Notes

Please note that some of the links referenced in this work may no longer be active.

Chapter One: Invasion of the Glow Kids

1. Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari and Mark D. Griffiths, “Altered Visual Perception in Game Transfer Phenomena: An Empirical Self-Report Study,” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 30, no. 2 (2014): 95–105.

2. Kristin Leutwyler, “Tetris Dreams: How and When People See Pieces from the Computer Game in Their Sleep Tells of the Role Dreaming Plays in Learning,” Scientific American, October 16, 2000.

3. A. Leach, “Teen Net Addicts Pee in Bottles to Stay Glued to WoW,” Register (UK), January 19, 2012.

4. Amanda Lenhart et al., “Teens, Video Games and Civics,” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science and Tech, September 16, 2008.

5. Carl Jung, The Collected Works of C.G. Jung (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), 598, 28.

6. Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (Novato, CA: New World Library, 1949).

7. Guangheng Dong, Yanbo Hu, and Xiao Lin, “Reward/Punishment Sensitivities Among Internet Addicts: Implications for Their Addictive Behaviors,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 46 (October 2013): 139–145, doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.007. See also S. Kühn, et al. “The Neural Basis of Video Gaming,” Translational Psychiatry 1 (2011): e53, doi:10.1038/tp.2011.53.

8. M. J. Koepp et al., “Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release During a Video Game,” Nature 393, no. 6682 (May 21, 1998): 266–268. See also Guangheng Dong, Elise E Devito, Xiaoxia Du, and Zhuoya Cui, “Impaired Inhibitory Control in ‘Internet Addiction Disorder’: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study,” Psychiatry Research 203, nos. 2–3 (September 2012): 153–158, doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.001.

9. Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari and Mark D. Griffiths, “Game Transfer Phenomena and Its Associated Factors: An Explanatory Empirical Online Survey Study,” Computers in Human Behavior 51 (2015): 195–202.

10. Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari and Mark D. Griffiths, “Automatic Mental Processes, Automatic Actions and Behaviours in Game Transfer Phenomena: An Empirical Self-Report Study Using Online Forum Data,” International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 12, no. 4 (August 2014): 432–445.

11. U. Nitzan, E. Shoshan, S. Lev-Ran, and S. Fennig, “Internet-RELATED Psychosis—a Sign of the Times,” Israeli Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 48, no. 3 (2011): 207–211.

12. Joel Gold and Ian Gold, Suspicious Minds: How Culture Shapes Madness (New York: Free Press, 2014).

13. Tony Dokoupil, “Is the Internet Making Us Crazy? What the New Research Says,” Newsweek, July 9, 2012.

14. H. Takeuchi et al., “Impact of Videogame Play on the Brain’s Microstructural Properties: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses,” Molecular Psychiatry, advance online publication (January 5, 2016), http:/dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.193 (accessed February 29, 2016).

15. Perry Klass, “Fixated by Screens, but Seemingly Nothing Else,” New York Times, May 9, 2011.

16. American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Communications and Media, “Media Violence,” Pediatrics 124 (November 2009): 5.

17. Andrew Careaga, “Internet Usage May Signify Depression,” Missouri University of Science & Technology, May 22, 2012.

18. Eddie Makuch, “Minecraft Passes 100 Million Registered Users, 14.3 Million Sales on PC,” Gamespot, February 26, 2014.

19. Mary Fischer, “Manic Nation: Dr. Peter Whybrow says We’re Addicted to Stress,” Pacific Standard, June 19, 2012.

20. Lisa Guernsey, “An ‘Educational’ Video Game Has Taken Over My House,” Slate, August 6, 2012.

21. Victoria Dunckley, “Electronic Screen Syndrome: An Unrecognized Disorder?” Psychology Today, July 23, 2012.

22. Leslie Alderman, “Does Technology Cause ADHD?” Everyday Health, August 3, 2010.

23. Carlo Rotella, “No Child Left Untableted,” New York Times, September 12, 2013.

24. Michele Molnar, “News Corp. Sells Amplify to Joel Klein, Other Executives,” Education Week, October 7, 2015.

25. Jason Russell, “How Video Games Can Transform Education,” Washington Examiner, April 30, 2015.

26. Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods (New York: Workman Publishing, 2005).

