Index

A

• Analysis Gallery, 54
• Analysis Tools, 53
• ArcGIS Desktop 10.x, using IDEs for, 47–49
• ArcGIS Pro. See also ArcPy, Python
  • API for Python, 16–17
  • copying shapefiles to a geodatabase in, 7–9
  • creating points along a line in, 9–12
  • editing in (See integrated development environments (IDEs))
  • geoprocessing in (See geoprocessing)
  • help pages in, 186–89
  • layers, 360–69
  • licenses, 182–86
  • maps, map frames, and cameras in, 357–59, 384–85
  • Python as programming language of choice for, 1–2
  • rasters in (See rasters)
  • Spatial Analyst and Image Analyst modules, 315–16
  • spatial data in (See spatial data)
  • using scripting in, 3
• ArcObjects, 55
• ArcPy, 133. See also rasters
  • ArcGIS Pro help pages in, 186–89
  • coordinate systems, 170–74
  • data descriptions in, 194–98
  • environments, 174–75
  • functions, 166–67
  • geoprocessing tools in, 158–63
  • importing, 156
  • introduction to, 155
  • listing data in, 199–212
  • lists in, 214–17
  • mapping module (See map scripting)
  • rasters in (See rasters)
  • setting up workspace in, 157–58
  • tool messages, 175–82
  • tool parameters, 168–70
  • working with ArcGIS Pro licenses, 182–86
  • working with Result object in, 163–64
  • working with toolboxes in, 165–66
• ASCII (American Standard Code Information Interchange), 96
• assignment statement, 89
• autocompletion prompts, 41–42

B

• backslashes, 128–30, 139–40
• backward compatibility of Python, 4
• bands, raster, 313–14
• batch mode, 67–68
• batch processing, 67–74
• Batch Project script, 82
• blocks, code, 135–36
• Boolean expressions, 111–12
• Boolean logic, 111–14
• Boolean operators, 112
• Booleans, 86
• branching, 133–34
• breakpoints, 229
• buffer tools, 55
• built-in tools, 55

C

• C++, 90
• cameras, 384–85
• Cartographic Information Model (CIM), 388–89
• Cartography Tools, 53
• casting, 96
• catalog paths, 194
• cells, raster, 313–14
• classes
  • arcpy.sa and arcpy.ia modules, 334–39
  • exceptions and custom, 239–40
  • for tool parameters, ArcPy, 168–70
• Clip tools, 56–60, 158–63
  • batch, 68–74
• Clone Default button, 24–25
• code
  • blocks of, 135–36
  • long lines of, 139–42
  • selectively commenting out, 228–29
• coding standards and guidelines, 149–50
• color symbology
  • applied to raster layers, 378–80
  • graduated, 376–78
• command line prompt, 15–16
• commenting out code, 228–29
• comments, 146–49
• comparison operators, 133–34
• compound statements, 135–36
• conda, 23
• conditional statements, 133–35
• connectors, 75
• continuous rasters, 314
• control structures, 135
• coordinate systems, ArcPy, 170–74
• copying shapefiles to a geodatabase, 7–9
• creating points along a line, 9–12
• CSV files, 282–85
• current workspace setting, 64
• cursors, 247–53
  • setting spatial references with, 308–10
• custom classes, 239–40
• custom tools, 56

D

• data frames, 356
• dataset, raster, 313, 319–24
• data structures, 86. See also rasters
  • spatial data
  • tabular data
• data types in Python, 4, 86. See also spatial data
• debugging and error handling
  • adding print messages to scripts in, 227–28
  • carefully reviewing the content of error messages in, 225–26
  • for exceptions, 234–35
  • handling exceptions in, 237–40
  • introduction to, 219
  • other methods of, 244
  • procedures in, 224–34
  • raising exceptions in, 235–37
  • recognizing exceptions in, 224
  • selectively commenting out code in, 228–29
  • syntax errors, 94, 219–24
  • tips and tricks for, 234
  • using a Python debugger in, 229–34
  • watching for common errors in, 244–45
• descriptions, data, 194–98
• dictionaries, 123–25
• directory, 144–45
• documentation and resources, Python, 85–86
• dynamic naming, 69–74

