Introduction
1 H. R. Williams, An Anzac on the Western Front: The Personal Reflections of an Australian Infantryman from 1916 to 1918, (1933), Barnsley, 2012, p. 135.
2 Quinn, L 13/7/18, AWMPR86/136.
3 Rafferty, D 6/9/18, WA Army Museum, File no. UH11/2.
4 For command and control in the British Army, see G. Sheffield & D. Todman (eds), Command and Control on the Western Front: The British Army’s Experience 1914–18, Staplehurst, 2004.
5 Bean D, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, pp. 93–104.
6 J. Maxwell, ‘Audacity: Bootless Prisoners’, Reveille, 30/5/31.
7 Bean D, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, pp. 93–104.
8 Wilson, D 10/6/18, AWMPR86/341.
9 In C. E. W. Bean, The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918: The Australian Imperial Force in France During the Allied Offensive, hereafter Official History, 1918, Vol. VI, Canberra, 1942, p. 429.
10 Jones, P July 1918, AWM2DRL/0521.
11 Traill, D 7/7/18, AWM2DRL/711.
12 Cave, L 20/7/18, MLMSS1224.
13 B. Bishop, The Hell, the Humour and the Heartbreak: A Private’s View of World War 1, Kenthurst, 1991, p. 181.
14 S. Robbins, British Generalship on the Western Front 1914–18: Defeat into Victory, London, 2005, p. 88.
15 See F. W. Speed (ed), Esprit de Corps: The History of the Victorian Scottish Regiment and the 5th Infantry Battalion, North Sydney, 1988, pp. 107, 111.
16 Bean wrote three chapters on ‘peaceful penetration’ in the Official History, Vol. VI, and referred to several incidents in Vol. V. After Bean the longest accounts of ‘peaceful penetration’ are: M. Molkentin, ‘Like cats in the night: aggressive patrolling by Australians on the Western Front in 1918 created a decisive edge against the Germans’, Wartime, Issue 43, pp. 20–23, followed by M. Brown, Imperial War Museum Book of 1918: Year of Victory, London, 1998, pp. 179–182; B. Gammage, The Broken Years: Australian Soldiers in the Great War, (1974), Melbourne, 2010, pp. 200–202, 204; J. Beaumont, Broken Nation: Australians in the Great War, Crows Nest, 2013, pp. 435–436.
17 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 32–33.
18 G. D. Mitchell, Backs to the Wall: A Larrikin on the Western Front, (1937), Crows Nest, 2007, p. 289.
19 J. Grey, A Military History of Australia, Port Melbourne, 2008, p. 108.
20 Bean, D 1/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/44–45.
21 In J. Lack (ed), Anzac Remembered: Selected Writings of K.S. Inglis, Melbourne, 1998, p. 25.
22 J. Monash, Australian Victories in France, Sydney, 1936, p. 115.
23 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL/0013.
24 See R. Stevenson, To Win the Battle: The 1st Australian Division in the Great War, 1914–1918, Port Melbourne, 2013, pp. 102–105; C. McCarthy, Command and Control, pp. 174–190; A. MacDonald, Passchendaele: The Anatomy of a Tragedy, Auckland, 2013, pp. 110–113; J. Lee, in B. Bond et al, ‘Look to Your Front’: Studies in the First World War, Staplehurst, 1999, pp. 81–84; P. Griffith, Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army’s Art of Attack 1916–18, London, 1994, pp. 65–83.
25 Stevenson, To Win the Battle, pp. 103, 107. For the other Australian divisions see Bean, Official History, Vol. IV, pp. 234, 426, 578, 580, 730–732.
26 P. A. Pedersen, Monash as Military Commander, Carlton, 1985, p. 214.
27 P. Yule (ed), Sergeant Lawrence Goes to France, Carlton, 1987, p. 171.
28 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL 0013.
29 G. Wilson, Bully Beef & Balderdash: Some Myths of the AIF Examined and Debunked, Newport, 2012, pp. 61–119; J. Bou, Light Horse: A History of Australia’s Mounted Arm, Port Melbourne, 2010, pp. 1–4, 55–58, 107, 132–138.
30 W. Harney, Bill Harney’s War, South Yarra, 1983, p. 24.
Chapter One
1 A. G. Butler, Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914–1918, Vol. II, Melbourne, 1940, pp. 647–650.
2 Barwick, D 24/3/18, MLMSS1493.
3 In Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p. 437.
4 Edwards, MS 11/4/18, AWMPR89/050.
5 18 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 3, AWM 4, 23/35/33.
6 Lock, D 30/3/18, AWMPR00327.
7 ‘Gutzer Farm, Meteren’, Reveille, 1 November 1934, p. 32.
8 Clements, D 26/4/18, AWM3DRL/0961.
9 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
10 Miller, D 11/6/18, AWMPR00792.
11 E. J. Rule, Jacka’s Mob: A Narrative of the Great War, (1933), Prahran, 1999, p. 125.
12 Bourke, L 23/4/18, AWM1DRL/0139.
13 See Pedersen, Monash, pp. 212–214; Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp. 212–226.
14 Boyce, M 27–29/3/18, AWM2DRL/1180.
15 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 225.
16 Mitchell, Backs to the Wall, p. 289.
17 See Gen Staff HQ 3 Aus Div War Diary, April 1918, App 16, AWM4/1/46/18/Part2.
18 App 20, AWM4/1/46/18/Part2.
19 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p. 40.
20 16 Bn War Diary, 15/4/18, AWM4/23/33/29Part1.
21 Sandilands, D 16/4/18, AWMPR01350. The battalion war diary states the action occurred on 15/4/18, AWM4/23/33/29Part1.
22 Smith, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/156.
23 43 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 2, AWM4/23/60/20.
24 The cemetery is Dive Copse Cemetery. http://www.cwgc.org
25 See Croft, Citation Bar to MM, AWM28/1/130/0010.
26 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 17, AWM4/23/58/19Part1.
27 App 18, AWM4/23/58/18Part1.
28 App 18, AWM4/23/58/18Part1.
29 Whannell, Citation MM, AWM28/1/158/0044.
30 A circular detailing the raid was provided to the author courtesy of Ian Butler.
31 Private collection of Ian Butler.
32 In J. N. I. Dawes & L. L. Robson, Citizen to Soldier: Australia Before the Great War – Recollections of Members of the First A.I.F., Melbourne, 1977, pp. 142–143.
33 In Dawes & Robson, Citizen to Soldier, p. 143.
34 Butler, Citation MC, AWM28/1/156/0091.
35 Private collection of Ian Butler, letter Heron to Mrs Butler, 15/5/18.
36 Private collection of Ian Butler, letter Heron to Mrs Butler, 15/5/18.
37 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
38 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
39 Wiles, Citation DSO, AWM28/1/158/0038.
40 Dixon, Citation DCM, AWM28/2/75/0024.
41 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
42 41 Bn War Diary April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
43 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 18, AWM4/23/58/18Part1.
44 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
45 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 25, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
46 Robinson, Citation MC, AWM28/1/160/0042.
47 The Forty-First: Being a Record of the 41st AIF During the Great War, compiled by members of the Intelligence Staff, St Maxen, 1919, p. 94; 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
48 41 Bn War Diary, April 1918, App 30, AWM4/23/58/18Part2.
49 In Boyce, L. (Heron to Boyce) 1/5/18, AWM2DRL/1180.
50 The Forty-First, p. 91.
51 This figure is the sum of men trained for formal raids at Armentières between January and March 1917. See 41 Bn War Diaries, January to April 1917: AWM4/23/58/3; AWM4/23/58/4; AWM4/23/58/5 & AWM4/23/58/6.