27. Edward O. Wilson, Biophilia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).

28. Susan Lang, “A Room With a View Helps Rural Children Deal With Stresses, Cornell Researchers Report,” Cornell Chronicle, April 24, 2003.

29. David Mitchell, “Nature Deficit Disorder,” Waldorf Library: Research Bulletin 11, no. 2 (Spring 2006).

30. Ibid.

31. Lowell Monke, “Video Games: A Critical Analysis,” ENCOUNTER: Education for Meaning and Social Justice 22, no. 3 (Autumn 2009): 1–13, www.allianceforchildhood.org/sites/allianceforchildhood.org/files/file/MONKE223.pdf.

32. NickelsandCrimes, “The Oregon Trail,” YouTube video, 4:45, September 2, 2007, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ht8GWOwdc30.

33. Michael Kneissle, “Research into Changes in Brain Formation,” Waldorf Library, http://www.waldorflibrary.org/images/stories/Journal_Articles/RB2206.pdf.

34. Tim Carmody, “‘What’s Wrong with Education Cannot Be Fixed by Technology’—The Other Steve Jobs,” Wired, January, 17, 2012.

35. Amy Fleming, “Screen Time v Play Time: What Tech Leaders Won’t Let Their Own Kids Do,” Guardian, May 23, 2015.

36. Lori Woellhaf, “Do Young Children Need Computers?” The Montessori Society, http://www.montessorisociety.org.uk/article/do-young-children-need-computers.

37. Ibid.

38. Marcia Mikulak, The Children of A Bambara Village, 1991.

39. Elisabeth Grunelius et al., “The Sensible Child,” Online Waldorf Library no. 56 (Spring/Summer 2009).

40. Ibid.

Chapter Two: Brave New e-World

1. Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death (New York: Penguin, 1985).

2. Neil Postman, The Disappearance of Childhood (New York: Random House, 1982).

3. Gary Cross, Men to Boys (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010).

4. Mark Banschick, “Our Avoidant Boys,” Psychology Today, September 7, 2012.

5. Plato, Phaedrus.

6. Doug Hyun Han, Sun Mi Kim, Sujin Bae, Perry F. Renshaw, Jeffrey S. Anderson, “Brain Connectivity and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder,” Addiction Biology (2015), doi: 10.1111/adb.12347.

7. Matthew Ebbatson, “The Loss of Manual Flying Skills in Pilots of Highly Automated Airliners,” doctoral thesis, Cranfield University, 2009.

8. Katherine Woolett and Eleanor Maguire, “Aquiring ‘the Knowledge’ of London’s Layout Drives Structural Brain Changes,” Current Biology 21, no. 24-2 (December 20, 2011): 2109–2114.

Chapter Three: Digital Drugs and the Brain

1. Hunter Hoffman et al., “Virtual Reality as an Adjunctive Non-Pharmacologic Analgesic for Acute Burn Pain During Medical Procedures,” Annals of Behavioral Medicine, January 25, 2011, doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9248-7.

2. M. J. Koepp et al., “Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release during a Video Game,” Nature 393, no. 6682 (May 21, 1998): 266–268.

3. “The Genetics of Addiction,” Addictions and Recovery.org, http://www.addictionsandrecovery.org/is-addiction-a-disease.htm.

4. Merriel Mandell, “Etiology of Addiction: Addiction as a Disorder of Attachment,” 2011, http://etiologyofaddiction.com/attachment-theory/.

5. Howard Shaffer et al., “Toward a Syndrome Model of Addiction: Multiple Expressions, Common Etiology,” Harvard Review of Psychiatry 12 (2004): 367–374.

6. “The Addicted Brain,” Harvard Mental Health Letter, Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School, June 9, 2009.

7. Daniel Goleman, “Scientists Pinpoint Brain Irregularities In Drug Addicts,” New York Times, June 26, 1990.

8. Koepp et al., “Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release during a Video Game.”

9. James Delahunty, “Call of Duty Played for 25 Billion Hours, with 32.3 Quadrillion Shots Fired,” AfterDawn, August 14, 2013.

10. Mark Wheeler, “In memoriam: Dr. George Bartzokis, Neuroscientist Who Developed the ‘Myelin Model’ of Brain Disease,” UCLA Newsroom, September 10, 2014.