E

• Eclipse, 33
• editors, Python. See integrated development environments (IDEs)
• elements of models, 74–75
• encoding, 46
• environment settings in geoprocessing, 64–67
• errors
  • common, 244–45
  • error codes, 40–44
  • handling, for exceptions, 234–35
  • handling geoprocessing exceptions and, 241–43
  • other methods for handling, 244
  • raising exceptions and, 235–37
  • reviewing the content of messages regarding, 225–26
  • syntax, 94, 219–24
  • try-except statement for handling, 237–40
• exceptions, 224
  • error handling for, 234–35
  • handling, 237–40
  • handling geoprocessing, 241–43
  • raising, 235–37
• exit condition, 137
• exponent operator, 88
• exporting and printing layouts, 386–88
• expressions and statements, writing of, 92–93
• exterior ring, 299

F

• factory code, 171
• field calculations, 262–74
• file extensions, 146
• file management, 144–46
• floats, 86, 87–89
• floor division, 87–88
• for loops, 212–14
• formatting, string, 108–10
• f-strings, 110
• functions, 99–102
• functions, ArcPy, 166–67

G

• Geocoding Tools, 53
• geometries
  • geometry objects and tokens, 287–88
  • geoprocessing tools and, 310–11
  • introduction to, 287
  • multipart features with, 296–99
  • polygons with holes, 299–301
  • reading, 292–96
  • understanding geometry objects and, 288–92
  • using cursors to set spatial reference, 308–10
  • writing, 301–8
• geoprocessing
  • batch processing and dynamic naming in, 67–74
  • common errors in, 244–45
  • defined, 51
  • exception handling for, 241–43
  • framework for, 51–52
  • introduction to, 51
  • raster analysis using, 326–29
  • running scripts as tools in, 81–82
  • specifying environment settings in, 64–67
  • toolboxes and tools for, 52–55
  • tool dialog boxes, 56–63
  • types and categories of tools for, 55–56
  • using ArcPy (See ArcPy)
  • using geometry objects to work with, 310–11
  • using models and ModelBuilder in, 74–78
  • using scripting, 78–83
• graduated color symbology, 376–78
• Graphic Buffer, 55

H

• history and versions of Python, 3–5

I

• Image Analyst module, 315–16
• imagery, 313
• immutable strings, numbers, and tuples, 86
• implied line continuation, 140–42
• indentation, 38, 135–36, 221
• index, 86
• indexing, 105
• inline variable substitution, 69
• insert cursors, 247–53
• integers, 86, 87–89, 143
• Integrated Development Environment (IDLE), 17–23
  • ArcGIS Desktop 10.x, 47–49
  • ArcPy and, 156
  • Clip tool in, 79–80
  • command prompt in, 31–33, 36
  • comments in, 146–47
  • debugging in, 228–29, 232–33
  • error messages in, 226
  • infinite loops in, 137
  • Python documentation and resources in, 85
  • spell checker in, 220
  • stand-alone script in, 178
  • user input in, 143
• integrated development environments (IDEs). See also Python window
  • for ArcGIS Desktop 10.x, 47–49
  • Integrated Development Environment (IDLE), 17–23
  • introduction to, 15
  • other code editors as, 33
  • PyCharm, 29–33
  • Python scripts in, 34–35
  • Spyder, 23–29
  • use of, 15–17
• interior ring, 299
• iterable objects, 119–20
• iteration, 67
• iterator, raster cell, 339–43

J

• Java, 90
• Jupyter Notebook, 16

K

• keywords, 56, 91, 132–33

L

• layers, 360–64
  • adding, removing, inserting, and moving, 364–69
  • applying symbology to raster, 378–80
  • working with symbology of, 370–76
• layouts, 356, 381–84
  • exporting and printing, 386–88
• library, 23
• licenses, ArcGIS Pro, 182–86
• listing data, 199–203
  • rasters and, 325–26
  • workspaces and, 204–12
• lists, 97, 114–21, 214–17
• loading code into Python window, 46–47
• long lines of code, 139–42
• looping structures, 137–38
• loops, for, 212–14
• loop variable, 137

