`NOTES`

`Introduction`

1. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, trans. Francis Storr (New York: Open Road Media, 2014).
2. John R. Logan and Harvey L. Molotch, Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
3. With some exceptions due to economic hardship in which landowners try to attract problematic environmental uses in order to bring increased capital for risk. For a study of hydraulic fracturing, see Colin Jerolmack, Up to Heaven and Down to Hell: Fracking, Freedom, and Community in an American Town (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021).
4. Ted Steinberg, American Green: The Obsessive Quest for the Perfect Lawn (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006).
5. Vicki Been, “City NIMBYs,” Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 33, no. 2 (2018): 217–50.
6. Robert Fogelson, Bourgeois Nightmares: Suburbia, 1870–1930 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).
7. Thomas Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014).
8. Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (New York: Liveright, 2017).
9. Vicki Been shows that NIMBY thinking has also moved from suburbia to inner-city neighborhoods. She also demonstrates how the sentiment has proliferated among renters who, without property at stake, still fear that new development will price them out of their chosen neighborhood due to drastic rent increases. Vicki Been, “City NIMBYs.” Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law 33, no. 2 (2018): 217–50.
10. Richard Florida, The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class—and What We Can Do about It (New York: Basic Books, 2017).
11. Been, “City NIMBYs,” 238–40.
12. Whitney Airgood-Obrycki, Ben Demers, Solomon Greene, et al. “Renters’ Responses to Financial Stress during the Pandemic,” Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 2021, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/research/files/harvard_jchs_renter_responses_covid_airgood-obrycki_etal_2021.pdf.
13. “Tracking the COVID-19 Recession’s Effects on Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships,” Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, DC, August 9, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-recessions-effects-on-food-housing-and.
14. Trivess Moore and David Oswald, “Why Did the Miami Apartment Building Collapse? And Are Others in Danger?” Conversation, June 25, 2021, https://theconversation.com/why-did-the-miami-apartment-building-collapse-and-are-others-in-danger-163425.
15. Louis Wirth, “Urbanism as a Way of Life,” American Journal of Sociology 44, no.1 (1938): 14.
16. “San Francisco’s Housing Crisis Needs Political Will,” Financial Times, November 9, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/d618987a-021f-11ea-be59-e49b2a136b8d.
17. Adam Brinklow, “SF Might Finally Have Gained More New Homes than People in 2019,” Curbed, December 23, 2019, https://sf.curbed.com/2019/12/23/21035307/san-francisco-population-2018-2019-housing-gains-california-department-finance.
18. Matthew E. Khan, “The Environmental Impact of Suburbanization,” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 19, no. 4 (2000): 569–86; William B. Meyer, The Environmental Advantage of Cities: Countering Commonsense Antiurbanism (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013).
19. UN Sustainable Development Goals, “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,” accessed December 2, 2020, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld.
20. Malte Steinbrink “ ‘We Did the Slum!’—Urban Poverty Tourism in Historical Perspective,” Tourism Geographies 14:2 (2012): 213–34, 213.
21. Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess, The City: Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967 [1925]), 53.
22. Mitchell Duneier, Ghetto: The Invention of a Place, the History of an Idea (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017).
23. Wirth, “Urbanism as a Way of Life,” 15.
24. For a discussion on density and political mobilization, see Colin McFarlane, “The Force of Density: Political Crowding and the City,” Urban Geography 41, no. 10 (2020): 1310–17.
25. Ibid, 48.
26. Georg Simmel, Simmel on Culture: Selected Writings, ed. Mike Featherstone (London: Sage, 1997), 176.
27. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Penguin, 2020 [1961]).
28. Max Holleran, “Bright Lights, Small Government: Why Libertarians Adore Jane Jacobs,” New Republic, November 23, 2016, https://newrepublic.com/article/138071/bright-lights-small-government.
29. Jane Jacobs, Vital Little Plans: The Short Works of Jane Jacobs, ed. Samuel Zipp and Nathan Storring (New York: Random House, 2016).
30. Emily Talen, “Sense of Community and Neighborhood Form: An Assessment of the Social Doctrine of New Urbanism,” Urban Studies 36, no. 8 (July 1999): 1361–79.
31. Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream (New York: North Point Press, 2000).
32. Svetlana Boym, Architecture of the Off-Modern (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009).
33. Neil Smith “New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy,” Antipode, 34, no. 3 (2002): 427–50.
34. Emily Badger and Quoctrung Bui, “Cities Start to Question an American Ideal: A House with a Yard on Every Lot,” New York Times, June 18, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/18/upshot/cities-across-america-question-single-family-zoning.html.
35. For the British example, see John Boughton, Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing (New York: Verso, 2018). For more on the American divestment in public housing, see Sudhir Venkatesh, American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002).
36. Stephen J. K. Walters, Boom Towns: Restoring the Urban American Dream (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014).
37. Vicki Been, Ingrid Gould Ellen, and Katherine O’Regan, “Supply Skepticism: Housing Supply and Affordability,” Housing Policy Debate 29:1 (2019): 25–40.
38. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose and Michael Storper, “Housing, Urban Growth and Inequalities: The Limits to Deregulation and Upzoning in Reducing Economic and Spatial Inequality,” Urban Studies 57, no. 2 (February 2020): 223–48.
39. Tom Agnotti and Sylvia Morse (eds), Zoned Out! Race, Displacement and City Planning in New York City (New York: Terreform, 2016); Andrejs Skaburskis, “Filtering, City Change and the Supply of Low-priced Housing in Canada,” Urban Studies 43, no. 3 (2006): 533–58.
40. Been, “City NIMBYs.”
41. Nils Kok, Paavo Monkkonen, and John M. Quigley, “Land Use Regulations and the Value of Land and Housing: An Intra-metropolitan Analysis,” Journal of Urban Economics 81 (2014): 136–48; Stuart S. Rosenthal, “Are Private Markets and Filtering a Viable Source of Low-Income Housing? Estimates from a ‘Repeat Income’ Model,” American Economic Review 104, no. 2 (2014): 687–706.
42. Xiaodi Li, “Do New Housing Units in Your Backyard Raise Your Rents?” NYU Furman Center Working Paper, December 16, 2019, https://blocksandlots.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Do-New-Housing-Units-in-Your-Backyard-Raise-Your-Rents-Xiaodi-Li.pdf.
43. Jake Wegmann and Karen Chapple, “Hidden Density in Single-Family Neighborhoods: Backyard Cottages as an Equitable Smart Growth Strategy,” Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 7, no. 3 (2014): 307–29.
44. Been, Ellen, and O’Regan, “Supply Skepticism.”
45. Gianpaolo Baiocchi and H. Jacob Carlson, “What Happens When 10 Million Tenants Can’t Make Rent?” New York Times, March 3, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/03/opinion/affordable-housing-federal-agency.html.
46. Manuel B. Aalbers, “The Variegated Financialization of Housing,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 41, no. 4 (2017): 542–54; Brett Christophers, “How and Why U.S. Single-Family Housing Became an Investor Asset Class,” Journal of Urban History, July 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442211029601.
47. Martine August and Alan Walks, “Gentrification, Suburban Decline, and the Financialization of Multi-family Rental Housing: The Case of Toronto,” Geoforum 89 (2018): 124–36.
48. Esther Sullivan, Manufactured Insecurity: Mobile Home Parks and Americans’ Tenuous Right to Place (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2018).
49. Tim Logan, “Two Gatherings, Two Visions for Fixing Boston’s Housing Crisis,” Boston Globe, September 20, 2018, https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2018/09/20/two-gatherings-two-visions-for-fixing-boston-housing-crisis/aB9HnRP3QGmSHxM07bV8WI/story.html.
50. A version of this chapter appeared as the article Max Holleran, “Millennial ‘YIMBYs’ and Boomer ‘NIMBYs’: Generational Views on Housing Affordability in the United States,” Sociological Review 69, no. 4 (2021): 846–61, https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120916121.
51. Doug McAdam and Hilary Boudet, Putting Social Movements in Their Place: Explaining Opposition to Energy Projects in the United States, 2000–2005 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
52. Robert Fishman, Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1982).
53. Joshua Long, Weird City: Sense of Place and Creative Resistance in Austin, Texas (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010).
54. Sharon Zukin, Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).

`Chapter 1: The Bay Area and the End of Affordability`

1. Lawrence Ferlinghetti, “In Golden Gate Park That Day …,” Coney Island of the Mind (New York: New Directions, 1958).
2. Alison Isenberg, Designing San Francisco: Art, Land, and Urban Renewal in the City by the Bay (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017).
3. Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
4. Clayton Howard, “Building a ‘Family-Friendly’ Metropolis: Sexuality, the State, and Postwar Housing Policy,” Journal of Urban History 39, no. 5 (2013): 941.