52 See, for instance, Croft, Citation MM, AWM28/1/130/0010.
53 The Forty-First, p. 34; 41 Bn War Diary, App 9, AWM4/23/58/4.
54 41 Bn War Diary, February 1917, App 10, AWM4/23/58/4.
55 Bean, Official History, pp. 32–33.
56 The Forty-First, p. 33.
57 41 Bn War Diary, 16 April 1917, AWM4/23/58/6.
58 41 Bn War Diary, 24 April 1917, AWM4/23/58/6.
59 The Forty-First, p. 32.
60 41 Bn War Diary, February 1918, App 3, AWM4, 23/58/16.
61 10 Bde War Diary, App 2, AWM4/23/10/19.
62 10 Bde War Diary, App 2, AWM4/23/10/19.
63 F. C. Green, The Fortieth: A Record of the 40th Battalion, A.I.F., (1922), Uckfield, 2007, p. 129.
64 40 Bn War Diary, 18/4/18, AWM4/23/57/25Part1.
65 9 Bde War Diary, May 1918, App 4, AWM4/23/9/19.
66 In P. A. Pedersen, Battleground Europe Hamel: Somme, Barnsley, 2003, pp. 33–34.
67 58 Bn War Diary, April 1918, including entry 5/4/18 & App 3, AWM4/23/75/27.
68 Mitchell, Backs to the Wall, pp. 289–290.
69 Williams, An Anzac on the Western Front, p. 101.
70 In Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 43.
71 31 Bn War Diary, 2/5/18, AWM4/23/48/34.
72 The headline comes from a cutting from a newspaper (possibly the Daily Mail) found in the private records of 4399 Pte G. V. Rose, MLMSS2963.
73 Barwick, D 24/3/18, MLMSS1493.
74 Britton, L 13/5/18, AWM1DRL/155.
75 In R. McMullin, Pompey Elliott, Melbourne, 2008, p. 456.
76 Turnbull, D 20/4/18, AWMPR91/015. Eventually Lewis handed his prisoner over to some higher authority and the brigade war diarist recorded the ‘identification was normal though the means of obtaining it rather extraordinary’. 14 Bde War Diary, April 1918, AWM4/23/14/25. This story is also told in Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 43 n27; Williams, An Anzac on the Western Front, pp. 139–140 (Williams refers to Lewis using the pseudonym Lucas). See also 3145 Lewis, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
77 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 33.
78 Clements, D 28/4/18, AWM3DRL/0961.
79 4815A Pte J. R. N. Smith, L 8/5/18, AWM2DRL/027.
80 Clements, D 12/5/18, AWM3DRL/0961.
81 Clements, D 16/5/18, AWM3DRL/0961.
82 Williams, An Anzac on the Western Front, p. 133.
83 Private collection courtesy of Dalton F. Neville.
84 ‘World’s Super-raider, diggers adopt Indian warfare, Sydney man’s extraordinary exploits’, Sunday Times, Perth, 26/02/22, p. 16.
85 Hodge, D 26/5/18, AWMPR00792.
86 Geddes, D 12/6/18, MLMSS 2763/Item 1.
87 Hodge, D 5/6/18, AWMPR00792.
88 Street, MS AWMPR85/179.
89 McClusky, Citation MM, AWM28/1/298. On discipline see 651 McCluskey [sic], recordsearch.naa.gov.au.
90 Monck, Citation CdeG (Bel), AWM28/1/298.
91 Neville, Citation MC, AWM28/1/298.
92 See, for instance, map in FA Stichnoth, AWMPR88/088.
93 Street, MS AWMPR85/179.
94 In The Forty-First, p. 91.
Chapter Two
1 L. M. Newton, The Story of the Twelfth: A Record of the 12th Battalion A.I.F. During the Great War of 1914–1918, Hobart, 1925, pp. 438–42.
2 In W. C. Belford, Legs Eleven: Being the Story of the 11th Battalion AIF in the Great War, (1940), Uckfield, 2010, p. 564.
3 In Gammage, Broken Years, p. 200.
4 Godfrey, D 4/5/18, AWM3DRL/3318. The men involved were: Lt R. Dowling MC, Lt H. R. Davis DCM, MSM, and Pte R. M. Beatham VC, MID.
5 In ‘“Raggy” Holland Passes: 10th Bn. Stalwart’, Reveille, 1/1/41, p. 8.
6 Belford, Legs Eleven, pp. 559–560.
7 Mercer, D 24/4/18, MLMSS1143.
8 Newton, The Story of the Twelfth, pp. 434–435, 446–447.
9 ‘Donald McLeod’, Western Mail, 10/11/38, p. 67.
10 Western Mail, 10/11/38, p. 67.
11 Newton, The Story of the Twelfth, pp. 107, 121.
12 R. A. Wilson, A Two Years Interlude: France, 1916–1918, Palmerston North, first edition, n.d., pp. 87–88.
13 Traill, D 11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0711.
14 For example, Lt B. Vaughan, Lt J. A. Forrester, Lt M. W. Forbes and Lt G. W. P. Kay. The death of Forbes is recounted in T. A. Cusack & F. W. Taylor, Nulli Secundus: A History of the Second Battalion, A. I. F.1914–1919, Sydney, 1942, p. 305.
15 Traill, D 8/7/18, AWM2DRL/0711.
16 W. D. Joynt, Saving the Channel Ports: 1918 After the Breach of the 5th Army, North Blackburn, 1975, pp. 98–99.
17 4 Bn War Diary 5/5/18 & App 7, AWM4/23/21/39Part1; R. Austin, The Fighting Fourth: A History of Sydney’s 4th Battalion 1914–1919, Melbourne, 2007, p. 173; Lean, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/57/0006.
18 4 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 4, AWM4/23/21/39Part1.
19 4 Bn War Diary 5/5/18 & App 7, AWM4/23/21/39Part1; Austin, The Fighting Fourth, p. 173; Lean, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/57/0006.
20 Traill, D 9/6/18, AWM2DRL/711.
21 Belford, Legs Eleven, pp. 569–570.
22 ‘Colonel Lillie’s Story’, 5th Battalion Association Bulletin, No. 28, 24 April 1977, AWM3DRL6557. Lillie’s acknowledgement of Maddox is consistent with the historical evidence in official records, in other men’s diaries and in articles in Reveille. See, for instance: Edwards, AWMPR089/050, D July 1918; ‘Daylight Raids Lieut. Neil Maddox’s Report’, Reveille, 1/5/38, p. 16; ‘Lieut Neil S. Maddox’, Reveille, 1/9/41, p. 18; Bean notes, AWM38/3DRL/606/196/40–41.
23 Belford, Legs Eleven, pp. 569–570; Keighley, Citation MC, AWM28/2/62/0048; Wearmouth, Citation MM, AWM28/1/58/0013.
24 See, for instance, Hamley, D 8/5/18, AWMPR89/144; Inman, D 8/5/18, WA Army Museum, Personal document 1325, Catalogue No. 33367; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 50–51; Bean notes, ‘11th Battalion Patrols at Méteren’, AWM38/3DRL/606/199/7–8.
25 11 Bn War Diary, 8/5/18, AWM4/23/28/39.
26 9 Bn War Diary, 11/5/18, AWM4/23/26/41.
27 In N. K. Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line: The History of the 9th Battalion, A.I.F., (1941), Uckfield, 2010, p. 214.
28 USA General Staff, Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-one Divisions of the German Army which participated in the War (1914–1918), Chaumont, 1919, pp. 213–214; Wrench, Campaigning with the Fighting Ninth, p. 233.
29 5 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/22/39.
