Adenauer, Konrad, 50
Afary, Janet, 140–41, 147, 153
L’Allemagne n’est pas ce que vous croyez (Rovan), 43–44
Althusser, Louis, 8, 75–82, 84, 92n7, 93n15
ambiguity, 5–6, 9, 11, 43, 168, 170; on Marx, 80–82
American liberalism: The Birth of Biopolitics on, 59; German neoliberalism and, 38–42, 127; governmentality and, 40. See also Chicago School liberalism
Anderson, Kevin, 140–41, 147, 153
anthropology, 73–74; Chicago School liberalism and, 74, 86–87; economics and, 86–87; humanism and, 75–81, 85–87; language and, 87–88
Anthropology (Kant), 77
anti-humanism, viii, 74–75, 84. See also humanism
The Archaeology of Knowledge (Foucault), 9, 29n24, 172
Aristotle, 21
Audier, Serge, viii, 4–5, 63, 65, 115–16, 151, 152
autonomy, 61–62, 105, 119, 121
Bad Godesberg Program, 34–35, 42, 47, 117
La barbarie à visage humain (Lévy), 58
Barre, Raymond, 43, 45, 46, 115–16
Beaulieu, Alain, 140, 146–47, 150
Becker, Gary, 63, 67–68, 100–102; economics of, vii, 102, 150, 152, 163–64, 166, 168; on human capital, 158–59, 163–64, 166, 168, 175, 183
Behrent, Michael, viii, 74, 123, 145–46, 149, 151
belonging, 9
Bernard, Mathias, 62
Bernstein, Eduard, 114
Besançon, Alain, 31n55, 126–27
biopolitics, xii–xiii, 88–92, 111, 185–86
The Birth of Biopolitics (Foucault), ix–xii, xxin24, 27n1, 73; on American liberalism, 59; birth of biopolitics, 88–93; critique in, 104–6; fascism 16; on fostering life or leaving to die, 181–88; on governmentality, 97–98; humanism and, 74–75; on Iranian Revolution, xvi, 139–41, 145; Marxism and, 8, 14; on problematization, 98–99; reception of, 33–34; Rosanvallon and, xxnn18–19; on socialism, 58–59; on state phobia, 16–17, 25–26, 125; on will to know, 99–104, 181–85
Bitoux, Jean, 128
Böhm, Franz, 39
Bourdieu, Pierre, 160–67, 168, 170–75
Bourg, Julian, 68
Buchanan, James, 40
Capital (Marx) (Vol. II): Foucault on, 8–11; liberalism, Marxism, and socialism in, 7–15, 27; overview of, 11; power in, 10–15
capitalism, 3–4; competition and, 170–75; consumption and, 44; development of, 9, 11–13; factory labor and, 13–15; fascism and, 18–19; genealogy of, 9–13; German neoliberalism and, 44; gigantism and, 44; machine and, 14–15; power and, 12–15; prison system and, 89; production and, 11–12, 14–15. See also human capital
Cassen, Bernard, 18
Cavallari, Alberto, 122
censorship, 62
Châtelet, François, 129
Chauvin, Hervé, 57
Chevènement, Jean-Pierre, 2, 43
Chicago School liberalism: anthropology and, 74, 86–87; economics and, xvii, 41, 86, 148, 150, 151, 184; German neoliberalism and, 38, 40–41, 120–21; Iranian Revolution and, 148, 150, 151
children, 158–60, 162–63, 168, 169–70, 175
Christianity: pastoralism and, 118–21, 125–27; pastoral power and, 61–62, 99, 105–7, 127, 139
Christofferson, Michael Scott, 58
class. See socioeconomic class
Clastres, Pierre, xiii
Collège de France lectures. See The Birth of Biopolitics
common program, 43, 45, 55–57, 128
communism, 2, 20–21, 54–55. See also French Communist Party; Marxism
Constant, Benjamin, 5, 7–8, 49
The Constitution of Liberty (Hayek), 50
contemporary politics, xvii–xviii, 111–12; contemporary capitalism and, 3–4; fascism and, 19; German liberalism and contemporary Europe, 41–48; German neoliberalism and, 34–35; neoliberalism in, 4–5; power in, 114–15; socialism in, 43–44