11. Anonymous, “Researchers: Does Brain ‘Fat’ Dictate Risky Behavior?” Paramus Post, March 13, 2006.

12. George Bartzokis et al., “Brain Maturation May be Arrested in Chronic Cocaine Addicts,” Biological Psychiatry 51, no. 8 (April 15, 2002): 605–611.

13. Fuchun Lin, Yan Zhou, Yasong Du, Lindi Qin, Zhimin Zhao, Jianrong Xu, and Hao Lei, “Abnormal White Matter Integrity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study,” PloS ONE 7, no. 1 (2012): e30253, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030253.

14. Soon-Beom Hong, Andrew Zalesky, Luca Cocchi, Alex Fornito, Eun-Jung Choi, Ho-Hyun Kim, Jeong-Eun Suh, Chang-Dai Kim, Jae-Won Kim, and Soon-Hyung Yi, “Decreased Functional Brain Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction,” PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2013): e57831, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057831.

15. C. Y. Wee, Z. Zhao, P-T Yap, G. Wu, F. Shi, T. Price, Y. Du, J. Xu, Y. Zhou, “Disrupted Brain Functional Network in Internet Addiction Disorder: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study,” PLoS ONE 9, no. 9 (2014): e107306, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010730.

16. Y. Wang, T. Hummer, W. Kronenberger, K. Mosier, V. Mathews, “One Week of Violent Video Game Play Alters Prefrontal Activity,” Radiological Society of North America, Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, November 26–December 2, 2011, http://archive.rsna.org/2011/11004116.html (accessed March 24, 2016).

17. Indiana University School of Medicine, “Violent Video Games Alter Brain Function in Young Men,” ScienceDaily, December 1, 2011, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130095251.htm.

18. Sadie Whitelocks, “Computer Games Leave Children with ‘Dementia’ Warns Top Neurologist,” Daily Mail, October 14, 2011.

19. Bruce Alexander, “Addiction: The View from Rat Park,” www.Brucekalexander.com, 2010, http://www.brucekalexander.com/articles-speeches/rat-park/148-addiction-the-view-from-rat-park.

Chapter Four: Interview with Dr. Doan

1. Kevin Johnson, Rick Jervis, and Richard Wolf, “Aaron Alexis, Navy Yard Shooting Supsect: Who is He?” USA Today, September 16, 2013.

2. E. Eickhoff, K. Yung, D. L. Davis, F. Bishop, W. P. Klam, A. P. Doan, “Excessive Video Game Use, Sleep Deprivation, and Poor Work Performance Among U.S. Marines Treated in a Military Mental Health Clinic: A Case Series,” Mil Med. 180, no. 7 (July 2015): e839-843, doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00597, PMID: 26126258. See also A. Voss, H. Cash, S. Hurdiss, F. Bishop, W. P. Klam, A. P. Doan, “Case Report: Internet Gaming Disorder Associated With Pornography Use,” Yale J Biol Med. 88, no. 3 (September 3, 2015): 319-324, eCollection 2015.

Chapter Five: The Big Disconnect

1. Johann Hari, “Everything You Think You Know about Addiction Is Wrong,” TED GlobalLondon, 14:42, June 2015, https://www.ted.com/talks/johann_hari_everything_you_think_you_know_about_addiction_is_wrong?language=en.

2. Internet Live Stats, website, www.internetlivestats.com.

3. “19 Text Messaging Stats that Will Blow You Away,” www.teckst.com, https://teckst.com/19-text-messaging-stats-that-will-blow-your-mind/.

4. Aaron Smith, “Americans and Text Messaging,” Pew Research Center, September 19, 2011.

5. Jean M. Twenge, “Time Period and Birth Cohort Differences in Depressive Symptoms in the U.S., 1982–2013,” Social Indicators Research 121, no. 2 (June 2014): 437–454.

6. Thalia Farchian, “Depression: Our Modern Epidemic,” Marina Times, April 2016.

7. Holly Swartz and Bruce Rollman, “Managing the Global Burden of Depression: Lessons from the Developing World,” World Psychiatry 2, no. 3 (October 2003): 162–163.

8. Tara Parker-Pope, “Suicide Rates Rise Sharply in U.S.,” New York Times, May 2, 2013.

9. Michael Bond, “How Extreme Isolation Warps the Mind,” BBC Future, May 14, 2014.

10. Michael Mechanic, “What Extreme Isolation Does to Your Mind,” Mother Jones, October 18, 2012.

11. Andy Worthington, “BBC Torture Experiment Replicates Guantanamo and Secret Prisons: How to Lose Your Mind in 48 Hours,” Andy Worthington Blog, January 27, 2008.

