CHAPTER 10 (KANJI 181-200)

KANJI 181

林 GROVE

MEANING

Grove.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

No story needed, as it’s easy to see how this character could stand for a small group of trees!

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: RIN (リン)

Common kun reading: hayashi (はやし)

As the common Japanese family name in the second example below shows, this reading becomes voiced when not in the first position.

kun-yomi suggestion: “high ash event”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
林	grove	hayashi はやし
小林さ ん	small + grove	ko·bayashi·san こ·ばやし·さん
林道	grove + road = woodland trail; road	RIN·DŌ リン·ドウ
人工林	person + craft + grove = planted forest	JIN·KŌ·RIN ジン·コウ·リン
公有林	public + have + grove = public woodland	KŌ·YŪ·RIN コウ·ユウ·リン

SAMPLE SENTENCE

あの 国 に は 公有林 が 少ない。

ano kuni ni wa KŌ·YŪ·RIN ga suku·nai.

that country public woodland few

= That country has little public woodland.

KANJI 182

森 FOREST

MEANING

Forest.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

Another wonderfully simple character! You’ve probably guessed that this kanji implies a larger area of trees than that of the preceding entry.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: SHIN (シン)

Common kun reading: mori (もり)

kun-yomi suggestion: “Nemo realized”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
森	forest	mori もり
森林	forest + grove = forests	SHIN·RIN シン·リン
森林学	forest + grove + study = forestry	SHIN·RIN·GAKU シン·リン·ガク

SAMPLE SENTENCE

森 に 入る 時 は 注意 して 下さい。

mori ni hai·ru toki wa CHŪ·I shite kuda·sai.

forest enter time attention do please

= Please be careful when going into the forest.

KANJI 183

雲 CLOUD

MEANING

Cloud.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

Rain and spies are intimately connected with CLOUDS; rain for obvious reasons, and spies because of their need to operate in CLOUDS of secrecy. These are likely cumulonimbus as opposed to cirrus CLOUDS, though, as the latter are too wispy to provide much cover.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: UN (ウン)

Common kun reading: kumo (くも)

The kun-yomi often becomes voiced when not in first position, as here in the second and third compounds.

kun-yomi suggestion: “coo Mozart”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
雲	cloud	kumo くも
雨雲	rain + cloud = rain cloud	ama·gumo あま·ぐも
雪雲	snow + cloud = snow cloud	yuki·gumo ゆき·ぐも
星雲	star + cloud = nebula	SEI·UN セイ·ウン
雲海	cloud + sea = sea of clouds	UN·KAI ウン·カイ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

雨雲 が 村 の 上 に 掛かって います。

ama·gumo ga mura no ue ni ka·katte imasu.

rain clouds village upper are hanging

= Rain clouds are hanging over the village.

KANJI 184

黒 BLACK

MEANING

Black.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

The introduction of gas stoves was problematic for our hamlet; nobody was sure how to cook with them, and a lot of food was burnt beyond recognition. The inevitable result was that BLACK smoke drifted everywhere, covering the landscape and hamlet with soot. Residents began to grumble. “We should go back to the old ways,” some said, “because these gas stoves are nothing but trouble. It was a BLACK day when they arrived here”.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: KOKU (コク)

Common kun reading: kuro (くろ)

With the exception of the third example, the kun-yomi is always voiced in the second position (as it appears in the fourth compound).

kun-yomi suggestion: “coo rosily”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
黒	black (noun)	kuro くろ
黒い	black (adjective)	kuro·i くろ·い
白黒	white + black = black-and-white	shiro·kuro しろ·くろ
赤黒い	red + black = dark red	aka guro·i あか ぐろ·い
黒人	black + person = a black person	KOKU·JIN コク·ジン

SAMPLE SENTENCE

この 黒い 馬 は 美しい です ね。

kono kuro·i uma wa utsuku·shii desu ne.

this black horse beautiful isn’t it

= This black horse is beautiful, isn’t it?

KANJI 185

交 MIX

MEANING

This character conveys a general sense of things mixing in both physical and figurative ways (“associating” with people or “exchanging” words are examples of the latter).

