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Page numbers in italics refer to maps.
Abe, Hiroaki, 69, 77
Abe, Zenji, 450, 482, 483–84
Adachi, Hatazo, 224
Adak Island, U.S. airfield on, 227
Admiralty Islands, 235, 242, 456
King’s proposed Allied offensive in, 223–24, 232
Advance Force, Japanese, 69, 77
African Americans:
and Espiritu Santo base, 15
in San Francisco, 247–48
Afrika Korps, 97
Agano, 413
A-Go battle plan, 447, 449, 451, 459
Aikoku Maru, 407
Ainsworth, Walden Lee “Pug,” 233
Air Command Solomons (AIRSOLS), 222–23, 231, 236, 237, 238, 419, 420
aircraft carriers:
changing tactics of, 387
Combat Information Centers in, 369, 371, 387
conservative deployment of, 373
CVEs, 301
Essex-class, 301–2, 313, 328, 428
in GALVANIC, 340–42
Japanese night attacks on, 373
in Marshall Islands campaign, 373–74
new methods for resupply of, 387
strategic role of, 59, 60
vulnerability of, 59
see also specific ships and task forces
Aircraft Central Pacific, 333
Air Group Five, 330
Akagi, 9
Akigumo, 153
Alabama, 478
Alameda Naval Air Station, 246
Alamo Force, 240
Albacore (submarine), 484–85
Aleutian Islands:
air war in, 226–27
Japanese forces in, 225–31
Japanese supply convoy for, 228
submarine warfare in, 227, 229
Allied conference (August 1943), 436–37
Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), 218
Allies:
Casablanca conference of, 10, 307–11
Germany-first strategy of, xiii, 10–11, 93, 94, 127–29, 307–8, 310–11
London conference of, 95
Quebec conference of, 235
unconditional Japanese surrender demanded by, 537
Washington conference of (1942), 95
Washington conference of (1943), 312
Amatsukaze, 76, 78
Amchitka Island, 227
Americal Division (U.S. Army), 134
amphibious warfare, 17–18
interservice rivalries and, 8–9
marines’ experience in, 17–18, 322
amtracs (LVTs), 347, 348, 351, 364, 390, 391–92, 400
in Tarawa assault, 335
Anderson, George W., 329
Anderson, USS, 153
Annapolis, see Naval Academy, U.S.
antiaircraft fire, radar-directed, 369
antisubmarine warfare (ASW), Japanese inattention to, 259, 282–83
Anzai, Hitoshi, 524
Aoba, 41
Aola, Guadalcanal, xxiv, xxv, xxvii
Apamama, 342
Apra Harbor, 511, 512, 513, 516–17, 518, 519
Arakawa, Hiroyo, 115
Arashio, 225
Arawe, New Britain, 240
Archibald, Katherine, 248, 249
Argenlieu, Georges Thierry d,’ 200
Argonaut, USS, 251
Argonne, USS, 125, 197, 199
Ariyama, Sachi, 532
Arizona, USS, 289, 290, 292
Army, U.S., 500
in interservice rivalries, 5–9, 158
methodical tactics of, 395–96, 499
see also specific units
Army Air Forces, U.S. (USAAF), 6–7, 20, 56, 438
exaggerated claims of, 158
and Germany-first strategy, 127–28
Navy rivalry with, 227, 324
promotions in, 324
Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 56, 125, 223, 324, 434, 438, 441
Germany-first strategy backed by, 127–29, 157–58, 159
King and, 437
Arnold, Jackson D., 490
Asahi Shinbun, 527, 529, 535
Ashford, Bill, 198
Ashizuri, 453
Aslito Airfield, 467, 468, 498
Associated Press, 97
Astoria, USS, 46, 47–48, 51–52, 53
Atago, 147
Atlanta, USS, 155, 162, 165
Atlantic Ocean, German wolf packs in, 278
Attu Island, 417
Japanese forces on, 225–30
U.S. assault on, 229–30, 444
Auckland, New Zealand, 12
Austen, Mount, Guadalcanal, 26, 138, 175
Australia, xxiii, 13
distrust of authority in, 215
MacArthur in, 215–16
sports as obsession in, 212
Australia, U.S. servicemen in, 209–10
in Brisbane riots, 214–15
strained relations between civilians and, 213–15
warm welcome given to, 212
women and, 210–11, 213
Australia, HMAS, 39, 43
B-17 Flying Fortresses, 100, 223
B-24 Liberators, 342
B-29 Superfortresses, 307
Backus, Paul, 478, 495
Badoglio, Pietro, 444
Bagley, 52
Bak, Michael, 364
Baker Island, 342
Baldwin, Hanson, 97, 98
Ballale Island, 157, 203, 205
Ballantine, Robert, 99
Ballentine, John J., 328, 329
Baltimore, 410
banzai charges, 504–6, 510
Barbey, Daniel E., 239
Barton, 163
Bataan Peninsula, Philippines, xxi, 141
“Bat Team” fighters, 374–76, 463
battleships, Iowa-class, 386–87
Beach, Edward L. “Ned,” Jr., 278
Beaurepaire, Frank, 213
Beaver, Floyd, 152, 245
Becker, Adolph E., Jr., 516–17
Belleau Wood, 301, 405, 463, 478, 494, 495–96
Benhaum, 169–70
Betchik, Tony, 141
Betelgeuse, 53
Betio Island, 338, 345, 364, 367
Japanese fortifications on, 320, 321–22, 334, 343, 345–46, 358, 362–63
Japanese troop strength on, 345
naval and air bombardment of, 343–44, 346
rebuilding efforts on, 361
U.S. landings on, 346, 348–49
Biak Island, 456, 462
Japanese determination to hold, 454–55
Bierer, Bion B., 48
Bismarck Archipelago, 11, 235, 242, 418
Blair, Clay, 278
Blanchard, J. W., 484
Blandy, William H. P. “Spike,” 282
“Bless ’Em All,” 212
Bloody Ridge, Battle of, 106, 121, 130
Blue, USS, 43, 45
Bluefish, USS, 453
Bluegill, USS, 453
Board of Information, Japanese, 526, 527, 532
Bode, Howard D., 43, 46, 57
Bogese, George, xxviii
Boise, 135
BOLERO, Operation, 95, 96
Bombing Squadron 10, 404
Bond, Roger, 340, 387
Bonefish, 453
Bonin Islands, 449
Bonis, 235
Bonnell, Lieutenant, 243
Book of Five Spheres (Musashi), 188
Borneo, oil fields on, 282, 285, 416, 448
Bougainville Island, xvii, 13, 30, 37, 76, 99, 157, 184, 203, 205, 224, 232, 233, 238, 262
Buka Airfield on, 62
coastwatchers in, 157
Japanese troops on, xxv, 235
U.S. landings on, 236, 340
Bougainville Strait, 263
Boulier, Kenneth A., 205
Boyington, Gregory “Pappy,” 408
Bradlee, Ben, 501–2
Briggs, Laura, 247
Brisbane:
MacArthur’s headquarters in, 217
New Farm Wharf in, 264–65
1942 riots in, 214, 265
Brisbane Courier-Mail, 214, 215
British Empire, racism in, xx
Brooke, Alan, 10, 95–96
central Pacific offensive opposed by, 307–12
Brown, Julian, 198, 199
Browning, Miles, 198, 200–201
Bryan, Joseph, III, 323
Buell, Harold, 105, 191, 305, 386, 463–64, 490–91, 492, 494, 495
Buin, Bougainville, xxv, 62, 157, 179, 203, 206, 234, 235, 419
Japanese airstrip at, 122
Buka Island, xxvi, 37, 38, 157, 235
Buka Passage, xxv, 37
Buna, 220
Bunker Hill, USS (CV-17), 328, 405, 530
Bureau of Aeronautics, U.S. Navy, 301, 304, 305, 323
Bureau of Ordnance, U.S. Navy, 255–56, 277, 278, 279, 281–82
Burke, Arleigh “31-Knot,” 233, 236, 389, 476–77, 479, 494
appointed Mitscher’s chief of staff, 436
Burma, 418
bushido, 186–87, 507
Butaritari Island, 320, 361–62
Cabot, 405, 478
Cactus Air Force, 71, 103, 166, 222, 458
daily missions of, 135–36
in dogfights with Japanese, 100–101
Enterprise and Saratoga squadrons in, 82, 103, 105
Japanese troop transports attacked by, 167–68, 172–73
night missions of, 104
October 13–14 decimation of, 140
reinforcements for, 102–3, 135
see also Marine Aircraft Group 23
Cairo Allied conference (November 1943), 437, 438
Calhoun, C. Raymond, 162
Calhoun, William L., 198, 333, 440
California, USS, 291, 292
Callaghan, Daniel J., 22, 160, 161
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 162, 164
Camp Cable, 209
Canberra, HMAS, 45–46, 51, 53
cannibalism, xviii, 191
Canton Island, 124, 144, 342, 389
Cape Esperance, 164, 178, 184
Cape Esperance, Battle of, 135
Cape Gloucester, New Britain, 240
Cape Moira, Bougainville, 206
Cape St. George, New Ireland, 41
Cape Torokina, Bougainville, 235, 236
Carney, Robert B., 146, 201, 222, 232, 440
Carney Field, 190, 242
Caroline Islands, 116, 312, 449
Carpender, Arthur S., 218
carrier bombers, Japanese, 470
Carrier Division 1, Japanese, 419, 448, 473, 482
aircraft of, 420
Carrier Division 2, Japanese, 486
aircraft losses of, 420–21
aircraft of, 419
Carrier Division 3, Japanese, 473
CARTWHEEL, Operation, 224, 241, 313
air campaign in, 231, 236–39
Bougainville landings in, 236, 340
Emirau Island landings in, 242
Green Islands landings in, 240, 242
leapfrogging strategy in, 232, 240, 242
morale and discipline problems in, 231–32
naval battles in, 233–35, 236–37
New Britain campaign in, 239–40
New Georgia campaign in, 222, 231–32
Rabaul bypassed in, 232, 235, 240
Casablanca conference (1943), 10, 307–11
CATCHPOLE, Operation, see Eniwetok, Battle of
Cavalla (submarine), 471, 473, 475, 485
Cavite Naval Base, Manila Bay, 254–55
Cawley, David, 404
Central Pacific Fleet, see Fifth Fleet, U.S.
