Illustrations

Maps

1. Where Is Aztlán? Map of America by Abraham Ortelius, 1575

2. Mesoamerica

3. Ghana A.D. 1050 and Mali A.D. 1300

4. Arizona

Photographs

1. My Father’s Aunts

2. My Father’s Uncle, Eulalio Robles

3. My Father, Lauro Menchaca Robles

4. A Family Visit to Chicomoztoc, Zacatecas

5. Mission San José

6. Mission San Juan de Capistrano and Aztec Dancers, 1996

7. Mission San Juan de Capistrano and My Sons at the Soldiers’ Quarters, 1996

8. Mission San Juan de Capistrano: Altar

9. Spanish Plaza, Nacogdoches, 1779

10. Reenactment of the Settlement at Presidio Hill, with Beds and Tents Used by the Colonists, 15 June 1996

11. Mission San Diego de Alcalá

12. Mission San Luis Rey

13. Mission San Luis Rey: Remains of the Soldiers’ Sleeping Quarters

14. Mission San Luis Rey: Luiseño Women’s Weaving Room

15. Mission San Luis Rey: The Candle Making Room

16. Mission San Luis Rey: Luiseño Metates and Grinding Stones

17. Mission San Juan Capistrano: Courtyard

18. San Buenaventura Mission

19. Mission Santa Bárbara

20. Mission Santa Bárbara: Courtyard

21. Mission Santa Bárbara: Entry Corridor

22. Mission Santa Bárbara: Main Kitchen

23. Avila Adobe in Olvera Street, Los Angeles, 1818

24. Santa Bárbara Presidio, Founded in 1782

25. Santa Bárbara Presidio: Comandante’s Office

26. Santa Bárbara Presidio: Oven

27. Santa Bárbara Presidio: Chapel

28. Old Town, San Diego

29. Old Town, San Diego: Estudillo House

30. San Diego: Presidio Hill Cannon

31. Lopez Adobe, near Ojai, California, 1830

32. Rancho Camulos Adobe, Piru, California, 1839

33. Rancho Camulos Chapel, Piru, California, 1839

34. Adolphus Sterne House, Nacogdoches, Texas: Meeting Place for Texas Independence Revolutionaries

35. Mission Indians Who Refused to Disperse: General José Pachito and the Captains at a Meeting at Mission San Antonio de Pala, 1885

36. Anglo-American Railroad Workers’ Tent City, near Ventura, California, 1887

37. Businessmen in Santa Paula, California, 1890s

38. Interior of a Hardware Store in Santa Paula, California, 1880s

39. Adolfo Menchaca-Camarillo Estate, Camarillo, California, 1893

40. Ku Klux Klan Burning a Cross in Santa Paula, California, 1924

41. Some of the Last Full-Blooded Chumash Indians, Ventura, California, 1880s

42. Rafael Solares, Dressed in Antap Ritual Clothing, 1878

43. Mission Santa Inés

44. Gonzalez Family Chumash Heirlooms

45. Elena Gonzalez and My Son, Carlos Valencia

46. Martha Gonzalez and Betty Valencia-Cruz

47. Chumash Rock Art Heritage Field Trip, San Marcos Pass

48. Pete Crowheart Zavalla, Los Padres National Forest Guide, San Marcos Pass

49. John Carrillo Viewing His Ancestors’ Art, San Marcos Pass

50. Chumash Rock Art at San Marcos Pass, A.D. 500