Corriere della sera, 122–23, 141
The Crisis of Democracy (Trilateral Commission), 18
The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology (Husserl), 37, 40, 76–77
critical practical rationality, 36–38
critique: in The Birth of Biopolitics, 104–6; excess and, 39; Foucault, genealogy, and, 97–107, 115–23, 127–32; of human capital, 160–67; by Kant, 44–45; of liberalism, 7, 36–40; notion of, 36–38, 44–45; power and, 65; writing and, 112, 115–23
cultural capital: education and, 161–64, 168, 169; human capital and, 160–68, 170–75
Davidson, Arnold, xxin27
Dean, Mitchell, 59
death, 3; leaving to die, 181–88; penalty, 89–90
Debord, Guy, 64
Demain le capitalisme (Lepage), 127–28
Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 4, 5, 168, 183; on power, 9, 10, 13, 114–15, 143
Dits et écrits (Foucault), 33–34
Dommergues, Pierre, 18
École Normale Supérieure (ENS), 75–76
economics: anthropology and, 86–87; of Becker, vii, 102, 150, 152, 163–64, 166, 168; Bilger on, 46–47; Chicago School liberalism and, xvii, 41, 86, 148, 150, 151, 184; EMS and, 42–43; homo economicus and, 86–87, 101–5, 124, 131–32, 163, 165, 167, 182, 183, 186; humanism and, 86–87; Iranian Revolution and, 148–52; Keynesianism and, 36, 49; Schmidt and, 42–43, 45. See also capitalism; human capital
economy: energy crisis and, 16–17, 23; fascism and, 18, 120; German neoliberalism and, 101–2, 120; global, xvi, 132; labor and, 13–15, 102–3; liberalism and, 36–37; maximum, 36–37; New Deal and, 40, 125; pastoralism and, 119–20; political, 127, 131; revolution and, 127; socialism and, 43–45, 49–50; social market, xv, 34, 35, 41, 46, 101–2; taxes and, 90, 163–64; TCE and, 34, 35; war, 127
EMS. See European Monetary System
Enlightenment, 120; Iranian Revolution and, 140, 146–48, 151; Kantian, 106, 124–25, 129–30; new form of, 129–30; Scottish, xii, 170; “What Is Enlightenment,” 88–89, 106
ENS. See École Normale Supérieure
entrepreneur of self, 4, 168–70, 173–75
Erhard, Ludwig, 50
EU. See European Union
European Monetary System (EMS), 42–43
European social thought, xvii, 41–48
European Union (EU), 34
Ewald, François, vii, 67–68, 98–101, 130
existentialism, 82
fascism: autonomy and, 121; The Birth of Biopolitics and, 16; capitalism and, 18–19; contemporary politics and, 19; economy and, 18, 120; in Friendly Fascism, 18; German neoliberalism and, 42, 120–21; New Left and, 19–20; socialism and, 19–20; soft, 18, 27; state and, 16–24; totalitarianism and, 19–23; Vincennes conference on, 16–25, 30n40; will and, 21–22
fascization: Foucault versus, 16–23; liberalism and, 16–18, 22–23; state phobia and, 16–17, 25–26, 121, 123, 125
Faustmann, Martin, 159
Federal University of Bahia, 9–10
Fisher, Erving, 159
Foessel, Michael, 68
Fontana, Alessandro, 33–34, 99
For a New Political Culture (Rosanvallon and Viveret), 67
Foucault, Michel. See specific topics; specific works
freedom. See liberty
Freiburg School, 39
French Communist Party (PCF), 76; common program and, 43, 45, 55–57, 128; French Socialist Party and, 43–44; party-concept and nature of, 20–23; union of the left and, 55–56
French Communist Revolutionary League (LCR), 54–55
French Socialist Party, 43–44, 55–56
Friendly Fascism (Gross), 18
Fumagalli, Andrea, 51n7