5. Howard, “ ‘Family-Friendly’ Metropolis,” 947.
6. Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture.
7. Adam Brinklow, “San Francisco Market Rents Soar up to 105 Percent above Average,” Curbed San Francisco, October 2, 2019, https://sf.curbed.com/2019/10/2/20895578/san-francisco-median-rents-market-census-september-2019.
8. Michael D. Shear, Thomas Fuller, and Peter Baker, “San Francisco to Get Environmental Violation for Homeslessness, Trump Says,” New York Times, September 18, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/18/us/politics/trump-san-francisco-homeless.html.
9. Benjamin Schneider, “The Dirty Truth about San Francisco’s Sidewalks,” CityLab, August 2, 2018, https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/08/san-franciscos-sidewalk-poop-problem/566621/.
10. Alec MacGillis, Fulfillment: Winning and Losing in One-Click America (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2021).
11. This term was originally used by Bill DeBlasio in his campaign for New York City mayor but is applicable to most large and expensive American cities.
12. Conor Dougherty and Andrew Burton, “A 2:15 Alarm, 2 Trains and a Bus Get Her to Work by 7AM,” New York Times, August 17, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/business/economy/san-francisco-commute.html.
13. Christin Ayers, “San Jose Median Home Price Drops $1.2 Million,” CBS SF Bay Area, April 23, 2019, https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/04/23/san-jose-median-home-price-drops-slightly-1-2-million/.
14. Sarah Holder, “The Cities Where Job Growth Is Outpacing New Homes,” CityLab, September 10, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-09/the-cities-where-job-growth-is-outpacing-new-homes.
15. Blanca Torres, “Housing’s Tale of Two Cities: Seattle Builds, S.F. Lags,” San Francisco Business Times, April 28, 2017, https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/04/28/san-francisco-seattle-housing-production-pipelines.html.
16. John Baranski, Housing the City by the Bay: Tenant Activism, Civil Rights, and Class Politics in San Francisco (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019).
17. Victoria Fierce, “YIMBY Socialism,” Medium, April 22, 2017, https://medium.com/@tdfischer_/yimby-socialism-704e6cb4007c.
18. Deepa Varma, “The Big Lie about California’s Housing Crisis,” San Francisco Chronicle July 27, 2017, https://www.sfexaminer.com/opinion/the-big-lie-about-californias-housing-crisis/.
19. Laura E. Ferguson, “A Gateway without a Port: Making and Contesting San Francisco’s Early Waterfront,” Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (2018): 610.
20. John R. Logan and Harvey L. Molotch, Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).
21. Tony Robinson, “Gentrification and Grassroots Resistance in San Francisco’s Tenderloin,” Urban Affairs Review 30, no. 4 (March 1995): 487.
22. Nikil Saval, Cubed: The Secret History of the Workplace (New York: Anchor, 2015).
23. “San Francisco City and County Census,” Bay Area Census, accessed June 2020, http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/SanFranciscoCounty70.htm.
24. “Bay Area Census, Historical Data” Bay Area Census, accessed June 2020, http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/historical/corace.htm.
25. Louise Nelson Dyble, “The Defeat of the Golden Gate Authority: A Special District, A Council of Governments, and the Fate of Regional Planning in the San Francisco Bay Area,” Journal of Urban History 34, no. 2 (January 2008): 293–95.
26. Quoted in Baranski, Housing the City by the Bay, 147.
27. Baranski, Housing the City by the Bay.
28. Isenberg, Designing San Francisco, 325.
29. Paul Goldberger, “Transamerica Building: What Was All the Fuss About?” New York Times, March 2, 1977, https://www.nytimes.com/1977/03/02/archives/transamerica-building-what-was-all-the-fuss-about.html.
30. Baranski, “Housing the City by the Bay,” 134.
31. Howard, “ ‘Family-Friendly’ Metropolis,” 944.
32. “Brown Assails Prop. 14 as ‘Cudgel of Bigotry,’ ” Los Angeles Times, October 8, 1964, p. 18.
33. Carol Hager and Mary Alice Haddad, Nimby Is Beautiful: Cases of Local Activism and Environmental Innovation around the World (New York: Berghahn, 2015).
34. Conor Dougherty, Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America (New York: Penguin, 2020).
35. Jeffrey I. Chapman, Proposition 13: Some Unintended Consequences (Sacramento, CA: Public Policy Institute of California Report, 1998).
36. Alex Schafran, “Origins of an Urban Crisis: The Restructuring of the San Francisco Bay Area and the Geography of Foreclosure,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37, no. 2 (March 2013): 663–88.
37. Richard E. DeLeon. “The Urban Antiregime: Progressive Politics in San Francisco,” Urban Affairs Quarterly 27, no. 4 (June 1992): 561–62.
38. DeLeon, “Urban Antiregime,” 563.
39. Robinson, “Gentrification and Grassroots,” 498.
40. John Stehlin, “The Post-Industrial ‘Shop Floor’: Emerging Forms of Gentrification in San Francisco’s Innovation Economy,” Antipode 48, no.2 (2016): 480.
41. Jathan Sadowski, Too Smart: How Digital Capitalism Is Extracting Data, Controlling Our Lives, and Taking Over the World (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020).
42. Keller Easterling, Extrastatecraft: The Power of Infrastructure Space (New York: Verso, 2016).
43. Nikhil Annand, Akil Gupta, and Hannah Appel (eds.), The Promise of Infrastructure (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018).
44. Susan Leigh Star and Karen Ruhleder, “Steps toward an Ecology of Infrastructure: Design and Access for Large Information Spaces,” Information Systems Research 7, no. 1 (1996): 111–34.
45. Sharon Zukin, Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
46. Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (New York: Routledge, 1996).
47. Baranski, Housing the City by the Bay, 199.
48. Simon Marvin and Stephen Graham, Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition (New York: Routledge, 2001): 215.
49. Adam Brinklow, “More Than 60 Percent of SF Renters Have Rent Control, Says City,” Curbed San Francisco, July 12, 2018, https://sf.curbed.com/2018/7/12/17565192/housing-needs-trends-report-rent-control-san-francisco.
50. “Consumer Expenditures for the San Francisco Area: 2017–18,” Western Information Office, US Bureau of Labour Statistics, accessed June 2020, https://www.bls.gov/regions/west/news-release/consumerexpenditures_sanfrancisco.htm.
51. Joe Matthews, “ ‘Protecting Community Character’ Is a Governing Philosophy That’s Hurting Californians,” Desert Sun, December 28, 2018, https://www.desertsun.com/story/opinion/columnists/2018/12/28/protecting-community-character-philosophy-divides-california-joe-mathews-column/2434731002/.
52. Ibid.
53. Julian Mark, “How the Developer of SF’s ‘Historic’ Laundromat Quietly Won,” Mission Local, February 4, 2019, https://missionlocal.org/2019/02/how-the-developer-of-sfs-historic-laundromat-quietly-won/; https://www.reddit.com/r/yimby/comments/jspagh/are_memes_welcome_here/.
54. Tim Redmond, “Nimbys, SFBARF, and a Clueless Writer at the NY Times” 48 Hills, April 23, 2016, https://48hills.org/2016/04/nimbys-sfbarf-clueless-writers-ny-times-2/.
55. Ben CS, “Tim Redmond and the Selfishness of the Old and Rich,” Medium, April 27, 2016, https://medium.com/@fonssagrives/tim-redmond-and-the-selfishness-of-the-old-and-rich-2e938e13ba01.
56. Redmond, “Nimbys, SFBARF, and a Clueless Writer.”
57. Japonica Brown-Saracino, A Neighborhood That Never Changes: Gentrification, Social Preservation, and the Search for Authenticity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009).
58. Erin McCormick, “Rise of the Yimbys: The Angry Millennials with a Radical Housing Solution,” Guardian, October 2, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/02/rise-of-the-yimbys-angry-millennials-radical-housing-solution.
59. Erin McElroy and Andrew Szeto, “The Racial Contours of YIMBY/NIMBY Bay Area Gentrification,” Berekeley Planning Journal 29 (2017): 7–46.
60. Scott Beyer, “Nativism: The Thread Connecting Progressive NIMBYs with Donald Trump,” Forbes, November 30, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottbeyer/2016/11/30/nativism-is-the-thread-connecting-progressive-nimbys-with-donald-trump/#b34c0f414ede.
61. Conor Doughtery, Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America (New York: Penguin, 2020).
62. Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right (London: Zero Books, 2017).
63. Reddit comment, R/YIMBY, 2017, https://www.reddit.com/r/oakland/comments/73tcu5/rise_of_the_yimbys_the_angry_millennials_with_a/.