12. Boris Kozlow, “The Adoption History Project,” University of Oregon, February 24, 2012, http://pages.uoregon.edu/adoption/studies/HarlowMLE.htm.

13. Saul McLeod, “Attachment Theory,” Simply Psychology, 2009.

14. Winifred Gallagher, New: Understanding Our Need for Novelty and Change (New York: Penguin, 2011).

15. Mary Fischer, “Manic Nation: Dr. Peter Whybrow Says We’re Addicted to Stress,” Pacific Standard, June 19, 2012.

16. Mike Segar, “U.S. Students Suffering from Internet Addiction: Study,” Reuters, April 23, 2010.

17. Kelly M. Lister-Landman et al., “The Role of Compulsive Texting in Adolescents’ Academic Functioning,” Psychology of Popular Media Culture, advance online publication, October 5, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000100 (accessed February 29, 2016).

18. Samantha Murphy Kelly, “Is Too Much Texting Giving You ‘Text Neck’? Mashable, January 20, 2012.

19. Tracy Pederson, “Hyper-Texting Associated with Health Risks for Teens,” PsychCentral, October 6, 2015.

20. Maria Konnikova, “The Limits of Friendship,” New Yorker, October 7, 2014.

21. B. Gonçalves, N. Perra, and A.Vespignani, “Modeling Users’ Activity on Twitter Networks: Validation of Dunbar’s Number,” PLoS ONE 6, no. 8 (2011): e22656, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022656.

22. Mellissa Carroll, “UH Study Links Facebook Usage to Depressive Symptoms,” University of Houston, April 6, 2015, http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2015/April/040415FaceookStudy.php.

23. Christina Sagliogou and Tobias Greitemeyer, “Facebook’s Emotional Consequences: Why Facebook Causes a Decrease in Mood and Why People Still Use It,” Computers in Human Behavior 35 (June 2014): 359–363.

24. Julia Hormes, Brianna Kearns, and C. Alix Timko, “Craving Facebook? Behavioral Addiction to Online Social Networking and Its Association with Emotional Regulation Deficits,” Addiction 109, no. 12 (December 2014): 2079–2088.

25. Charlotte Blease, “Too Many ‘Friends,’ Too Few ‘Likes’? Evolutionary Psychology and ‘Facebook Depression,’” Review of General Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (2015): 1–13.

26. John Suler, “The Online Disinhibition Effect,” Cyber Psychology and Behavior 7, no. 3 (2004).

27. Alex Whiting, “Tech Savvy Sex Traffickers Stay Ahead of Authorities as Lure Teens Online,” Reuters, November 15, 2015.

28. Phil McGraw, “How a Social Media Post Led a Teen into Sex Trafficking,” Huffington Post, May 1, 2015.

29. Louis Phillippe Beland and Richard Murphy, “Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction and Student Performance,” Center for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, May 2015.

30. Jamie Doward, “Schools that Ban Mobile Phones See Better Academic Results,” Guardian, May 16, 2015.

31. Greg Graham, “Cell Phones in Classrooms? No! Students Need to Pay Attention,” Mediashift, September 21, 2011.

Chapter Six: Clinical Disorders

1. Victoria Dunckley, “Electronic Screen Syndrome: An Unrecognized Disorder?” Psychology Today, July 23, 2012.

2. Victoria Dunckley, “Screentime is Making Kids Moody, Crazy and Lazy,” Psychology Today, August 18, 2015.

3. Victoria Dunckley, “Video Game Rage,” Psychology Today, December 1, 2012.

4. Amy Krain Roy, Vasco Lopes, and Rachel Klein, “Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: A New Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Irritability in Youth,” American Journal of Psychiatry 171 (2014): 918–924.

5. Edward L. Swing, Douglas A. Gentile, Craig A. Anderson, and David A. Walsh, “Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems,” Pediatrics, published online July 5, 2010.

6. Meagen Voss, “More Screen Time Means More Attention Problems in Kids,” NPR, July 7, 2010.

7. Indiana University School of Medicine, “Violent Video Games Alter Brain Function in Young Men,” ScienceDaily, December 1, 2011, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130095251.htm.