Furet, François, 58
Garaudy, Roger, 75
Garo, Isabelle, 65
Gauchet, Marcel, ix
genealogy, xvi; of capitalism, 9–13; critique and writing on, 112, 115–23; Foucault, critique, and, 97–107, 115–23, 127–32; German, 116–17; of human capital, 158–60; of interest, as moral conduct, 167–70; juridical, 117–18, 130; Marxism and, 113–14, 116, 121; of self, 112–13; state and, 121–22; truth and, 99–104; Western political theory and, 122–23; will to know and, 99–104; writing and, 112
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 42
German neoliberalism (ordoliberalism), xii–xiii, xv, 6, 115; American liberalism and, 38–42, 127; approach to, 35–41; Bad Godesberg Program and, 34–35, 42, 47, 117; Bilger and, 46–47; bureaucracy and, 49–50; capitalism and, 44; Chicago School liberalism and, 38, 40–41, 120–21; contemporary politics and, 34–35; democracy and, 34–35; economy and, 101–2, 120; fascism and, 42, 120–21; Frankfurt School and, 37–38; Freiburg School of, 39; German liberalism and contemporary Europe, 41–48; Kantian liberalism and, 39–40, 42–44, 46, 50; lessons of, 48–50; Marxism and, 47; Nazism and, xv, 34, 35–36, 50, 120; Schmidt and, 42–43; socialism and, 34–35, 40, 43–50; social market economy and, 101–2; war and, 125
Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz, 140, 143, 144, 147, 149
Ghosh, Peter, 116
gigantism, 44
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 42, 45–47, 59, 62–66, 115–17
Golder, Ben, 4
Gordon, Colin, 8, 9, 55, 98, 150
governmentality, 6, 23; American liberalism and, 40; The Birth of Biopolitics on, 97–98; contemporary shifts in, xvii; criminality and, 103–4; homo economicus and, 101–5, 124, 131–32; Iranian Revolution and, 145–52; left, xv, 53–68; Marxism and, 113–14, 116; Nietzsche and, 101; police state and, 37, 48–50, 118–19; power and, 25–26, 99, 103–4, 118–19; reason and, 3–4; self and, 97–98; sexuality and, 63, 128; socialism and, 47–49; truth and, 101–2, 105; types of, 47–48
Grémion, Pierre, 55
A Grin Without a Cat (film), 53
Gross, Bertram, 18
habitus, 161, 164–66, 170, 171–72
Halévy, Elie, 126
happy positivism, 100–101, 104
Harvey, David, 11
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 26, 77–79
Heidegger, Martin, 75, 77, 81–83
Helsinki Accords, 42
historical ontology, 77–78, 112, 115–23; appropriating history, 171–72
history. See genealogy
The History of Sexuality (Foucault), xv, 61, 73; humanism and, 89–90; on power, 9–10
Hobbes, Thomas, 118
homo economicus, 86–87; governmentality and, 101–5, 124, 131–32; human capital and, 163, 165, 167, 182, 183, 186
homosexuality, 128
“How to Get Rid of Marxism?” (Foucault), 20, 55
human capital, xvii, 86, 102–3, 124; Becker on, 158–59, 163–64, 166, 168, 175, 183; Bourdieu on, 160–67, 168, 170–75; children as, 158–60, 162–63, 168, 169–70, 175; competition and, 170–75; consumption and, 103, 168–70; critique of, 160–67; cultural capital and, 160–68, 170–75; denaturalization and, 171–74; entrepreneur of self and, 4, 168–70, 173–75; eugenics and, 158–60; genealogy of, 158–60; homo economicus and, 163, 165, 167, 182, 183, 186; liberal freedom and, 168–71; migration and, 182–86; production and, 168–69, 170–71; socioeconomic class relating to, 158–59, 160–67, 171, 173, 175; welfare state and, 162–63