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

My father was a police officer who enjoyed throwing MIXERS. Such occasions would always draw an interesting MIX of ranks: corporals, constables, inspectors…they all attended. My father, however, would not let anyone else MIX the drinks. “The last thing anyone wants,” he said to me, “is a MIX-up with all these guns around.”

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: KŌ (コウ)

Common kun reading: ma (ま)

kun-yomi suggestion: “match”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun readings: maji (まじ); ka (か)

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
交ざる (intr)	to mingle	ma·zaru ま·ざる
交ぜる (tr)	to mix (something)	ma·zeru ま·ぜる
外交	outside + mix = foreign policy	GAI·KŌ ガイ·コウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

あの 国 の 外交 が 分かりません。

ano kuni no GAI·KŌ ga wa·karimasen.

that country foreign policy don’t understand

= (I) don’t understand that country’s foreign policy.

KANJI 186

不 NOT

MEANING

Expressing the idea of “not” or “un-“, this is an important negating prefix in Japanese.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

What is this, you ask? Well, it’s NOT a superhero, it’s NOT a giraffe, and it’s NOT a figure skater. It’s just… NOT like anything, really.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: FU (フ)

Common kun reading: none

Note how this kanji can function as a prefix with complete words, as it does below in the final example [the base compound for this word (親切) was presented in Entry 118].

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: BU (ブ)

Less common kun readings: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
不意	not + mind = unexpectedly	FU·I フ·イ
不安	not + ease = uneasy	FU·AN フ·アン
不明	not + bright = unclear	FU·MEI フ·メイ
不死	not + death = immortal	FU·SHI フ·シ
不親切	not + parent + cut = unkind	FU·SHIN·SETSU フ·シン·セツ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

小林さん の 意図 は 不明 です。

Ko·bayashi·san no I·TO wa FU·MEI desu.

Kobayashi-san aim unclear

= Kobayashi-san’s aim is unclear.

COMPONENT 187

FRUSTRATION

As will be seen in the following entry, this component is written with three strokes.

KANJI 187

後 AFTER

MEANING

After/Later/Behind. These meanings apply to the ideas of both physical location and time.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

A butcher’s lament:

“Am I frustrated? Yeah, I’m frustrated. I just spent an hour chasing AFTER a running chicken with a razor. Why? ’Cause a customer wanted shaved chicken, that’s why! And then AFTER I got it for them, they complained about the taste of the AFTER shave!”

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON readings: KŌ (コウ); GO (ゴ)

Common kun readings: ato (あと); ushi (うし)

This can be a tough character to master, but is not as fearsome as might be expected given its many readings. Look for KŌ in the first position; ato and ushi·ro (this reading is always accompanied by ro) appear far less frequently here, and GO pops up in only a few words. In second position, morever, the reading will invariably be GO.

It is worth having another look at the compounds for “前” in Chapter 7 (Entry 133), to see how the fourth, fifth and sixth examples given there “pair up” with the three below.

kun-yomi suggestions: “at Oklahoma”; “Ooh, she…”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun readings: nochi (のち); oku (おく)

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
後	after	ato あと
後ろ	behind	ushi·ro うし·ろ
後年	after + year = in later years	KŌ·NEN コウ·ネン
後半	after + half = second half	KŌ·HAN コウ·ハン
後者	after + individual = the latter	KŌ·SHA コウ·シャ
午後	noon + after = P.M.; afternoon	GO·GO ゴ·ゴ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

後 で 友人 と 東京 へ 行きます。

ato de YŪ·JIN to TŌ·KYŌ e i·kimasu.

after friend with Tokyo go

= Afterward, I’ll go to Tokyo with a friend.