64. Matt Levin, “ ‘Yes in My Backyard’ Movement, YIMBY, Grows as Bay Area Housing Tightens,” WBUR, August 8, 2018, https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2018/08/08/yimby-bay-area-housing-regulations.
65. “Zucchini Rebuttal,” YouTube, June 26, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rqxxg3sFt24.
66. Marty Branagan, “The Last Laugh: Humor in Community Activism,” Community Development Journal 42, no. 4 (2007): 470–81.
67. Trisha Thanani, “SF Supervisors Reject Housing Complex That Would Cast Shadow on SoMA Park” San Francisco Chronicle, April 9, 2019, https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/SF-supervisors-reject-housing-project-that-would-13755026.php#photo-17201635.
68. Ellie Anzilotti, “Welcome to Housing Twitter, the Shoutiest Debate on the Internet,” Fast Company, August 29, 2019, https://www.fastcompany.com/90384931/welcome-to-housing-twitter-the-shoutiest-debate-on-the-internet.
69. Åsa Wettergren, “Fun and Laughter: Culture Jamming and the Emotional Regime of Late Capitalism,” Social Movement Studies 8, no. 1 (2009): 1–15.
70. Richard Schragger, City Power: Urban Governance in a Global Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
71. “CASA Compact,” Committee to House the Bay Area, January 2019, https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/CASA_Compact.pdf.
72. Mary Jo Bowling, “Housing Activists Say Sue the Suburbs, Starting with Lafayette,” Curbed San Francisco, September 4, 2015, https://sf.curbed.com/2015/9/4/9923852/housing-activists-say-sue-the-suburbs-starting-with-lafayette.
73. Jared Brey, “The YIMBY Group That Is Suing Small Cities,” Next City, August 15, 2019, https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-yimby-group-that-is-suing-small-cities.
74. Nancy Raquel Mirabal, “Geographies of Displacement: Latina/os, Oral History, and The Politics of Gentrification in San Francisco’s Mission District,” Public Historian 31, no. 2 (2009): 7–31; S. Easton, L. Lees, P. Hubbard, and N. Tate, “Measuring and Mapping Displacement: The Problem of Quantification in the Battle against Gentrification,” Urban Studies 57, no. 2 (2020): 286–306.
75. Reddit comment, R/YIMBY, 2020, https://www.reddit.com/r/LandlordLove/comments/il6rwm/yimby_is_an_astroturfed_movement_in_support_of/.
76. Conor Dougherty, Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America (New York: Penguin, 2020).
77. Loretta Lees, “Gentrification and Social Mixing: Towards an Inclusive Urban Renaissance?” Urban Studies 45, no. 12 (2008): 2449–70.
78. Joe Rivano Barros, “Artist vs. Artist: Recent Tenants Fight Eviction from Inner Mission,” Mission Local, July 23, 2015, https://missionlocal.org/2015/07/artists-vs-artists-deal-between-inner-mission-and-developer-jeopardized-by-recent-tenants/.
79. Sarah Tan, “S.F. Planning Panel Approves ‘Beast on Bryant’ Development,” KQED, June 3, 2016, https://www.kqed.org/news/10976875/s-f-planning-department-approves-beast-on-bryant-development.
80. John Elberling, “What We Won—and Lost—with the Beast on Byrant,” 48 Hills, June 5, 2016, https://48hills.org/2016/06/won-lost-beast-bryant/.
81. Joe Eskenazi, “Developer’s ‘I Am Not a Monster’ Ad Blitz Makes Few Friends,” Mission Local, September 18, 2017, https://missionlocal.org/2017/09/developers-i-am-not-a-monster-ad-blitz-makes-few-friends/.
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid.
84. Laura Waxmann, “Tensions over Mission District Gentrification Flare at Hearing on 16^th Street Project,” San Francisco Examiner, February 8, 2019, https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/tensions-over-mission-district-gentrification-flare-at-hearing-on-16th-street-project/.
85. Tim Redmond, “Chilly Reception for the New Monster in the Mission Plan,” 48 Hills, February 8, 2019, https://48hills.org/2019/02/chilly-reception-for-the-new-monster-in-the-mission-plan/.
86. Brock Keeling, “The ‘Monster in the Mission’ Is Officially Dead,” Curbed San Francisco, February 24, 2020, https://sf.curbed.com/2020/2/24/21151617/monster-in-the-mission-deal-update-dead-sf.
87. Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). This provides an alternative account of how some new social movements are evolving to move directly into electoral politics but also shows how these movements, like YIMBYs, are often not of the purely grassroots variety and frequently have wealthy institutional underwriters.
88. McCormick, “Rise of the Yimbys.”
89. “Beverly Hills Getting First New Apartments in 21 Years,” USC Lusk Centre for Real Estate, Los Angeles, March 17, 2003, https://lusk.usc.edu/news/beverly-hills-getting-first-new-apartments-21-years.
90. Erin Baldassari, “Sen. Wiener Wants to Abolish Single-Family-Only Neighborhoods in California,” KQED, March 9, 2020, https://www.kqed.org/news/11805850/sen-wiener-wants-to-abolish-single-family-only-neighborhoods-in-california.
91. Henry Grabar, “Why Was California’s Radical Housing Bill So Unpopular?” Slate, April 20, 2018, https://slate.com/business/2018/04/why-sb-827-californias-radical-affordable-housing-bill-was-so-unpopular.html.
92. Benjamin Ross, “A Tangle for the Anti-Development Left,” Dissent, March 14, 2018, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/california-sb-827-yimby-housing-transit-gentrification.
93. Dan Brekke, “It’s SB 827, the Sequel: Weiner Introduces Revamped Bill to Spur Housing Near Transit,” KQED, December 4, 2018, https://www.kqed.org/news/11709817/its-sb-827-take-2-wiener-introduces-revamped-bill-to-require-more-housing-near-transit.
94. Patrick Range McDonald, “Selling Out California: Scott Wiener’s Money Ties to Big Real Estate,” Housing Is a Human Right, March 29, 2019, https://www.housinghumanright.org/selling-out-california-scott-wiener-money-ties-to-big-real-estate/.
95. Ibid.
96. Jenna Chandler, “California Transit Density Proposal SB 50 on Pause until 2020” Curbed Los Angeles, May 16, 2019, https://la.curbed.com/2019/5/16/18628217/senate-bill-50-status-postponed.
97. Alissa Walker, “The Real Reason California’s Upzoning Bill Failed,” Curbed, February 7, 2020, https://www.curbed.com/2020/2/7/21125100/sb-50-california-bill-fail.

`Chapter 2: Millennial YIMBYs and Boomer NIMBYs`

1. Ben Sasse, The Vanishing American Adult: Our Coming-of-Age Crisis—and How to Rebuild a Culture of Self-Reliance. (New York: Macmillan, 2017).
2. Malcolm Harris, Kids These Days: Human Capital and the Making of Millennials (New York: Little, Brown, 2017).
3. Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn and Rubia R. Valente, “No Urban Malaise for Millennials,” Regional Studies 53, no. 2 (2019): 195–205.
4. Jung Choi, Jun Zhu, Laurie Goodman, Bhargavi Ganesh, and Sarah Strochak, “Millennial Homeownership: Why Is It So Low and How Can We Increase It?” Research report, Urban Institute, 2018, accessed January 2019, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/98729/millennial_homeownership_0.pdf.
5. Karen Zraick, “San Francisco Is So Expensive, You Can Make Six Figures and Still Be ‘Low Income,’ ” New York Times, July 30, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/30/us/bay-area-housing-market.html.
6. Anya Kamenetz, Generation Debt: How Our Future Was Sold Out for Student Loans, Bad Jobs, No Benefits, and Tax Cuts for Rich Geezers—And How to Fight Back (New York: Riverhead, 2006).
7. Veikko Eranti, “Re-visiting NIMBY: From Conflicting Interests to Conflicting Valuations,” Sociological Review 65 (2017): 285–301.
8. Richard Schragger, City Power: Urban Governance in a Global Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
9. Peter Ganong and Daniel Shoag, “Why Has Regional Income Convergence in the U.S. Declined?” Journal of Urban Economics 102 (2017): 76–90.
10. Enrico Moretti, The New Geography of Jobs (New York: Mariner Books, 2013).
11. Richard Florida, The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class—and What We Can Do about It (New York: Basic Books, 2017).
12. Dan Woodman and Johannah Wyn, “Class, Gender and Generation Matter: Using the Concept of Social Generation to Study Inequality and Social Change,” Journal of Youth Studies 18 (2015): 1402–10.
13. Joan Williams, White Working Class: Overcoming Class Cluelessness in America. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2017).
