Parts of chapters 2, 8, and 9 previously appeared in Menchaca 1993, “Chicano Indianism: A Historical Account of Racial Repression in the United States,” American Ethnologist 20 (3): 583–603.

Portions of the history of schooling in the Southwest discussed in chapter 6 and on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and citizenship dicussed in chapter 8 appeared in an earlier version as “The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Racialization of the Mexican Population,” in The Elusive Quest for Equality: 150 Years of Chicano/Chicana Education, ed. José F. Moreno (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Educational Review, 1999), pp. 3–29. Copyright 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2001 by the University of Texas Press
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Printed in the United States of America
Third paperback printing, 2005

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Menchaca, Martha.

Recovering history, constructing race : the Indian, black, and white roots of Mexican Americans / by Martha Menchaca.— 1st ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN 0-292-75254-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Mexican Americans—Race identity. 2. Mexican Americans—Ethnic identity. 3. Mexican Americans—History. 4. Racially mixed people—United States—History. 5. United States—Race relations. 6. United States—Ethnic relations. 7. Racism—United States—History. 8. United States—Relations—Mexico. 9. Mexico—Relations—United States. I. Title.

E184.M5 M46 2001
973′.046872—dc21                                                      2001033309