8. Margaret Rock, “A Nation of Kids with Gadgets and ADHD,” Time, July 12, 2013.

9. John Eisenberg, “Son Aims to Make a Name for Himself,” Baltimore Sun, April 16, 2003.

10. Marguerite Reardon, “WHO: Cell Phones May Cause Cancer,” C/NET, May 31, 2011.

11. Danielle Dellorto, “WHO: Cell Phone Use Can Increase Possible Cancer Risk,” CNN, May 31, 2011.

12. John Cole, “EMF Readings from Various Devices We Use Every Day,” Natural News, May 26, 2008.

13. Josh Harkinson, “Scores of Scientists Raise Alarm about the Long Term Effects of Cell Phones,” Mother Jones, May 11, 2015.

14. “Damaging Effects of EMF Exposure on a Cell,” Cancer, EMF Protection and Safety, February 27, 2016.

Chapter Seven: Monkey See, Monkey Do

1. Goerge Comstock and Haejung Paik, “The Effects of Television Violence on Antisocial Behavior: A Meta-Analysis,” Communication Research 21, no. 4 (August 1994): 516–46.

2. Kevin Browne and Catherine Hamilton-Giachritsis, “The Influence of Violent Media on Children and Adolescents: A Public-Health Approach,” Lancet 365, no. 9460 (February 19, 2005): 702–710.

3. American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Psychological Association, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Psychiatric Association, “Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children: Congressional Public Health Summit—July 26, 2000,” www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/jstmtevc.htm (accessed February 29, 2016).

4. M. E. O’Toole, The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective (Quantico, VA: Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice; 2000).

5. C. Anderson et al., “The Influence of Media Violence on Youth,” Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4, no. 3 (2003): 81–110.

6. Federal Communications Commission, “In the Matter of Violent Television Programming and Its Impact on Children: Statement of Commissioner Deborah Taylor Tate,”MB docket No. 04–261, April 25, 2007, http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-07-50A1.pdf (accessed February 29, 2016).

7. American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Communications and Media, “Media Violence,” Pediatrics 124 (November 2009): 5.

8. C. Barlett, R. Harris, and R. Baldassaro, “Longer You Play, The More Hostile You Feel: Examination of First Person Shooter Video Games and Aggression during Video Game Play,” Aggressive Behavior 33, no. 6 (June 27, 2007): 486–497.

9. Joseph Dominick, “Videogames, Television Violence, and Aggression in Teenagers,” Journal of Communication 34, no. 2 (1984): 136–147.

Chapter Eight: Video Games and Aggression

1. Craig Anderson et al., “Longitudinal Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression in Japan and the United States,” Pediatrics 122, no. 5 (November 2008).

2. Jack Hollingdale and Tobias Greitemeyer, “The Effect of Online Violent Video Games on Levels of Aggression,” PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (2014): e111790, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111790.

3. C. Barlett, R. Harris, and R. Baldassaro, “Longer You Play, The More Hostile You Feel: Examination of First Person Shooter Video Games and Aggression During Video Game Play,” Aggressive Behavior 33, no. 6 (June 27, 2007): 486–497.

4. M. E. Ballard and J. R. Wiest, “Mortal Kombat: The Effect of Violent Videogame Play on Males’ Hostility and Cardiovascular Responding,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 26, no. 8 (April 1996): 717–730, doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02740.x.

5. Tobias Greitemeyer and Neil McLatchie, “Denying Humanness to Others: A Newly Discovered Mechanism by Which Violent Video Games Increase Aggressive Behavior,” Psychological Science 22, no. 5 (May 2011): 659–665.

6. Jack Hollingdale and Tobias Greitemeyer, “The Changing Face of Aggression: The Effect of Personalized Avatars in a Violent Video Game on Levels of Aggressive Behavior,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 43, no. 9 (September 2013): 1862–1868.

7. Indiana University School of Medicine, “Violent Video Games Alter Brain Function in Young Men,” ScienceDaily December 1, 2011, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130095251.htm.

8. Craig Anderson, Akiko Shibuya, Nobuko Ihori, Edward Swing, Brad Bushman, Akira Sakamoto, Hannah Rothstein, and Muniba Saleem, “Violent Video Game Effects on Aggression, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Eastern and Western Countries: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 2 (March 2010): 151–173.