14. Greg Martin, Understanding Social Movements (New York: Routledge, 2015).
15. Robert Fishman, Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia (New York: Basic Books, 1987).
16. Dolores Hayden, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth 1820–2000 (New York: Vintage, 2004).
17. Thomas Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014).
18. William Julius Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy (1987; repr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
19. David I. Kertzer. “Generation as a Sociological Problem,” Annual Review of Sociology 9 (1983): 125–49.
20. Joshua Bloom and Waldo Martin, Black against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party, George Gund Foundation Imprint in African American Studies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016).
21. Setha Low, Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America (New York: Routledge, 2004).
22. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit.
23. Robert Fogelson. Bourgeois Nightmares: Suburbia, 1870–1930 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).
24. Richard Rothstein. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How our Government Segregated America (New York: Liveright, 2017).
25. Low, Behind the Gates.
26. Sugrue, Origins of the Urban Crisis.
27. US Census Bureau Quick Facts, 2019, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/westporttownfairfieldcountyconnecticut,fairfieldcountyconnecticut,bridgeportcityconnecticut/PST045219.
28. Brian McCabe, No Place Like Home: Wealth, Community, and the Politics of Homeownership (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
29. Low, Behind the Gates.
30. Eranti, “Re-visiting NIMBY.”
31. McCabe, No Place Like Home.
32. Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage, 1992).
33. Steven Conn, Americans against the City: Anti-urbanism in the Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
34. Sharon Zukin, Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
35. Saskia Sassen, Cities in a World Economy (New York: Sage, 1994).
36. Zukin, Naked City.
37. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage, 1991).
38. Florida, New Urban Crisis.
39. Meagan M. Ehlenz, Deirdre Pfeiffer, and Genevieve Pearthree, “Downtown Revitalization in the Era of Millennials: How Developer Perceptions of Millennial Market Demands Are Shaping Urban Landscapes,” Urban Geography 41, no. 1 (2020): 79–102.
40. Markus Moos, “From Gentrification to Youthification? The Increasing Importance of Young Age in Delineating High-Density Living,” Urban Studies 53, no. 14 (2016): 2903–20.
41. Choi et al., “Millennial Homeownership.”
42. Richard Fry, “Gen X Rebounds as the Only Generation to Recover the Wealth Lost after the Housing Crash,” Pew Research Center, 2018, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/23/gen-x-rebounds-as-the-only-generation-to-recover-the-wealth-lost-after-the-housing-crash/.
43. Reid Cramer, “Framing the Millennial Wealth Gap: Demographic Realities and Divergent Trajectories,” New America Report, 2016, https://www.newamerica.org/millennials/reports/emerging-millennial-wealth-gap/framing-the-millennial-wealth-gap-demographic-realities-and-divergent-trajectories/.
44. David Owen, Green Metropolis: What the City Can Teach the Country about True Sustainability (New York: Riverhead Books, 2010).
45. Nick Gallent, “Re-connecting ‘People and Planning’: Parish Plans and the English Localism Agenda,” Town Planning Review 84, no. 3 (2013): 371–96.
46. Martin, Understanding Social Movements.
47. Ibid.
48. Katherine VanHoose and Federico Savini, “The Social Capital of Urban Activism: Practices in London and Amsterdam,” City 21, no. 3–4 (2017): 293–311.
49. Harris, Kids These Days.
50. Alan France and Steven Roberts, “The Problem of Social Generations: A Critique of the New Emerging Orthodoxy in Youth Studies, Journal of Youth Studies 18 (2015): 215–30.
51. Stephen Halebsky, “Explaining the Outcomes of Anti-superstore Movements: A Comparative Analysis of Six Communities,” Mobilization 11, no. 4 (2006): 443–60.
52. Eric Klinenberg, Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life (New York: Crown, 2018).
53. Elijah Anderson The Cosmopolitan Canopy: Race and Civility in Everyday Life (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011).
54. Martin, Understanding Social Movements.
55. Logan and Molotch, Urban Fortunes.
56. Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged.
57. McCabe, No Place Like Home.
58. France and Roberts, “The Problem of Social Generations.”
59. Conn, Americans against the City.
60. Daniel Aldana Cohen, “A Green New Deal for Housing,” Jacobin, February 8, 2019, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/02/green-new-deal-housing-ocasio-cortez-climate.
61. Martin, Understanding Social Movements.
62. Williams, White Working Class.
63. Japonica Brown-Saracino, A Neighborhood That Never Changes: Gentrification, Social Preservation, and the Search for Authenticity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010).
64. Fry, “Gen X Rebounds.”
65. Imogen Tyler, “Classificatory Struggles: Class, Culture, and Inequality in Neoliberal Times,” Sociological Review 63, no. 2 (2015): 493–511.
66. Sasse, Vanishing American Adult.
67. Harris, Kids These Days.
68. France and Roberts, “The Problem of Social Generations.”
69. For a similar discussion around flood mapping and the fairness of transitioning away from coastal areas for older homeowners, see Rebecca Elliott, Underwater: Loss, Flood Insurance, and the Moral Economy of Climate Change in the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 2021).
70. Richard Sennett and Jonathan Cobb, The Hidden Injuries of Class (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972).
71. Brown-Saracino, A Neighborhood That Never Changes.

`Chapter 3: Between a Rock and a Greenbelt`

1. “Bikes in Boulder,” City of Boulder, Colorado, accessed June 2020, https://bouldercolorado.gov/goboulder/bike.
2. Michael Roberts, “Only in Boulder: Almost a Decade of Pet Guardianship,” Westword, March 30, 2009, https://www.westword.com/news/only-in-boulder-almost-a-decade-of-pet-guardianship-5906222.
3. Zillow data, https://www.zillow.com/boulder-co/home-values/.
4. Marc Perry, “Population Growth in the 1990s: Patterns within the United States,” Population Research and Policy Review 21, no. 1/2 (April 2002): 55–71.
5. City of Boulder, Open Space and Mountain Parks, Department Information, https://bouldercolorado.gov/osmp/department-information-and-osmp-history.
6. John Grindrod, Outskirts: Living Life on the Edge of the Green Belt (London: Sceptre, 2017).
7. Housing Colorado, “Paycheck to Paycheck: Colorado Report—May 2019,” https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.housingcolorado.org/resource/resmgr/paycheck_to_paycheck_report/Paycheck_to_Paycheck_May_201.pdf.
8. This language is not entirely new, but YIMBYs have mobilized it for the millennial generation. Density has always been a prime concern in urban planning. See Colin McFarlane, “De/re-densification,” City 24, no. 1–2 (2020): 314–24.
9. David Owen, Green Metropolis: What the City Can Teach the Country about True Sustainability (New York: Riverhead, 2009).
10. Dorceta Taylor, The Rise of the American Conservation Movement: Power, Privilege, and Environmental Protection (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016).
11. Peter Dauvergne, Environmentalism of the Rich (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016).
12. Richard C. Schragger, City Power: Urban Governance in a Global Age (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
13. Grindrod, Outskirts, 147.
14. Stanley Buder, Visionaries and Planners: The Garden City Movement and the Modern Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990).
15. Peter Hall and Colin Ward, Sociable Cities: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard (New York: Wiley, 1999).
16. Buder, Visionaries and Planners.
17. Steven Conn, Americans against the City: Anti-urbanism in the Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
18. Joseph L. Arnold, The New Deal in the Suburbs: A History of the Greenbelt Town Program, 1935–1954 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971).
19. Phoebe Cutler, The Public Landscape of the New Deal (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985).
20. Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987).
21. Mike Davis, Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster (New York: Vintage, 1999).
22. Grindrod, Outskirts.
23. Franklin R. Moore, “Proprietary Patterns,” South Boulder Creek: A Feasibility Study (1968), pamphlet in Carnegie Local History Library, Boulder, CO.
24. Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington DC: Island Press, 2005).
25. City of Boulder, Lessons from the Greenbelt Program (1971), pamphlet in Carnegie Local History Library, Boulder, CO.
26. “The Greenbelt: How Much Is Enough?” Daily Camera, May 14, 1987.
27. Andrew Needham, Power Lines: Phoenix and the Making of the Modern Southwest (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014).
28. Conn, Americans against the City.
29. The site dates back to 1898 and features a public performance venue. It is part of the Chautauqua movement, a community cultural enrichment program that spread across the United States in the late nineteenth century.
30. Bob McKelvey, 2002, Oral History Project, Carnegie Local History Library, Boulder, CO.
31. Taylor, Rise of the American Conservation Movement.
32. Robyn Eckersley, The Green State: Rethinking Democracy and Sovereignty (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004).
33. Ruth M. Wright, 1978, Oral History Project, Carnegie Local History Library, Boulder, CO.
34. “Greenbelt Conference Planned,” Town and County Shopper, June 22, 1967.
35. Boulder, Lessons from the Greenbelt Program.
36. “Greenbelts Committee Endorses Charter Change,” Daily Camera, September 23, 1969, 10.