30 Speed (ed), Esprit De Corps, p. 81.
31 N. S. Maddox, Biographical file AWM43 B12.
32 Reveille, 1/9/41, p. 18.
33 The Poetical Works of Henry Lawson, Sydney, 1974, pp. 5–8.
34 Edey, ‘Comments on the 1914/18 War’, SLVMSB223 MS10511.
35 Ian Sharman, pers com, 8/8/12.
36 Edey, D 20/9/17, SLVMSB223 MS10511.
37 Sgt S. L. Williams DCM, MM; L/Cpl T. Haydon MM; L/Cpl R. H. Abernethy; the other Williams is unknown.
38 Reveille, 1/5/38, p. 16.
39 Reveille, 1/5/38, p. 16. See also 5 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 9, AWM4/23/22/39. Maddox, Citation MC, AWM28/2/297Part3/0009; Haydon, Citation MM, AWM28/2/297Part2/0049: Williams, Citation MM, AWM28/1/59/0005.
40 5 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 8a, AWM4/23/22/39.
41 A. P. Hastings in Speed (ed), Esprit de Corps, p. 106.
42 762 Hall, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
43 Hall, Citation MM, AWM28/2/53, Citation Bar and second Bar to MM, AWM28/2/297Part2.
44 7610 Randall, Red Cross File AWM1DRL/0428/2/224/2/1.
45 5 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 13, AWM4/23/22/39.
46 See, for instance, ‘Line Policy’ 1 Aus Inf Bde, 17/5/18 in 4 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 21, AWM4/23/21/39Part3.
47 See 4 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 21, AWM4/23/21/39Part3; 1 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 13, AWM4/23/18/31.
48 In D. McCarthy, Gallipoli to the Somme: The Story of C. E. W. Bean, Sydney, 1983, p. 66.
49 Jones, 3 Bn, P 19–20/5/18, AWM2DRL/0521.
50 4 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 21, AWM4/23/21/39Part3.
51 3 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 25, AWM4/23/20/39.
52 Bruggy MM, 3 Bn War Diary, 22/5/18, AWM4/23/20/39.
53 Bean folders, ‘Merris Patrols Historical Notes’, ‘Bruggy’s Raid 22/5/18, Kinchington’s account 8/2/37’, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918-1935.
54 ‘Memories of Meteren’, Reveille, 1/6/34, p. 13; Bean folders, ‘Bruggy’s Raid’, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918-1935.
55 Reveille, 1/6/34, p. 13; Bean folders, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918–1935.
56 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 55; Reveille, 1/6/34, p. 13.
57 F. M. Cutlack, The Australians: Their Final Campaign, 1918, London, 1918, p. 232.
58 Edwards, MS 27/5/18, AWMPR89/050.
59 See Edwards, MS 27/5/18, AWMPR89/050; Chedgey L, 10/6/18, AWM2DRL/0178.
60 Edwards, MS 27/5/18, AWMPR89/050.
61 Edwards, MS April–July 1918, AWMPR89/050.
62 Edwards, Citation MM, AWM28/1/34Part1.
63 Edwards, MS April–July 1918, AWMPR89/050.
64 Harney, Bill Harney’s War, p. 20.
65 Chedgey, L 23/4/18, AWM2DRL/0178.
Chapter Three
1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 105.
2 18 Bn War Diary, May 1918, Apps 9X18 & 16X18, AWM4/23/35/34.
3 Bean notes, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, 93–104.
4 This can be gleaned from Bean’s conversation with Murphy in notes, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, 93–104.
5 18 Bn War Diary, May 1918, App 25X18, AWM4/23/35/34.
6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 107.
7 Bean notes, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, 93–104; Awards for gallantry: Irvine, Citation Bar to MC, AWM28/1/109/0018; Boyce, Citation DCM, AWM28/2/313; Peacock, Citation MM, AWM28/1/109/0032; Scotland Citation MM, AWM28/1/109/0028; Dunkinson, Citation MM, AWM28/2/313/0055.
8 Bean notes, Morlancourt, May 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/112/12–16, 93–104.
9 J. Maxwell, Hells Bells and Mademoiselles: A True Story of Life, Love and Larrikinism on the Western Front, (1932), Sydney, 2012, p. 190.
10 Wiltshire, D 18/5/18, MLMSS3058/Box 2/Items 19 & 20.
11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 146.
12 Irvine, Citation Bar to MC, AWM28/1/109/0018.
13 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 107–108.
14 H. Hamilton Fyfe, ‘Daring Australian Raids: A Piece of Work Well Worth Doing: Anzac’s Battle Field Message’, & ‘Sunshine that did it: Keeping the Germans Guessing’, Daily Mail, 21/5/18, in 5 Bde War Diary, May 1918, App 83a, AWM4/23/5/35Part2.
15 See Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 108.
16 22 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App B, AWM4/23/39/34.
17 22 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App C, AWM4/23/39/34.
18 Wiltshire, D 9/6/18, MLMSS3058/Box 2/Items 19 & 20.
19 22 Bn War Diary, App C, AWM4/23/39/34.
20 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 108.
21 20 Bn War Diary, App 34, AWM4/23/37/34; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 108.
22 20 Bn War Diary, 19 May 1918, AWM4/23/37/34.
23 Jackson, D 4/6/18, AWM3DRL/3846.
24 Jackson, D 29/5 to 5/6/18, AWM3DRL/3846.
25 Father: Pte J. Jackson, 55 Bn. Brothers: Sgt H. M. Jackson, 13 Bn, & Lenard Jackson, served as Pte R. W. Mayhew, 55 Bn. A fourth brother served in the 2nd AIF.
26 ‘Diary of a Footslogger’, Stand To, Vol. 9, No. 3 November–December, 1964, p. 1.
27 Stand To, October–December 1964, p. 1, 3, 26.
28 Jackson, D 19/4/18, AWM3DRL/3846.
29 See, for instance, Flannery, OH, AWMSO1312.
30 Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 128.
31 Bridges, Citation MM, AWM28/1/111/0016.
32 See 24 Bn War Diary, 8/6/18, AWM4/23/41/33.
33 24 Bn War Diary, 11/6/18, AWM4/23/41/33; Munro, Citation MM, AWM28/1/111/0029.
34 Wilson, D 11/6/18, AWM PR86/341.
35 Green, The Fortieth, p. 140.
36 Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 128.
37 Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p. 116.
38 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, n68, pp. 240–241.
39 33 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App 27, AWM4/23/50/20.
40 Britton, D 21/6/18, MLMSS 1396.
41 Young, D 25/6/18, MLMSS985.
42 ‘Daylight Raid’, 33 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App 27, AWM4/23/50/20.
43 MC Widdy & MM Brecht.
44 Mention in Corps Orders, AWM28/1/165/007.
45 The Forty-First, p. 94.
Chapter Four
1 Newton, The Story of the Twelfth, p. 454.
2 Mack, D 30–31/5/18, AWMPR01061.
3 9 Bn War Diary, 1/6/18, AWM4/23/26/42.
4 Knight, Citation MM, AWM28/1/61/0004; see also Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line, p. 217.
5 Gemmell, D 3/6/18, AWM2DRL/0181.
6 Belford, Leg Eleven, p. 580.
7 3 Bde had about 100 casualties. A full description of the battle is in Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 388.
8 In Belford, Legs Eleven, p.582.
9 Vickers, Citation MM, AWM28/1/37/0057; Citation DCM, AWM28/2/62/0010.
10 Newton, The Story of the Twelfth, p. 453.
11 Vickers, Citation Bar to DCM, AWM28/1/61/0037.
12 In Reveille, 1/4/38, pp. 62–63.
13 ‘Sgt. A.T. Morrison, D.C.M: A Tribute’, Reveille, 1/4/38, pp. 62–63.
