40-hours strike 74-79
Aberdare, South Wales 15
Aberdeen 49
Agadir Crisis 28
The Aims of Labour (booklet) 58
Aircraft Shop Stewards’ National Council (ASSNC) 170
‘All Power to the General Council’ (slogan) 113
Allenby, General Edmund 72
Allison, George 143
Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) 170
Amalgamated Society of Dyers (USD) 30
Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE) 45, 53; and 40-hours strike 75, 76, 79; and Tweedales strike (1917) 57; condemns unofficial action 56
Amalgamated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) 24, 65, 85; and miners (1920) 95
Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants (ASRS) 13, 24
Appleton, William 59
armed forces 65; and Great Revolt 12-13; deployed in rail strike (1911) 25, 26-27; deployed in police strike 84; deployed in rail strike (1919) 86; drafted to Belfast 151; ex-servicemen 73-74; in 40-hours strike 77; in General Strike 128; in miners’ strike (1910) 16-17; soldiers’ strike (1919) 69-72; see also Invergordon Mutiny and Soldiers’ Union
Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd 54
army see armed forces
Army Service Corps 71
ASLEF 123
Bagwell, Philip (historian) 22, 129
Baldwin, Stanley, PM 114-115, 116
Barbour, Mary 48
Barnsley, Tony (historian) 14
Belfast 49, 75, 78, 151; dock strike (1907) 13
Belfast Protestant Association 78
Bell, Tom 77
Bevin, Ernest 121, 134, 172, 173
Bilston 73
Black Friday 94-98
Bloody Sunday, Liverpool (1911) 22-23
Bolsheviks 68, 71, 90-91, 92, 99
Bower, Fred 22
Brighton 130
British Socialist Party (BSP) 39, 60, 89
British Union of Fascists (BUF) 158-162, 163, 164-165
Bromley, John 128
building trades lockout (1914) 36-37; strike (1915) 46
Building Workers’ Industrial Union (BWIU) 37
bus workers 171; solidarity with miners (1920) 96; strikes (1918) 65-6, (1937) 172-174
Busman’s Punch (rank and file paper) 171, 173
Cable Street, Battle of 163-165
Calhoun, Daniel (historian) 118
Cambrian Combine strike 15, 18-19, 25
Cambrian Combine Strike Committee 18
Campbell, John 109-110
car workers 169
Cardiff 20
Central Bus Committee 172, 173
chainmakers 14-5
Chamberlain, Neville 115
Chelmsford, Lord Frederick John 102
Chesterfield 25
Churchill, Winston 16-7, 23, 87, 116, 121; and rail strike (1919) 25, 27, 29; and British intervention in Russia 90-1, 92; and soldiers’ strike (1919) 71-72; deploys troops in rail strike 86; on trade unionism 94; on use of troops in 40-hours strike 76;
Clark, Mick 164
Clyde Workers’ Committee (CWC) 50-51, 75
Clydeside 48-50, 56, 75; see also Glasgow
Clynes, John 62, 93, 122, 128, 136, 168
Cole, G D H 168
Cole, Margaret 168
Communist International (Comintern) 99, 162, 166, 167
Communist Party 98-100; and Battle of Cable Street 163; and Invergordon Mutiny 143-144; and NUWM 146-147; and Spanish Civil War 166-167; during General Strike 130-1; industrial strategy 111-113, 118, 119, 121; influenced by Russia 162-163; leaders arrested 119-120, 131; organise against facists 160; Popular Front position 170-1, 172; role in Miners’ Lockout 133; under surveillance 109; see also Daily Worker
The Communist (newspaper) 97
company unions 130
The Condition of Britain (book) 168
cotton workers’ strike (1919) 79
Cradley Heath 14-15
Crawford, Helen 48
Crooks, Will, MP 31