37. “Greenbelt Offer Rejected by Lack of Council Action,” Daily Camera, October 16, 1968.
38. “Open Space Concept Wins Council Support,” Daily Camera, November 22, 1968.
39. “Greenbelt Offer Rejected by Lack of Council Action,” Daily Camera, October 16, 1968.
40. Feasibility study (1968), Greenbelt File Archive, Carnegie Local History Library, Boulder, CO.
41. “Greenbelt Program in Grave Trouble,” Daily Camera, May 2, 1974.
42. Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring.
43. Alison Bashford, Global Population: History, Geopolitics, and Life on Earth (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014).
44. The major exception to this are several housing towers built by the University of Colorado, which utilized its status as a state institution to override local planning laws in a unilateral decision that angered local residents.
45. Clay Evans, “25 Years Later, Boulder Is at a Turning Point,” Daily Camera, January 28, 1996, 1.
46. “The Greenbelt: How Much Is Enough?” Daily Camera, May 14, 1987.
47. Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring.
48. Mary Riddel, “Housing Market Dynamics under Stochastic Growth: An Application to the Housing Market in Boulder, Colorado,” Journal of Regional Science 40, no. 4 (2000): 771–88.
49. Katharine J. Jackson, “The Need for Regional Management of Growth: Boulder, Colorado, as a Case Study,” Urban Lawyer 37 no. 2 (2005): 299–322.
50. See Max Besbris, Upsold: Real Estate Agents, Prices, and Neighborhood Inequality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020).
51. “Renter Cost Burdens, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas,” Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, 2016, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/ARH_2017_cost_burdens_by_metro.
52. Paul Danish, “Boulder’s Insane Densification,” Boulder Weekly, April 16, 2015, https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/danish-plan/boulderrsquos-insane-densification/.
53. While bus transit exists to connect suburbs with Boulder, it is not well used, and the Regional Transportation District (Boulder-Denver Bus and Rail System) has experienced problems maintaining ridership, opening new rail lines, and keeping competitive pricing (Boulder has some of the highest public transit costs in the United States). Angela Evans, “RTD Says Frequent Riders Should Pay the Highest Prices,” Boulder Weekly, April 25, 2019, https://www.boulderweekly.com/news/rtd-says-frequent-riders-should-pay-the-highest-prices/.
54. “Boulder’s Growth: A Succinct History,” Livable Boulder, accessed June 2020, http://livableboulder.org/boulders-secret-limited-growth/boulders-growth-a-succinct-history/.
55. Kriston Capps, “14 Incredible Objections to a Single Boulder Housing Development,” Bloomberg CityLab, January 7, 2016, https://www.citylab.com/equity/2016/01/14-incredible-objections-to-a-single-boulder-housing-development/422724/.
56. Eric Budd, “Boulder Could Enshrine Class and Race Exclusion into Its City Charter,” Articulate Discontent, October 19, 2015, https://ericmbudd.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/boulder-could-enshrine-class-and-race-exclusion-into-its-city-charter/.
57. “Latinos in the 2016 Election: Colorado,” Pew Research Center, 2016, https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/fact-sheet/latinos-in-the-2016-election-colorado/.
58. Chelsea Castellano and Eric Budd, “Boulder Can Choose Compassion over Exclusion,” Boulder Weekly, November 24, 2021, https://www.boulderweekly.com/opinion/boulder-can-choose-compassion-over-exclusion/.

`Chapter 4: Exclusionary Weirdness`

1. Mary Patillo, Black on the Block: The Politics of Race and Class in the City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007); Japonica Brown-Saracino, A Neighborhood That Never Changes: Gentrification, Social Preservation, and the Search for Authenticity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009).
2. Sharon Zukin, Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009).
3. James Howard Kunstler, The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America’s Man Made Landscape (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994).
4. Ferdinand Tönnies, Tönnies: Community and Civil Society (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012); Max Weber, Economy and Society, vol. 2 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978).
5. Eric Klinenberg, Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002); Rebecca Solnit, A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster (New York: Penguin, 2009).
6. Sylvie Tissot, Good Neighbors: Gentrifying Diversity in Boston’s South End (New York: Verso, 2015).
7. Patrick Sharkey, Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress toward Racial Equality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 60.
8. Benjamin Ross, Dead End: Suburban Sprawl and the Rebirth of American Urbanism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 30.
9. Rachel Feit, “The Ghost of Developers Past,” Austin Chronicle, May 25, 2012, https://www.austinchronicle.com/food/2012-05-25/the-ghost-of-developers-past/.
10. Will Anderson, “Austin’s Population Keeps Popping; Here’s How Many People Are Added Each Day,” Austin Business Journal, March 22, 2018, https://www.bizjournals.com/austin/news/2018/03/22/austins-population-keeps-popping-heres-how-many.html.
11. “Imagine Austin,” City of Austin, TX, accessed June 2020, http://www.austintexas.gov/department/imagine-austin.
12. Matt Largey, “A Word about Your Responses to Our CodeNEXT Language Story,” KUT 90.5 Radio, December 14, 2017, https://www.kut.org/post/word-about-your-responses-our-codenext-language-story.
13. Aubrey Byron, “CodeNEXT or None, Austin Has an Identity Crisis,” Strong Towns, September 17, 2018, https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/9/17/codenext-or-none-the-code-in-austin-is-undeniably-broken.
14. Syeda Hasan, “Austin City Council Votes Unanimously to Scrap CodeNEXT,” KUT 90.5 Radio, August 9, 2018, https://www.kut.org/post/austin-city-council-votes-unanimously-scrap-codenext.
15. Heather Way, Elizabeth Mueller, and Jake Wegmann, “Uprooted: Residential Displacement in Austin’s Gentrifying Neighborhoods and What Can Be Done about It?” report, University of Texas at Austin Center for Sustainable Development, 2018.
16. Joshua Long, Weird City: Sense of Place and Creative Resistance in Austin (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010).
17. Richard Lloyd, Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial City (New York: Routledge, 2010).
18. Zukin, Naked City, 3.
19. Corrie Maclaggan, “Austin’s Black Population Leaving City, Report Says,” New York Times, July 17, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/18/us/austins-black-population-leaving-city-report-says.html.
20. Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Hachette, 2019).
21. Long, Weird City.
22. “The Economic Impact of the Creative Sector in Austin,” Record Industry Association of America, 2020, https://www.riaa.com/reports/the-economic-impact-of-the-creative-sector-in-austin/.
23. William Scott Swearingen, Environmental City: People, Place, Politics, and the Meaning of Modern Austin (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010).
24. Jed Kolko, “Seattle Climbs but Austin Sprawls: The Myth of the Return to Cities,” New York Times, May 22, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/upshot/seattle-climbs-but-austin-sprawls-the-myth-of-the-return-to-cities.html.
25. Florida, Creative Class.
26. Long, Weird City.
27. F. Steiner, “Envision Central Texas,” in Emergent Urbanism: Evolution in Urban Form, Texas, ed. S. Black, F. Steiner, M. Ballas, and J. Gipson (Austin: University of Texas, School of Architecture, 2008); Reid Ewing and Shima Hamidi, “Measuring Sprawl 2014,” Smart Growth America, April 2014, https://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/app/legacy/documents/measuring-sprawl-2014.pdf.
28. Way, Mueller, and Wegmann, “Uprooted,” 88.
29. Elizabeth Findell, “Latest Debate about Merits, Demerits of CodeNEXT Hits Usual Points,” Austin American Statesman, May 30, 2018, https://www.statesman.com/news/20180530/latest-debate-about-merits-demerits-of-codenext-hits-usual-points.
30. David Harvey, Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution (New York: Verso, 2012).
31. “Imagine Austin Population and Jobs Forecast,” City of Austin, TX, accessed June 2020, https://data.austintexas.gov/stories/s/Imagine-Austin-Population-and-Jobs-Forecast/j5a7-yk8d/.
32. Eric Tang, “Those Who Left,” UT Report, https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/iupra/_files/pdf/those-who-left-austin.pdf.
33. Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (New York: Routledge, 1996).
34. Andrew Busch, “Building ‘A City of Upper-Middle-Class Citizens’: Labor Markets, Segregation, and Growth in Austin, Texas, 1950–1973,” Journal of Urban History 39, no. 5 (September 2013): 975–96.
35. Mike Clark-Madison, “What’s Wrong with Public Housing?” Austin Chronicle, August 21, 2001, https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2001-08-31/82842/.
36. Eliot M. Tretter, “Contesting Sustainability: ‘SMART Growth’ and the Redevelopment of Austin’s Eastside,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37, no. 1: 297–310.