14 In Reveille, 1/4/38, pp. 62–63.
15 In Speed (ed), Esprit de Corps, p. 109.
16 Bean folders, ‘Merris Patrols Historical Notes’, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918–1935.
17 2/Lt R. E. Taylor, London Gazette, 11068 Supplement, 14 Nov 1916, http://www.london-gazette.co.uk./issues/29824/supplements/11068
18 R. E. Taylor, L 21/3/39, Biographical file AWM43.
19 Taylor, Citation Bar to MC, AWM28/1/62/0004.
20 Bean, ‘Merris Patrols’, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918-1935.
21 In Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 395.
22 D. Bilton, Images of War: The Germans in Flanders 1917–1918, Barnsley, 2013, p. 198.
23 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 395.
24 E. Wren, Randwick to Hargicourt: History of the 3rd Battalion, A.I.F., Sydney, 1924, p. 297.
25 In Reveille, 1/6/34, p. 13.
26 Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-one Divisions of the German Army, p. 461.
27 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 397.
28 Dexter, D 15/6/18, AWMPR00248.
29 In 373 Chambers, Red Cross File AWM1DRL/0428.
30 In 5 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App 15, AWM4/23/22/40.
31 373 Chambers, Red Cross File, 1DRL/0428.
32 Edwards, MS 15–18 June 1918, PR89/050.
33 540A Bursill, Red Cross File, AWM1DRL/0428.
34 2/Lt H. S. Davis, Red Cross File, AWM1DRL/0428.
35 In Bursill, Red Cross File, AWM1DRL/0428.
36 D. L. Suller, ‘Action Before Hazebrouck’, The Fighting Ninth: Official Journal of the 9th Battalion A.I.F. Association, November, 1966, p. 22. See also 9 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App 15, AWM4/23/26/42.
37 See 9 Bn War Diary, 23/6/18, AWM4/23/26/42.
38 J. Sinclair, ‘The Colonel, A Vivid and Unique Personality’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
39 In ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
40 ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
41 Bean, Official History, Vol. III, p. 273.
42 ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
43 ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2; ‘Battn Training. Lecture to all ranks on forthcoming operations by C.O.’ in 10 Bn War Diary, 12/9/17; App 3 AWM4/23/27/23.
44 Searcy, M June 1918, AWMPR84/075.
45 In ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
46 ‘The Colonel’, Lock collection, SLSAPRG272/2.
47 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 404.
48 10 Bn War Diary, June 1918, App XI, AWM4/23/27/32.
49 Wright, D 28/6/18, AWMPR86/308.
50 Leathley, Citation MM, AWM28/1/64/0012.
51 C. Lock, The Fighting 10th: A South Australian Centenary Souvenir of the 10th Battalion, A.I.F., 1914–1919, Adelaide, 1936, p. 81.
52 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 405.
53 Mack, D 28/6/18, AWMPR01061.
54 Davey, Citation VC, AWM28/2/58/0033.
55 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 81.
56 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 82; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 403.
57 Mack, D 28/6/18, AWMPR01061.
58 See, for instance, Bean, D 29/6/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/40; Belford, Legs Eleven, p. 615.
59 Holmes, A Magnificent Anzac, 2013.
Chapter Five
1 Roberts, L 21/8/18, SLVMS8183 Box 265/4.
2 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 339; Brown, Citation VC, AWM28/1/113/0004 & AWM28/1/113/0005.
3 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 340.
4 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 340.
5 21 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 15, AWM4/23/38/35/Part2.
6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 340–341. See entries in Jackson, D July 1918, AWM3DRL/3846; Rosenthal, D 6/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item 2.
7 Bean folders, ‘Interview with W.E. Brown VC, DCM, 20th Bn, re Villers-Bretonneux 6/7/18’, 26/4/38, AWM38/3DRL606/274B/1/1918–1941; W Nelson, ‘Heroic V.C. Winner of World War I Sgt. Walter Ernest Brown, V.C., D.C.M.’, Reveille, 1/1/68, p. 11.
8 Brown, L 31/5/27 (to Treloar), AWM93/12/11/4808.
9 Brown, L 31/5/27 (to Treloar), AWM93/12/11/4808.
10 20 Bn War Diary, October 1917, App 5, AWM4/23/37/27Part1; Brown, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/95/0056.
11 Bean folders, AWM38/3DRL606/274B/1/1918-1941.
12 Bea n, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 345.
13 Murray Citation MC & O’Farrell Citation MM, AWM28/1/236.
14 Hodge, D 10/7/18, AWMPR87/208.
15 50 Bn War Diary, 9/7/18, AWM4/23/67/25.
16 Hodge, D 10/7/18, AWMPR87/208.
17 W. Dollman & H. M. Skinner, The Blue and Brown Diamond: A History of the 27th Battalion Australian Imperial Force, 1915–1919, Adelaide, 1921, p. 141.
18 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 375–376.
19 Rosenthal, D 7/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item2.
20 Rosenthal, D 11/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item2.
21 Colman, L 19/10/38, in Bean Folders AWM38/3DRL/606/275/1/1918–1938.
22 Colman, MS p. 309, AWMMSS1357.
23 Dollman & Skinner, The Blue and Brown Diamond, p. 143.
24 Colman, MS p. 309, AWMMSS1357.
25 Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938.
26 Colman, MS p. 311, AWMMSS1357.
27 Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938.
28 Colman, MS p. 314, p. AWMMSS1357.
29 Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938.
30 Colman, annotated map attached to L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938; Photo 20.
31 Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938.
32 Colman, MS p. 315, AWMMSS1357.
33 Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938.
34 Colman, Citation MC, AWM28/2/329/0003.
35 Colman, MS p. 317, AWMMSS1357.
36 Rosenthal, D 8/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item2.
37 36 Bn on 4/4/18, then 12 Bde on 3/5/18. See Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp. 337–348, 643–654 respectively.
38 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 353.
39 Bea n, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 353; E. Morrow, Iron in the Fire, (1934), Victoria Park, 2006, pp. 112–113.
40 Coburn, Citation MC, AWM28/1/113/0046.
41 Bean, Official History, p. 354.
42 See Wehsack, Citation MM, AWM28/1/113/0048; Coburn, Citation MC, AWM28/1/113/0046.
43 4303 Pte G. Brown, 28 Bn, Seaman, of York, WA. E 15/1/16, aged 35, KIA 9/7/18.
44 Willis, Citation MM, AWM28/1/113/0049.
45 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 356.
46 H. Kahan, The 28th Battalion Australian Imperial Force: A Record of War Service, (1969), Victoria Park, 2007, p. 58.
47 Bean, Official History, p. 357.
48 Grey, A Military History of Australia, p. 108.
49 Rosenthal, D 12/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item 2.
50 See, for instance, 27 Bn War Diary, 6/7/18, (wrong date given in official record), AWM4/23/44/35; 5 Bde War Diary, 15/7/18, AWM4/23/5/37Part1; Colman, L 19/10/38, AWM38/3DRL606/275/1/1918–1938; Colman, MS, AWMMSS1357.
51 Rosenthal, D 15/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item 2.
52 Rosenthal, D 15/7/18, MLMSS2739/Item 2; 5 Bde War Diary, 15/7/18, AWM4/23/5/37Part1.
53 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, n24, p. 42.