central Pacific offensive, 237, 314, 320
Brooke’s opposition to, 307–12
conservative deployment of carriers in, 373
interservice sensitivities in, 321
King’s advocacy of, 235, 306–7, 308, 313
Kwajalein landing in, see Kwajalein, Battle of
leapfrogging strategy in, 384, 401, 403
MacArthur’s opposition to, 306, 313
Marianas in, see Marianas campaign
Nimitz and, 312–13, 317
Spruance placed in command of, 315–16
submarine warfare in, 368–69, 402, 413
central Pacific offensive, air war in, 368–83
airfield attacks in, 388
Bat Team tactics in, 374–76
dogfights in, 371, 388
Japanese losses in, 456
Japanese night attacks in, 369–70, 381–82
U.S. night attacks in, 412
Chambers, Justice, 21, 36
Chambers, USS, 50
Chambliss, William C., 110, 111
Chamorros, 511, 517, 521
Charan Kanoa, 465, 468
Cheetah Shoals, 23
CHERRY BLOSSOM, Operation, 236
Chevalier, USS, 234–35
Chiang Kai-Shek, xxii, 437
Chicago, USS, 36, 43, 45–46, 53, 57, 60, 183
Chichi Jima, 440, 449, 463, 464
Chikuma, 69, 78, 150
Childs, Marquis, 87
China:
basing of B-29s in, 437–38
in war with Japan, 437
China Air Fleet, 447
China Incident (1937), 429
Chinese air force, Japanese superiority over, xxii
Chitose, 69, 453
chivalry, modern warfare and, 204
Chiyoda, 257–58, 491
Choiseul Island, 42
Chokai, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48
Christie, Ralph, 278
as Southwest Pacific Area submarine commander, 280
torpedo performance defended by, 280–81
Chuo Koran, 528–29
Churchill, Winston, 9, 94, 128n, 308, 311, 390
map room of, 93
TORCH proposed by, 97
and U.S. pressure for invasion of France, 95, 96
CINCPAC, 297–98, 477
CINCPAC Hill, 519–20
Civilian Conservation Corps, 88
Clark, Joseph J. “Jocko,” 327, 368, 370, 371, 382, 388, 463, 472–73, 474, 477
Cherokee ancestry of, 326
conservative deployment of carrier criticized by, 373
and Japanese Kwajalein counterattack, 379–80
in Kwajalein raid, 377
in Operation TORCH, 327–28
personality and appearance of, 326–27
Pownall and, 341
and Pownall’s refusal to order second strike in Kwajalein, 379, 381, 382–83
in race to beat Essex to Pearl Harbor, 328–29
SB2Cs rejected by, 331–32
as stern taskmaster, 326–27, 330–31
as Yorktown (CV-10) commander, 328–29
as “Young Turk,” 326
Clarke, Charles P., 44
Clemens, Martin, 141, 156
as Guadalcanal district officer, xxiv–xxviii
in Guadalcanal campaign, 66–67, 71, 72, 73, 107, 140
in move to Palapao, xxviii
in move to Vungana, xxix–xxx
native constabulary of, xxviii, xxix, 72, 74
coastwatching service, xxiv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 37–38, 66, 99–100, 157
Cogswell, USS, 253
Colorado, USS, 301, 343
Columbia University, xv
Combat Information Centers (CICs), 233, 369, 371, 387, 480–82
Combat Intelligence Unit (“Station Hypo”), 203
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCOS), 232, 235, 307, 309, 312, 437, 438
Combined Fleet, Japanese, 9, 68, 82, 105, 118, 122, 147, 201, 202, 224, 368, 403, 404, 416, 418, 446, 454, 531
restructuring of, 447
COMSOPAC staff:
esprit de corps of, 198–99
in move to Noumea quarters, 199–200
Conger, Jack, 101
Congress, U.S., partisanship in, 87–88
Conolly, Richard L., 390, 391–92, 458, 511
Cooke, Charles M., Jr. “Savvy,” 325
Cooperman, Al, 380
Coral Sea, xvii, xxix, 13, 23
Coral Sea, Battle of, xxvi–xxvii, 7, 59, 79, 83, 102, 124, 154, 186, 220, 301
Corlett, Charles H., 396
Corregidor Island, Philippines, xxi
MacArthur’s escape from, 216–17
Cowpens, USS, 368, 405, 411, 495
Creehan, E. P., 153
Creswell, L. B., 73
Crevalle, USS, 453
Crommelin, Charlie, 370
Crossing the Line (Kernan), 374
Crowe, Henry P., 355, 358
Cruiser Division 6, Japanese, 41
Cruiser Division 8, Japanese, 154
Crutchley, Victor A. C., 20, 42, 455
Cruz Point, Guadalcanal, 190
CUB-1 (navy construction team), 71–72, 103
Curtin, John, 216
Curtiss, Glenn, 323
Curtiss, USS, 148
Cushing, USS, 163
Daijo Zen, 538
Daimler-Benz, 427
Dale, USS, 14, 110
Daly, Joseph R., 32
Dashiell, USS, 344
Davis, Arthur C., 79, 107–8
Davis, Bill, 296, 303–4
Dealey, Samuel D., 453
defense industry:
African Americans in, 247–48
in Hawaii, 295–96
in San Francisco, 246–49
unions in, 249
women in, 248
de Gaulle, Charles, 200
Democrats, 88
Depression, Great, 85–86
Destroyer Division 45, 236
Dewey, 22
DeWitt, John L., 444
Dickson, Donald, 26, 35
Diller, LeGrande “Pick,” 219
Dirty Tricks Department, 232, 235
Doak, Ralph, 354
Dolphin, 92
Domei News Service, 536–37
Doolittle, James H., 7
Doolittle Raid, 7
Dower, John, 507
Duncan, Donald, 300–301, 302, 329
Duncan, USS, 135
Dutch East Indies, xxiii, 441
oil fields of, 449
dysentary, 64
East Brother Island Station, 252
Eastern Solomons, Battle of the, 77–82, 80
East Indies, 255, 418
Edson, Merritt, 104, 106, 156, 359
Efate, 11, 13, 14, 15, 60, 70, 132
Eichelberger, Robert L., 220
Eighteenth Army, Japanese, 224
Eighth Area Army, Japanese, 179, 224
Eighth Base Force, Japanese, 40
Eighth Fleet, Japanese, 29, 40–41, 67, 105, 189
in Battle of Savo Island, 43–51
8th Infantry Brigade Group (New Zealand), 236
8th Marine Regiment, 352, 354
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 10
elections, U.S., of 1942, 86–87, 97, 146
Eleventh Air Fleet, Japanese, 105, 122, 189
ELKTON offensive, see New Georgia campaign
Ellice Islands, 333, 389
U.S. invasion of, 315
Elliott, USS, 51
Emirau Island, U.S. landings on, 242
Empress Augusta Bay, Bougainville, 235, 340
Engebi Island, 399, 400
English, Robert Henry, 255, 257, 260, 278, 280
Eniwetok, Battle of, 389–90, 400, 441
captured Japanese documents in planning of, 399–400
Eniwetok Atoll, 398–99, 418, 460
Japanese forces on, 399
Eniwetok Expeditionary Group (Task Group 51.11), 399
Enterprise, USS, 7, 17, 20, 21, 33, 59, 76, 77–80, 83, 107, 127, 146, 149–50, 151, 154, 166, 167, 168, 186, 193, 194, 340, 373, 374, 376, 404, 405, 407, 484, 493, 495
in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 79–83
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149–52, 160
casualties on, 83–84
Escort Carrier Group, 364
Espiritu Santo, 13, 43, 62, 70, 76, 83, 102, 108, 125, 132, 142, 167, 172, 191, 193
primitive conditions at, 129
Seabees on, 14–15
Essex, USS, 300, 381, 388, 404, 405, 412, 428
Everton, Loren D. “Doc,” 70, 73
Ewa Field, 70
F4F Wildcats, 32, 79, 303
in dog fights with Zeros, 31–34, 100–101
F6F Hellcats, 302–4
“face”, loss of, in Japanese Navy, 447
Fahey, James J., 194, 211, 212, 236–37, 480, 501, 509
Farragut, David, 145
Fast Carrier Force, see Task Force 58
Felt, Harry D., 76–78
Fife, James, Jr., 264, 265, 271, 278
5th Marine Regiment, 34–35, 73, 156
5th Naval Construction Brigade, 517
Fifth Air Attack Force, Japanese, 67
Fifth Air Force, U.S., 223, 224, 236, 238, 420, 438
“skip-bombing” technique of, 224–25
Fifth Amphibious Corps (VAC), 317, 321, 434, 458, 459, 468
H. Smith as commander of, 317
Fifth Amphibious Force, 333
Fifth Fleet, U.S., 237, 242, 313, 315, 316, 339, 373, 384, 386, 402, 419, 436, 438, 449, 453, 456, 531
amphibious fleet of, 317
Spruance appointed commander of, 315, 325
Fifty-First Division, Japanese, 179
Fiji Archipelago, 11, 20, 21, 125, 190
Finschafen, New Guinea, 239
fire control systems, 49, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 186
1st Marine Division, 12, 15–16
in assault on Cape Gloucester, 240
in evacuation from Guadalcanal, 209
in Guadalcanal campaign, see Guadalcanal campaign
in Marshall Islands campaign, 313
in Melbourne, 209–10, 212
Tulagi landing of, 26, 29
1st Marine Engineer Battalion, 69
1st Marine Raider Battalion, 21, 104, 106
1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 512
First Air Fleet, Japanese, 449, 452, 463
First Battleship Division, Japanese, 450, 473
First Marine Amphibious Corps, 236
First Mobile Fleet, Japanese, 447, 461–62, 469–72, 473, 497, 530, 531
in A-Go battle plan, 449
crude oil employed as fuel for, 451
fuel shortages of, 448
inexperience of pilots in, 447–48
submarine threat and, 448
U.S. submarine tracking of, 453
Fitch, Aubrey “Jake,” 129, 158
Flatley, Jimmy, 167, 330
Fleet Radio Unit Pacific (FRUPAC), 284
Fletcher, Frank Jack, 108, 220
and Battle of the Eastern Solomons, 77–79, 83
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 22, 23, 30–31, 34, 37, 43, 51, 57–58, 60, 61–62
and KA-Go counteroffensive, 75–76
in Solomons offensive, 107–8
Fletcher, USS, 161
FLINTLOCK, Operation, see Kwajalein, Battle of
Flying Fish, USS, 253, 471
Fomalhaut, USS, 61
FORAGER, Operation, see Marianas campaign
Forrestal, James V., 325, 398, 436
Forty-Seventh Independent, 459
Forty-Third Division, 459, 460
Foss, Joe, 100, 137
442nd Regimental Combat Team, 295
475th Fighter Group, 223
4th Marine Division, 457, 468, 498–99, 510, 512–13
in Kwajalein battle, 390, 391–95
Fourth Infantry Regiment, Japanese, 156
Fox, Clifford, 102
France, Vichy regime in, 200
France, Finley, Jr., 380
Franks, USS, 364
Fraser, Peter, 197
Fraser, Thomas E., 169
Free French, 200
Freemantle, 255
Fujita, Iyozo, 157, 425
Fukudome, Shigeru, 405, 446
Fulton, USS, 265
Funafuti atoll, 333, 342, 370
Furlong, William R., 292
Furutaka, 41, 46
Galvan, David, 71, 106
GALVANIC, Operation, 315, 317, 320, 325, 333, 345, 364, 367, 499
carrier operations in, 340–42
chain of command in, 318–19
Ellice Islands landings in, 315
Funafuti atoll as forward base for, 333
interservice rivalries in, 362, 434
land-based air support for, 333
logistics of, 332–33
Nauru landings in, 315
Nimitz and, 325
Spruance and, 325
Towers and, 325
Turner and, 325
see also Tarawa, Battle of
Gard, Ray, 339
Garrett, Vern, 355
Gavutu Island, xxiii, 25, 75