KANJI 188

最 MOST

MEANING

Most. Note how the first stroke of “ear” has been lengthened.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

So the ear was finally able to take the ironing board on a date, and luckily for him it turned out to be the MOST wonderful, MOST picturesque day. Not to mention the MOST romantic, too, for when the sun grew overly hot, the ear stretched himself out so that the ironing board would be shaded. He really was a MOST chivalrous ear when it came to taking care of a date.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: SAI (サイ)

Common kun reading: none

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun readings: motto (もっと); mo (も)

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
最小	most + small = smallest	SAI·SHŌ サイ·ショウ
最少	most + few = fewest	SAI·SHŌ サイ·ショウ
最高	most + tall = highest; the best	SAI·KŌ サイ·コウ
最古	most + old = oldest	SAI·KO サイ·コ
最新	most + new = newest	SAI·SHIN サイ·シン
最後	most + after = the last	SAI·GO サイ·ゴ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

この 天気 は 最高 です よ。

kono TEN·KI wa SAI·KŌ desu yo.

this weather the best is

= This weather is fantastic!

KANJI 189

太 FAT

MEANING

Fat/Thick. Note the difference between this character and “犬” (Entry 171).

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

This is what happens when a sumo wrestler gets too FAT: try as he might, he can’t even bend down to pick up a jelly bean lying between his feet.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: TAI (タイ)

Common kun reading: futo (ふと)

kun-yomi suggestion: “who told”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: TA (タ)

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
太い	fat; thick	futo·i ふと·い
太る	to grow fat	futo·ru ふと·る
太子	fat + child = crown prince	TAI·SHI タイ·シ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

私 は 冬休み に とても 太った。

watashi wa fuyuyasu·mi ni totemo futo·tta.

I winter vacation really grew fat

= I really put on weight during winter vacation.

KANJI 190

車 CAR

MEANING

Car. As the compounds below indicate, this character can also refer to a wide range of other vehicles. No story required.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: SHA (シャ)

Common kun reading: kuruma (くるま)

kun-yomi suggestion: “coo rheumatism”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
車	car; vehicle	kuruma くるま
電車	electric + car = (electric) train	DEN·SHA デン·シャ
空車	empty + car = (taxi) “for hire”	KŪ·SHA クウ·シャ
車内	car + inside = inside the car	SHA·NAI シャ·ナイ
中古車	middle + old + car = used car	CHŪ·KO·SHA チュウ·コ·シャ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

中村さん は 中古車 を 買いました。

Naka·mura-san wa CHŪ·KO·SHA o ka·imashita.

Nakamura-san used car bought

= Nakamura-san bought a used car.

COMPONENT 191

STROLLER

KANJI 191

受 RECEIVE

MEANING

Receive/Accept. This interesting character encompasses a wide range of meanings having to do with the idea of reception; “taking” an exam, “undergoing” an operation, or “suffering” injuries are several examples.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

The ironing board longed to have a miniature ironing board in the worst way, but still hadn’t RECEIVED the adoption papers. As the wait dragged on, she began to have visions of a UFO descending with a stroller: “We have your ironing board,” a voice would announce, “will you RECEIVE it?”. “I will RECEIVE it, yes” she always answered, “I will”.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: JU (ジュ)

Common kun reading: u (う)

The third and fourth examples below show this to be another kanji sharing the pronunciation characteristics of 買.

kun-yomi suggestion: “oolong tea”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
受ける	to receive; to accept	u·keru う·ける
受け取 る	receive + take = to receive	u·ke to·ru う·け と·る
受取	receive + take = receipt	uke·tori うけ·とり
受取人	receive + take + person = recipient	uke·tori·NIN うけ·とり·ニン
引き受 ける	pull + receive = to undertake	hi·ki u·keru ひ·き う·ける
受注	receive + pour = receipt of an order	JU·CHŪ ジュ·チュウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

田中さん は 新しい 本 を 受け取りました。

Ta·naka-san wa atara·shii HON o u·ke to·rimashita.

Tanaka-san new book received

= Tanaka-san received a new book.

KANJI 192

凶 EVIL

MEANING

Take care: this unpleasant character relates exclusively to evil and misfortune.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

EVIL comes in all forms. Environmentalists, for example, regard banana peels in a garbage can as EVIL, as this is a telltale sign of someone being uninterested in composting.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: KYŌ (キョウ)

Common kun reading: none

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
凶年	evil + year = a bad year	KYŌ·NEN キョウ·ネン
凶行	evil + go = violence	KYŌ·KŌ キョウ·コウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

凶年 だ そう です。

KYŌ·NEN da sō desu. bad year seems

= Apparently it’s a bad year.