M

• map algebra operators, 329–34
• map frames, 384–85
• map scripting
  • accessing project properties and methods, 354–56
  • adding, removing, inserting, and moving layers in, 364–69
  • applying graduated color symbology in, 376–78
  • applying symbology to raster layers in, 378–80
  • Cartographic Information Model (CIM), 388–89
  • exporting and printing layouts in, 386–88
  • introduction to, 351
  • layers, 360–64
  • referencing projects, 352–54
  • working with layer symbology in, 370–76
  • working with layouts in, 381–84
  • working with maps, map frames, and cameras in, 384–85
  • working with maps in ArcGIS Pro in, 357–59
  • working with the ArcPy mapping module in, 351–52
• math toolset, 329–34
• methods, 102–3
• Microsoft Visual Studio, 33
• ModelBuilder, 74–78
• model process, 75
• model tools, 55, 74–78
• modules, 34–35, 130–33
• modulus, 88
• multiband rasters, 322–24
• multiline construct, 37–38
• multipart features, 296–99
• multipoints, 297
• mutable lists and dictionaries, 86

N

• named exception, 237
• naming, 89–92
• nontool functions, 166
• null point, 299
• numbers, 87–89
• NumPy arrays, 346–49

O

• object-oriented programming, 97–99
• objects, geometry, 287–88
  • geoprocessing tools and, 310–11
  • understanding, 288–92
• objects, raster, 317–19
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), 172–73
• operands, 87
• operator, 87

P

• package managers, 23
• packages
  • ArcPy, 133, 155
  • Python, 23
• pane, 35
• parsing of table and field names, 261–62
• paths, 128–30
• pixels, 313
• polygons with holes, 299–301
• printing
  • and exporting map layouts, 386–88
  • and string formatting, 108–10
• print messages added to scripts, 227–28
• programming versus scripting, 2–3
• properties, basic project, 354–56
• PyCharm, 29–33, 144, 222–23, 229
  • debugging in, 233–34
  • error checking in, 222
  • infinite loops in, 137
• PyDev module, 33
• Python. See also ArcGIS Pro
  • CIM access using, 388–89
  • copying shapefiles to a geodatabase in, 7–9
  • creating points along a line in, 9–12
  • CSV files and, 282–85
  • editors in (See integrated development environments (IDEs))
  • exploring the features of, 1–2
  • field calculations in, 262–74
  • history and versions of, 3–5
  • introduction to, 1
  • modules in, 34–35
  • as a scripting language, 2–3
  • text files in, 274–82
  • using SQL expressions in, 254–58
  • window (See Python window)
• Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs), 149
• Python environment, 16
• Python language fundamentals
  • Boolean logic, 111–14
  • commenting scripts, 146–49
  • compound statements and indentation, 135–36
  • controlling workflow using conditional statements, 133–35
  • controlling workflow using looping structures, 137–38
  • data types and structures, 86
  • dictionaries, 123–25
  • file management, 144–46
  • following coding guidelines, 149–50
  • functions, 99–102
  • getting user input, 143–44
  • introduction to, 85
  • lists, 97, 114–21
  • locating Python documentation and resources and, 85–86
  • long lines of code, 139–42
  • methods, 102–3
  • modules, 130–33
  • numbers, 87–89
  • paths, 128–30
  • printing and string formatting, 108–10
  • Python objects, 97–99
  • sets, 125–27
  • strings, 93–96, 103–8
  • tuples, 121–22
  • variables and naming, 89–92
  • writing statements and expressions, 92–93
• Python Library Reference, 86
• Python objects, 97–99
• Python Package Manager, 23–24
• Python Shell, 17
• Python window, 33–34, 35–39, 144
  • exploring options in, 45
  • getting assistance in, 40–44
  • loading code into, 46–47
  • saving work in, 45–46
  • writing and running code in, 35–39