Japanese resistance on, 36–37
Geiger, Roy, 103, 106, 130, 136, 138, 458, 497–98, 511, 513
in Guadalcanal campaign, 140
George, Flavius J., 161, 163
George III, King of England, 253
George F. Elliott, USS, 39, 45
Germany, Nazi, xiii, 94
air campaign against, 128
eastern front and, 11, 94, 96, 308–9, 530
Getting, Frank, 45
Gettysburg, Battle of, 366
Ghormley, Robert L., 12, 15, 16–17, 20, 56, 198, 199, 514
appointed COMSOPAC, 12
deteriorating health of, 125, 143
FDR and, 143
and Guadalcanal campaign, 18, 22, 43, 57, 58, 60, 62, 83, 109, 123, 125–26, 134, 142
KA-Go counteroffensive and, 75
relieved of command, 143–44
in Solomons offensive, 107
Gilbert Islands, 13, 237, 319, 333, 419
aerial and submarine reconnaissance of, 321–22
lack of accurate charts for, 321
U.S. airfields in, 389
U.S. invasion of, 314–15, 342
Ginder, Samuel P., 399
Gizo Harbor, 105
Goettge, Frank, 65–66
Goto, Aritomo, 135
Great Britain:
buildup of U.S. forces in, 95, 96
Germany-first strategy of, 306, 308, 310–11
Mediterranean operation advocated by, 309, 311
Great Depression, 85–86
Green Islands, U.S. landing on, 240, 242
Greenman, Captain, 51–52
Greenman, William G., 47
Grider, George W., 257, 258, 259, 260, 262, 265, 267, 268, 272, 273
Grumman Corporation, 304
Guadalcanal, Naval Battle of, 174
Japanese defeat in, 174
Phase One of, 162–66, 164
Phase Two of, 168–73, 171
Guadalcanal campaign, xxxi, 16, 17–18, 27, 58, 95, 97, 123, 130–31, 142, 257, 317, 318, 416, 417, 458, 501, 514–15
aerial reconnaissance for, 19
aftermath of, 189–90
army reinforcements as lacking in, 131–32, 159
chain of command in, 20, 60
coastwatchers and, 99–100
as decisive conflict in Pacific War, 120
deteriorating Japanese morale in, 175
disease and, 64, 131, 175
“Dugout Sunday” (October 25) in, 156
Edson’s Ridge (Bloody Ridge) in, 104, 106, 121, 130
1st Marine Division evacuated from, 209
first Japanese counterstrike against, see Savo Island, Battle of
food supplies in, 61, 99, 132
Halsey’s appointment as morale booster in, 145
Hirohito and, 122
inadequacy of maps for, 18–19
intelligence on Japanese troops as lacking in, 65–66
Japanese airstrikes in, 30–34, 38–39
Japanese bombing and strafing in, 62–63, 65, 156
Japanese caught by surprise by, 29
Japanese contemplation of withdrawal from, 179–80
Japanese estimates of U.S. troop strength in, 121–22
Japanese evacuation (Operation KE) in, 183–85
Japanese food shortages in, 125, 174–76, 178
Japanese mortality in, 175–76
Japanese naval bombardments in, 63, 102
Japanese reinforcements in, 63, 72, 105, 133, 141, 147, 155, 156, 167–68, 174, 176
Japanese strategic and tactical blunders in, 188–89
Japanese supply problems in, 121, 155, 174–77, 183
Japanese troop strength in, 174, 176
Japanese underestimation of Marine troop strength in, 68, 155
Japanese vs. U.S. troop losses in, 187
King’s deadline for, 12, 15, 19, 20, 21
Koro rehearsal in, 21–22, 26
landing of munitions and supplies in, 39–40, 53–54
McCain and, 124–25
morale issues in, 62, 63–64, 65, 71, 131–32, 141–42
mutilation of Japanese dead in, 196
naval losses in, 186
“The Night” (October 13–14) in, 137–41
press coverage of, 97–98
reinforcements for, 107
Seabees in, 70, 103, 135, 190
2nd Marine Division in, 53
submarines and, 261, 262, 263
Task Force 16 in, 33
Task Force 61 in, 20, 23–24, 37, 43, 51
Task Force 62 in, 20–21, 23–24, 43, 52–53
Task Group 62.6 in, 20, 42–43
Tenaru River battle in, 73–76, 121
Tulagi landings in, 26, 29, 35–36
25th Infantry Division in, 183
Ugaki’s strategy for, 120–21
unburied Japanese dead in, 130, 131, 184, 189–90
U.S. landings in, 26–28, 34–35, 102, 120
U.S. naval barrage in, 29, 35–36, 155
U.S. perimeter in, 64–65, 72, 104, 130, 147
U.S. supply operations in, 19, 60–61, 83, 107, 125–26, 132–33, 160–61, 175
Guadalcanal campaign, air war in, 22, 31–34, 37, 38–39, 43, 53, 59, 98–104, 160–61, 304
aircraft losses in, 186
air search radar in, 100
aviator losses in, 186–87
Cactus Air Force in, see Cactus Air Force
dogfights in, 100–101
fighter losses in, 34, 58, 59
inexperience of Japanese pilots in, 156–57
Japanese losses in, 157–58
Marine Aircraft Group 21 in, 61
Marine Aircraft Group 23 in, 70–71
McCain and, 102–3, 124–25
pilot fatigue in, 125, 130, 136–37, 156
scouting patrols in, 103–4
Ugaki and, 121
U.S. fuel shortages in, 133, 140
U.S. reinforcements for, 102–3, 135
Guadalcanal Diary (Tregaskis), 97
Guadalcanal Island, xviii, xix, xxiv, 13, 14, 19, 22, 23–24, 26, 27, 49, 60, 108, 514
Carney Field on, 190
geography of, xxvii–xxviii, 34–35
Henderson Field on, see Henderson Field
“Hotel De Gink” on, 190
I-Go aerial attack on, 203
Japanese landing on, xxviii–xxix
Japanese withdrawal from, 444
Lever Brothers plantation on, 64
Tatvu Point in, 105
unfinished Japanese airstrip on, xxix, xxxi, 24, 25, 35, 37
“Guadalcanal twitch,” 63
Guam Island, 13, 307, 437, 438, 441, 451, 456, 458, 459, 461, 462, 467, 470, 474, 478, 497–98, 506, 511–12, 516–19, 530
American personnel on, 520
CINCPAC on, 519–20
Japanese holdouts on, 521–22
landing on, 512–13
naval bombardment of, 511–12
rebuilding of, 517–21
Guimaras Strait, 456
Gwin, USS, 169–70
HAILSTONE, Operation, see Truk Atoll, carrier raid on
Hale, Willis H., 7, 434
Haley, Alex, 211
Halsey, William F., Jr., 7, 125n, 168, 172, 240, 261, 317, 324, 340, 399, 420, 440, 515
Admiralty Islands offensive and, 223–24
anti-Japanese rhetoric of, 146, 159, 194–95
appointed COMSOPAC, 144, 145
atomic bombing of Japan criticized by, 195
Bougainville assault and, 236
CARTWHEEL and, 224
chain of command and, 220
and death of Yamamoto, 204–5
“Dirty Tricks Department” of, 232, 235
Guadalcanal campaign and, 183, 184, 185, 186
Guadalcanal trip of, 159–60
interservice rivalry detested by, 199
leadership qualities of, 197–98
MacArthur’s relationship with, 221–22
press and, 194, 197
in rash prediction of war’s end, 197
“rough brush” style of, 145
Solomons offensive and, 313
transfer of forces to central Pacific opposed by, 313
Hampton, Woodward M., 409–10
Hanks, Ralph, 368, 371
Hara, Tameichi, 150, 154, 181, 188, 234
Harder, USS, 453
Hardison, Osborne B., 152
Harmon, Millard F., 125, 134
Harper, John A., 494, 496
Harrill, William K., 463, 472–73, 478
Hart, Thomas C., 255
Haruna, 122, 137–38, 491
Hashimoto, Shintaro, 184
Hata, Shoryu, 527
Hatanaka, Shigeo, 528–29
Hawaii:
CINCPAC headquarters in, 297–98
defense workers in, 292–93, 295–96
interracial dating and marriages in, 296
Pacific War as gold rush for, 293–94
servicemen in, 296
USO clubs in, 294–95
Hawkins, William D., 355
Hawkins Field, 355
Hayanami, 453
headhunting, xviii, 191
Hearst, William Randolph, 87, 94, 366
Hedding, Truman J., 341, 369, 370, 372, 390, 436, 476, 489
Helena, USS, 155, 163, 165, 166, 255
Henderson Field, 62, 64, 65, 70–72, 75, 76, 80, 82, 83, 147, 156, 166, 175, 179, 189, 190, 203, 205, 353
Air Control at, 99–100
as AIRSOLS headquarters, 222
Japanese bombing of, 63, 78, 98–100, 105, 133, 135, 138, 156, 183
Japanese failure to recapture, 120
Japanese snipers at, 98
Japanese strafing of, 101–2, 135
naval bombardment of, 98, 122, 135, 137–39, 155, 167
primitive conditions at, 72
race to finish, 69–70
upgrading of, 103
Henderson, Lofton R., 63
Henkel, 427
Hepburn, Arthur J., 56–57
Hersey, John, 97
Hiei, 69, 416
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 163–65
sinking of, 166
Higgins, Andrew, 317
Higgins boats (LCVPs), 335, 347, 348–49, 391
Hill, Harry W., 55, 338, 343, 361, 362, 365, 398, 399, 400
in Tarawa assault, 333–34, 346–47
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 195, 417, 530, 531, 538
decisive fleet battle urged by, 417–18
Guadalcanal campaign and, 122
and Guadalcanal withdrawal, 182
and possible peace overtures, 536
public appearances of, 113–14
Tojo and, 422–23
Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 195
Hiryu, 9
Hitler, Adolf, 11, 95
Hiyo, 419, 428, 491, 530
Hobart, HMAS, 43
Hogan, Thomas W., 453
Hokkaido, 226
Holland, F. L. G., 322
Hollandia, New Guinea, 242, 441, 453
Holmes, Jasper, 203
Holtz Bay, Attu, 230
Honolulu, Hawaii, servicemen and defense workers in, 292–93
Hoover, Gilbert, 166
Hoover, John H., 333, 389, 434, 517
Hopkins, Harry, 92, 94, 95, 128
Horaniu, Vella Lavella, 234
Horikoshi, Jiro, 424, 426
Hori, Teikichi, 416
Hornet, USS (CV-8), 7, 21, 59, 83, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110–11, 127, 146, 150
sinking of, 150–51, 154, 158
Hornet, USS (CV-12), 201, 301, 327, 383, 387, 478, 493
Hosogaya, Boshiro, 225, 227, 229
“Hotel De Gink,” 190
Hoyo Maru, 407
Hull, 22
Hunters Point, San Francisco, 246
Huon Gulf, 239
Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, 239
Hurlbut, James, 35, 98
Hyakutake, Harukichi, 133, 224
Hynes, Samuel, 293, 304–5
I-19 (Japanese submarine), 110–11
I-26 (Japanese submarine), 108
Ichiki, Kiyonao, 72, 74, 104
I-Go, Operation, 202–3
Ijuin, Matsuji, 234
Ilu River, 34, 35, 65
Imamura, Hitoshi, 179, 181, 224
Imperial General Headquarters (IGHQ), 67, 122, 174, 181, 187, 227, 346, 421, 454, 530
press releases from, 527–28
U.S. losses on Savo Island inflated by, 67
Imperial General Staff, British, 307
Imperial Japanese Army:
banzai charge as main tactic of, 106–7
Imperial Navy’s rivalry with, 6, 179–80, 181–82, 188, 534
kodo faction of, 533–34
as unconcerned about U.S. Solomon campaign, 68
Imperial Japanese Navy, 9, 174, 236, 385, 404, 461, 514
A-Go battle plan of, 447, 449, 451, 454
aircraft of, xxii
antisubmarine warfare ignored by, 282–83
battleship strategy of, 119–20
captured war plans of, 446
crude oil employed as fuel for, 449, 451