9. Chris Ferguson, “Does Media Violence Predict Societal Violence? It Depends on What You Look At and When,” Journal of Communication 65 (2014): e1–e22, doi: 10.1111/jcom.12129.

10. Jason Ryan, “Gangs Blamed for 80% of U.S. Crimes,” ABC News, January 30, 2009.

11. Tracy Miller, “Video Game Addiction and Other Internet Compulsive Disorders Mask Depresssion, Anxiety, Learning Disabilities,” New York Daily News, March 25, 2013.

Chapter Nine: Ripped from the Headlines

1. “Daniel Petric Killed Mother, Shot Father Because They Took Halo 3 Video Game, Prosecutors Say,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, December 15, 2008, http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2008/12/boy_killed_mom_and_shot_dad_ov.html.

2. Meredith Bennett-Smith, “Nathon Brooks, Teen Who Allegedly Shot Parents Over Video Games, Charged With Attempted Murder,” Huffington Post, March 13, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/13/nathon-brooks-teen-shot-parents-video-games_n_2868805.html.

3. Tony Smith, “‘Grand Theft Auto’ Cop Killer Found Guilty,” Register (UK), August 11, 2005, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/08/11/gta_not_guilty/.

4. Martha Irvine, “A Troubled Gaming Addict Takes His Life,” Associated Press, May 25, 2002, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/689637/posts.

5. Lauren Russell, “Police: 8-Year-Old Shoots, Kills Elderly Caregiver after Playing Video Game,” CNN Monday, August 26, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/25/us/louisiana-boy-kills-grandmother/.

6. Abigail Jones, “The Girls Who Tried to Kill for Slender Man,” Newsweek, August 13, 2014, http://www.newsweek.com/2014/08/22/girls-who-tried-kill-slender-man-264218.html.

Chapter Ten: The Newtown Massacre

1. Tom McCarthy, “Shooting in Newtown, Connecticut School Leaves 28 Dead,” Guardian, December 14, 2012, http://www.theguardian.com/world/us-news-blog/2012/dec/14/newtown-connecticut-school-shooting-live; Daniel Bates and Helen Pow, “Lanza’s Descent to Madness and Murder: Sandy Hook Shooter Notched Up 83,000 Online Kills Including 22,000 ‘Head Shots’ Using Violent Games to Train Himself for His Massacre,” Daily Mail, December 1, 2013, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2516427/Sandy-Hook-shooter-Adam-Lanza-83k-online-kills-massacre.html.

2. Matthew Lysiak, Newtown: An American Tragedy (New York: Gallery, 2013).

3. Office of the Child Advocate, State of Connecticut, “Shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School,” Report of the Office of the Child Advocate, November 21, 2014, http://www.ct.gov/oca/lib/oca/sandyhook11212014.pdf.

4. Office of the State’s Attorney Judicial District of Danbury, “Report of the State’s Attorney for the Judicial District of Danbury on the Shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School and 36 Yogananda Street, Newtown, Connecticut,” December 14, 2012, http://www.ct.gov/csao/lib/csao/Sandy_Hook_Final_Report.pdf.

5. Mike Lupica, “Morbid Find Suggests Murder-Obsessed Gunman Adam Lanza Plotted Newtown, Conn.’s Sandy Hook Massacre for Years,” New York Daily News, March 25, 2013.

Chapter Eleven: Etan Patz and the End of Innocence—and Outdoor Play

1. Project Jason: Guidance for Families of the Missing, http://projectjason.org/forums/topic/126-missing-children-issues-general-news/.

2. Hanna Rosin, “The Overprotected Kid,” Atlantic Monthly, April 2014.

3. Michael Wilson, “The Legacy of Etan Patz: Wary Children Who Became Watchful Parents,” New York Times, May 8, 2015.

4. Lenore Skenazy, Free Range Kids: How to Raise Safe, Self-Reliant Children (New York: Jossey-Bass, 2010).

Chapter Twelve: Follow the Money

1. “Education Technology Worth 59.9 Billion by 2018,” Wattpad, January 31, 2014, https://www.wattpad.com/story/12102629-education-technology-ed-tech-market-worth-59-90.