R

• raster layers, applying symbology to, 378–80
• rasters
  • arcpy.sa and arcpy.ia modules and, 334–39
  • describing properties of, 319–24
  • geoprocessing tools and, 326–29
  • introduction to, 313
  • listing, 325–26
  • map algebra operators and, 329–34
  • multiband, 322–24
  • NumPy arrays and, 346–49
  • Spatial Analyst and Image Analyst modules and, 315–16, 343–46
  • understanding, 313–14
  • working with raster cell iterator, 339–43
  • working with raster objects, 317–19
• raw strings, 129
• replacement field, 109
• Result object in ArcPy, 163–64
• ring, 299

S

• saving work in Python window, 45–46
• scheduled tasks, 83
• scratch workspace, 65
• scripting
  • adding print messages to, 227–28
  • commenting scripts, 146–49
  • in geoprocessing, 78–83
  • map (See map scripting)
  • versus programming, 2–3
  • Python modules, 34–35
  • scheduled to run at prescribed times, 83
• script tools, 55, 81–82
• search cursors, 247–53
• secondary prompt, 38
• sentry variable, 137
• sequence, 86
• sets, 125–27
• slicing, 105
• snake case, 92
• snippet, 35
• spacing, 221
• Spatial Analyst module, 315–16, 343–46
• spatial data
  • checking for existence of, 193–94
  • CSV files, 282–85
  • describing, 194–98
  • field calculations, 262–74
  • introduction to, 193
  • listing, 199–203
  • lists, 214–17
  • parsing table and field names in, 261–62
  • text files with, 274–82
  • using cursors to access, 247–53
  • using lists in for loops, 212–14
  • using SQL expressions in Python for, 254–58
  • working with table and field names in, 259–61
  • workspaces and listing, 204–12
• spatial reference set with cursors, 308–10
• spatial resolution, 314
• spell checking, 220
• Split By Attributes tool, 81–82
• Spyder (Scientific Python Development Environment), 23–33, 224, 229
  • debugging in, 233–34
  • error checking in, 221, 224
  • infinite loops in, 137
• SQL expressions in Python, 254–58
• statements and expressions, writing of, 92–93
• string literal, 93
• strings/string values, 86, 93–96
  • language for working with, 103–8
  • printing and string formatting, 108–10
• Structured Query Language (SQL). See SQL expressions in Python
• Style Guide for Python Code (PEP 8), 91, 92, 139, 149, 163
• symbology
  • applied to raster layers, 378–80
  • applying graduated color, 376–78
  • working with layers, 370–76
• syntax errors, 94, 219–24
• system languages, 2–3
• system paths, 194
• system tools, 56

T

• table and field names, 259–61
  • field calculations, 262–74
  • parsing of, 261–62
• tabular data
  • CSV files, 282–85
  • field calculations, 262–74
  • parsing table and field names in, 261–62
  • text files with, 274–82
  • using cursors to access, 247–53
  • using SQL expressions in Python for, 254–58
  • working with table and field names in, 259–61
• Task Scheduler, 83
• text files, 274–82
• TIFF images, 201
• tokens, 287–88
• toolboxes in ArcPy, 165–66
• tool dialog boxes, 56–63
• tool messages, ArcPy, 175–82
• tool parameters, 56–58, 168–70
• tools, geoprocessing
  • running scripts as, 81–82
  • toolboxes and, 52–55
  • tool dialog boxes for, 56–63
  • types and categories of, 55–56
• traceback, 235
• true division, 87
• try-except statement, 237–39
• tuples, 121–22

U

• Unicode strings, 96
• Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates, 308
• unnamed exception, 237
• update cursors, 247–53
• user input, 143–44
• UTF-8 (8-bit Unicode Transformation Format), 96

V

• variables, 75, 89–92
  • sentry or loop, 137
  • string, 93–96
• versions of Python, 3–5
• virtual environments, 16
• Visual Studio, 33

W

• wildcard, 199–204
• window, Python. See Python window
• WKID (well-known ID), 171–72
• WKT (well-known text), 172–73
• workspaces, 64–66
  • ArcPy, 157–58
  • map scripting, 352–54
• writing and running code in Python window, 35–39
• writing geometries, 301–8