humanism: anthropology and, 75–81, 85–87; anti-, viii, 74–75, 84; Behrent and, 74, 123; biology and, 85–86; biopolitics and, 88–92; The Birth of Biopolitics and, 74–75; economics and, 86–87; in Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism, 75, 77, 81–83; The History of Sexuality and, 89–90; Iranian Revolution and, 140, 146–47; liberalism and, 85; Marxism and, 75–81, 84–88; in The Order of Things, 77–78, 80–81, 84–88; philosophy and, 74–85; quasi-transcendentals and, 85–88; sexuality and, 86; types of, 74
Humanitarian Reason (Fassin), 185–86
human rights: Helsinki Accords and, 42; Iranian Revolution and, 141–42, 146, 154n35; for minorities, 63–67; state and, 4
Husserl, Edmund, 37, 39–40, 76–77
Hyppolite, Jean, 8
identity/identarian politics, xixn12, 5–7, 9, 27
L’informatisation de la société (Minc and Nora), 24
intellectual capital, 161
intellectual history, xiv, xvi–xvii, 4–5
intellectual political debate, vii–xviii, 8–9
interest, as moral conduct, 167–70
Iranian Revolution, 3, 116, 122; The Birth of Biopolitics on, xvi, 139–41, 145; Chicago School liberalism and, 148, 150, 151; economics and, 148–52; Enlightenment and, 140, 146–48, 151; Foucault and Iranian reportage, 141–44; governmentality and, 145–52; humanism and, 140, 146–47; human rights and, 141–42, 146, 154n35; Khomeini regime and, 140, 142–43, 150, 152; liberalism and, 140–41, 145–53; philosophy on, 141–53; political spirituality and, 142, 144, 146–47, 149, 151; Shi’ism and, 143–44, 146; state relating to, 143–44, 148–50, 151
Jaubert, Alain, 115
Julien, Claude, 18
juridical genealogy, 117–18, 130
Kant, Immanuel, 37, 74, 76–77, 88, 122–23; on autonomy, 119; Cassirer and, 124–25; critique by, 44–45; Marxism and, 114; on reason, 119; on state and war, 124
Kantian Enlightenment, 106, 124–25, 129–30
Kantian liberalism, 2, 39–40, 42–44, 46, 50
Kaufmann, Walter, 26
Khomeini regime, 140, 142–43, 150, 152. See also Iranian Revolution
Klaus Croissant affair, 116
labor: anthropology and humanism relating to, 86–87; economy and, 13–15, 102–3; factory, 13–15; migration and, 186–87; power and, 13–15. See also human capital
Lagasnerie, Geoffroy de, viii, 59
Lazar, Marc, 55
LCR. See French Communist Revolutionary League
Lefebvre, Henri, 9
left governmentality, xv; anti-statism as desubjectification, 59–63; defining left in, 67–68; Foucault against postwar left, 54–58; Foucault and “second left,” 65–68; New Left and, 53–54; pluralism and, 63–65; searching for, 58–65; state and, 55–57, 65–67
leftist politics, xiv–xv, 2; institutional politics and, 56–57; “The New Internal Order” and, 16–18; postwar left, xv, 53–58; revolution and, 53, 57–58; socialist revolution and, 53, 57–58; state phobia and, 16–17, 25–26, 121, 123, 125; TCE and, 34; totalitarianism and, 55–56. See also New Left
legitimation crisis, 131
Lemke, Thomas, ix
Letter on Humanism (Heidegger), 75, 77
Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 58
liberalism: artificiality and, 103, 167; critique of, 7, 36–40; debate on, 1–7, 26–27; economy and, 36–37; excess and, 39, 41; fascization and, 16–18, 22–23; humanism and, 85; Iranian Revolution and, 140–41, 145–53; Kantian, 2, 39–40, 42–44, 46, 50; liberty and, 45–46; Marxism, socialism, and, 7–15, 27, 116, 121; power and, 25–26; as practice, 36–37; resistance and, xvi–xvii; Security, Territory, Population and, 24, 27n1, 118–19, 145, 147–48; totalitarianism and, 22–23. See also American liberalism; Chicago School liberalism; German neoliberalism; neoliberalism