Croucher, Richard 153
Cumberland 157
Daily Express (newspaper) 60
Daily Herald (newspaper) 37, 40, 60, 83,103, 117, 137, 140; and ‘Hands off Russia’ campaign 89, 93; and 1920 miners’ strike 95; see also Herald
Daily Mail (newspaper) 60, 121, 146, 160
Daily Worker (newspaper) 143, 155
Datum Line strike (1920) 95
De Groot, Gerard (historian) 45
Defence Corps 127-128
Denikin, General Anton 91
Derby 25
Derby, Lord 57
Derbyshire 80
Dock Labourers’ Union 24
dock workers protest (1920) 92; strikes (1907) 13, (1911) 20-21, (1912) 31-32, (1915) 46, (1924) 105, 107; support Dublin Lockout (1913) 35
Dublin Lockout 33-36
Dundee 49
Edwards, Ness (historian) 81, 82
Electrical Trades Union (ETU) 69
electricians walk out (1919) 75
Emergency Powers Act 95
engineering workers 40-hours strike 75-79; and dilution 44; called out (1926) 128; Clydeside unrest 45-48; strikes (1913) 33, (1916) 51-53, (1917) 55-58
Evans, David (historian) 16
fascism, struggles against 159-167
Fisher, Admiral Sir John 65
Flanagan, Richard 145
Folkestone 69
Gallacher, Willie 45, 51, 76-77, 78, 118
Geehan, Tommy 151
General Railway Workers’ Union (GRWU) 24
General Strike (1926) 122-30
George V, King 23, 33, 41, 42, 44, 59, 65, 67, 68, 75, 79, 102-104
George, Lloyd PM 27-28, and miners’ strike (1919) 80, 81; and British intervention in Russia 90-91, 92-93; and end of rail strike (1911) 29; and fear of revolution 88; and police strike 82, 84; and trade unions 94; and soldiers’ strike (1919) 70; on rail strike (1919) 85, 86; on miners’ strike (1920) 96; on J H Thomas 96; on police strike 64; negotiates with unions 46-47; visits Clydeside 50-51
Gibbs, Philip (journalist) 24
Glasgow 49, 75-78; see also Clydeside
Glasgow Trades Council 76
Gloucester 170
Gluckstein, Donny 112-113, 137
Goole 20
Granet, Sir Guy 25
Grant, Sir Arthur 108-109
Griffiths, Robert 85-86
The Guardian (newspaper) 68, 130
Haig, General Douglas 71
Haldane, Lord 102
Hamilton, Mary Agnes (historian) 29, 168
‘Hands off Russia’ (campaign) 89, 92
Hannington, Wal 46, 137, 141, 146, 147, 149-150; and Hunger March 153, 154, 155
Hargreaves, Leonard 52
Hayes, Jack 84
Henderson, Arthur 31, 56, 61, 86; as Home Secretary 106; defends Special Branch 109; visits Clydeside 50-51; visits Russia 58; warns of revolution 63
Herald (newspaper) 61, 68-69; see also Daily Herald
Hikins, Harold (historian) 24
Hill, John 57
The History of the Ministry of Munitions (book) 42
History of Trade Unionism (book) 168
HMS Norfolk (ship) 143
Hodge, John MP 44
Hodges, Frank 96
Holman, General H C 91
Holton, Bob (historian) 21, 25
Hopkins, Harry 76-7
Horne, Sir Robert 68
Hunger March 152-154
Ilkeston 25
Independent Labour Party (ILP) 39, 51, 60
Industrial Unrest Committee 107
Inkpin, Albert 99
International Brigades 166
Invergordon Mutiny 142-44
Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union (ITGWU) 34
Jolly George (ship) 92
Jones, Tom 96
Joynson-Hicks, William 116-117, 119, 129
Justice (newspaper) 39
Kaplan, Philip 32
Kennedy, Thomas 39
Kilbride HMS (ship) 72
Killing No Murder! (book) 26
Kirkwood, David 47, 50, 73, 76, 77
Kolchak, Admiral Alexander 91
Labour Leader (newspaper) 17