“decisive fleet battle” strategy of, 415–16, 429, 449, 450
fuel shortages of, 416
fuel supply problems of, 121, 201
Imperial Army’s rivalry with, 6, 179–80, 181–82, 188, 534
importance of airpower and submarines downplayed by, 416
loss of “face” and chain-of-command in, 447
night-combat expertise of, 41–42
pilot exhaustion discounted by, 430
pilot training program of, 428–32
possibility of Marianas fleet battle discounted by, 449
shuttle-bombing tactic of, 451–52, 470
Yokaren program of, 430, 431–32
Inazuma, 453
Independence, USS (CVL-22), 301, 370
Indiana, 480
Indianapolis, USS, 245, 339, 343, 344, 458, 471, 500, 513
Indispensable Strait, 147
Inland Sea, 69, 75, 120, 419, 531
Instructions for American Servicemen in Australia, 209–10, 213
International News Service, 97
Intrepid, 405, 412, 413
Iowa-class battleships, 386–87, 410
Ironbottom Sound (Savo Sound), xxiv, xxix, xxxi, 19, 25, 31, 34, 35, 41, 43, 49, 50–51, 52, 55, 63, 67, 68, 69, 72, 98, 101, 102, 104, 107, 132, 133, 134–35, 137–38, 155, 160, 161, 165, 174, 176, 178, 183, 189, 243, 261
Ishida, Sumio, 541
Ishida, Yahachi, 184–85
isolationism, 87, 88
Italy, capitulation of, 444
Iwakuni Naval Air Station, 423
Iwo Jima, 440, 449, 463, 531
Izumi, Toru, 524
Jackson, Robert H., 85
Jaluit Atoll, 368, 384, 385
Japan:
aircraft production in, 423–25
black market in, 539, 540, 541
class antagonisms in, 540
conscription of labor in, 445–46
contrast of old and new in, 113
cremated remains of soldiers returned to, 523–25
critical lack of oil reserves in, 284–85
“dark valley” period in (1930–45), 117
declining steel production in, 285
deteriorating living conditions in, 114–15
expanded draft in, 115, 446
food shortages in, 539, 541
increasingly dark mood in, 443–46
new operational policy of, 418
Pacific and Southeast Asian conquests of, 114, 119
rise of crime in, 541
shipping losses of, 283, 413, 417, 423, 452, 539
undercurrents of dissent in, 539–41
in war with China, 437
Japan, press in:
censorship of, 525–26, 527–28
consolidation of, 529–30
government reprisals against, 526–27
Imperial General Headquarters and, 527–28
liberal and intellectual papers in, 528–29
newsprint shortages and, 527, 529
propaganda in, 114, 116, 180, 187, 196, 443–45, 507–8, 526, 527, 529, 532, 538
references to Hirohito in, 528
reports of American savagery played up in, 196
Saipan battle reports in, 532
war dead stories in, 525
Japanese fleet, destruction of, as primary U.S. goal, xiv
Japan Times and Advertiser, 445
Jarman, Sanderford, 499
Jarvis, USS, 39
Java, xxiii
Jett, Charlie, 77
Jintsu, 68–69, 83
Johore Strait, xxiii
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 6, 12, 16, 91, 92, 157, 192, 196, 220, 227, 312, 313, 319, 342, 434, 438, 440, 441
central Pacific offensive backed by, 306
Leahy as de facto chairman of, 93
Solomons offensive and, 223, 224
Joint Expeditionary Force, 457
Jones, John Paul, 145
Jones, Louis R., 394
Juneau, USS, 163
sinking of, 165–66
Junyo, 147, 155, 419, 428, 450, 491
jushin (senior statesmen), 533–34
Jutland, Battle of, 252, 415–16
Kaga, 9
KA-Go offensive, 68–69, 75–83
Kahili, 157
Kaiser, Henry, 247, 248–49
Kaiyo, 531
Kako, 41
Kakuta, Kakuji, 452, 454, 456, 463, 470, 488
kamikaze (divine wind) attacks, 537–38
Kangu Beach, Bougainville, xxv
Kanto Plain, 514
Kasumigaura Naval Air Training Center, 429, 432
Katori, 410–11
Kauffman, J. L. “Reggie,” 373, 378, 383
Kavieng, New Ireland, 41, 62, 235, 399
Allied bypassing of, 240, 242
Kawachi, Uichiro, 525, 527, 528
Kawaguchi, Kiyotake, 174, 187
Edson’s Ridge attack of, 106, 121, 130
at Taivu Point landing, 105
Kawaguchi, Taro, 505
KE, Operation (Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal), 183–85
Kempeitai (security service), 527, 535, 540, 541
Kennedy, Marvin G. “Pinky,” 251, 252, 260, 265
cautious tactics of, 258, 262, 264, 266
in first Wahoo patrol, 157–58
reassignment of, 265–66
in second Wahoo patrol, 262–64
Kenney, George C., 125, 126–27, 217–18, 219, 221, 223, 236, 438, 440
Kernan, Alvin B., 151, 374–75
Kido, Marquis Koichi, 533, 534, 536
and possible peace overtures, 537
Kido Butai, 41, 428, 459
King, C. S., 387–88
King, Ernest J., 6, 9–10, 91, 92, 96, 97, 102, 109, 143, 158, 197, 201, 220, 235, 279, 317, 324, 332, 386, 434, 435, 436, 459, 461, 502, 514–15, 516
Admiralty Islands offensive proposed by, 223–24, 232
Arnold and, 437
Battle of Savo Island and, 55–56, 57
belligerent personality of, 10
at Casablanca Conference, 307–8, 309–11
central Pacific offensive and, 235, 306–7, 308, 313, 320
GALVANIC and, 367
and Ghormley’s relief of command, 144
Guadalcanal campaign and, 19, 20, 21, 60, 97, 123, 142, 185–86
interservice rivalries and, 434
Marianas campaign and, 436, 440, 441
Marshalls invasion deadline of, 313
Pacific counteroffensive urged by, xiii, 10, 11–12
personality of, 193–94
Solomons offensive ordered by, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17
Tarawa battle and, 366
on unrestricted submarine warfare, 253
at Washington conference, 312
King, Richard, 468, 499–500
Kingman, Howard F., 365
Kinkaid, Thomas C., 146, 160, 161, 166, 221, 440, 442, 453
appointed commander of Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA), 218
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 148–49, 152
MacArthur and, 218–19
in Guadalcanal campaign, 33–34
Kinryu Maru, 83
Kinugasa, 41
Kirishima, 69, 171, 172, 416
Kiriwina Island, 239
Kiska Island:
Japanese forces on, 225–31
U.S. landing on, 230–31, 445
Kittredge, George, 36
Kiyosawa, Kiyoshi, 207, 432, 444, 535, 539
Kiyozumi Maru, 407
Knox, Frank, 7, 57, 142, 197, 201, 317, 436
Kobayashi, Masami, 407
Kodiak, Alaska, 226
Koga, Mineichi, 206, 224, 237, 242, 346, 368, 402, 405, 406, 415, 416, 420
death of, 446–47
Operation Z planned by, 418–19
Koiso, Kuniaki, 534, 535–36
Kokumbona, Guadalcanal, 105, 183
Kokusai Shashin Joho, 114, 180
Koli Point, 155, 190
Kolombangara Island, 232–33
Japanese evacuation of, 233, 234
Komatsu, Sakio, 484
Kommandorski Islands, Battle of the, 228–29, 233
KON, Operation, 454, 456
Kondo, Nobutake, 69, 77, 147, 188, 447
Kongo, 122, 137–38
Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 533–34, 536
Korea, natural resources of, 284
Koro Island, 20
landing rehearsal on, 21–22, 26
Kossler, Herman J., 471, 485
Koyanagi, Tomiji, 183, 185
Krishima, 170
Krueger, Walter, 240
Kukum, Guadalcanal, 25, 27–28, 35, 63, 64, 107, 141
Kula Gulf, Battles of, 233
kunai grass, xx, 24
Kurile Islands, 226, 418
Kurita, Takeo, 237, 447, 473, 480, 482, 531
Kusaka, Jinichi, 122, 224, 233, 234, 236, 238
Kwajalein, Battle of, 384, 386, 390, 393, 405, 441, 459, 499
aftermath of, 397–98
Kwajalein Island landings in, 395–96
landing craft problems in, 391–92
pre-landing bombardment in, 389–90, 392–93, 401
Roi-Namur landings in, 390–95
Task Force 58 in, 386–87
Kwajalein Atoll, 389, 455
Japanese airfields on, 368
Japanese troops on, 385
planned U.S. landings on, 384–85
Kwajalein Atoll, U.S. carrier raid on, 373, 377–78
Japanese counterattacks in, 379–80, 381–82
Pownall’s refusal to order second strike in, 378–79, 381, 382–83, 389
Kwajalein Island, 389, 395, 400
Lae, New Guinea, 62, 157, 239
Laffey, USS, 163
Lamar, Arthur, 129, 130, 297, 298, 362, 442, 519–20
Langley, USS, 323, 399
Lapon, 453
Larsen, Harold H. “Swede,” 103–4, 136, 137
Lasswell, Alva B., 203
La Vallette, USS, 234
Lawrence, James, 145
Lawrence, John E., 141–42
Lawton, E. J., 494
Layton, Ed, 203–4
LCTs, 361
Leahy, William D., 94, 95, 158, 306, 312
as de facto Joint Chiefs chairman, 93
FDR’s relationship with, 92–93
Leckie, Robert, 210
Lee, Fitzhugh, 237, 371
Lee, Willis A. “Ching,” 160, 168, 171–72, 464, 478
Lengo Channel, 177
Lennons Hotel, Brisbane, 217
Leonski, Edward Joseph, 213
Lewis, Don, 489–90, 491
Lexington, USS (CV-2), 59, 124, 327
Lexington, USS (CV-16), 301, 328, 368, 370, 371–72, 379, 382, 488, 495
Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 145, 266, 515
Life, 90, 97, 196, 380, 538
Lillibridge, G. D., 339, 348, 351–52
Lingayen Gulf, 155
Lingga Roads, 448, 453, 455
Lion Six, 516–17
Lippmann, Walter, 86
Liscome Bay, USS (CVE-56), submarine attack on, 363–64
Lockwood, Charlie, 277, 278, 279, 286, 402, 471
appointed Pacific submarine force commander, 280
torpedo failures and, 280, 281–82
London Conference (July, 1942), 95
London Naval Conference (1935), 118
London Naval Treaty (1930), 253
Long Island, USS, 70
long pig, 191
Los Negros, 242
LSTs, 335
LST tank carriers, 392
Lucas, Jim, 359
Lukanai Field, 205
Lundstrom, John B., 58
Lunga Plain, 155, 189
Lunga Point, 25, 26, 42, 44, 49, 64, 104, 107, 132, 160, 175, 190
Lunga River, 24, 26, 131, 142
Lunga Roads, 44, 53, 60
LVTs, see amtracs
MacArthur, Douglas, 5, 7, 91, 103, 215–16, 235, 240, 420, 438, 456, 462, 514
Admiralty Islands offensive and, 223–24
Brisbane headquarters of, 217
CARTWHEEL and, 224
central Pacific offensive opposed by, 306, 313
chain of command and, 220
in escape from Corregidor, 216–17
Germany-first strategy disdained by, 128–29
Guadalcanal campaign and, 18, 20, 57, 123, 125, 126–27
Halsey’s relationship with, 221–22
“I shall return” declaration of, 219
Kinkaid and, 218–19
Marianas campaign opposed by, 439–40
as military leader, 217
New Britain campaign of, 239–40
in New Guinea campaign, 441, 453–54
New Guinea offensive and, 239
Nimitz’s meeting with, 442–43
in Philippines campaign, 440
and planned Mindanao invasion, 438–39
press and, 219
RECKLESS and, 242
Solomons offensive and, 16–17
on Tarawa battle, 366
undue credit taken by, 219–20, 232