54 For instance, the Bendigonian reported on Thursday, 8/3/17, p.3: ‘The Times correspondent … states that Gommecourt was occupied by peaceful penetration’. Pte Robert Cude, serving with the Buffs, used the term ‘peaceful penetration’ in his diary in early 1917, to describe formal patrols that gained 2700 yards of uncontested ground during the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line. Pte R. Cude, D 13/3/17, IWM: PP/MCR/C48 & Con Shelf, p. 66. Reference courtesy of R. Stevenson, UNSW.
55 In K. W. Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion A.I.F. in the Great War, Sydney, 1946, p. 245.
56 5 Bde War Diary, 15/7/18, AWM4/23/5/37Part1.
57 In Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p. 246.
58 Willard, Citation MC, AWM28/1/114.
59 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p. 245.
60 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p. 244.
61 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p. 247.
62 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, pp. 247–248.
63 Broder, Citation Bar to MM, AWM28/1/114.
64 Bean, Official History, p. 369; 5 Bde War Diary, July 1918, AWM4/23/5/37Part1.
65 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p. 247.
66 5681 Broder, Disch 1/3/15, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
67 5681 Broder, charges against, 31/12/14; 18/2/15, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
68 Broder, Citation MM, AWM28/1/95Part1.
69 5681 Broder, FGCM held at La Houssie 9/5/18. Extract from Part 11 Orders, daily order 30/2832, 26/5/18, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
70 In 5681 Broder, FGCM 9/5/18, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
71 5681 Broder, L 14/5/19, recordsearch.naa.gov.au
72 H. Matthews, Saints and Soldiers: With the Men Over There, Sydney, 1918, p. 22.
73 C. E. W. Bean, Anzac to Amiens, (1946) Ringwood, 1993, p. 465.
74 In Monash, Australian Victories in France, p. 47.
75 Mitchell, Backs to the Wall, p. 293.
76 In Gammage, Broken Years, p. 201.
77 H. R. Williams, Comrades of the Great Adventure, Sydney, 1935, p. 247.
78 56 Bn War Diary, 25/7/18, AWM4/23/73/30.
79 Willia ms, Comrades, p. 248.
80 56 Bn War Diary, 25/7/18, AWM4/23/73/30.
81 Williams, Comrades, p. 248.
82 56 Bn War Diary, 25/7/18, AWM4/23/73/30.
83 Williams, Comrades, p. 248.
84 G. H. F. Nichols, Pushed and the Return Push, London, 1919, pp. 148–149.
85 Bean, D 11/7/18, AWM38/116, 25, 25a.
86 Jones, P July 1918, AWM2DRL/0521.
Chapter Six
1 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL/0013.
2 In Yule (ed), Sergeant Lawrence Goes to France, p. 170.
3 Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, Intelligence Summary No. 79, 2/7/18, App IV, AWM4/1/42/42Part2.
4 See, for instance, Traill, D 11/7/18, AWM2DRL/711; Abson, D 12/7/18, AWM2DRL/0007.
5 Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, Intelligence summary No. 80, 3/7/18, App IV, AWM4/1/42/42Part2.
6 Sheppard, Citation MM, AWM28/2/56/0023; R. Austin, Cobbers in Khaki: The History of the 8th Battalion 1914–1918, McCrae, 1997, p. 197.
7 In E. Swinton (ed), Twenty Years After: The Battlefields of 1914–18 Then and Now, London, 1938, p. 345.
8 In Swinton (ed), Twenty Years After, p. 338.
9 Southey, Citation MC, AWM28/1/65/0033.
10 6 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App V, AWM4/23/23/32; R. Austin, As Rough as Bags: The History of the 6th Battalion, 1st A. I. F., 1914–1919, Melbourne, 2005 p. 247.
11 6 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App XVII, AWM4/23/23/32.
12 Bea n, Official History, Vol. VI, fn 94, p. 409.
13 6 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 7, AWM4/23/23/32; 4 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 1, AWM4/23/21/41Part1.
14 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 410.
15 Stobie, D 10–11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0196.
16 Addy, D 10/7/18, MLMSS1607 Items 1 & 2.
17 Billiet, Citation MM, AWM28/2/54.
18 Kerry, Citation MM, AWM28/1/65/0024.
19 In Yule (ed), Sergeant Lawrence Goes to France, p. 171.
20 Edwards, MS June 1918, AWMPR89/050
21 Traill, D 8/7/18 (Actually 9–10/7/18), AWM2DRL/0711.
22 Traill, D 8/7/18 (Actually 9–10/7/18), AWM2DRL/0711.
23 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; Langford, MS 10–11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0666; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 417–418.
24 Traill, D 6/7/18, AWM2DRL/0711.
25 ‘Interview with GE Gaskell’, 1/8/18, Bean notes, AWM38/3DRL/606/187/8-21.
26 Scott, Citation MSM, AWM28/1/41/0024.
27 Langford, MS 10–11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0666.
28 Bean notes, 1/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/187/8–21.
29 Bean notes, 1/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/187/8–21.
30 Bean notes, 1/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/187/8–21.
31 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 415.
32 Langford, MS 11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0666.
33 Rostron, Citation MM, AWM28/2/49/0014.
34 Cave, L 20/7/18, MLMSS1224.
35 1 Bn War Diary, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, ‘Weekly Intelligence Summary No.2’, 21/7/18, App IV, AWM4/1/42/42Part2.
36 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; see also 11 East Yorks War Diary, July 1918, pp. 113–119 of 200, WO/95/2357-0-519.
37 Cave, L 13/7/18, MLMSS1224.
38 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33.
39 Scott, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/65/0010.
40 Cave, L 13/7/18, MLMSS1224.
41 Wood & Cooney, Citation MM, AWM28/1/65/0012.
42 Hedley, Citation MM, AWM28/1/65/0023.
43 7519 Poulton Red Cross File 1DRL/0428.
44 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 417.
45 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33.
46 See, for instance, Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 417–418; 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; Langford, MS 10–11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0666.
47 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33.
48 Cave, L 20/7/18, MLMSS1224.
49 Abraham, Citation MM, AWM28/1/65.
50 Leighton, Citation DCM, AWM28/2/49/0023.
51 See 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 10, AWM4/23/18/33; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 418–419.
52 1 Bn War Diary, 11/7/18, AWM4/23/18/34.
53 1 Bn War Diary, App 4, AWM4/23/18/33.
54 Pte Somerville, 1 Bn; Pte Poulton 4 Bn KIA; Cpl Leighton, 1 Bn; Capt A. S. Allen MC, 4 Bn.
55 In Bean, Official History, pp. 420–421.
56 Traill, D 11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0711.
57 Pte H. H. Kempe MM; Sgt R. H. Hart MM; Cpl A. J. Bruce MID. The other two men are unknown.
58 In Yule (ed), Sergeant Lawrence Goes to France, p. 170; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 421.
59 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 7, AWM4/23/18/33.
60 In Yule (ed), Sergeant Lawrence Goes to France, p. 171.
61 Bean, D 12/7/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/26.
62 1 Bn War Diary, App 7, AWM4/23/18/33.
63 Lt Col C. H. Gurney DSO, 11 East Yorks Reg, ‘The Great War an Adventure of the 11th Battn E. Yorkshire Regiment’, in 11 Bn East York Regt, War Diary, July 1918, pp. 113–119 of 200, NAWO/95/2357-0-519.
64 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 7, AWM4/23/18/33.
65 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 1, AWM4/23/18/33.
66 Lawton, Red Cross File, AWM1DRL/0428.
67 See MID 11–12/7/18 in 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 10, AWM4/23/18/33.
68 A second platoon from A Company moved into close supports.
69 Langman Red Cross File 1DRL/0428. 3816
70 In 6708 Burke Red Cross File, 1DRL/0428.
71 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33.