37. Cecilia Ballí, “What Nobody Says about Austin,” Texas Monthly, February 2013, https://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/what-nobody-says-about-austin/.
38. Javier Auyero (ed.), Invisible in Austin: Life and Labor in an American City (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015).
39. Ross, Dead End, 95.
40. Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019).
41. Auyero, Invisible in Austin.
42. Ken Herman, “What’s Next for Rosewood Courts,” Statesman, April 13, 2018, https://www.statesman.com/news/20180413/herman-whats-next-for-rosewood-courts.
43. Tang, “Those Who Left.”
44. Nick Barbaro, “Public Notice: Planning for Better Plans,” Austin Chronicle, November 18, 2016, https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2016-11-18/public-notice-planning-for-better-plans/.
45. Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Random House, 2011).
46. Michael King, “Ambiguous Oracle: Company’s New Austin Campus Displaces Longtime Residents,” Austin Chronicle, December 29, 2015, https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/news/2015-12-29/ambiguous-oracle-companys-new-austin-campus-displaces-longtime-residents/.
47. Peter Tatian, G. Kingsley, Joseph Parilla, and Rolf Pendal, “Building Successful Neighborhoods,” What Works Collaborative, April 2012, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/25346/412557-Building-Successful-Neighborhoods.PDF.
48. Way, Mueller, and Wegmann, “Uprooted,” 57.
49. Derek Hyra, “The Back-to-the-City Movement: Neighbourhood Redevelopment and Processes of Political and Cultural Displacement,” Urban Studies 52, no. 10 (August 2015): 1753–73.
50. Ross, Dead End.
51. Kate McGee, “One Mile and One Week Apart, Two Brothers Meet Similar Fates Walking in Austin” KUT 90.5 Radio, May 10, 2016, https://www.kut.org/post/one-mile-and-one-week-apart-two-brothers-meet-similar-fates-walking-austin.
52. “Why Austin’s ‘Rail Fail’ in 2000 Still Resonates Today,” KUT 90.5 Radio, October 1, 2014, https://www.kut.org/transportation/2014-10-01/why-austins-rail-fail-in-2000-still-resonates-today.
53. Eric Goff, “Is the Prop1 PAC running a campaign for Republican Rail?” Aura: An Austin for Everyone, October 21, 2014, https://www.aura-atx.org/is_the_prop_1_pac_running_a_campaign_for_republican_rail.
54. Henry Grabar, “The 20-Lane Highway Texas Wants to Force through Austin,” Slate, October 19, 2021, https://slate.com/business/2021/10/austin-texas-interstate-35-expansion-20-lanes.html.
55. Goff, “Is the Prop1 PAC running a campaign.”
56. Aubrey Byron, “CodeNEXT or None,” Strong Towns, September 17, 2018. https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2018/9/17/codenext-or-none-the-code-in-austin-is-undeniably-broken.
57. Aura: An Austin for Everyone (@AURAatx), “In the next 25 years, 650 square miles of currently rural area will be paved over to become suburban and urban,” Twitter, June 18, 2018, https://twitter.com/AURAatx/status/1008706679691673600.
58. Brandon Formby, “Austin Group Aims to Reframe Debates around City’s Growth, Development,” Texas Tribune, April 12, 2017, https://www.texastribune.org/2017/04/12/austin-group-wants-reframe-debates-around-citys-growth-development/.
59. Elizabeth Megan Shannon, “Quantifying the Impacts of Regulatory Delay on Housing Affordability and Quality in Austin, Texas” (master’s thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 2015), https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/32194.
60. Brian McCabe, No Place Like Home: Wealth, Community and the Politics of Homeownership (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
61. Ananya Roy, quoted in an interview with Jay Caspian Kang, “Want to Solve the Housing Crisis? Take Over Hotels,” New York Times, August 19, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/opinion/housing-crisis-hotels.html?smid=url-share.
62. Denise Scott Brown, Robert Venturi, and Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977).

`Chapter 5: YIMBYism Goes Global`

1. Calla Wahlquist, “Melbourne ‘World’s Most Livable City’ for Seventh Year Running,” Guardian, August 16, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/16/melbourne-worlds-most-liveable-city-for-seventh-year-running.
2. Michael Stutchbury, “The Luckiest Country,” World Policy Journal 28, no. 1 (2011): 41–51.
3. Craig Butt and Jamie Brown, “Melbourne House Prices: Million-Dollar Suburbs Mapped,” Domain, August 5, 2017, https://www.domain.com.au/news/melbourne-house-prices-milliondollar-suburbs-mapped-20170805-gxpxwr/.
4. “Homelessness Statistics,” Homelessness Australia, accessed June 2020, https://www.homelessnessaustralia.org.au/about/homelessness-statistics.
5. “The Impact of COVID-19 on Australia’s Residential Property Market,” KPMG Economics, 2021, https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/au/pdf/2021/covid-impact-australia-residential-property-market.pdf.
6. Kate Raynor and Laura Panza, “The Impact of COVID-19 on Victorian Share Households,” University of Melbourne Hallmark Research Initiative for Affordable Housing, 2020, https://research.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/165934/The-impact-of-COVID-19-on-Victorian-share-households.pdf.
7. Roger Keil, Suburban Planet: Making the World Urban from the Outside In (New York: Wiley, 2017).
8. “How Diverse Is My Suburb?” SBS News, accessed June 2020, https://www.sbs.com.au/news/interactive/how-diverse-is-my-suburb.
9. Glen Searle and Crystal Legacy, “Australian Mega Transport Business Cases: Missing Costs and Benefits,” Urban Policy and Research 37, no. 4 (2019): 458–73.
10. Lizabeth Cohen, Saving America’s Cities: Ed Logue and the Struggle to Renew Urban America in the Suburban Age (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019).
11. Setha Low, Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America (New York: Routledge, 2004); and Dolores Hayden, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000 (New York: Pantheon Books, 2003).
12. Thomas Brinkhoff, “City Population, Malmö,” accessed June 2020, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/sweden/skane/1280__malm%C3%B6/; Alasdair Rae, “Europe’s Most Densely Populated Square Kilometres—Mapped,” Guardian, March 22, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/gallery/2018/mar/22/most-densely-populated-square-kilometres-europe-mapped.
13. John Logan and Harvey Molotch, Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).
14. Loïc Wacquant, Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality (London: Polity, 2007).
15. Quoted in Paul Theroux, “The Last Man of Letters,” New York Times Books, May 25, 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/97/05/25/bookend/bookend.html.
16. Douglas Stuart, Shuggie Bain (New York: Grove, 2020).
17. Bristol YIMBY website, via Wayback Machine, https://web.archive.org/web/20190509135600/https://bristolyimby.com/.
18. Samuel Stein, Capital City: Gentrification and the Real Estate State (New York: Verso, 2019).
19. This is more or less in contrast to new ideas of participation from radical planning that calls for reinvigorating democratic practices through planning activities without the rancor that is often displayed in front of planning councils. YIMBY activists, on the other hand, are comfortable with the adversarial nature of planning meetings and attempt to use that atmosphere to their own benefit; Andy Inch, “Ordinary Citizens and the Political Cultures of Planning: In Search of the Subject of a New Democratic Ethos,” Planning Theory 14, no. 4 (2015): 404–24.
20. Peter Hall, “The Containment of Urban England,” Geographical Journal 140, no. 3 (1974), pp. 386–408.
21. Emily Badger and Quoctrung Bui, “Cities Start to Question an American Ideal: A House with a Yard on Every Lot,” New York Times, June 18, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/18/upshot/cities-across-america-question-single-family-zoning.html?searchResultPosition=2.
22. George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (Manchester: Macmillan, 2021).
23. Andrew Gamble, The Free Economy and the Strong State: The Politics of Thatcherism (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1988); Bob Jessop, “New Labour or the Normalization of Neo-liberalism?” British Politics 2, no. 2 (2007): 282–88.
24. Alan Holmans, “Historical Statistics of Housing in Britain,” Cambridge Centre for Housing & Planning Research, November 2005, https://www.cchpr.landecon.cam.ac.uk/Research/Start-Year/2005/Other-Publications/Historical-Statistics-of-Housing-in-Britain.
25. “Housing and Home Ownership in the UK,” Office for National Statistics, January 22, 2015, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/articles/housingandhomeownershipintheuk/2015-01-22.
26. Robert Booth, “Tory MPs Back Plan to Give People a Vote on New Housing in Their Areas,” Guardian, October 25, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/oct/24/tory-mps-back-plan-to-give-people-a-vote-on-new-housing-in-their-areas.
27. “Living Longer: Changes in Housing Tenure over Time,” Office for National Statistics, February 10, 2020, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/ageing/articles/livinglonger/changesinhousingtenureovertime#what-would-be-the-implications-of-an-increase-in-older-people-renting-privately.