Mackenzie, Hugh, 99
Madang, New Guinea, 239
Madison, James, 253
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 5, 415, 417, 476
Maikaze, 410–11
Mainichi Shinbun, 421–22, 541
Majuro Atoll, 398, 413, 455
assault on, 398, 405
as Fifth Fleet forward base, 398
Japanese troops on, 386
as U.S. forward supply base, 385
Makalapa Hill, Oahu, navy and marine officers’ quarters on, 296–97
Makigumu, 153
Makin, Battle of, 320–21, 333, 342, 352, 361–62, 368
Makin Atoll, 319, 325, 361, 389
Malaita Island, xxiii, 13, 27
malaria, 64
Malay Peninsula:
Japanese invasion of, xxii–xxiii
natural resources of, 282
Maloelap Atoll, 384
Manchester, William, 25, 500–501, 506
Manchuria, natural resources of, 284
Mangrum, Dick, 71
Manus, 242
Marcus Island, 341
Mare Island Navy Yard, 249–50
Marianas campaign, 436–37, 455, 457–513
aftermath of, 513, 514, 530–33
Combined Chiefs’ approval of, 437, 438
MacArthur’s opposition to, 439–40
Nimitz’s conference on, 440
Marianas Islands, xiv, 13, 307, 333, 400, 418, 419, 423, 514
as bases for B-29s, 438
geography of, 459
“Marianas Turkey Shoot,” see Philippines Sea, Battle of the
Marine Aircraft Group 21, 61
Marine Aircraft Group 23, 82
in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71
Marine Corps, U.S., 500
aggressive offense doctrine of, 364, 499
amphibious warfare experience of, 17–18, 322
in interservice rivalries, 6, 8, 40
Japanese fear of, 507–8
see also specific units
Marine Fighter Squadron 223 (VMF-223), 100, 101, 103
in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71
Marpi Point, 509, 510
Marquana Bay, Vella Lavella, 234, 235
Marshall, George C., 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 56, 91, 92, 192, 220, 235, 312, 434, 440, 441, 514
at Casablanca Conference, 309–11
central Pacific offensive and, 306–7, 320
English Channel invasion as priority of, 308
invasion of France urged by, 95–96
Marshall Islands, 13, 194, 325, 333, 367, 368, 389, 400, 419
King’s deadline for invasion of, 313
Pearl Harbor’s distance from, 385
U.S. bases in, 402
Marshall Islands campaign, 377
carrier raids in, 373–74
Martin, William I., 412
Maryland, USS, 301, 334, 343, 347, 350, 352, 354, 390
Mason, Charles P., 222
Mason, Paul, 30, 38, 157
Mason, Theodore C., 245–46, 292–93
Masuda, Reiji, 225
Matanikau River, 141, 156
Maya, 228
McCain, John S. “Slew,” 12, 14, 15, 22, 43, 57, 69–70, 76
Guadalcanal campaign and, 102, 124–25
McCampbell, David S., 388, 483
McCandless, Bruce, 164
McCawley, USS, 26, 30, 43, 49, 60
McCormick, Robert, 87
McCrea, John L., 56, 93, 94, 95, 143
McIntire, Ross T., 92, 94
McKinley, Don, 479–80
McMorris, Charles “Soc,” 228–29, 440
McPherson, Robert, 352, 358
Mears, Fred, 7–8, 81, 83–84, 139
Mediterranean, British advocacy of operation in, 309, 311
Meiji Shrine National Athletic Games, 114
Melanesia, Melanesians, xviii, 27
Melbourne, Australia, 209
1st Marine Division in, 209–10
Melbourne Cricket Grounds, 210
Menzies Hotel, Melbourne, 215
Merillat, Herbert L., 24, 98, 130, 138
Merrill, Aaron Stanton, 192, 233, 236
Michener, James, 190–91
Micronesia, 418
Midway, Battle of, xiv, 7, 9, 31, 41, 51, 59, 70, 75, 82, 83, 94, 102, 110, 117, 119, 124, 147, 187, 202, 207, 225–26, 292, 301, 304, 316, 416, 419, 427, 459, 470, 493–94
Mikawa, Gunichi, 29, 40–41, 67
in Battle of Savo Island, 41–42, 43–51
Military Academy, U.S., 5
Mille Atoll, 368, 384, 385
U.S. bombing of, 370
Miller, Bob, 97
Millican, William J., 281
Milne Bay, New Guinea, 126, 203, 224, 239
Minazuki, 453
Mindanao, 454
invasion of, 442
planned invasion of, 439
Mindanao Island, 446
Minneapolis, 177, 178, 410–11, 480
Mitchell, John, 205
Mitchell, Ralph J., 238
Mitscher, Marc “Pete,” 323, 383, 398, 404, 405, 436, 441, 446, 457–58, 461, 462, 463, 469, 472, 473–74, 475, 476–77, 478, 479, 487, 488–89, 490, 492–93, 494, 495
appointed Task Force 58 commander, 383
as Task Force 58 commander, 388–89
in Truk raid, 410–11, 413
“Mitscher shampoo,” 397
Mitsubishi, 376, 423–25
Miyazaki, Shigetoshi, 29
Monssen, USS, 23
Montechamp, Henri Ferdinand Auguste, 199–200
Monterey, USS, 405
Montgomery, Alfred E., 412, 477
Montpelier, USS, 194, 211, 236, 501
Moody, Fred, 50
Moore, Charles J. “Carl,” 320, 344, 411, 435, 436, 471, 477, 500
GALVANIC and, 318–19, 336–37
Marshall Island campaign and, 339
as Spruance’s chief of staff, 315
Moore, Samuel N., 44, 48
Moore Dry Dock Company, 248, 249
Moosbrugger, Frederick, 233–34
Morinda (coal steamer), xxiii
Morison, Samuel Eliot, xiv, 178, 281
Fletcher’s withdrawal criticized by, 58
Morriss, Mack, 98
Morton, Dudley W. “Mush”:
aggressive tactics of, 262, 266, 268, 271, 277
appointed Wahoo commander, 266–67
in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71
audacious periscope use by, 268
background of, 260
O’Kane and, 262, 265, 267
as Wahoo PCO, 260–62
in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76
Moulton, Doug, 198
Mugford, 33
Mullinnix, Henry M., 364
Munda Point, New Georgia, 182, 221, 222
Allied assault on, 231–32, 233
Murmansk, Allied convoys to, 95
Musashi, 119–20, 201, 206, 403, 405, 446, 450, 452, 455, 471
Musashi, Miyamoto, 188, 189, 538
Mussolini, Benito, 444
Mustin, USS, 110, 153
Mutsuki, 83
Muzzim, USS, 211
Nachi, 228–29
Nafutan Point, 498
Nagano, Osami, 67–68, 182, 423
Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 195
Nagoya, 423–24, 425, 428
Nagumo, Chuichi, 41, 69, 75, 419, 428, 459, 504
in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 78–82
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149, 154
KA-Go counteroffensive and, 82
Nakajima, Chikataka, 385, 456
Namur Island, see Roi-Namur Islands
Nanomea Island, 342
Nassau Bay, New Guinea, 239
National Youth Administration, 88
Nauru Island, 319, 342, 455
U.S. invasion of, 315
Nautilus, USS, 321
Naval Academy, Japanese (Etajima), 415, 429
enlisted aircrews disdained by graduates of, 431
Naval Academy, U.S., 5, 9
Naval Air Transport Service (NATS), 519
Naval General Staff (NGS), Japanese, 67–68, 119, 283, 415, 451, 452
Naval Staff College, Japanese, 415–16
Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, 280, 282
Naval War College, U.S., 306
Navy, U.S., 5, 6–7, 104
Army Air Forces rivalry with, 324
“brownshoes” vs. “blackshoes” in, 323–25, 373, 383, 387, 435–36
Bureau of Aeronautics of, 301, 304, 305, 323
Bureau of Ordnance of, 255–56, 277, 278, 279, 281–82
FDR and, 91
intelligence division of, 284
interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 158
and need to integrate aviators into command structure of, 435–36
Pacific War as primary focus of, 128
rivalry between USAAF and, 227
War Plans Orange and Rainbow of, 306, 436
see also specific ships and units
Navy, U.S., air forces of, 6–7
“brownshoe” culture of, 323–24
“Young Turks” in, 324, 326
see also specific aircraft carriers and units
Navy General Staff, Japanese, 447
Navy Ministry, Japanese, 283
Ndeni Island, 76, 77, 133, 134, 149
Nelson, Horatio, 476
Nelson, R. S., 488, 489
Nevada, USS, 292
New Britain Island, 13, 40, 203, 224, 267, 418
Japanese capture of, xxi
Japanese troop strength on, 240
U.S. landings on, 239–40
New Caledonia, 11, 13, 14, 23, 75, 190, 200
New Deal, 85–86, 87, 88
New Georgia, 182, 221, 238
New Georgia campaign, 222, 231–32
New Guinea, 13, 16, 157, 182, 188, 222, 267, 418, 419, 440
“Bird’s Head” peninsula of, 454
Japanese troops in, 224
New Guinea campaign, 239, 346, 420, 441, 453–54
New Hebrides, 11, 13, 14, 75, 190
New Ireland, 13
New Jersey, 405, 410–11
New London, Conn., 250
New Orleans, 177, 178, 381, 410–11
New York Times, 97, 98, 142, 367, 535
New Zealand, 197
New Zealand Herald, 197
Nggela (Florida) island group, xix, 13, 24, 27, 38, 161
NHK (Japanese radio network), 206–7
Nimitz, Chester W., 12, 15, 16, 60, 70, 91, 103, 107, 109, 111, 122–23, 178, 196, 198, 200, 362, 364, 373, 438, 459, 461, 472, 477, 497–98, 500, 502, 511, 513, 516, 519, 520, 521
Aleutian strategy of, 225–26
Argonne conference of, 125–26
athletic prowess of, 298–99
bureaucratic bloat as anathema to, 432–33
central Pacific offensive and, 312–13, 317
chain of command and, 220
CINCPAC headquarters of, 297–98
command style of, 384, 433
and death of Yamamoto, 203–4
FDR and, 297
GALVANIC and, 325
Ghormley relieved of command by, 143–44
Guadalcanal campaign and, 123–24
Guadalcanal visit of, 129–31
interservice rivalries and, 433–34
on Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal, 185–86
Kwajalein battle and, 397
Kwajalein landings ordered by, 384
leapfrogging strategy of, 401
MacArthur’s meeting with, 442–43
Makalapa Hill residence of, 296–97
Marianas campaign and, 440
personality of, 123, 297, 298
Pownall relieved of command by, 383
and raid on Truk, 403
social role of, 299
Solomons inspection tour of, 124–31, 143
Spruance and, 315
submarine warfare and, 255, 257
Tarawa battle and, 366
Towers and, 435
Vandegrift’s meeting with, 129–31
Nishizawa, Hiroyoshi, 31–32
Nogi, Maresuki, 417
Nomura, Kichisaburo, 114, 515
Nomura, Minoru, 448
Normandy invasion, 530
North Africa, Allied invasion of, 97, 158, 308, 328
North American Newspaper Alliance, 98
Northampton, USS, 110, 152, 178
North Carolina, USS, 21, 108, 109
Northern Amphibious Group, 333
Noshiro, 455
Noumea, New Caledonia, 13, 14, 15, 20, 56, 60, 61, 108, 125, 132, 143, 144, 160, 197
Noyes, Leigh, 111
Nukufetau Island, 342
Oahu, 287
Ewa Field on, 70
see also Hawaii; Pearl Harbor
Oakland, USS, 381, 496
O’Bannon, USS, 162, 163, 234–35
Obata, Hideyoshi, 513
O’Brien, USS, 110
O’Hare, Butch, 373–74, 375
Bat Team tactics devised by, 374–75
death of, 376