72 11 Bn East York Regt, War Diary, July 1918, ‘A Report on Daylight Operation carried out by the 11th Bttn East Yorkshire Regiment on 12th July 1918’, p. 110 of 200, NAWO/95/2357-0-519; A Short Diary of the 11th Service Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment, 1914–1919, Compiled by ‘Some of Them’, Hull, 1921, pp. 56–57.
73 A Short Diary of the 11th Service Battalion, pp. 56–57; Edwards, D 13-20/7/18, AWMPR89/050.
74 Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, App XXV, 17/7/18, AWM4/1/42/42Part9.
75 11 Bn East York Regt, War Diary, July 1918, ‘A Report on Daylight Operation carried out by the 11th Bttn East Yorkshire Regiment on 12th July 1918’, pp. 109–112 of 200, NAWO/95/2357-0-519.pdf.
76 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33.
77 A Short Diary of the 11th Service Battalion, p. 92.
78 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; 11 Bn East York Regt, War Diary, July 1918, ‘A Report on Daylight Operation carried out by the 11th Bttn East Yorkshire Regiment on 12th July 1918’, pp. 109–112 of 200, NAWO/95/2357-0-519.pdf.
79 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a.
80 1 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 4a, AWM4/23/18/33; 11 Bn East York Regt, War Diary, July 1918, ‘A Report on Daylight Operation carried out by the 11th Bttn East Yorkshire Regiment on 12th July 1918’, pp. 109–112 of 200, NAWO/95/2357-0-519.pdf.
81 5 Bn War Diary, 12/7/18, AWM4/23/22/41; 6 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 11, AWM4/23/23/32.
82 Abson, D 11/7/18, AWM2DRL/0007.
83 Abson, D 12/7/18, AWM2DRL/0007.
84 Austin, Rough as Bags, p. 250.
85 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL/0013.
86 Jones, P July 1918, AWM2DRL/0521.
87 3 Bn War Diary, 14/7/18, AWM4/23/20/41; Jones, P July 1918, AWM2DRL/0521.
88 Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, Intelligence Summary No. 94, 17/7/18, App IV, AWM4/1/42/42Part3.
89 G. V. Evans, Recollections of the 1914–1918 War, Spring Hill, 1982, pp. 33–34.
90 Preston, M ‘Daylight Raid’, 17/7/18, AWM2DRL/0811.
91 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 424.
92 Jones, P July 1918, AWM2DRL/0521.
93 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL/0013.
94 9 Bn War Diary, 19/7/18, AWM4/23/26/43.
95 Wrench, Campaigning with the Fighting Ninth, p. 242.
96 Wrench, Campaigning with the Fighting Ninth, p. 242.
97 3 Bde War Diary, 16/7/18, AWM4/23/3/33Part1.
98 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 83.
99 3 Bde War Diary, App 16a, AWM4/23/3/33Part1; 10 Bn War Diary, App XVI, AWM4/23/27/33.
100 10 Bn War Diary, App XVI, AWM4/23/27/33.
101 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 431.
102 3 Bde War Diary, App 16a, AWM4/23/3/33Part1.
103 Searcy, M July 1918, AWMPR84/075.
104 Beatty, Citation MM, AWM28/2/58/0021.
105 In 355 Faint, Red Cross File, AWM1DRL/0428; Faint, Citation MM, AWM28/2/58/0021.
106 Warner, Citation MM, AWM28/1/66/0028.
107 ‘[B]y patrols no major operation’ in Searcy, M AWMPR84/075. For 10 Bn patrols 22–30/7/18 see 10 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App XVI, AWM4/23/27/33.
108 Stevenson, To Win the Battle, p. 189.
109 Stevenson, To Win the Battle, p. 188.
110 Operational orders: Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, App XIV, AWM4/1/42/42Part8; 3 Bde War Diary, July 1918, App 31, AWM4/23/3/33Part2; 10 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 10, AWM4/23/27/33.
111 ‘Battalion order No. 109’, 3 Bde War Diary, July 1918, App 31, AWM4/23/3/33Part2.
112 In Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 86. Operational orders: Gen Staff HQ 1 Aus Div War Diary, App XIV, AWM4/1/42/42Part8; 3 Bde War Diary, July 1918, App 31, AWM4/23/3/33Part2; 10 Bn War Diary, July 1918, App 10, AWM4/23/27/33.
113 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 86; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 434 n61.
114 Sgt E. W. Mann MM, 10 Bn; Pte D. Winter MM, 10 Bn. Mann & Winter Citation MM WM28/1/66/23.
115 Cilento, Citation MM, AWM28/2/58/0044.
116 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 435.
117 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 86.
118 3 Bde War Diary, July 1918, App 31, AWM4/23/3/33Part2; Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 85.
119 Neave, Citation MM, AWM28/2/58/0025.
120 Faint, Citation Bar to MM, AWM28/2/58/0020.
121 Sharland, Citation MC AWM28/2/58/0016; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 436.
122 Elvidge, Citation MM AWM28/2/58/0037.
123 Beaton, Citation MM, AWM28/2/58/0035.
124 Pennington, Citation MC AWM28/2/58/0005.
125 Lock, The Fighting 10th, p. 89
126 Lock, The Fighting 10th, pp. 85–89.
127 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 438.
128 In Stevenson, To Win the Battle, p. 190.
129 Stevenson, To Win the Battle, pp. 189–190; Holmes, A Magnificent Anzac, pp. 111–114; Molkentin, Wartime, Issue 43, p. 23.
130 Maddox lecture see Edwards, MS July 1918, AWMPR89/050.
131 See, for instance, J. Ewing, The History of the Ninth (Scottish) Division 1914–1919, London, 1921, p. 322; A Short Diary of the 11th Service Battalion, p. 57; D. Bilton, Hull Pals: 10th, 11th, 12th & 13th Battalions East Yorkshire Regiment: A History of the 92 Infantry Brigade 31 Division, South Yorkshire, 1999, pp. 154–157.
132 Traill, D 22/7/18, AWM2DRL/711.
133 Bean, D 31/7/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/44-45.
134 7 Bn War Diary, 1/8/18, AWM4/23/24/42; 8 Bn War Diary, 1/8/18, AWM4/23/25/44; Bean, D 31/7/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/44–45.
135 In Bean notes, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918–1935.
136 Bean notes, AWM38/3DRL/606/252/1/1918–1935.
137 In Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 440.
Chapter Seven
1 In Belford, Legs Eleven, p. 606.
2 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 202.
3 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 1082.
4 The term is used in the diary of D. T. W. Neville to refer to his work as a patrol instructor attached to III Corps, 17–22/7/18. Private papers courtesy of Dalton F. Neville.
5 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 440; Green, The Fortieth, p. 146.
6 Pedersen, Monash, pp. 234–235.
7 Wrench, Campaigning with the Fighting Ninth, p. 242.
8 Carne, M July, AWM2DRL/0013.
9 In Swinton (ed), Twenty Years After, p. 345.
10 2658 Elliott, L 18/2/20, AWM2DRL/0213.
11 31 Bn War Diary, 22/7/18, AWM4/23/48/36. The special patrol instructors who accompanied Neville on the stealth raid were: Pte J. Mathison; Pte A. R. Martin; L/Cpl R. A. Howes; Sgt P. F. Cahill; Pte J. Finch; Pte J. W. J. Haggar; Pte A. E. Leabeater; Pte M. J. Kerr; Pte J. P. Walsh; Pte R. J. Linford; Sgt E. W. Stanford; Pte A. T. Higgins. These men were identified courtesy of the private collection of Dalton F. Neville.