28. Although in many areas, including London, the greenbelt continues to protect public land, but growth has gone far beyond it.
29. “Housing Crisis Affects Estimated 8.4 Million in England,” BBC News, September 23, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49787913.
30. Stanley Buder, Visionaries and Planners: The Garden City Movement and the Modern Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990); Marco Amati and Makoto Yokohari, “The Establishment of the London Greenbelt: Reaching Consensus over Purchasing Land,” Journal of Planning History 6, no. 4 (2007): 311–37.
31. Department for Work and Pensions, Households Below Average Income, 1994/95–2017/18 [data collection], 13th ed. (UK Data Service 2019), SN: 5828, http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-5828-11.
32. Saskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013).
33. “House Price Statistics,” UK House Price Index, accessed April 2020, https://landregistry.data.gov.uk/app/ukhpi/browse?from=2019-03-01&location=http%3A%2F%2Flandregistry.data.gov.uk%2Fid%2Fregion%2Fkensington-and-chelsea&to=2020-03-01.
34. “Regional Gross Disposable Household Income: 1997 to 2017,” Office for National Statistics, May 22, 2019, https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/regionalaccounts/grossdisposablehouseholdincome/bulletins/regionalgrossdisposablehouseholdincomegdhi/1997to2017#what-was-the-average-disposable-household-income-in-your-local-area.
35. Philomena Murray and Alex Brianson, “Rethinking Britain’s Role in a Differentiated Europe after Brexit: A Comparative Regionalism Perspective,” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 57 (2019): 1431–42.
36. Stutchbury, “Luckiest Country.”
37. Su-Lin Tan, “Chinese Investment in Real Estate Grows to $32b: FIRB,” Australian Financial Review, May 9, 2017, https://www-afr-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/property/chinese-investment-in-real-estate-grows-to-32bn-firb-20170509-gw0sla.
38. John Budarick, “Media Outlets Are Racialising Melbourne’s ‘African Gang’ Problem,” ABC News, August 2, 2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-01/media-outlets-racialising-african-gang-problem-melbourne/10060834.
39. Ben Graham, “Pauline Hanson Axed from Channel 9 after Towers Rant,” News.com.au, July 6, 2020, https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/morning-shows/drug-addicts-pauline-hanson-blasts-melbourne-tower-residents-for-not-learning-english/news-story/f0e4e53ce6851698382d1f99ed29b171.
40. Besha Rodell, “Melbourne Haggles over the Future of Its Most Popular Market,” New York Times, June 12, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/dining/queen-victoria-market-melbourne-australia.html.
41. Graeme Davison, City Dreamers: The Urban Imagination in Australia (Sydney: New South Books, 2016).
42. Paul Mees and Lucy Groenhart, “Travel to Work in Australian Cities: 1976–2011,” Australian Planner 51, no. 1 (2014): 66–75.
43. Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (New York: Routledge, 1996).
44. Robin Boyd, The Australian Ugliness (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2012), 93.
45. Ibid., 100.
46. Joy Damousi, “Assimilation in Modern Australia,” in Memory and Migration in the Shadow of War: Australia’s Greek Immigrants after World War II and the Greek Civil War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015): 73–74.
47. Davison, City Dreamers.
48. Jana Perković, “Six-Pack Living: Type Street Apartment,” Assemble Papers, accessed June 2020, https://assemblepapers.com.au/2019/07/16/six-pack-living-type-street-apartment/.
49. Frank Bongiorno, The Eighties: The Decade That Transformed Australia (Melbourne: Black Inc. Books, 2017).
50. Ian W. McLean, Why Australia Prospered: The Shifting Sources of Economic Growth (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012).
51. Lindsay Bennett, “Weekend Newspaper ‘Renaissance’: Domain Magazine Hits Record 1.6m Readers” AdNews, August 29, 2017, https://www.adnews.com.au/news/weekend-newspaper-renaissance-domain-magazine-hits-record-1-6m-readers.
52. Sam Levin, “Millionaire Tells Millennials: If You Want a House, Stop Buying Avocado Toast,” Guardian, May 16, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/15/australian-millionaire-millennials-avocado-toast-house.
53. Linda Qiu and Daniel Victor, “Fact-checking a Mogul’s Claims about Avocado Toast, Millennials and Home Buying,” New York Times, May 15, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/15/business/avocado-toast-millennials.html.
54. Simon Johanson, “Chinese Investors Are Pushing into Melbourne and Sydney,” The Age, October 11, 2014, https://www.theage.com.au/business/chinese-investors-are-pushing-into-melbourne-and-sydney-20141010-113q7x.html.
55. Simon Johanson, “Up to Half of Chinese Buyers Leave Apartments Vacant,” The Age, August 22, 2017, https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/up-to-half-of-chinese-buyers-leave-apartments-vacant-20170822-gy1n5p.html. This problem is pronounced in the US as well: see Jake Wegmann, “Residences without Residents: Assessing the Geography of Ghost Dwellings in Big U.S. Cities,” Journal of Urban Affairs 42, no. 8 (2020): 1103–24.
56. Alanna Boyd, Astronaut Families and Parachute Children: The Cycle of Migration of Chinese Business Migrants in Melbourne (unpublished master’s thesis, University of Melbourne, 2005); Val Colic-Peisker and Ling Deng, “Chinese Business Migrants in Australia: Middle-Class Transnationalism and ‘Dual Embeddedness,’ ” Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (June 2019): 234–51; David Ley, Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines (New York: Wiley, 2010).
57. Heidi Han, “Chinese-Australian Real Estate Billboard Defaced with Anti-Asian Posters in Sydney,” SBS Mandarin, February 23, 2017, https://www.sbs.com.au/language/english/chinese-australian-real-estate-billboard-defaced-with-anti-asian-posters-in-sydney.
58. “Pauline Hanson’s 1996 Maiden Speech to Parliament: Full Transcript,” Sydney Morning Herald, September 15, 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/pauline-hansons-1996-maiden-speech-to-parliament-full-transcript-20160915-grgjv3.html.
59. “2016 Census QuickStats—Box Hill (Vic),” Australian Bureau of Statistics, accessed June 2020, https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/SSC20168; https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20312?opendocument.
60. Ceridwen Spark, “Ignored, Discounted, Not Taken Seriously: This Is Life in Melbourne’s West,” Sydney Morning Herald, January 8, 2018, https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/ignored-discounted-not-taken-seriously-this-is-life-in-melbournes-west-20180108-h0exoh.html.
61. Kathy Lord, “Sudanese Gangs a ‘Real Concern’ in Melbourne, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull Says,” ABC News, July 17, 2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-17/sudanese-gangs-real-concern-in-melbourne-malcolm-turnbull-says/10002556.
62. “Trump’s Ambassador to Netherlands Finally Admits ‘No-Go Zone’ Claims,” BBC News, January 12, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-42671283.
63. Calla Wahlquist, “Is Melbourne in the Grip of African Crime Gangs? The Facts behind the Lurid Headlines,” Guardian, January 3, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jan/03/is-melbourne-in-the-grip-of-african-gangs-the-facts-behind-the-lurid-headlines.
64. Luke Henriques-Gomes, “South Sudanese Australians Report Racial Abuse Intensified after ‘African Gangs’ Claims,” Guardian, November 4, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/04/south-sudanese-australians-report-abuse-intensified-after-african-gangs-claims.
65. “Gun-toting Preacher Says Deport Sudanese Gangs,” Sunshine Coast Daily, September 6, 2018, https://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/news/gun-toting-preacher-says-deport-sudanese-gangs/3513789/.
66. Victorian Department of Planning, “Housing Development Data 2005 to 2016—Metropolitan Melbourne,” accessed September 2020, https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/250726/Metro-Melbourne-HDD-2016.pdf.
67. Sharon Zukin, Loft Living: Culture and Capital in Urban Change (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989); Richard Lloyd, Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial City (New York: Routledge, 2010).
68. “2016 Census QuickStats: Footscray,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, accessed June 2020, https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC20929.
69. “Suburb Profile: Footscray,” Domain, accessed June 2020, https://www.domain.com.au/suburb-profile/footscray-vic-3011.
70. “Building More Social Housing in Melbourne’s West,” Office of the Premier of Victoria, accessed June 2020, https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/building-more-social-housing-in-melbournes-west/.
71. Kate Russell, “Two Sides of the Coin—The Launch Housing Project Debate (Pt. 1),” Westsider, May 11, 2017, https://thewestsider.com.au/two-sides-of-the-coin-the-launch-housing-project-debate-part-one/.
