Abbreviations
Common Abbreviations
Other, less common abbreviations are given in the text when the term is used.
| Ac | Acetyl |  |
| acac | Acetylacetonate (ligand) | |
| AIBN | Azobisisobutyronitrile | |
| aq | Aqueous | |
| ARC | Anion relay chemistry | |
| Ax | Axial | |
 |
9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonylboryl | |
| 9-BBN | 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane | |
| BDE | Bond dissociation energy | |
| BER | Borohydride exchange resin | |
| BINAP | (2R,3S)-2,2′-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binapthyl | |
| BINOL | 1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol | |
| BMS | Borane methyl sulfide | |
| Bn | Benzyl | –CH2Ph |
| Boc | tert-Butoxycarbonyl |  |
| Bpy (Bipy) | 2,2′-Bipyridyl | |
| BSA | N-O-Bis(trimethylsily)acetamide | |
| Bu | n-Butyl | –CH2CH2CH2CH3 |
| Bs | Brosylate, O-(4-Bromophenyl) sulfenate | |
| Bz | Benzoyl | |
| CAN | Ceric ammonium nitrate | (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 |
| cat | Catalytic | |
| Cbz | N-Carbobenzyloxy |  |
| CD | Circular dichroism | |
| Chap | Chapter(s) | |
| Chirald | (2S,3R)-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methylbutan-2-ol | |
| CIDNIP | Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization | |
| CIP | Cahn–Ingold–Prelog | |
| CNDO | Complete Neglect of Differential Overlap | |
| cod | 1,5-Cyclooctadienyl (ligand) | |
| cot | 1,3,5-Cyclooctatrienyl (ligand) | |
| Cp | Cyclopentadienyl | |
| Cy | Cyclohexyl |  |
| °C | Temperature in degrees Celcius | |
| 3D | Three dimensional | |
| DABCO | 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane | |
| DAST | Diethylammoniumsulfer trifluoride | Et2NSF3 |
| dba | Dibenzylidene acetone | |
| DBN | 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene | |
| DBU | 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene | |
| DCC | 1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide | c-C6H11–N=C=N–c-C6H11 |
| DDQ | 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone | |
| DDT | 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2′-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane | |
| DEA | Diethylamine | HN(CH2CH3)2 |
| DEAD | Diethylazodicarboxylate | EtO2C–N=NCO2Et |
| DHAD | Dihydroquinidine | |
| DHU | Dicyclohexylurea | |
| DIAD | Diisopropylazodicarboxylate | |
| Dibal-H | Diisobutylaluminum hydride | (Me2CHCH2)2AlH |
| DMA | Dimethylacetamide | |
| DMAP | 4-Dimethylaminopyridine | |
| DME | Dimethoxyethane | MeOCH2CH2OMe |
| DMEAD | Di-2-methoxyethyl azodicarboxylate | |
| DMF | N,N′-Dimethylformamide |  |
| DMS | Dimethyl sulfide | |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide (ligand) | |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid | |
| DOSY | Diffusion-ordered NMR Spectroscopy | |
| dppb | 1,4-Bis-(Diphenylphosphino) butane | Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2 |
| dppe | 1,2-Bis-(Diphenylphosphino)ethane; see also Diphos | Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 |
| dppf | Bis(Diphenylphosphino)ferrocene | |
| dpm | 1,1-Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane | |
| dppp | 1,3-Bis(Diphenylphosphino)propane | Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2 |
| e− | Transfer of electrons | |
| % ee | % Enantiomeric excess | |
| EE | 1-Ethoxyethoxy | EtO(Me)CH– |
| Et | Ethyl | –CH2CH3 |
| EDA | Electron donor–acceptor orbital | |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | |
| Equiv | Equivalent(s) | |
| EPR | Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy | |
| ESR | Electron spin resonance spectroscopy | |
| FMO | Frontier molecular orbital | |
| FVP | Flash vacuum pyrolysis | |
| GC | Gas chromatography | |
| h | Hour (hours) | |
| hν | Irradiation with light | |
| HF | Hartree–Fock | |
| HMO | Hückel molecular orbital | |
| HMPA | Hexamethylphosphoramide | (Me2N)3P=O |