2. Richard Rothstein, “Joel Klein’s Misleading Autobiography,” American Prospect, October 11, 2012.

3. Diane Ravitch, “New York Post Reveals Another Part of the ‘Bloomberg-Klein’ Failure Factory Legacy,” Diane Ravitch’s Blog: A Site to Discuss Better Education For All, February 23, 2014.

4. Bob Herbert, “The Plot Against Public Education: How Millionaires and Billionaires are Ruining Our Schools,” Politico, October 6, 2014.

5. Georg Szalai, “Former NYC School Chancellor to Earn $2 Million a Year as News Corp. Exec,” Hollywood Reporter, January 4, 2011.

6. “The Impact of Digital Technology on Learning: A Summary for the Education Endowment Foundation,” Durham University, November 2012, https://v1.educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/uploads/pdf/The_Impact_of_Digital_Technologies_on_Learning_(2012).pdf.

7. Richard Clark, “Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media,” Review of Educational Research 53(1983): 445–459.

8. Jason Rogers, Alex Usher, and Edyta Kaznowska, The State of e-Learning in Canadian Universities, 2011: If Students are Digital Natives, Why Don’t They Like e-Learning? (Toronto, ON: Higher Education Strategy Associates, 2011), higheredstrategy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/InsightBrief42.pdf.

9. Michele Molnar, “News Corp. Sells Amplify to Joel Klein, Other Executives,” Education Week, October 7, 2015.

10. Howard Blume, “Federal Grand Jury Subpoenaed Documents from L.A. Unified,” Los Angeles Times, December 2, 2014.

11. Annie Gilbertson, “The LA School iPad Scandal: What You Need to Know,” NPR/Ed, August 27, 2014.

12. “Another Publishing Exec Caught Dishing Dirt on Common Core,” ProjectVeritas.com, January 13, 2016.

13. Natasha Bita, “Computers in Class a ‘Scandalous Waste’: Sydney Grammar Head,” Australian, March 26, 2016.

14. Ann Mangen et al., “Reading Linear Texts on Paper versus Computer Screen: Effects on Reading Comprehension,” International Journal of Educational Research 58 (2013): 61–68.

15. Ferris Jabr, “The Reading Brain in the Digital Age: The Science of Paper vs. Screens,” Scientific American, April 11, 2013.

16. Colleen Cordes and Edward Miller, Fool’s Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood (New York: Alliance for Childhood, 2000).

17. Carlo Rotella, “No Child Left Untableted,” New York Times, September 12, 2013.

18. Chris Mercogliano and Kim Debus, “An Interview with Joseph Chilton Pearce,” Journal of Family Life 5, no. 1 (1999).

19. Mona Mohammad and Heyam Mohammad, “Computer Integration into the Early Childhood Curriculum,” Education 133, no. 1 (Fall 2012).

Chapter Thirteen: It’s an e-World

1. David Rose, Enchanted Objects (New York: Scribner, 2015).

2. Abhijit, “Microsoft Hologram’ This is the Future of Computing. Mind blowing Combination of Virtual reality and Augmented reality,” Infomatic Cool Stuff, April 30, 2015.

3. Alex Kipman, “A Futuristic Vision of the Age of Holograms,” TED Talk, 19:05, Vancouver, February 2016, https://www.ted.com/talks/alex_kipman_the_dawn_of_the_age_of_holograms?language=en.

4. Jerry Bonner, “Esports Phenomenon to Be Examined Further on HBO’s ‘Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel,” HNGN: Headline & Global News, October 19, 2014.

5. Jeff Grubb, “e-Sports Already Worth $748M but It Will Reach 1.9 B by 2018,” Venture Beat, October 28, 2015.

6. Cecillia Kang, “He Wants to Make It Playing Video Games on Twitch. But Will People Pay to Watch?” Washington Post, December 31, 2014.

Chapter 14: The Solution

1. Plato, The Republic.

2. Bruce Alexander, “Addiction: The View from Rat Park,” www. Brucekalexander.com, 2010, http://www.brucekalexander.com/articles-speeches/rat-park/148-addiction-the-view-from-rat-park.

3. Edward O. Wilson, Biophilia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).

4. Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods (New York: Workman Publishing, 2005).

5. Tori DeAngelis, “Therapy Gone Wild,” American Psychological Association 44, no. 8 (September 2013): 48.

6. Colleen Cordes and Edward Miller, Fool’s Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood (New York: Alliance for Childhood, 2000).

7. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, website, http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/.