liberty, 58; freedom and, 2, 168–71; liberalism and, 45–46; power and, 60–61
life: biology of, 85–86; fostering life or leaving to die, 181–88
Lilla, Mark, 3
Lille Course: Heidegger’s Letter on Humanism and, 81–83; on humanism and anthropology, 75–81; on humanist double, 83–85; on Marx, 73, 74, 75–81; Nietzsche and, 80–83; The Order of Things and, 84–88; quasi-transcendentals and, 85–88
Lippmann, Walter, 35
Machiavelli, Niccolò di Bernardo dei, 33, 118
Maier, Charles, 126
Marcuse, Herbert, 9
Marjolin, Robert, 126
Marker, Chris, 53
Marx, Karl: on alienation, 78–79; ambiguity on, 80–82; Capital, Vol. II, by, 7–15, 27; Lille Course on, 73, 74, 75–81; Nietzsche and, 81; on power, 10
Marxism, x–xi; Althusser on, 75–82, 84; The Birth of Biopolitics and, 8, 14; disillusionment with, 5, 7–8; Foucault’s “How to Get Rid of Marxism?,” 20, 55; genealogy and, 113–14, 116, 121; German neoliberalism and, 47; governmentality and, 113–14, 116; humanism and, 75–81, 84–88; Kant and, 114; philosophy and, 75–81, 84–88; political imaginary and, 55; postwar, 75; postwar left and, 54–55; socialism, liberalism, and, 7–15, 27, 116, 121; socioeconomic class and, 173; state and, xi, xiii, xxin27, 5–6
media, 24
Metaphysics (Aristotle), 21
“Michel Foucault Investigates” (Corriere della sera), 122–23, 141
migration, 115; human capital and, 182–86; humanitarian reason and, 185–86; labor and, 186–87; neoliberalism and, 183–88; refugee crisis and, xvii, 181, 185, 187–88
Miller, James, 115
Minc, Alain, 24
Mitterand, François, 43, 56, 66, 115
morality, 61–62; interest, as moral conduct, 167–70
Moreno Pestaña, José Luis, viii, 2, 65
Nazism, xv, 34, 35–36, 50, 120
neoliberalism: artificiality and, 103, 167; in contemporary politics, 4–5; debate on, 1–7, 26–27; defining, xviiin3; denaturalization and, 171–74; emergence of, 4–5; four basic views on, xiv, 1–7, 26–27; globalization and, 3–4; beyond left and right, 58–65; migration and, 183–88. See also German neoliberalism; liberalism; specific topics
neoliberal subject, 4, 105, 168
neoliberal thought collective, 2–3
Neumann, Franz, 132
“The New Internal Order” (Foucault), 16–18
New Left, xixn12, 19–20, 53–54
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 21, 42, 73, 88, 97–98; biopolitics and, 89–91; governmentality and, 101; Heidegger and, 82–83; Lille Course and, 80–83; Marx and, 81; on truth and will to know, 99–101
“Nietzsche, Freud, Marx” (Foucault), 8–9, 81
Nora, Simon, 24
La Nouvelle Raison du Monde (Dardot and Laval), 3–4
oikonomia, 150
The Order of Things (Foucault), xv, 8, 73, 75; humanism in, 77–78, 80–81, 84–88
ordoliberalism. See German neoliberalism
pastoral power, 61–62, 99, 105–7, 127, 139
PCF. See French Communist Party
Penser la revolution française (Furet), 58
perpetual peace, 37, 41–42, 51n24, 118, 124–25
phenomenology, 76–79, 83, 113, 129
Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel), 78–79