Ohmae, Toshikazu, 46
Oi, Atsushi, 283, 425
Oite, 413
O’Kane, Richard H., 251, 260, 261, 264, 265
in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71
Morton and, 262, 265, 267
in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76
Oklahoma, USS, 289, 291–92
Okumiya, Masatake, 238–39, 420–21, 429–30, 471
Omori, Sentaro, 236
106th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 399
164th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 134
165th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 320–21, 361
Orange, War Plan, 306, 436
see also central Pacific offensive
Orote Airfield, 478, 486–87, 511, 512, 513
Orote Peninsula, 462, 487, 513, 518
OVERLORD, Operation, 457
Owen, Ed, 378
Owen Stanley mountains, 68
oyaku-shinju (parent-child death pact), 506–7
Oyodo, 447, 488
Ozawa, Jisaburo, 419, 423, 427–28, 429, 447, 449, 454, 461, 469–70, 472, 474, 475, 476, 478–79, 484–85, 486, 488–89, 490, 497, 511, 514, 530, 531
promoted to First Mobile Fleet commander, 447
training exercises discontinued by, 449–50
Pacific American Expeditionary Forces Station, 520
Pacific Crucible (Toll), xiv
Pacific Fleet submarines, 460
Pacific War:
bulldozers as weapons in, 190
central Pacific offensive in, see central Pacific offensive
as gold rush for Hawaii, 293–94
Guadalcanal as decisive campaign in, 120
initial Japanese air superiority in, xxi–xxiii
interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 227, 433–34, 437
Japanese advances in, xxi–xxxi, 114, 119
Japanese brutality in, 204
Japanese motives for launching, 282
Japanese-U.S. imbalance of technology in, 426–27
life on rear bases of, 190–93
morale issues in, 192–93
overestimation of enemy losses in, 67
as primarily naval and air campaign, xiii–xiv
as primary focus of U.S. Navy, 128
Pacific War, air war in, 416
and disrepair of Japanese aircraft and airfields, 425–27
inadequate training of Japanese pilots in, 428–32
Japanese losses in, 419
mismatch between Japanese and U.S. technology in, 417
Palapao, Guadalcanal, xxviii, xxix
Palau, 405, 418, 419, 423, 441, 449, 454, 456, 459
Palmyra Island, 124
Paradise of the Pacific, 293, 296
Paria, Gulf of, 330, 331
Parker, Ralph, 298
Patch, Alexander, 183, 185
Patterson, Cissy, 87
Patterson, USS, 45, 46, 51
Patton, George S., 445
Pawnee, USS, 161, 165
Pearl Harbor, 124
ammunition-loading accident at, 458
distance from Marshall Islands of, 385
expanding naval facilities at, 288–89
Japanese attack on, xiv, xxi, 7, 52, 55, 59, 117, 118–19, 142, 180, 195, 246, 253, 288, 306, 324, 419, 429, 459
natural setting of, 287–88
as Pacific Fleet home port, 287
salvage operations at, 289–90
Peck, DeWitt, 197, 198
Peleliu Island, U.S. assault on, 8
Pennsylvania, USS, 339
Pensacola, USS, 177–78
Pentagon, 89–90
Percival, Arthur, xxiii
PESTILENCE, Operation, see Solomons offensive
Pétain, Philippe, 93
Phelps, 392
Philippine Clipper, 279
Philippines, 235, 242, 306, 405, 454, 456
Japanese conquest of, xxi, 7, 254–55
Philippines campaign, 440
Philippine Sea, as site of planned Japanese decisive fleet battle, 419
Philippine Sea, Battle of the, 153–54, 477–97, 481, 493, 516, 530
Phillips, John C., 374, 375, 376, 377
Phillips, Sol, 381
Pickett’s charge, 366
“pidgin,” xviii
pilot fatigue, 125, 130, 136–37, 430
Japanese, 156, 238
Plant, Frank W. J., 338, 340, 347, 349, 350, 356–57, 358
Poha River, 156
Point Cruz, 66, 155, 189
Polhemus, Alan, 256
Popomanaseu, Mount, xviii
Porapora, Bougainville, 37, 38, 99
Portal, Charles, 309, 310–11
Porter, USS, 154
Portland, USS, 163
Port Moresby, New Guinea, 13, 19, 20, 68, 120, 126, 203, 220, 224
Pownall, Charles A. “Baldy,” 368, 369, 372, 380, 418
Clark and, 341
in Kwajalein raid, 377–78
in refusal to order second strike on Kwajalein, 378–79, 381, 382–83
relieved of Task Force 50 command, 383
President Polk, USS, 360–61
Preston, USS, 169–70
Prince of Wales, HMS, xxii, 324
Princeton, USS, 237, 301, 399, 484
propaganda, Japanese, 114, 116, 180, 187, 196, 443–45, 507–8, 526, 527, 529, 532, 538
prospective commanding officers (PCOs), 260
Psalm 23, 3
Puffer, USS, 453
Pyle, Ernie, 192, 519
Quebec Conference (1943), 235
Quincy, USS, 25, 44, 46, 48
Quonset huts, 15, 518–19
Rabaul, New Britain, xxi, xxvi, 9, 13, 16, 20, 29, 33, 38, 40, 53, 59, 62, 76, 78, 98, 99, 100, 101, 121, 122, 156, 157, 179, 181, 182, 202, 205, 222, 224, 311, 340, 368, 401, 408, 412, 419
Japanese evacuation of, 242
Japanese morale problems at, 238–39
U.S. bombing of, 236, 237–38, 240, 420–21
U.S. bypassing of, 232, 235, 240
Rabi, 68
racism, in British Empire, xx
Radar Plot, 233
radar systems:
night attacks and, 412
U.S. superiority in, 233
see also fire control systems
radio packs, 515
Rainbow, War Plan, 436
Raines, James Orvill, 518
Ralph Talbot, USS, 43, 45, 49, 60, 234
Ramage, James D., 404, 407, 408, 410, 411, 489, 495
Ramsey, DeWitt C., 56–57
Rand, Hazen, 374, 375
Rau, Pappy, 272
Raymer, Edward C., 290
Read, W. J. “Jack,” 30, 37, 38, 39, 99–100, 157
RECKLESS, Operation, 242
Red Army, 94–95, 308
Redman, John R., 198
Reeves, John W. “Black Jack,” 477
Reminiscences (MacArthur), 232
Rendova Island, U.S. landing on, 231
Republican National Committee, 87
Republicans, 88
Repulse, HMS, xxii, 324
Rhoades, F. Ashton “Snowy,” xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 183
Richardson, Robert C., 321, 434, 440
Riefkohl, Frederick Lois, 48–49, 50
Ries, Robert E., Jr., 140
Riley, Herbert D., 305
Riley, Marion, 82
Ringgold, USS, 344
Ring of Fire, xvii–xviii
Rochefort, Joseph, 75, 203
Rocky Mount, USS, 465
Rogal, William, 24–25, 61, 64, 344, 347–48, 353, 354, 508
Roi-Namur Islands, 378, 389, 390, 393, 397, 398, 400, 401
airfield at, 381, 382
landings on, 390–95
Rommel, Erwin, 97
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 94, 328
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 6, 196, 217, 235, 311, 434, 437, 439, 457, 514
as assistant navy secretary, 91
and Battle of Savo Island, 56
chaotic leadership style of, 85–86
as commander in chief, 90–97
Ghormley and, 143
Guadalcanal campaign and, 158–59
Navy given personal attention by, 91
Nimitz and, 297
TORCH and, 97
wartime critics of, 87–88
Rosenblatt, Herman, 382
Rota Island, 461, 462, 470, 474
ROUNDUP, Operation, 95, 308–9
Royal Air Force (RAF), xxii
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), xxvi
Royal Australian Navy (RAN), 20
coastwatching service of, xxiv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 37–38, 66, 99–100, 157
Royal Hawaiian Hotel, 259, 287
Royal New Zealand Air Force, 222
Royal New Zealand Army, 8th Infantry Brigade Group of, 236
Russell, Jim, 301–2
Russell Islands, 27, 183, 203
U.S. forces on, 220–21
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 204, 536
Ryan, Michael P., 355, 357
Ryujo, 69, 76–77
S-38 (U.S. submarine), 41, 42
Sado Maru, 105
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 87
Saipan, Battle of, 362, 462–65, 500, 530, 532
civilians in, 506–7, 508–9
ground campaign in, 470–76, 497–98, 499, 500–503, 515
landings in, 465–69, 467
mass civilian suicides in, 534–35
surrender leaflets in, 509–10
U.S. casualties in, 466–67, 474–75, 510
Saipan Island, 412, 437, 438, 449, 456, 458, 459–60, 461–62, 516, 531
civilians on, 459
defensive works on, 460
Japanese troops on, 459–60, 466
Saito, Yoshitsugu, 449, 459, 460, 466, 467–68, 503–4, 505, 506, 530
Sakai, Saburo, 115–16, 426, 429, 430–31, 432
in dogfight with Southerland, 32–33
Sakonju, Naomasa, 454–55
Salamaua, New Guinea, 222, 239
Salt Lake City, USS, 135, 228–29
Samoa, 11, 190
Sampson, William, 69
Samurai (Sakai), 32
San Bernandino Strait, 456, 469, 471
San Cristobal, 13, 107, 148, 160
San Diego, Calif., 287
San Francisco, Calif.:
African Americans in, 247–48
defense industry in, 246–49
as key supply center for Pacific War, 244
naval facilities in, 246
servicemen in, 244–46
San Francisco, USS, 155, 161, 379, 380
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 162–65
San Francisco Bay, 252, 287
San Juan, USS, 25, 35–36, 43, 154
Santa Cruz Islands, 13, 16, 22, 76, 107, 133, 146, 190
Santa Cruz Islands, Battle of the, 59, 148–54, 148, 160, 416, 419
Santa Isabel, 27, 57, 182
Saratoga, USS, 17, 20, 22, 30, 31, 37, 59, 60, 76–77, 78, 103, 105, 107, 143, 154, 237, 340, 387, 399
in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 79–80
torpedo attack on, 108
Sato, Kenryo, 181
Savo Island, 13, 24, 27, 31, 35, 38, 42, 134, 166, 168, 169, 170, 178
Savo Island, Battle of, 41, 43–51, 47, 56
Hepburn’s report on, 56–57
U.S. losses in, 55, 124
U.S. losses in, Japanese exaggeration of, 67
Savo Sound, see Ironbottom Sound (Savo Sound)
SB2C Helldivers, shortcomings of, 304–5, 331, 424–25
SBD dive-bombers, 304
Schmidt, Harry, 391, 398, 401
Schwartz, Harry, 87–88
Scott, Norman, 134–35, 160
Seabees, 70, 103, 190, 192, 426, 517, 518
and Espiritu Santo base, 14–15
in Guadalcanal campaign, 70, 103, 135, 190
in Solomons offensive, 221
Seahorse, USS, 471
Sealark Channel, 38, 43, 51, 52–53, 161, 165
Sea of Japan, 284
Searaven, USS, 410
2nd Marine Division, 457, 468, 498–99, 508, 510
in Tarawa campaign, see Tarawa, Battle of
2nd Marine Regiment, 133–34
in Guadalcanal campaign, 53
Second Amphibious Brigade, Japanese, 454
Second Division, Japanese, 184, 465, 500
Second Fleet, Japanese, 188, 447, 448, 531
First Battleship Division of, 450
Second Infantry Division, Japanese, 184
Seeadler Harbor, Manus, 242
Segond Channel, 15, 129
Selfridge, USS, 234–35
Senken Butai, 41–42
Senshin (warrior spirit), 430
seppuku, 504
Service Forces, Pacific Fleet (SERVPAC), 333
