1. Face reconstruction of the skull found in the mound at Gordion, tentatively identified as Gordios, father of King Midas, and dated to the early eighth century BC. (Manchester Museum, Photo: John Prag)
2. Ivory Sphinx of Phoenician workmanship, eighth century BC. (Louvre Museum, Paris)
3. The Garden Mound at Khorsabad, recalling the Amanus Mountains. Drawing of a bas-relief of the late eighth century BC. (After P. Botta/M. E. Flandin, Monuments de Niniveh, 1849–59)
4. The flight of King Luli of Tyre from the Assyrians in 701 BC. Drawing from a relief fragment from the palace of Sennacherib in Nineveh. (After A. H. Layard, Illustrations of the Monuments of Nineveh, 1849)
5. Silver-gilt Cypro-Phoenician bowl found in Praeneste, Italy, early seventh century BC (Villa Giulia, Rome)
6. Idaean cave on Crete, before the recent excavations, site of rituals and rich dedications in honour of Zeus, who was protected here as a baby from his devouring father, Cronos. (Photo: G. Sakellarakis)
7. Horses decorating the lid of an Attic geometric jar, or pyxis, eighth century BC. (Houston Museum of Fine Arts, Texas; gift of Mrs Annette Finnigan)
8. Attic Geometric cup depicting riders on horseback, eighth century BC. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Hans Cohn Collection)
9. Ostrich-egg decorated with incised ornaments and birds, from Montaldo di Castro, Italy, c. 650 BC. (Villa Giulia, Rome)
10. Bronze cauldron with griffins and sirens on an iron tripod, from a tomb in Salamis, Cyprus, late eighth century BC. (Cyprus Museum, Nicosia)
11. A statue of Herakles—Melkart, found in Idalion, Cyprus, 490–470 BC. (Cyprus Museum, Nicosia)
12. Daedalus the craftsman working on a wing, cornelian ringstone, probably third century BC. (Danicourt Collection, Péronne)
13. The hero Mopsus hunting a wild boar, silver drachma of Aspendos, Pamphylia, c. 400–360 BC. (Private collection, ex Frank Sternberg Auction; Photo: CNG)
14. Perseus rescuing Andromeda from the sea-monster (Ketos), Corinthian amphora, first half of the sixth century BC. (Altes Museum, Berlin, Photo: R. Bishkek)
15. Aphrodite and Adonis attended by Eros. Attic red-figure squat lekythos, c. 410 BC. (Louvre Museum, Photo: J. Jastrow)
16. Storm God from Karatepe, basalt sculpture, c. 700 BC. (Photo: R. Guenay)
17. Bay near modern Koumi, near ancient Cumae on Euboea, looking across towards Scyros. (Photo: S. Fachard)
18. The extinct volcano at Mount Oxylithi, Euboea, on whose slopes the vineyards grew until 1910. (Photo: S. Fachard)
19. The famous Cesnola krater, or mixing-bowl, exported to Kourion on Cyprus, almost certainly a Euboean work, c. 750 BC. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)
20. Pendent semi-circle decoration on a Euboean skyphos, c. 770 BC, and birds in rectangula panels on an Attic skyphos, c. 750 BC, both imported to Cyprus. (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford)
21. Pottery fragment with incised lettering, on the borders of Greek and Near Eastern scripts, from the sanctuary of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria, c. 750 BC. (Photo: Swiss School of Archaeology)
22. Cadmos from Phoenicia giving the alphabet to the Greeks, bronze coin of Tyre, from the reign of the Roman emperor Philip the Arab, 244–249 BC. (Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris)
23. The Nora Stone, with a Phoenician inscription, Sardinia, perhaps c. 800 BC. (Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Cagliari, Sardinia)
24. View of Pithecussae, the modern Ischia (Photo: S. Lucia)
25. The site of Al Mina, excavated by Leonard Woolley, in modern Turkey, being examined by Sir John Boardman, its greatest modern interpreter (Photo: M.-H. Gates).
26. Ivories of Levantine craftsmanship supporting the arms of the throne from Tomb 79 at Salamis, Cyprus, late eighth century BC. (Cyprus Museum, Nicosia)
27. Aerial view of the acropolis and seaside site of Cumae, beside the bay of Naples, Italy. (Photo: I. Romina)
28. View of the Jebel Aqra, or Mount Casios, along the shore by Al Mina, seen from the site of Seleuceia in Pieria. (Photo: R. Lane Fox)
29. Stele showing the Storm God Baal, from Ras–Shamra, formerly Ugarit, c. 13 20–1260 BC. (Louvre Museum, Paris)
30. The Giant, now known as The Colossus, by Goya, before 1812. (Museo del Prado, Madrid)
31. Zeus throwing his lightning at Typhon. Chalcidian hydria by the Typhon Painter, c. 550 BC. (Louvre Museum, Paris, Photo: B. Saint–Pol)
32. Entrance to the Corycian Cave, once the lair of Typhon, with the later Christian church to the Virgin Mary cancelling him out since the fifth century ad. (Photo: M. Finke)
33. Saturn Devours his Child by Goya, c. 1819–23. (Museo del Prado, Madrid)
34. Gigantic tusks of a mammoth, the biggest known in Europe, with Evangelia Tsoukala and her team, their excavators at Milia, near Grevena, Macedon, north Greece. (Artistotle University, Thessalonica, Photo: Prof. E. Tsoukala)
p. 72 A chariot frieze decorating the neck of a Geometric amphora found in a pit in the west sector of the Eretria excavation, c. 740 BC. (Eretria Apotheke)
p. 161 Alphabetic inscription on Nestor’s cup, c. 740 BC, from Ischia. Found in the grave of a young boy in the San Montano cemetery. (Villa Arbusto, Laceo Ameno, Ischia)
p. 172 Lyre-player seal, showing a standing lyre player and beneath the lyre a six-pointed star and a small bird set to the side, c. 730 BC. (Drawing: J. Boardman)