Labour leaders and end of rail strike (1911) 28-29; fail to support miners (1926) 132; oppose intervention in Russia 93-94; accept Munitions Act 47; and defeat of General Strike 135; and Great Revolt 12-13; embrace life in office 102-105; role in pre-WWI unrest 38-39; response to strike wave (1911) 30-31; support war effort 42
Labour Supply and Regulation (book) 48
Labour Withholding Committee 45
Lanarkshire 49
Lansbury, George 68-69, 102, 136, 151, 155
Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder (book) 68
Leicester 30
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich 68
Lindsay, Lionel 15
Liverpool 54, 56, 151; dock strike (1911) 20, 21; police strike 84; unofficial rail strike (1911) 22-24
Liverpool Daily Post (newspaper) 23
Llanelli, South Wales 26, 27, 29
Llwynpia, South Wales 16
London 21, 25, 29, 49, 56, 147, 153, 172; dock strike (1912) 32; tailors’ strike (1912) 32-33; building trade lockout (1914) 36-37; in General Strike 123; police strike 84; soldiers’ strike (1919) 70; transport workers’ strikes (1918) 65-66
Luton 73
MacDonald, Ramsay 28, 35, 38, 61, 156; and negotiated peace 55; at Soviet Convention, Leeds 60; deplores strikes 107; embraces life in office 101-105, 108-109; forms National Government 139; in power 135-136; on Red Friday 115; opposes intervention in Russia 93
Macready, General Sir Nevil 16-17, 82, 88
Manchester 28, 56, 73, 130, 147; dock strike (1911) 20
Mann, Tom 20, 24, 33, 112, 143, 155
Marston, PC James 83
May Committee 138
May, Sir George 138
McShane, Harry 77
Meacham, Standish 31
Meynell, Francis 61
Midlands 33
Millman, Brock (historian) 61
Milner, Lord Alfred 78
miners and Datum Line strike 95; and Red Friday 114-5; defeat (1920) 97; in Great Revolt 15-19; lockouts (1910) 15, (1926) 120, 131-134; strikes (1910) 15-16, (1912) 31, (1915) 46, 48, (1919) 80, (1935)169-170; use of Public Order Act on 165; see also Triple Alliance
Miners’ Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) 19, 46, 80, 81, 82, 95, 120, 128, 131
The Miners’ Next Step (book) 19, 113
The Mineworker (newspaper) 112
Minimum Wage Act (1912) 31
Mold 25
Mond-Turner talks 134
Morgan, Jane (historian) 74
Mosley, Oswald 158-159, 161, 164
Munitions Act (1915) 47-48, 51
munitions workers 47, 50, 53-4, 56, 62-63
Munro, Robert 77
Murphy, Jack 51, 52, 53, 56, 93
National Council for Civil Liberties 156
National Federation of Women Workers (NFWW) 14-15, 29, 53-54
National Government 140-141, 144, 147, 148, 155, 159, 166
National Industrial Conference 79
National Minority Movement (NMM) 111-113
National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUWM) 141, 144-146; 147, 148-9, 157-158; leadership imprisoned 151; leadership removed 155-156; and Hunger March 152-153
National Sailors’ and Firemen’s Union (NSFU) 20
national shop stewards’ movement 62; conferences August (1917) 57, Manchester (1917) 56, London (1917) 56
National Transport Workers’ Federation (NTWF) 20
National Union of Police and Prison Officers (NUPPO) 64, 82-83
National Union of Railwaymen (NUR) 54, 65, 85, 87, 95
navy see armed forces
New Propellor (rank and file paper) 170
Newcastle 54
News of the World (newspaper) 121
Northampton 49
Nottinghamshire 80, 122, 133, 165
O’Grady, James 59
Olympic (ship) 20
Order of the British Empire (OBE) 59
Ordinance Corps 71
Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies (OMS) 117
Out of Work (newspaper) 144
The Painter (ship) 21
Palme Dutt, Rajani 118
Parmoor, Lord 102
Partridge, William 34
Paterson, Frank 143
Pilsudski, Marshal Josef 92
Poland 92
police and ex-servicemen 74; and Great Revolt 12-13; and miners’ strike (1910) 15-18; and rail strike (1911) 22-23, 26; assault on Dublin Lockout (1913) 34; clash with building workers (1914) 36; clash with unemployed 147, 148-151, 152, 153; deployed in strike 108; harrassment of Communist Party 99; in 40-hours strike 76-77; (1919) 83-85; in General Strike 126-127, 132; protection of fascists 161, 162, 163; strike (1917) 64
Pollitt, Harry 89, 94, 99, 112, 119
Postgate, Raymond (historian) 36 power workers’ strike (1924) 107-108
press 37, 68-69; and 1911 rail strike 29; and miners’ strike (1919) 80; and rail strike (1919) 86; support for BUF 159-60; witch-hunt strike leaders 108
Priestly, Frank 143
print workers 122
prison officers 84
Public Order Act (1936) 164-165
Pugh, Arthur 134
Pugh, Martin (historian) 117, 159
Purcell, Alf 118, 127, 128, 133
rail workers in 1919 unrest 85-87; in General Strike 123-125, 129-130; solidarity with police 84; strike (1911) 22-29; support Dublin Lockout (1913) 35; see also Triple Alliance
Railway Clerks’ Association 123, 130
Rank and File Movement (RFM) 171-174
Rawlinson, General Henry 66
The Red Flag (song) 51, 72, 87, 103
Red Friday 113-115
Rent and Mortgage Interest (War Restriction) Act 1915 50
rent strike 48-50
Renton, David 164
Rhondda, South Wales 15
Robson, R W 131
Rochdale 55-56
Rocker, Rudolf 32
Royal Air Force (RAF) 72
Royal Commission (Sankey) 81-82
Russia British intervention in 89-94; influence on CP 162; and Spanish Civil War 166-7
Russian Revolution 57, 58; (1917) 54
Rust, Bill 143
Saklatvala, Shapurji 131
Samuel, Herbert 24
Sankey, Mr Justice 81
Saville, John (historian) 82
scabs 30, 169; dock strike (1919) 21; rail strike (1911) 25, (1919) 86; in Dublin Lockout 35; in General Strike 124-126
Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) 76
seamen 20; see also Invergordon Mutiny
Sexton, James 13
Shepherd, Bill 143
Shipping Federation 20
shop stewards’ movement 43, 51; see also Clyde Workers’ Committee and national shop stewards’ movement
Shortt, Edward 78
Sitwell, Osbert 125
Snowden, Philip 35, 38, 61, 89, 102, 113, 139, 141; at Soviet Convention, Leeds 60; on unrest under Labour government 105; opposes intervention in Russia 93
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 39
Soldiers’ Union 70
solidarity in General Strike 122; in Glasgow rent strike 49; in Great Revolt 12, 14; of French coal miners 132; rail workers with police 84; with dock strike (1911) 21; transport workers for miners (1920) 96; with rail strike (1911) 22; with Dublin workers (1913) 34
South Wales 46, 48, 65, 80, 112, 131, 156, 169-170; in Great Revolt 15-19
South Wales Miners’ Federation (SWMF) 15, 18
South Yorkshire 132
Spackman, PC William 83
Spain 165-167
Spencer Union 133
Spiers, Harold 27
Springhall, Dave 131
Steel-Maitland, Arthur 134
strike numbers 11, 31, 33, 42, 74; (1914) 37; (1917) 63-64
strikebreakers in Great Revolt 12; in miners’ strike (1910) 17-19; see also scabs
Strikes (Exceptional Measures) Bill 80
Stuart, Major Brownlow 26
Sunday Express (newspaper) 121
Sunday Times (newspaper) 121
tailors 32
Thomas, J H 35, 65, 119, 122; and 1920 miners’ strike 96-97; and General Strike 120, 123, 129; and rail workers 85, 87; and unemployment 137; embraces life in office 102-103, 104, 106; opposes intervention in Russia 93; praise for strikebreakers 124-125; sues The Communist 97, 99
Thomson, Basil 74
Thomson, C B 102
Thorne, Will 59
Thorpe, Andrew (historian) 132-133
Thring, Lily 144
Tillet, Ben 31-2, 36, 39, 44-45
Todd, Selina (historian) 13
Tonypandy, South Wales 16
trade union membership 12, 24, 30, 33, 43, 66, 74, 98
trade union leadership accept dilution 46; accept Munitions Act 47; and rail action (1911) 24-25; and miners’ strike (1920) 96; and 40-hours strike 76, 78-79; and building dispute (1914) 37; and Dublin Lockout 34, 35; and Great Revolt 11-12, 13; avoid militancy 43; betray miners 98; comdemn British Empire Exhibition strike 108; discredited 67; forced into General Strike 120, 122; interests of 18, 19; oppose intervention in Russia 93-94; shop floor mistrust of 57; strengthened by government (1917) 56; surrender rail strike (1911) 28; support war effort 42; use of Triple Alliance 38
Trades Disputes Act (1927) 133-134
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 82; and CP attitude to 113; and Red Friday 114-115; control of General Strike 122; oppose cut in dole 138-139; recognize loss of trust in leadership 57-8; Scarborough Conference (1925) 118-119; special Dublin congress 35
Trades Union Congress General Council 121; fear repression 127-128; surrender General Strike 128-129
tram workers 34; strikes (1915) 46, (1918) 65-66; victimised after General Strike 130
Transport and General (TGWU) 171
transport workers 172-174; women’s militancy 54; see also Triple Alliance and individual sectors
Transport Workers’ Federation (TWF) 95
Treasury Agreement 46-47
Trenchard, Sir Hugh 88
Triple Alliance 38, 75, 79, 80-81, 86; and Black Friday 96; and Datum Line strike 95; and miners 1920, 95
tube workers’ strike (1918) 66
Turner, Ben 59
Tweedales and Smalley 55-56
unemployment 136, 137-138; (1908) 14; (1920) 95; struggles against 144-147
Unemployment Act (1934) 156, 158 Unemployment Assistance Board 156
United Pointsmen’s and Signalmen’s Society (UPSS) 24
United States 169
United Turkey Red (UTR) 30
United Vehicle Workers’ solidarity with miners (1920) 96
Unofficial Reform Committee 18
USSR see Russia
Vale of Leven 30
Vickers Ltd 52
victimisation 22; in General Strike 129-130, 134; of seamen 142-143
violence in 40-hours strike 76-77; in Great Revolt 12-3; in miners’ strike (1910) 16-8; in 1911 rail strike 25-7; in unemployed protests 147, 148-151, 152, 153
Watkins, Charlie 22
Webb, Beatrice 38, 63, 132; on British troops in Russia 89-90; on MacDonald in office 104, 106
Weir Group Plc 45
Wembley British Empire Exhibition strike (1924) 108
Wilkinson, W T 143
Wilson, General Sir Henry 70, 87
Wilson, Joseph Havelock 20
women chainmakers 14-5; during WWI 53-54; increase in workforce 43; in General Strike 131-132; munitions workers’ strike (1916) 54; transport workers’ strikes (1918) 65-66; union membership 53; walk out (1911) 29-30
Woolwich rent strike 49
Woolwich Arsenal walkout 38
The Worker (newspaper) 51
Workers’ Socialist Federation (WSF) 89
Workers’ Weekly (newspaper) 109, 118, 133
Wrangel, General Pyotr 92
Zinkin, Peter 170-171
Zinoviev letter 109-110