philosophy, xiv; alienation and, 78–80; God in, 78, 79, 83, 84–85; humanism and, 74–85; on Iranian Revolution, 141–53; Marxism and, 75–81, 84–88; quasi-transcendentals, 85–88; transcendentalism and, 76–78
Plato, 21
police state, 58; governmentality and, 37, 48–50, 118–19; Polizeiwissenschaft, 37, 49; socialism and, 125
political imaginary, 55
political parties, 56–57; French Socialist Party, 43–44, 55–56; identity/identarian politics and, xixn12, 5–7, 9, 27. See also French Communist Party
political spirituality, 142, 144, 146–47, 149, 151
politics. See specific topics
Polizeiwissenschaft, 37, 49. See also police state
population management, 24–25, 158–60
positions on Foucault: debating neoliberalism, liberalism, and Foucault, 1, 1–7, 26–27; four basic views on neoliberalism, xiv, 1–7, 26–27; position 1, 1, 2; position 2, 1, 2–3; position 3, 3; position 4, 3–5
postwar Marxism, 75
power, xi, xiii, xvi, xxin27; analysis of, 9–10; anti-statism and, 60; Bentham on, 10; in Capital, Vol. II, 10–15; capitalism and, 12–15; in contemporary politics, 114–15; critique and, 65; decreasing power of state, 23–26; Discipline and Punish on, 9, 10, 13, 114–15, 143; excess of, 39, 41; Gaullist, 53–54; governmentality and, 25–26, 99, 103–4, 118–19; The History of Sexuality on, 9–10; labor and, 13–15; liberalism and, 25–26; liberty and, 60–61; Marx on, 10; mechanisms of, 10; new power form, 24; pastoral, 61–62, 99, 105–7, 127, 139; repressive, 62–63; resistance to, 60, 143–44, 148–49; revolts against, 60; self, truth, and, 88–89, 91; social control and, 24–25, 64–65; socialism and, 117; soft, 23–24; sovereignty and, 10; technology and, 24, 130
Principles for Future Philosophy (Feuerbach), 78
prison system, 24–25, 41, 62, 89–90, 117–18
problematization, 98–99, 104, 131
production: capitalism and, 11–12, 14–15; human capital and, 168–69, 170–71
psychologism, 74
RAF. See Rote Armee Fraktion
Rawls, John, 130
reason: governmentality and, 3–4; humanitarian, 185–86; Kant on, 119; political, 125–26
refugee crisis, xvii, 181, 185, 187–88
religion: God, in philosophy, 78, 79, 83, 84–85; pastoralism and, 118–21, 125–27; pastoral power and, 61–62, 99, 105–7, 127, 139
resistance, xvi–xvii, 60, 143–44, 148–49
Revel, Judith, 60
revolution: economy and, 127; French Revolution, 58, 118; sexual, 90; socialist, 53, 57–58, 118, 144. See also Iranian Revolution
Rocard, Michel, 43, 55–56, 116, 129–30
Röpke, Wilhelm, 34, 35, 39–40, 117, 131
Rorty, Richard, 2
Rosanvallon, Pierre, xii, 46, 54–57, 67; The Birth of Biopolitics and, xxnn18–19; on self-management, 151–52
Rote Armee Fraktion (RAF), 42
Rougier, Louis, 125
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 10, 118, 124
Scottish Enlightenment, xii, 170
“second left,” xi–xii, xiv, 65–68
Security, Territory, Population (Foucault), 24, 27n1, 118–19, 145, 147–48
self, 116; autonomy of, 61–62, 105; entrepreneur of, 4, 168–70, 173–75; genealogy of, 112–13; governmentality and, 97–98; identity and, 63–64; sexuality and, 112; truth, power, and, 88–89, 91
self-management, 46, 128, 151–52
sexuality, 56, 60, 65, 114–15, 150; governmentality and, 63, 128; homosexuality, 128; humanism and, 86; self and, 112; sexual revolution and, 90; state and, 128. See also The History of Sexuality
Simons, Henry, 40
singular sovereign state, xvi, 132