| HMPT | Hexamethylphosphorus triamide | (Me2N)3P |
 NMR |
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | |
| HOMO | Highest occupied molecular orbital | |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography | |
| HSAB | Hard–Soft Acid–Base | |
| IBX | o-Iodoxybenzoic acid | |
| i-Pr | Isopropyl | –CH(Me)2 |
| IR | Infrared spectroscopy | |
| IUPAC | International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry | |
| ISC | Intersystem crossing | |
| LCAO | Linear combination of atomic orbitals | |
| LICA (LIPCA) | Lithium N-isopropyl-N-cyclohexylamide | |
| LDA | Lithium diisopropylamide | LiN(i-Pr)2 |
| LHMDS | Lithium hexamethyl disilazide | LiN(SiMe3)2 |
| LTMP | Lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide | |
| LUMO | Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital | |
| Mcpba | m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid | |
| Me | Methyl | –CH3 or Me |
| MEM | β-Methoxyethoxymethyl | MeOCH2CH2OCH2- |
| Mes | Mesityl | 2,4,6-tri-Me–C6H2 |
| min | minutes | |
| MMPP | Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate | |
| MO | Molecular Orbital | |
| MOM | Methoxymethyl | MeOCH2– |
| Ms | Methanesulfonyl | MeSO2– |
| MTO | Methyl trioxorhenium | |
| NBS | N-Bromosuccinimide | |
| NCS | N-Chlorosuccinimide | |
| NHS | N-Hydroxysuccinimide | |
| NIS | N-Iodosuccinimide | |
| NMO | N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide | |
| NMP | N-Methylpyrrolidinone | |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance | |
| NOESY | Nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy | |
| NOE | Nuclear overhauser effect | |
| Nu (Nuc) | Nucleophile | |
| OBs | O-(4-Bromophenyl)sulfinate | |
| Oxone® | 2 KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4 | |
 |
Polymeric backbone | |
| PCC | Pyridinium chlorochromate | |
| PDC | Pyridinium dichromate | |
| PEG | Polyethylene glycol | |
| PES | Photoelectron spectroscopy | |
| Ph | Phenyl |  |
| PhH | Benzene | |
| PhMe | Toluene | |
| PIFA | Phenyliodine (III)-bis-(trifluoroacetate) | |
| PPHF | Pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) | |
| PMHS | Polymethylhydrosiloxane | |
| Pr | n-Propyl | –CH2CH2CH3 |
| Py | Pyridine |  |
| Quant | Quantitative yield | |
| Red-Al | [(MeOCH2CH2O)2AlH2]Na | |
| ROESY | Rotating-frame NOE spectroscopy | |
| rt | Room temperature | |
| sBuLi | sec-Butyllithium | CH3CH2CH(Li)CH3 |
| s | seconds | |
| salen | Bis (salicylidene) ethylenediamine | |
| sc CO2 | supercritical CO2 | |
| SCF | self-consistant field | |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate | |
| Sec. | Section(s) | |
| SET | Single electron transfer | |
| Siamyl | ||
| (Sia)2BH | Disiamylborane sec-Isoamyl | |
| SOMO | Singly occupied molecular orbital | |
| Tr | Tritium | |
| TBAF | Tetrabutylammonium fluoride | n-Bu4N+ F− |
| t-Bu | tert-Butyl | –CMe3 |
| TEAB | Tetraethylammonium bromide | |
| TEBA | Triethylbenzylammonium | Bn(Et3)3N+ |
| TED | Tetraethylenediamine | |
| TEMPO | 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy free radical | |
| TFA | Trifluoroacetic acid (solvent) | CF3COOH |
| tfa | Trifluoroacetic acid (ligand) | (CF3CO)2O |
| Tf (OTf) | Triflate | –SO2CF3 (–OSO2CF3) |
| THF | Tetrahydrofuran (solvent) | |
| THP | Tetrahydropyran | |
| TMEDA | Tetramethylethylenediamine | Me2NCH2CH2NMe2 |
| TMS | Trimethylsilyl or tetramethylsilane | –Si(CH3)3 |
| Tol | Tolyl | 4-(Me)C6H4 |
| TOSMIC | Toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide | |
| TPAP | Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate | Pr4N+RuO4− |
| TPP | Triphenylphosphine (solvent) | |
| tpp | Triphenylphosphine (ligand) | pPh3 |
| Ts(Tos) | Tosyl = p-Toluenesulfonyl | 4-(Me)C6H4SO2 |
| UV | Ultraviolet spectroscopy | |
| VCD | Vibrational circular dichroism | |
| VDW | van der Walls | |
| vis | Visible | |
| XPS | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |