Chapter 7:
After This Our Exile: The Christian Poet in the Modern World
1. Jacques Maritain, Art and Scholasticism and the Frontiers of Poetry (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974), 135.
2. Flannery O’Connor, The Habit of Being (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1979), 90.
3. T. S. Eliot, Selected Essays, 1909–1932 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1932), 248.
4. Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Glory of the Lord: A Theological Aesthetics, vol. 3, Studies in Theological Style: Lay Styles (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986), 353–399.
5. Austin Warren, Rage for Order (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1948), 57.
6. von Balthasar, The Glory of the Lord, vol. 3, 365.
7. Ibid., 375–81.
8. All references to Hopkins’s poetry are from Poems and Prose (New York: Penguin, 1953).
9. Marion Montgomery, T. S. Eliot: An Essay on the American Magus (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1969), 7.
10. Anne C. Bolgan, “The Philosophy of Bradley and the Mind and Art of T. S. Eliot,” in English Literature and British Philosophy, S. P. Rosenbaum, ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), 265–66.
11. Gerhart Niemeyer, “Reason and Faith: The Fallacious Antithesis,” in Aftersight and Foresight: Selected Essays (Lanham, MD: University Press of America; Bryn Mawr, PA: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1988), 238.
12. For an introduction to Hill, see my “True Sequences of Pain: The Poetry of Geoffrey Hill,” The Hillsdale Review 6 (Fall 1985): 3–10. Reprinted in this volume.
13. Geoffrey Hill, The Lords of Limit: Essays on Literature and Ideas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 3.
14. Geoffrey Hill, Collected Poems (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1985), 177–79.
15. von Balthasar, The Glory of the Lord, vol. 3, 487.
Chapter 9:
Evelyn Waugh: Savage Indignation
1. Martin Stannard, Evelyn Waugh: The Early Years, 1903–1939 (London: J.M. Dent, 1986), 1.
2. Ibid., 2.
3. Christopher Sykes, Evelyn Waugh: A Biography (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1977), 181.
4. Stannard, Evelyn Waugh, 3.
5. Evelyn Waugh, The Essays, Articles, and Reviews of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Donat Gallagher (Boston: Little, Brown, 1983), 161–62.
6. Essays, Articles, and Reviews, 206.
7. Evelyn Waugh, A Handful of Dust (Boston: Little, Brown, 1934), 38.
8. Ibid., 79.
9. Ibid., 287–88.
10. T. S. Eliot, The Complete Poems and Plays, 1909–1950 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1971), 143.
11. Evelyn Waugh, Brideshead Revisited (Boston: Little, Brown, 1945), from a preface that was suppressed in later editions.
12. Waugh, Essays, Articles, and Reviews, 304.
13. Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, 89.
14. Ibid.
15. The author heard Thomas Howard make this statement during a public lecture.
16. Waugh, Brideshead Revisited, 309.
17. Ibid., 133.
Chapter 11:
Geoffrey Hill: True Sequences of Pain
1. This essay, written and published in the early 1980s, covers what is now clearly the first half of Hill’s poetic output. After a difficult period in which he himself largely fell silent, Hill in recent years has shifted into a prolific mode, publishing half a dozen volumes in the last decade.
Chapter 12:
Andrew Lytle: Myth and Memory
1. Andrew Lytle, I’ll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition, 75th Anniversary Edition (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006).
2. Lytle, Bedford Forrest and His Critter Company, reprint edition (Nashville: J. S. Sanders & Co., 2002).
3. Lytle, A Wake for the Living, reprint edition (Nashville: J.S. Sanders & Co., 1992).
4. William C. Havard and Walter Sullivan, eds., A Band of Prophets: The Vanderbilt Agrarians After Fifty Years (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1982), 16.
5. Reprinted as “The Local Universality of Andrew Lytle,” in The Form Discovered: Essays on the Achievement of Andrew Lytle (Jackson, MS: University & College Press of Mississippi, 1973), 79–80.
6. Lytle, “The Image as Guide to Meaning in the Historical Novel,” The Hero with the Private Parts (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966), 7–8.
7. Stephen J. Tonsor, “Myth, History and the Problem of Desacralized Time,” Continuity: A Journal of History 4/5 (Spring/Fall 1982): 26.
8. Lytle, “The Image as Guide,” Hero, 6.
9. Lytle, “The Hero with the Private Parts,” Hero, 42–59.
10. C. Hugh Holman, The Immoderate Past: The Southern Writers and History (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1976); and Thomas Daniel Young, The Past in the Present: A Thematic Study of Modern Southern Fiction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981).
11. Lewis P. Simpson, The Dispossessed Garden: Pastoral and History in Southern Literature (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1975).
12. Quoted by Louis D. Rubin Jr. in “Southern Literature, The Historical Image,” in South: Modern Southern Literature in Its Cultural Setting, ed. Louis D. Rubin Jr. and Robert D. Jacobs (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974), 33.
13. Quoted by Simpson, The Dispossessed Garden, 74.
14. Lytle, “Regeneration for the Man,” Hero, 132.
15. Simpson, “The Southern Republic of Letters and I’ll Take My Stand,” A Band of Prophets, 72–73.
16. Lytle, “The Momentary Man,” The Hillsdale Review 1 (Spring 1979): 10.
17. Lytle, “The Hero with the Private Parts,” Hero, 46.
18. Lytle, “Afterword: A Semi-Centennial,” in Why the South Will Survive, ed. Clyde Wilson (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1981), 229.
19. Lytle, A Wake for the Living, 7.
20. Lytle, The Long Night, reprint edition (Mobile, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1988), 33.
21. Ibid., 70–71.
22. Ibid., 187.
23. See Harold Weatherby’s fine essay, “The Quality of Richness: Observations on Andrew Lytle’s The Long Night,” in The Form Discovered; Essays on the Achievement of Andrew Lytle (The Mississippi Quarterly Series in Southern Literature) (Oxford, MS: University & College Press of Mississippi: 1973), 35–41.
24. See Lytle’s comments on the Battle of Shiloh in A Wake for the Living, 168–71.
25. Lytle, The Long Night, 295–96.
26. Ibid., 278.
27. Ibid., 14.
28. Ibid., 17.
29. Lytle, “Foreword to A Novel, A Novella, and Four Short Stories,” reprinted in Stories: Alchemy and Others (Sewanee, TN: University of the South Press, 1984).
Chapter 17:
Makoto Fujimura: Refiner’s Fire
1. T. S. Eliot, “What Dante Means to Me,” in To Criticize the Critic, and Other Writings (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1988), 134.
Chapter 19:
Gerhart Niemeyer: Discerning the Spirits
1. Gerhart Niemeyer, “Forces that Shape the Twentieth Century,” in Within and Above Ourselves: Essays in Political Analysis (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1996), 187.
2. Niemeyer, “The Autonomous Man,” in Aftersight and Foresight: Selected Essays (Lanham, MD: University Press of America; Bryn Mawr, PA: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1988), 5–6.
3. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 9.
4. In the light of the recent terrorist attacks on the United States, one can’t help but think that Niemeyer would be intensely skeptical about America’s revived spirit of patriotism, since it is not accompanied by any real desire for personal sacrifice and is unlikely to spur a deeper appreciation for the principles at the roots of our political order.
5. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 9.
6. Ibid., 305.
7. Ibid., 316.
8. Ibid., 316.
9. Ibid., 303.
10. Niemeyer, Within, 75–76.
11. Ibid., 338.
12. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 290.
13. To be fair I should mention that in a later essay, “Recovering History and Redeeming the Time,” published in 1986, Niemeyer was less harsh on Dostoevsky, and more open to the idea that he was a major “prophetic poet.”
14. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 289.
15. Ibid., 291–92.
16. Niemeyer, Within, 205.
17. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 296.
18. Ibid., 290.
19. Robert Musil, The Man Without Qualities (New York: Capricorn Books, 1965), 12.
20. Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus (New York: Vintage Books, 1971), 371.
21. Niemeyer, Within, 87. The title of Pärt’s work is Passio. It was published in 1982.
22. Niemeyer, Aftersight, 301, 303.
23. Ibid., 317.
24. Ibid., 318.
25. Ibid., 333.
26. Ibid., 342.
27. Ibid., 343.
Chapter 21:
Marion Montgomery: Being and Metaphor
1. Gerhart Niemeyer, “Why Marion Montgomery Has to Ramble,” Center Journal 4 (Spring 1985): 71–95.
2. Marion Montgomery, The Reflective Journey Toward Order (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1973).
3. Montgomery, Why Hawthorne Was Melancholy (La Salle, IL: Sherwood Sugden & Company, 1984), 12.
4. Etienne Gilson, The Spirit of Thomism (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1966), 64.
5. Montgomery, Hawthorne, 18.
6. Montgomery, Why Poe Drank Liquor, 155.
7. S. T. Coleridge, Biographia Literaria (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1975), 167.
8. Montgomery, Hawthorne, 480.
9. Ibid., 481.
10. Ibid., 34.
11. Ibid., 127.
12. Ibid., 25.
13. Ibid., 49.
14. Ibid., 63, 26.
15. Quoted in F. O. Mathiessen, American Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941), 306–7.
16. R. W. B. Lewis, The American Adam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955), 110–26.
17. Montgomery, Hawthorne, 404, 406.
18. Ibid., 519.
19. Ibid., 522–23.
20. Ibid., 514–15.
21. Ibid., 382.