Service Squadron Four, 333
Service Squadron Ten, 385, 387, 398, 516
708th Provisional Amphibian Tractor Battalion, U.S. Army, 400
Seventeenth Army, Japanese, 40, 41, 122, 176, 183, 224
7th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 229, 390, 444
in Kwajalein battle, 390, 395–96
7th Marine Regiment, 107, 109, 133
Seventh Air Force, U.S., 342
Seventh Amphibious Force, U.S., 239
Seventh Army, Japanese, 155
Seventh Fleet, U.S., 242
as “MacArthur’s Navy,” 218
Seventh Sasebo Special Naval Landing Force, Japanese, 345
77th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 511, 512
SG search radars, 168, 177
see also fire control systems
Sheeks, Robert B., 466, 509–10
Sheridan, USS, 338
Sherman, Forrest P., 314, 325, 383
Sherman, Frank P., 109, 111
Sherman, Frederick “Ted” C., 389, 399, 411, 474
Sherrod, Robert, 344, 349, 351, 354, 358
Shibasaki, Keiji, in battle for Tarawa, 345–46, 352–53
Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 536
Shima, Kiyohide, 531
Shimada, Shigetaro, 423, 449, 451, 530, 531, 533, 534
Shinyo, 531
shipbuilding industry, Kaiser and, 248–49
Shokaku, 69, 78–79, 82, 147, 149, 150, 155, 419, 423, 473, 485–86
Shortland Island, xxv, 105, 178, 203, 235
U.S. air strikes on, 178–79
Shoup, David M., 352, 357, 358
in Tarawa battle, 349–50, 354, 356, 359
“shuttle-bombing” tactics, 451–52, 470
Singapore, xxii, 447, 448
Japanese capture of, xxiii
Sio, New Guinea, 239
Sixth Division, Japanese, 179
6th Marine Regiment, 352, 357, 359
67th Fighter Squadron (USAAF), 102
SJ radar, 258, 263
Skate, USS, 413, 452
Skon, Andy, 374, 375, 376
SLEDGEHAMMER, Operation, 95–96
Slonim, Gil, 471
“Slot, the,” 38, 42, 43, 57, 83, 103–4, 133, 161, 166, 167, 174, 176, 183, 236
Smith, Harold, 85
Smith, Holland M. “Howlin’ Mad,” 8, 229, 321, 334, 335, 352, 386, 390, 398, 401, 434, 458, 466, 467, 468, 469, 475, 497, 498, 499, 500, 510, 511
Army’s methodical pace criticized by, 396
as Fifth Amphibious Corps commander, 317
in GALVANIC chain-of-command dispute, 318–19
Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384–85
and Makin battle, 361–62
as passed over for promotion, 433–34
Tarawa battle criticisms of, 362–63, 365–66, 367
touchiness of, 317–18
Turner and, 318, 339–40, 433–34
Smith, John L., 70, 100
Smith, Julian C., 320, 322, 352, 354, 357, 359, 360, 362
in Tarawa battle, 334, 335, 336, 338, 366–67
Smith, Ralph C., 320, 321, 362, 364, 458, 498, 499, 500
Smoot, Roland, 23, 24
Snowden, Ernest, 479
Soliloquy (Hirohito), 536
Solomons archipelago, 11, 13, 27, 419, 514
air reconnaissance of, 62, 76
British protectorate of, xviii–xx, xxiii
daily life in, 190–92
disease and dangerous conditions in, xx
exotic beauty of, 191
geology of, xvii–xviii
headhunting and cannibalism in, xviii
illegal slave trade in, xviii
Japanese buildup in, 62
Japanese counteroffensive in, 147–48
Japanese I-Go aerial counteroffensive in, 202–3
Japanese pullback in, 182
Japanese underestimation of U.S. troops in, 68
KA-Go offensive in, 68–69, 75–83
Melanesian inhabitants of, xviii
white exodus from, xxiii, xxv
Solomons offensive, 14, 16–17, 190–91, 223–24, 313, 346
air war in, 222–23, 224–25, 242, 419–21
ammunition shortages and, 12
Bougainville landings in, 236, 340
CARTWHEEL in, see CARTWHEEL, Operation
chain of command in, 220
Espiritu Santo as base for, 14–15, 129, 142
fuel problems and, 12
Guadalcanal and Tulagi landings in, see Guadalcanal campaign
Japanese aircraft losses in, 242
New Georgia campaign in, see New Georgia campaign
political importance of, 158
submarine warfare in, see submarine warfare
Task Force 18 in, 107–8
Task Force 61 in, 107–8, 111–12
Torpedo Junction in, 108, 109–11
U.S. aircraft strength in, 127
Sommers, Sam, 482, 495
Sorong, 454
Soryu, 9
South China Sea, 255
Japanese advances in, 11–12
South Dakota, USS, 56, 81, 146, 151, 154, 160, 478, 480, 495
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 168–69, 170–72
Southeast Asia, Japanese conquests in, 114, 119
Southerland, James J., 31–32
in dogfight with Sakai, 32–33
Southern Amphibious Group, 333
Southern Attack Force, 395, 511
Southern Attack Group, 338
South Pacific, 13
Allied counteroffensive in, see Solomons offensive
South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command (SCAT), 190
South Solomon Trench, xviii
Soviet Union:
Allied convoys to, 95
Nazi Germany and, 11, 94, 96, 308–9, 530
Special Naval Landing Forces, Japanese, 29, 345, 459
Sperry, USS, 265
Spruance, Raymond Ames, 123, 198, 336, 361, 362, 367, 385, 386, 390, 398, 405, 433, 436, 458, 461–62, 463, 469, 471–72, 473, 474, 475–77, 478, 480, 488, 493–94, 497–98, 500, 511, 513, 515, 516, 530
appointed Fifth Fleet commander, 315, 325
carrier operations and, 341–42
central Pacific offensive overseen by, 315–16
command philosophy of, 316
as compulsive walker, 316, 336–37
GALVANIC and, 325
Gilbert Islands invasion proposed by, 314
Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384
Nimitz and, 315
as Nimitz’s chief of staff, 297, 298–300
Tarawa campaign and, 339
Towers’s conflict with, 325
and Truk raid, 410–11, 413
“Spruance haircut,” 397
Stalin, Joseph, 95
Stalingrad, Battle of, 94, 443
Stark, Harold “Betty,” 143
Stassen, Harold, 198
Stearns, Chester M., 110
Stebbins, Edgar E., 377, 378
Sterett, USS, 162, 163
Sterling, Forest, 260–61, 263, 266, 267, 269, 270, 273
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 319
Stimson, Henry L., 5, 91, 96, 434, 439
English Channel invasion as priority of, 308
Stingray, USS, 475
Strategic Bombing Survey, U.S., 67
Stump, Felix B., 328, 329, 371
submarines, U.S., Gato-class, 250, 252, 259
see also Wahoo, USS
submarine warfare, 63, 233, 416
bad torpedoes in, 255
blockade of Japanese home islands in, 284
in central Pacific offensive, 368–69, 402, 413
crew cohesiveness in, 250–52, 256–57
“friendly” attacks in, 253
increased U.S. success in, 452–53
interwar doctrine of, 252, 254–55, 262, 277
Japanese inattention to antisubmarine warfare in, 259, 282–83
King on, 253
merchant shipping attacks in, 253–54
more aggressive tactics demanded in, 255, 262, 283
mounting Japanese shipping losses from, 283–85
Nimitz and, 255, 257
prospective commanding officers (PCOs) in, 260
shore leave and, 259
sinking of Japanese oil tankers in, 285
“skipper problem” in, 255, 256, 277
sonar improvements in, 284
surface-search radar in, 283, 284
in Torpedo Junction, 109–11
U.S. disappointments in, 277–78
U.S. dominance in, 417
U.S. losses in, 285–86
see also specific submarines
Sugiyama, Hajime, 417, 422–23
Sulu Archipelago, 405, 449
Sulu Sea, 447
Sumatra, oil fields of, 282, 285, 416, 448
Sutherland, Richard K., 125, 126–27, 216, 217–18, 219, 221, 439, 440
Suwannee, USS, 327
Suzuki, Hiroshi, 448
Sydney, Australia, 211
Japanese submarine raid on, 114
Taft, Robert A., 87
Taiho, 427, 447, 450, 471, 473, 484–85
Taiyo, 531
Takahashi, Aiko, 443, 446, 513, 532, 535, 540, 541
Takanami, 177
Takasaki, 453
Takashina, Takeshi, 512
Takeyama, Michio, 542
Tales of the South Pacific (Michener), 190–91
Tanaga Island, 227
Tanaka, Raizo, 68–69, 76, 77, 105, 133, 135, 155, 156, 167, 172, 174, 189
“drum method” resupply efforts of, 176–77, 178–79
Guadalcanal troop convoys of, 68–69, 76–77, 82, 105, 133, 135, 155–56, 167–68, 172–73, 174, 176
in KA-Go counteroffensive, 82–83
withdrawal from Guadalcanal urged by, 179
Tanambogo Island, 25, 53
Tanapag Harbor, 500, 510–11
Tanikaze, 453
Tani, Masayuki, 180
Tapotchau, Mount, Saipan, 459, 465, 498, 500
Tarakan, 453
Tarawa, Battle of, 320, 322–23, 333–37, 338–68, 345, 439, 440, 459, 502
aircraft carrier in, 356
air and naval support in, 335–36
banzai attack in, 359
burial of dead from, 360
first day of, 347–53
Japanese losses in, 360, 367–68
landing craft in, 334–35
lessons of, 362–65, 367–68, 400–401
mopping up operations in, 360
operations plans for, 334–37
public response to losses in, 365–66
resupply operations in, 357, 358
second day of, 353–59
third day of, 359–60
U.S. ammunition and equipment shortages in, 354
U.S. losses in, 353–55, 360, 365–66, 367–68
U.S. naval and air bombardment in, 342, 355, 356–57, 364–65, 368
Tarawa Atoll, 319, 320, 322, 325, 389
Japanese troop strength on, 335
see also Betio Island
Tasimboko, 105
Task Force 16, 33
Task Force 17, 107–8
Task Force 18, 107–8
Task Force 39, 236–37
Task Force 42, 264, 280
Task Force 50, 341, 368, 373
Japanese night attacks on, 371
in Kwajalein raid, see Kwajalein Atoll, U.S. carrier raid on
Task Force 51, 229–30, 457, 458
Task Force 58, 388–89, 398, 438, 439, 446, 457–58, 461–63, 464–65, 469, 472–78, 487, 489, 492–93, 494, 497
in Eniwetok battle, 399
in Kwajalein battle, 386–87
Mitscher appointed commander of, 383
size of, 386
in Truk raid, 403–4, 405–14, 409, 441
Task Force 61, 33, 146
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 148–54
in Battle of the Eastern Solomons, 77–78
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 23–24, 37, 43, 51, 57–60, 61–62
KA-Go counteroffensive against, 68–69, 75–83
in Solomons offensive, 107–8, 111–12
Task Force 62, 56
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20–21, 23–24, 43, 52–53, 60, 61, 107, 132–33
Task Force 64, 160
Task Force 67, 177
Task Force KING, 160
Task Force LOVE, 168
Task Group 50.1, 368, 369, 376
Task Group 50.2, 363, 373, 376
Task Group 50.3, 369, 399
Task Group 51.11, 399
Task Group 58.1, 463–64, 472–73
Task Group 58.2, 412
Task Group 58.3, 389–90, 477
Task Group 58.4, 399, 463, 478
Task Group 58.7, 478
Task Group 62.6:
in Battle of Savo Island, 44–51