social control: democracy and, 18; language and, 118; population management and, 24–25, 158–60; poverty and, 103; power and, 24–25, 64–65; technology and, 24–25
The Social Crisis of Our Time (Röpke), 40
socialism: The Birth of Biopolitics on, 58–59; in contemporary politics, 43–44; economy and, 43–45, 49–50; fascism and, 19–20; French Socialist Party and, 43–44, 55–56; German neoliberalism and, 34–35, 40, 43–50; governmentality and, 47–49; liberalism, Marxism, and, 7–15, 27, 116, 121; police state and, 125; power and, 117; “second left” and, xi–xii, 67–68; socialist analysis and, 48–49; totalitarianism and, 125, 130
socialist revolution, 53, 57–58, 118, 144
social market economy, xv, 34, 35, 41, 46, 101–2
social reform, 62, 65–66, 115–16
The Social Structures of the Economy (Bourdieu), 160–62, 166, 171
Société française de philosophie (Foucault), 37–38
Society Against the State (Clastres), xiii
Society Must Be Defended (Foucault), 118
socioeconomic class, xixn12; class struggle and, xi, 68, 103, 173; human capital relating to, 158–59, 160–67, 171, 173, 175; Marxism and, 173; poverty and, 103, 113–14
Somma, Alessandro, 35
soul, 112
sovereignty, 97; power and, 10; singular sovereign state and, xi, 132; war and, 118
Specter, Matthew, ix
spirit, 78
spirituality, political, 142, 144, 146–47, 149, 151
Stanford University, 5–6, 28n14, 29n20
state: anti-statism, xiii, 59–63; conceptions of, xiii; decreasing power of, 23–26; expansion of, 5–6; fascism and, 16–24; genealogy and, 121–22; human rights and, 4; institutional politics and, 56–57; Iranian Revolution relating to, 143–44, 148–50, 151; left governmentality and, 55–57, 65–67; Lepage on, 127–28; Marxism and, xi, xiii, xxin27, 5–6; phobia, 16–17, 25–26, 121, 123, 125; poverty and, 103; sexuality and, 128; singular sovereign, xvi, 132; unions and, 53–56; war and, 124; welfare, 118–21, 162–63; will and, 66. See also police state; power
TCE. See Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
technology: Polizeiwissenschaft and, 37, 49; power and, 24, 130; social control and, 24–25
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 5, 7–8, 49
“Torture Is Reason” (Foucault), 58
totalitarianism: fascism and, 19–23; leftist politics and, 55–56; liberalism and, 22–23; socialism and, 125, 130; socialist revolution and, 57–58
Totality and Infinity (Levinas), 186
transcendentalism, 76–78; quasi-transcendentals, 85–88
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE), 34, 35
Trilateral Commission, 18
truth, 97–98; genealogy and, 99–104; governmentality and, 101–2, 105; self, power, and, 88–89, 91; social market economy and, 101–2
Tullock, Gordon, 40
University of California, Berkeley, 5–6, 28n14, 29n20
Vincennes conference, 16–25, 30n40
Viveret, Patrick, 54, 55–56, 67
La volonté de savoir (Foucault), 21
voting age, 62
Walzer, Michael, 3
war, 51n24, 67, 115, 117; economy, 127; German neoliberalism and, 125; sovereignty and, 118; state and, 124
Western political theory, 122–23, 125
“What Is an Author?” (Foucault), 88
“What Is Enlightenment” (Foucault), 88–89, 106
will, 54; collective, 20–21; communism and, 20–21; fascism and, 21–22; to know, 97, 99–104, 181–85; state and, 66
The Will to Knowledge (Foucault), 181–85
Wolin, Richard, 28n10
Wolin, Sheldon, 120