72. Sharon Bradley, “ ‘Having to Ask for Somewhere to Live, It’s Difficult Indeed’: Single, Female, Homeless. Australia’s Shameful Crisis,” Sydney Morning Herald, February 8, 2020, https://www.smh.com.au/national/having-to-ask-for-somewhere-to-live-it-s-difficult-indeed-single-female-homeless-australia-s-shameful-crisis-20200127-p53uyg.html.
73. Matthew Palm, Katrina Raynor, and Carolyn Whitzman, “Project 30,000: Producing Social and Affordable Housing on Government Land,” working paper, University of Melbourne School of Design, 2018, https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/2876008/Project-3000-Producing-Social-and-Affordable-Housing-on-Government-Land.pdf.
74. Ramon Oldenburg and Dennis Brissett, “The Third Place,” Qualitative Sociology 5 (1982): 265–84; Paul Hickman, “ ‘Third Places’ and Social Interaction in Deprived Neighbourhoods in Great Britain,” Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 28 (2013): 221–36.
75. “Australia’s Changing Industry Structure,” Australian Jobs Report, Australian Government, accessed June 2020, https://australianjobs.employment.gov.au/jobs-industry/australia%E2%80%99s-changing-industry-structure.
76. Timothy Moore, “Flat White Urbanism,” Conversation, June 2, 2017, https://theconversation.com/flat-white-urbanism-there-must-be-better-ways-to-foster-a-vibrant-street-life-78338.
77. Tony Dalton, “Another Suburban Transition? Responding to Climate Change in the Australian Suburbs,” in Urban Sustainability Transitions: Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions, ed. T. Moore, F. de Haan, R. Horne, and B. Gleeson (Singapore: Springer, 2018).
78. Timothy Neale, Jessica K. Weir, and Tara K. McGee, “Knowing Wildfire Risk: Scientific Interactions with Risk Mitigation Policy and Practice in Victoria, Australia,” Geoforum 72 (2016): 16–25.
79. Jamie Tarabay, “Why These Fires Are Like Nothing We’ve Seen Before,” New York Times, January 21, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/world/australia/fires-size-climate.html.
80. Margaret Cook, A River with a City Problem: A History of Brisbane Floods (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2019).
81. “Regional Population Growth, Australia 2018–2019,” Australian Bureau of Statistics, March 25, 2020, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/PrimaryMainFeatures/3218.0?OpenDocument.
82. Brian Bennion, “Residents Angered after Disputed Unit Development Approved,” Courier Mail, July 6, 2017, https://www.couriermail.com.au/questnews/southeast/residents-angered-after-disputed-unit-development-approved/news-story/66cddce6c4affc032dc1f07d43897f6a.
83. Residential Statistics, Queensland State Government Department of Housing and Public Works, https://statistics.qgso.qld.gov.au/profiles/hpw/housing/pdf/2JW2CBSCT3V330MWW2TG835BEAZ7GQH3H4LCELQR4ATPU7IPV3YPJJOHTVAS1AGB8HFILDN1CM62AO1ADXX096KBZW5GW62CR98GK6R8Q5RT8QR7S7TBH0M8DKYIKQE4/hpw-housing-profiles#view=fit&pagemode=bookmarks.
84. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: Public Affairs, 2013).
85. Richard A. Walker, Pictures of a Gone City: Tech and the Dark Side of Prosperity in the San Francisco Bay Area (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2018).

`Conclusion`

1. Caitlin Oprysko, “In grievance-filled speech, St. Louis couple warn of chaos in the suburbs if Democrats elected,” Politico, August 24, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/24/mccloskey-convention-speech-guns-suburbs-401297.
2. Colin Gordon, Mapping Decline: St. Louis and the Fate of the American City (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009).
3. Joe Holleman, “Spotlight: Cocktails at Archbishop’s House Builds Interest in Family History,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 25, 2017, https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/joe-holleman/spotlight-cocktails-at-archbishops-house-builds-interest-in-family-history/article_48205209-b7f6-5232-b75f-67475d1eab0f.html.
4. Colin McFarlane, “Repopulating Density: COVID-19 and the Politics of Urban Value.” Urban Studies, June 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980211014810.
5. CNN/SSRS Poll, June 12, 2020, accessed September 2020, http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2020/images/06/12/rel7a.-.reactions.pdf.
6. Stonnington City Council East Ward Candidate Statements, Victorian Electoral Commission Mailer, 2020.
7. Shima Hamidi, Sadegh Sabouri, and Reid Ewing, “Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?” Journal of the American Planning Association 86, no. 4 (2020): 495–509.
8. William H. Frey, “Covid-19’s Recent Spread Shifts to Suburban, Whiter, and More Republican-leaning Areas,” Brookings, April 22, 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2020/04/22/as-covid-19-spreads-newly-affected-areas-look-much-different-than-previous-ones/.
9. Jessica Menton, “Get Me Out of Here! Americans Flee Crowded Cities amid COVID-19, Consider Permanent Moves,” USA Today, May 1, 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/05/01/coronavirus-americans-flee-cities-suburbs/3045025001/.
10. Ian Bogost, “Revenge of the Suburbs,” Atlantic, June 19, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/06/pandemic-suburbs-are-best/613300/.
11. Brendan Churchill, “COVID-19 and the Immediate Impact on Young People and Employment in Australia: A Gendered Analysis,” Gender Work Organization 28 (2021): 783–94.
12. This also involved a renewed emphasis on spatial control in a number of locations: see Alison Young, “The Limits of the City: Atmospheres of Lockdown,” British Journal of Criminology 61, no. 4 (2021): 985–1004.
13. Philip Oltermann, “Pop-up Bike Lanes Help with Coronavirus Physical Distancing in Germany,” Guardian, April 13, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/13/pop-up-bike-lanes-help-with-coronavirus-social-distancing-in-germany.
14. David Mark, “Australia Is Facing a ‘Once-in-a-lifetime Opportunity’ as Cycling Booms, Advocates Say,” ABC News, May 17, 2020, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-17/coronavirus-brings-once-in-a-lifetime-opportunity-for-cycling/12247870.
15. Eric Klinenberg, Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life (New York: Penguin, 2018).
16. Michael Manville, Paavo Monkkonen, Michael Lens, and Richard Green, “COVID-19 and Renter Distress: Evidence from Los Angeles” (UCLA, Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies, 2020), https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7sv4n7pr.
17. “The State of the Nation’s Housing 2021,” Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/reports/files/Harvard_JCHS_State_Nations_Housing_2021.pdf, p. 25.
18. Miriam Zuk and Karen Chapple, “Housing Production, Filtering and Displacement: Untangling the Relationships” (Berkeley: University of California, Institute of Governmental Studies, May 2016), https://www.urbandisplacement.org/sites/default/files/images/udp_research_brief_052316.pdf.
19. Richard A. Walker, Pictures of a Gone City: Tech and the Dark Side of Prosperity in the San Francisco Bay Area (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2018).
20. Paul M. Ong, Chhandara Pech, and Megan Potter, “California Neighborhoods and COVID-19 Vulnerabilities” (Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge, October 1, 2020), https://knowledge.luskin.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CA_Covid_Vulnerabilities_UCOP_v03.pdf.
21. Jung-eun Lee, “Insularity or Solidarity? The Impacts of Political Opportunity Structure and Social Movement Sector on Alliance Formation,” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, no. 3: 303–24.
22. Katharine Gammon, “How LA’s Getty Center Built a Fire-proof Fortress for Priceless Art,” Guardian, October 29, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/28/california-wildfires-getty-fire-museum-art.
23. Rebecca Elliott, “ ‘Scarier than Another Storm’: Values at Risk in the Mapping and Insuring of U.S. Floodplains,” British Journal of Sociology 70, no. 3 (2019): 1067–90.
24. Liz Koslov, “The Case for Retreat,” Public Culture 28, no. 2 (2016): 359–87.
25. Abrahm Lustgarten, “How Climate Change Will Reshape America,” New York Times, September 15, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/15/magazine/climate-crisis-migration-america.html.
26. Some, like journalist Matthew Yglesias, have argued that the US would be far better off with more residents. He makes the case in Matthew Yglesias, One Billion Americans: The Case for Thinking Bigger (New York: Penguin, 2020). A more tempered analysis of denser and more populous cities is made in by Billy Flemming et al., “The 2100 Project: An Atlas for the Green New Deal” (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, McHarg Center, 2020), https://mcharg.upenn.edu/2100-project-atlas-green-new-deal.
27. John Stanley and Roz Hansen, “People Love the Idea of 20-minute Neighbourhoods; So Why Isn’t It Top of the Agenda?” Conversation, February 20, 2020, https://theconversation.com/people-love-the-idea-of-20-minute-neighbourhoods-so-why-isnt-it-top-of-the-agenda-131193.
28. Imogen Tyler, Stigma: The Machinery of Inequality (London: Zed Books, 2020).