12 Bean, Notes, AWM38/196/40–41.
13 In L (Maddox to G. L. Makin) 12/8/18, papers of (703) Makin AWM1DRL/0473.
14 Maddox, L 12/8/18, in Makin AWM1DRL/0473.
15 On 7–14/8/18 the Australian Corps suffered 6491 casualties, a quarter of its strength on entering the battle. http://www.anzacsinfrance.com/1918/
16 McMullin, Pompey Elliott, pp. 464–465.
17 Ludendorff, in Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 614.
18 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 649.
19 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
20 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
21 2/10 Bn War Diary, August 1918, ‘2/10th Battalion, London Regiment. Summary of Operations. Sailly Laurette and Chipilly. August 3 to 12, 1918: Third Phase. The Capture of Chipilly Spur’, p. 11 in W0/95/30009, p. 121 of 199.
22 Andrews, L 29/12/29 AWM1DRL/0043.
23 See 1 Bn War Diary, 9/8/18, AWM4/23/18/34; 2/10 Bn War Diary, August 1918, ‘Summary of operations’, p. 11 in WO/95/30009, pp. 121–122 of 199.
24 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 650.
25 See 2/10 Bn War Diary, August 1918, ‘Summary of Operations’, p. 11 in WO/95/30009, p. 121 of 199; P. Hart, 1918: A Very British Victory, London, 2008, pp. 341–342; W. E. Grey, The 2nd City of London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) in the Great War (1914–1919), 1929, pp. 342–351.
26 In Hart, 1918, pp. 341–342.
27 1 Bn War Diary, 9/8/18, AWM4/23/18/34.
28 2/10 Bn War Diary, August 1918, ‘Summary of Operations’, p. 11 in W0/95/30009, pp. 121–122 of 199; 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/18/34.
29 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/18/34.
30 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
31 2/10 Bn War Diary, August 1918, ‘Summary of operations’, p. 13 in W0/95/30009, p. 123 of 199.
32 Hayes marksmanship: 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 1, ‘Five rounds “application”’ & ‘10 rounds “rapid”’, AWM4/23/18/34; Barwick, D30/11/17, ‘the day when C Coys crack shots went shooting’, MLMSS1493.
33 Andrews, M 1975, MLDOC2754.
34 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
35 41 Bn were organised by Lt Col T. I. C. Williams DSO, MID, CdG (Fr). See Andrews M 1975, MLDOC2754; 41 Bn War Diary 9/8/18, AWM4/23/58/22.
36 Deitz, D 9/8/18, AWMPR01937.
37 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
38 Andrews, D 23–24/7/16, MLMSS7504.
39 Hayes, D 18–22/8/16. Courtesy of Helen Thompson & Nola Moore.
40 Jackson, D 31/8/18, AWM3DRL/3846.
41 Barwick, D 15/4/18, MLMSS1493.
42 Andrews, M 1975, MLDOC2754.
43 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
44 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/18/34; Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
45 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
46 421370 Sgt H. L. Darby DCM, of Ipswich, Eng. Citation DCM in Supplement to the London Gazette, 15/11/18, p. 13439; 2/10 Battalion War Diary, August 1918, ‘Summary of Operations’, p. 13 in W0/95/30009, p. 123 of 199.
47 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
48 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/18/34.
49 The history of the 120th IR states that its men withdrew ‘under pressure of a hostile encircling movement on the south’. This was the six Australian stealth raiders. The history of the 479th IR supports this. See Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 652–653. The 131st US Regiment also reported on the Australian outflanking movement from the south in Van Every, The A.E.F. in Battle, New York, 1923, p. 226.
50 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
51 ‘Glowing in terms’ in Andrews, M 1975 MLDOC2754; Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, n22, p. 652.
52 Andrews, L 29/12/29, AWM1DRL/0043.
53 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 8, AWM4/23/18/34.
54 50 Bn War Diary, 9/8/18, AWM4/23/67/26.
55 Monash, Australian Victories in France, p. 115.
56 Sydney Morning Herald, Wednesday 31/12/19, p. 8.
57 Grey, The 2nd City of London Regiment, pp. 350–351.
58 Van Every, The A.E.F. in Battle, p. 226.
59 Traill, D 16/8/18, AWM2DRL/0711.
60 Berrell, Citation DSO in Supplement to the Edinburgh Gazette, 5/2/19, p. 622.
61 Awards: Hayes DCM, Andrews DCM, Fuller, Kane & Stevens MM, Turpin MSM.
62 Barwick, D 4/9/18, MLMSS1493.
63 Hayes, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/44Part1.
64 Andrews, M 1975, MLDOC2754.
65 See D. V. Mastriano, Alvin York: A New Biography of the Hero of the Argonne, Kentucky, 2014, pp. 133–141.
66 Barwick, D 6/8/16, MLMSS1493.
67 Hayes, D 19/7/16.
68 Hayes, D 22/7/16. The battalion went over the top just after midnight on 23/8/16, but Hayes wrote up the event in his diary under the date 22/7/16.
69 At 8/2/18 only 69 originals were left in the battalion. See 1 Bn War Diary, AWM4/23/18/28.
70 Hayes, D 24–25/7/16.
71 Pers comm John Hayes, 7/7/2013; Barwick D, 7/12/17, MLMSS1493.
72 Barwick, D 28/11/16, MLMSS1493.
73 Hayes, D 28–30/11/16.
74 Hayes notebook, Ypres 6/9/16, courtesy of Helen Thomson and Nola Moore.
75 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 236.
76 Hayes, D 21/4/17 & 23–26/5/17.
77 Hayes, D 1–3/6/17.
78 Barwick, D April 1918 & 2/11/17, MLMSS1493.
79 Hayes, D 19/3/16; 18–22/8/16; 10/9/16.
80 Andrews, D 11/11/17, MLMSS7504.
81 Andrews, D 11/11/17, MLMSS7504; Hayes, D 11/11/17.
82 Pers comm, John Hayes, 7/7/2013.
83 Andrews, M 1975, MLDOC2754.
84 Pers comm, John Hayes, 7/7/2013.
85 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 812.
86 See, for instance, 1 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 14, AWM4/23/18/34.
87 Bean notes, [23/8/18], AWM38/3DRL/606/193/5; 2 Bn War Diary, August 1918, App 16, AWM4/23/19/40.
88 Robbins, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/242.
89 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 742.
90 McCarthy, SO 7/11/65, AWMSO3037.
91 McCarthy, SO 7/11/65, AWMSO3037. See also, Citation VC, AWM28/1/242.
92 McCarthy, Citation VC, AWM28/1/242.
93 Robbins, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/242.
94 McCarthy, SO 7/11/65, AWMSO3037.
95 McCarthy, SO 7/11/65, AWMSO3037. Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 743.
96 McCarthy, SO 7/11/65, AWMSO3037.
97 McCarthy, Citation VC, AWM28/1/242.
98 Aarons, D 23/8/18, AWM3DRL/7047.
99 McCarthy, Citation VC, AWM28/1/242. McCarthy claimed he killed about 50 Germans, SO AWMSO3037.
100 Aarons, D 23/8/18, AWM3DRL/7047.
101 McCarthy, Citation VC, AWM28/1/242.
102 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 743.
103 See the ‘weekly dispatch’ from London, ‘McCarthy – Super VC’, in the Richmond River Herald and Northern Districts Advertiser, 25/7/19, p. 8.
104 Bean, D 15/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/80.
105 See, for instance, Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 429; 4 Bde War Diary 17/8/18, AWM4/23/4/35Part1; Betteridge, D 13–17/8/18, courtesy of Beth Harvey; Smythe, D 13–29/8/18, AWMPR01463.
106 See, for instance, Beaumont, Broken Nation, p. 479.
107 Bean, D 25/8/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/1.
108 J. Maynard, The Unseen Anzac: How an Enigmatic Polar Explorer Created Australia’s World War I Photographs, Melbourne, 2015, p. 165.
109 AWME02990; AWME02992.
110 Brown, Citation MM, AWM28/1/47Part2; Henley, Citation MM, AWM28/1/47Part2.
111 Henley, Citation DCM, AWM28/1/49Part2.
112 In Bill Harney’s War, p. 4.
113 In Beaumont, Broken Nation, p. 479.
114 6 Bde War Diary, August 1918, App 36, AWM4/23/6/36Part1.
115 In Smythe, D 20/8/18, AWMPR01463.
116 C. Pugsley, The ANZAC Experience: New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War, Auckland, 2004, p. 272.
117 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 806.
118 Bean, Notes, September 1918, AWM38/3DRL/606/192/57–8.
119 In Pugsley, The Anzac Experience, p. 273.
120 Jackson, D 30–31/8/18, 1918, AWM3DRL/3846.
121 Boxsell, Citation DCM, AWM28/2/317Part1.
122 In D. M. Horner (ed), The Commanders: Australian Military Leadership in the Twentieth Century, Sydney, 1984, p. 116.
123 P. Stanley, Men of Mont St Quentin: Between Victory and Death, Melbourne, 2009, p. 254.
124 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 812.
125 Rafferty, D 6/9/18, WA Army Museum, File No. UH11/2.
126 http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/woods-james-park-9178.
127 1st British Division. See Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp. 930–931.
128 48 Bn War Diary, 19/9/18, AWM4/23/65/32.
129 In I. Chapman, Iven G. Mackay: Citizen and Soldier, Melbourne, 1975, p. 107.
Conclusion
1 Bourke, D 28/4/18, AWM1DRL/0139.
2 Bean, Anzac to Amiens, p. 444.
3 A. A. Montgomery, The Story of the Fourth Army in the Battles of the Hundred Days: August 8th to November 11th, London, 1919, p. 1.
4 In Gammage, Broken Years, p. 230.
5 A. M. Ross, ‘Australian Patrol Operations, Strazeele, July, 1918’, Royal United Services Institution Journal, 67: 468, p. 652.
6 In Belford, Legs Eleven, p. 606.
7 S. Gillon, The Story of the 29th Division: A Record of Gallant Deeds, London, 1925, p. 197.
8 Ewing, The History of the Ninth (Scottish) Division, p. 322.
9 G. H. F. Nicholls, The 18th Division in the Great War, Edinburgh & London, 1922, p. 339.
10 A Short Diary of the 11th Service Battalion, p. 57.
11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 439.
12 H. Stewart, The New Zealand Division 1916–1919: A Popular History Based on Official Records, Auckland, 1921, p. 384.
13 Stewart, The New Zealand Division, p. 385.
14 The most famous stealth raider in the NZ Div was 9/523 Sgt RC Travis VC, DCM, MM, CdG (Bel), 2 Bn Otago Regt, Sheep farmer and horse breaker, of Opotiki & Gisborne, NZ. E 18/8/14, aged 31, KIA 25/7/18. See A. E. Byrne, Official History of the Otago Regiment, N.Z.E.F. in the Great War 1914–1918, Dunedin, 1921, pp. 317–320; J. Gasson, Travis V.C. Man in No Man’s Land, Wellington, Auckland & Sydney, 1966.
15 T. Cook, Shock Troops: Canadians Fighting the Great War 1917–1918, Vol. 2, Toronto, 2008, p. 400.
16 4 Can Bde War Diary, 26 May 1918, http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/e/e043/e001050945.jpg
17 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 439.
18 Pedersen, Monash, p. 214.
19 Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-one Divisions of the German Army, p. 288.
20 The Forty-First, p. 94.
21 Hart, 1918, p. 303.
22 9 Bn War Diary, 12/5/18, AWM4/23/26/41.
23 In Wrench, Campaigning with the Fighting 9th, p. 233.
24 In Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 59.
25 General staff HQ 1st Aus Div App IV, 30/7/18, AWM4/1/42/42Part3.
26 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 438.
27 General staff HQ 1st Aus Div App IV, 30/7/18, AWM4/1/42/42Part3.
28 Preston, M 17/7/18, AWM2DRL/0811.
29 Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-one Divisions of the German Army, p. 373.
30 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 438. See also Gammage, Broken Years, p. 227 n92.
31 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 15; 7981 Flannery, SO, AWMSO1312.
32 In Swinton (ed), Twenty Years After, p. 345.
33 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 247.
34 Harney, Bill Harney’s War, p. 46.
35 J. Ross, The Myth of the Digger: The Australian Soldier in Two World Wars, Sydney, 1985, pp. 60–61; D. Blair, Dinkum Diggers: An Australian Battalion at War (1st Battalion), Melbourne, 2001, p. 189.
36 Edwards, MS (no date) AWMPR89/050.
37 Joynt, Saving the Channel Ports, pp. 98–99.
38 ‘Cook to Lewis Gunner’, Reveille, 1/11/38, p. 14; ‘Men who helped to mould the battalion’, Ce Ne Fait Rien, AWM3DRL/7869(A).
39 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 202.
40 Colman, M p.85, AWMMSS1357.
41 Barwick, D 11/11/17, MLMSS1493.
42 Bean, D 14/7/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/26.
43 Colman, MS pp. 84–85 & 309, AWMMSS1357.
44 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 1084.
45 A. G. Butler, ‘“The Digger”: A Study in Democracy’, Reveille, 1/10/45, p. 4.
46 The Poetical Works of Henry Lawson, p. 103.
47 Bean, D 31/7/18, AWM38/3DRL/606/116/44–45.
48 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 1079, n11; Gammage, Broken Years, App 1, p. 287.
49 Williams, An Anzac on the Western Front, p. 101.
50 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 1079; Gammage, Broken Years, App 1, p. 287.
51 Colman, M p. 111, AWMMSS1357.
52 In C. Holbrook, Anzac: The Unauthorised Biography, Sydney, 2014, p. 98.
53 Holbrook, Anzac: The Unauthorised Biography, p. 98.
54 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 249.
55 G. D. Mitchell, ‘When Discipline Overcame Fear’, Reveille, 1/2/36, p. 10.
56 In Gammage, Broken Years, p. 210.
57 Jackson, ‘Flanders, 1917’, Stand To, Vol. II, No. 3, July–September, 1967, p. 10.
58 Mitchell, Backs to the Wall, p. 307.
59 Edwards, MS May 1918, AWMPR89/050.
60 Hodge, D 16/5/18, AWMPR87/208.
61 Smith, D 8/5/18, AWM2DRL/027.
62 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL/0013.
63 Gammage, Broken Years, p. 222.
64 See A. Ekins, ‘Fighting to Exhaustion: Morale, discipline and combat effectiveness in the armies of 1918’, 1918 The Year of Victory: The End of the Great War and the Shaping of History, Auckland, 2010, p. 116.
65 7784 Pte R. Stafford (aka Charles E. Riddett) 1 Bn, Labourer, of Wollongong, NSW. E 13/6/17, aged 22, DOI 19/3/19.
66 AWM51/122Parts1–9.
67 Street, MS AWMPR85/179.
68 Wiltshire, D 4/5/18, MLMSS3058/Box 2/Items 19 & 20.
69 In Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p. 1084.
70 Pugsley, The Anzac Experience, p. 276.
71 Carne, M July 1918, AWM2DRL 0013.
72 Edwards, MS July 1918, AWMPR89/050.
