 April 2000, p. 16.

94 Horsnell, “False Witness,” p. 3.

95 Jost Nolte, “Irvings Waterloo,” Berliner Morgenpost, 12 April 2000.

96 Thomas Kielinger, “Das Sagbare und das Unsägliche,” Die Welt, 18 April 2000.

97 Anthony Julius and James Libson, “Losing Was Unthinkable. The Rest Is History,” The Independent (Tuesday Review), 18 April 2000, p. 11.

98 Horsnell, “False Witness,” p. 5.

99 “History and Bunk,” The Times (Early Edition), leader, 12 April 2000, p. 23.

100 “The Bad History Man,” Daily Telegraph (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 29. The Telegraph leader was in error, however, when it went on to say that Irving’s defeat had no implications for free speech. Free speech, after all, had been upheld.

101 Leader, Daily Express, 12 April 2000, p. 10 (“Deserved Defeat for Racist Who Denied Nazi History”).

102 Ian Burrell, “How History Will Judge David Irving,” The Independent (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 1.

103 Kielinger, “Das Sagbare.”

104 “The Bad History Man,” p. 29.

105 McElvoy, “Unfortunately,” p. 3.

106 Julius and Libson, “Losing,” p. 11.

107 Mark Bateman, “Why It Was Worth Taking on Irving,” The Times (Law), 18 April 2000, p. 11.

108 Leader, The Independent, 12 January 2000, p. 3.

109 Geoffrey Wheatcroft, “Lies and Libel,” The Guardian (Early Edition), 18 March 2000, p. 22.

110 “The Cost of Free Speech–England’s Libel Laws Are Still Rotten,” The Guardian leader (Early Edition), 13 April 2000, p. 23; similar condemnation in the Daily Post (Wales), 12 April 2000, p. 6.

111 Matt Rees, “Israelis Welcome the Court Decision,” The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

112 Jonathan Freedland, “Let’s Close the Book,” The Guardian, (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 21.

113 David Cesarani, “History on Trial,” The Guardian, 18 January 2000, pp. 1–3.

114 Tim Cole, Images of the Holocaust: The Myth of the ‘Shoah Business’ (London, 1999).

115 “Survivors Welcome Verdict,” Eastern Daily Press, 12 April 2000, p. 8.

116 Katrina Tweedie, “ ‘This man should have spent five minutes in Auschwitz,’ “ The Scotsman, 12 April 2000, p. 4.

117 “Holocaust Seminar,” London Jewish News, 17 March 2000, p. 5.

118 Eve-Ann Prentice, “You Could Smell the Bodies Burning,” The Times (Early Edition), 18 January 2000, p. 34.

119 Jewish Chronicle, 14 April 2000.

120 “The Bad History Man,” Daily Telegraph leader (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 29. The leader also reported Irving’s “failure to persuade the court that he had been defamed” by Lipstadt’s book. In fact, the defense admitted from the outset that the remarks made about Irving in the book were defamatory, and sought–successfully, as it turned out–to justify them on the grounds that they were true.

121 Jan Colley, Cathy Gordon, and John Aston, “ ‘Evil Racist’ Irving Faces Libel Ruin,” The Birmingham Post, 12 April 2000, p. 7.

122 Horsnell, “False Witness,” p. 5.

123 Vikram Dodd, “Irving,” p. 1.

124 Lipstadt, Denying, p. xiii. Unerring in his ability to hit the wrong note, Donald Cameron Watt pushed this line of thought one stage further when he asked: “What happens when the witnesses are all dead, if the reality has not been thrashed out? The truth needs an Irving’s challenge to keep it alive.” (Watt, “History,” p. 13). This assumed that the reality had not been ‘thrashed out,’ and ignored all the research that had been going on in the field for the past thirty years.

125 Freedland, “Let’s Close the Book,” p. 21.

126 Robert Treichler, “Herrn Irvings Attacke,” Profil (Vienna), 17 January 2000.

127 Eva Menasse, “David Irving hat verloren,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 13 April 2000.

128 Thomas Kielinger, “Die Geschichte bewusst verdreht,” Die Welt (Berlin), 12 April 2000.

129 McElvoy, “Unfortunately,” p. 3.

130 “Internationale Reaktionen auf David Irvings verlorenen Prozess,” Die Welt (Berlin), 13 April 2000.

131 James Dalrymple, “He Says Auschwitz Is a Myth, But He Has Never Set Foot in the Place, Never Seen the Evidence,” The Independent (Early Edition), 12 April 2000, p. 5.

132 “Truth’s Sheer Weight,” The Guardian, leader column, 12 April 2000.

133 The Bad History Man,” p. 29.