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 42–43
Tassafaronga Point, Guadalcanal, 141, 156, 172, 174, 177, 185
Tavurvur volcano, 29
Tawi Tawi, Philippines, 405, 449, 453, 455, 456
Taylor, 234
Tenaru plantation, 64
Tenaru River, 26, 28, 35, 64, 65, 71, 72, 121
Tenaru River, Battle of, 73–76, 104
Tennessee, USS, 292, 392
Tenryu, 41, 46
Tenshin, 187
Teruzuku, 179
Thach, Jimmy, 476–77
Theobald, Robert A., 226, 227
Third Amphibious Force, U.S., 231, 240, 242
Third Fleet, Japanese, 420, 421, 423, 428, 447
air strength of, 419
Third Marine Amphibious Corps, 511
3rd Marine Division, 236, 457, 512
Third Special Base Defense Force, Japanese, 345
37th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 236
Thirty-Eighth Division, Japanese, 184
Thomas, Gerald C., 104
339th Fighter Squadron (USAAF), 205
Thresher, USS (SS-200), 253, 281
Time, 97, 414
Tinian Island, 307, 436, 437, 438, 452, 459, 464, 511, 513
Tobruk, British surrender of, 97
Togo, Heihachiro, 208, 415, 417, 472
Tojo, Hideki, 114, 180, 182, 418, 422, 530, 531
consolidation of power by, 422–23
fall from power of, 532–35
Hirohito and, 422–23
Tokitsukaze, 76
Tokyo, 514
contrast of old and new in, 113
Tokyo Express, 133, 136, 155, 174
Tomlinson, W. J., 214
Tone, 69, 76
Tonga, 11
Tonoas Island, 403
TORCH, Operation, 97, 158, 308, 328
Torokina, 238
torpedoes, 251–52, 281
Japanese Long Lance, 42, 45, 77, 233, 235, 451
magnetic detonators for, 255, 256, 277, 279, 280
Mark 14, 281, 283
Mark 18, 284
mechanical failures of, 255–56, 277, 278–79, 280–82
Torpedo Junction, 108, 109–11
Towers, John Henry, 314, 323–24, 342, 383, 440, 477
background of, 323
GALVANIC and, 325
Nimitz and, 435
Spruance’s conflict with, 325
Toyoda, Soemu, 447, 449, 454, 455, 456, 488, 531, 533
Toyo Keizai, 532
Transport Group XRAY, 24, 33, 49, 50
Transport Group YOKE, 24, 49, 50
Treasure Island, San Francisco, 246
Treasury Islands, 236, 238
Tregaskis, Richard, 24, 39, 49–50, 97
Trigger, USS, 279
Trinidad, 330
Trobriand Islands, 222
Truk Atoll, 69, 75, 76, 116, 120, 121, 122, 138, 181, 182, 201, 206, 224, 237, 242, 401, 418
geography of, 403
Japanese base at, 436
as Japanese fleet’s major Southern anchorage, 403
Japanese troops on, 405
lack of U.S. intelligence on, 404
mediocre facilities on, 404–5
U.S. air raid on, 242
U.S. submarine patrols around, 257, 260, 277
Truk Atoll, carrier raid on, 399, 403–14, 409, 441
dogfights in, 406, 409–10
Japanese caught off-guard in, 406–7
Japanese reporting of, 421–22
rescue of downed air crews in, 410
symbolic importance of, 413
Trumbull, Robert, 291
Truth, 215
Tsushima Strait, Battle of, 415, 470, 472, 536
Tuananbogo Island, 36–37
Tucker, Joe, 331
Tulagi Harbor, 178, 179
Tulagi Island, xix, xxiii, 12, 13, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 42, 49, 61, 75, 77, 167, 168, 178, 179
food supplies of, 61
Japanese bombing of, xxi, xxiv, xxvi
Japanese invasion of, xxvi, 29, 66
U.S. airstrikes on, xxvi–xxvii
U.S. landings on, 26, 29, 35–36
Tunny, USS, 452
Turner, Richmond Kelly, 22, 23, 125, 195, 231, 326, 333, 334, 361, 456, 458, 460–61, 465, 470, 474, 475, 497, 500, 510, 511
in Battle of Savo Island, 43–44, 51, 53, 55, 56
combative personality of, 20–21
as commander of Fifth Fleet amphibious fleet, 317
Fletcher’s withdrawal criticized by, 57–58
in GALVANIC chain-of-command dispute, 318–19
in Guadalcanal campaign, 26, 30–31, 38, 39–40, 49, 60, 61, 103, 107, 126–27, 132, 133–34, 146, 160
H. Smith and, 318, 339–40, 433–34
Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384
and lessons of Tarawa battle, 363
on pilot fatigue, 137
Twelfth Naval District, 246
20th Bomber Command, 438
Twentieth Air Force, 438
21st Bomber Command, 438
22nd Marine Regiment, 399
27th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 183, 434, 457, 458, 467, 468, 498–99, 505, 510
Twenty-Fifth Air Flotilla, Japanese, 29, 40, 68, 238
Twenty-Sixth Air Flotilla, Japanese, 419
Twining, Merrill B., 19, 25, 36, 71, 102, 104, 139, 141, 142
222nd Regiment, Japanese, 454
U-boats, in merchant shipping attacks, 253, 278
Ugaki, Matome, 116, 122, 146, 147, 180–81, 182, 201, 202, 454, 455, 456, 469–71, 473, 492, 535
and death of Yamamoto, 205–6
diary of, 120
Guadalcanal strategy of, 120–21
pessimistic diary entries of, 450–51
on possible withdrawal from Guadalcanal, 179–80
Ultra (decrypted Japanese radio messages), 62
“Umi Yukara” (Across the Sea), 3
Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs), 464
United Press, 97
United States:
internationalism in, 88
isolationism in, 87, 88
U.S. Naval Institute, xv
USO tours, 192, 520
Utah, USS, 289, 300
“Valley of Hell,” 503
Vandegrift, Alexander Arthur, 12, 102, 103, 167, 174, 183, 199, 236, 365, 434, 513, 514
Clemens and, 66–67
Fletcher’s withdrawal criticized by, 57–58
on Japanese refusal to surrender, 74
Nimitz’s meeting with, 129–31
on psychological effects of heavy bombardment, 139
reporters encouraged by, 98
Solomons offensive and, 15–16
on Tarawa battle, 366
Vandegrift, Alexander Arthur, in Guadalcanal campaign, 17–18, 22–23, 26, 34–35, 39, 40, 43, 49, 53, 71, 75, 83, 146, 159, 317
food supplies as concern of, 61
morale issues and, 65
perimeter defenses and, 64–65, 72, 104, 141, 147
Point Cruz offensive ordered by, 155
reinforcements requested by, 133–34
retreat contemplated by, 142
Vanguard Force, Japanese, 69, 77
Vella Gulf, Battle of, 234
Vella Lavella, 238
U.S. assault on, 234–35
Versailles, Treaty of, 506
Vila Airfield, Kolombangara, 232, 233
Vincennes, USS, 27, 46, 48–49, 50
Vincent, Harry, 50
Virginia Military Institute (VMI), 5
Vitiaz Strait, 239–40, 267
Vollinger, John, 192
Vouza, Jacob C., 72, 74
Vraciu, Alex, 101, 357, 406, 462–63, 479, 483, 484, 492
Vungana, Guadalcanal, xxix
Wahoo, USS (SS-238), 250–51, 276–77
in attack on Japanese submarine I-2, 263–64
destroyer sunk by, 270–71
equator-crossing ceremony on, 272
in failed attack on Chiyoda, 257–58
first kill of, 262
first patrol of, 257–59, 260, 275
four-ship Japanese convoy sunk by, 272–75
Japanese troop transport sunk by, 273–75
landing of, 252
mechanical problems of, 258
Morton appointed commander of, 266–67
second patrol of, 261–62, 265, 275
third patrol of, 267–76, 275
torpedoes of, 251–52
in Wewak harbor attack, 268–71
Wahoo Daily Gazette, 261
Wakefield, USS, 15
Wake Island, 7, 132, 141, 314, 453
Walke, USS, 169
Walker, Frank R., 234–35
Waller, Raoul, 329, 332
“Waltzing Matilda,” 212
Wamai River, 206
War Department, U.S., 209
Pentagon building of, 89–90
War Without Mercy (Dower), 507
“Washing Machine Charlie” (Japanese float plane patrol), 63, 72, 98–99, 139, 353
Washington, D.C.:
Allied conference in (1942), 95
Allied conference in (1943), 312
temporary government buildings in, 89
wartime population explosion in, 88–90
Washington, USS, 56, 160
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 168–69, 170–72
Washington Post, 86
Wasp, USS, 17, 20, 25–26, 33, 37, 59, 76, 107, 111, 484
sinking of, 109–11, 124
WATCHTOWER, Operation, see Guadalcanal campaign
Watson, Thomas E., 399, 400
Webb, W. B. “Spider,” 487
Wehrmacht, 11, 94
Wellington, New Zealand, 12, 15, 17, 19
Wendy Point, 393
West Point, see Military Academy, U.S.
West Virginia, USS, 291, 292
Wewak, New Guinea, 267
Wahoo’s attack on, 268–71
White House:
Map Room in, 93–94, 95
Oval Study in, 92
Widdy, Charles, 18, 66
Widhelm, William J. “Gus,” 150
William Ward Burrows, 103
Wilson, Woodrow, 91
Withers, Thomas, Jr., 254, 255, 256, 278
Wolfert, Ira, 97
Woodlark Island, 222, 239
Works Progress Administration, 88
World War I, 253
FDR and, 91
German-Soviet peace treaty in, 95
World War II:
calls for second European front in, 94–95
eastern front in, 11, 94, 96, 308–9, 530
expansion of federal bureaucracy in, 88–89
expansion of presidential power in, 88
Normandy invasion in, 530
see also Pacific War
Wotje Atoll, 379, 384, 385
strike on, 380
Wright, Carleton, 177–78
Yamada, Sadayoshi, 30
Yamamoto, Isoroku, 108, 122, 146, 147, 154, 185, 187, 188, 195, 201–2, 403, 415, 416
death of, 203–6, 207, 446
funeral of, 207–8
Guadalcanal campaign, and, 204
KA-Go offensive of, 68–69, 75–83
luxurious lifestyle of, 116–17
Midway battle and, 119
Operation I-Go and, 202–3
Pearl Harbor attack and, 117, 118–19
political career of, 117–18
strategic failures of, 204
war with U.S. opposed by, 118, 202
Yamato, 76, 116, 119–20, 121, 147, 156, 416, 450, 452, 455, 471
Yamato Damashi (Japanese fighting spirit), 444
Yamauchi, Takeo, 503, 507
Yamazaki, Yasuyo, 230
Yank, 98
Yano Battalion, Japanese, 183, 184
Yarbrough, Tom, 97
Yarnell, Harry E., 435
Yasukuni Shrine, 114
Yokaren pilot training program, 430, 431–32
Yokoi, Shoichi, 521–22
Yokosuka D4Y Suisei (“Judy”), 427–28
Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal, 428
Yomiuri, 529
Yonai, Mitsumasa, 208, 533, 534, 535, 536
Yorktown, USS (CV-5), xxvii, 7, 59, 326
Yorktown, USS (CV-10), 301, 323, 326, 339, 341, 368, 370, 371–72, 373, 377, 379, 381–82, 388, 404, 405, 478
in arrival at Pearl Harbor, 332
commissioning period of, 328–30
FM-1 Wildcat crash on, 372–73
sea trials of, 330
Young, Cassin, 161, 164
“Young Turks,” 324, 326
Yubari, 41, 46, 453
Yugumo, 234
Yunagi, 41
Yura, 147
Z, Operation, 368, 418
Zen-Gen Sakusen (attrition operations), 41–42
“Zero” (A6M) fighters, xxii, 187, 303
alterations to, 425
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149–50
in dogfights with U.S. fighters, 31–34, 100–101
as obsolete, 424
strafing by, 101–2, 135
Zuiho, 149, 419
Zuikaku, 69, 82, 147, 149, 405, 419, 423, 428, 473, 486, 490–91
Zurlinden, Pete, 465