KANJI 193

海 SEA

MEANING

Sea.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

Q. Which SEA splashes every shoreline in the Caribbean?

A. a) The SEA of Confusion?

b) The SEA of Tranquility?

c) The Caribbean SEA?

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: KAI (カイ)

Common kun reading: umi (うみ)

Recall that the fifth example below was presented early in Chapter 2; we’ve come a long way since then!

kun-yomi suggestion: “to me”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
海	sea	umi うみ
海水	sea + water = sea water	KAI·SUI カイ·スイ
海図	sea + diagram = nautical chart	KAI·ZU カイ·ズ
雲海	cloud + sea = sea of clouds	UN·KAI ウン·カイ
海王星	sea + king + star = Neptune (planet)	KAI·Ō·SEI カイ·オウ·セイ
北海道	north + sea + road = Hokkaido	HOK·KAI·DŌ ホッ·カイ·ドウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

夏休み に 北海道 へ 行きました。

natsu yasu·mi ni HOK·KAI·DŌ e i·kimashita.

summer vacation Hokkaido went

= (We) went to Hokkaido for summer vacation.

KANJI 194

校 SCHOOL

MEANING

School. A secondary meaning related to “proofreading” shows up in only a few compounds.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

When trees attend SCHOOL, they are often required to mix with other species. This can be problematic; maple trees refuse to take exams with evergreens, for example, and thus drag down test scores for the SCHOOL as a whole. This, as we know, is a traditional source of tension; when it comes to SCHOOL, some argue, coniferous and deciduous trees simply cannot mix.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: KŌ (コウ)

Common kun reading: none

Note how “学” in the second example “doubles up” with 校 , and how this remains constant in the other compounds in which this word occurs.

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
校外	school + outside = off-campus	KŌ·GAI コウ·ガイ
学校	study + school = school	GAK·KŌ ガッ·コウ
小学校	small + study + school = elementary school	SHŌ·GAK·KŌ ショウ·ガッ·コウ
中学校	middle + study + school = junior high school	CHŪ·GAK·KŌ チュウ·ガッ·コウ
高校	tall + school = high school	KŌ·KŌ コウ·コウ
女学校	woman + study + school = girls’ school	JO·GAK·KŌ ジョ·ガッ·コウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

あの 女 の 子 は 高校 二年生 です。

ano onna no ko wa KŌ·KŌ NI·NEN·SEI desu.

that woman child high school second year student

= That girl is a second-year high school student.

KANJI 195

足 LEG

MEANING

Confusingly for English speakers, this character can signify both “leg” and “foot”. A secondary meaning relates to the sense of “suffice”.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

Even a good figure skater can mess up on occasion, and the kanji here provides an example of this happening. The steps are easy to follow: 1. Vampire flies onto good figure skater; 2. Figure skater is distracted, lands awkwardly on the person skating with her (this takes place during a pairs competition); 3. Said person breaks LEG.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: SOKU (ソク)

Common kun reading: ashi (あし)

Note that “取” is voiced in the fouth example.

kun-yomi suggestion: “ash eating”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: ta (た)

IRREGULAR READING
裸足*	naked + leg = barefoot	hadashi はだし

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
足	leg; foot	ashi あし
足首	leg + neck = ankle	ashi·kubi あし·くび
足音	leg + sound = sound of footsteps	ashi·oto あし·おと
足取り	leg + take = one’s gait	ashi do·ri あし ど·り
土足	earth + leg = with shoes on	DO·SOKU ド·ソク
足元 注意	leg + basis + pour + mind = “watch your step”	ashi·moto·CHŪ·I あし·もと·チュ ウ·イ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

足音 を 聞きました か。

ashi·oto o ki·kimashita ka.

sound of footsteps heard

= Did you hear footsteps?

COMPONENT 196

TRIPOD

KANJI 196

糸 THREAD

MEANING

Thread. You will become very familiar with this character over time; it appears as a component in more than sixty other kanji.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

If you want to get a sense of frustration, try doing anything with a tripod made out of THREAD. The moment you use it with a camera, the THREAD collapses and ruins your shot. As a support for painting, though, it’s even worse: the tripod falls over and leaves a bunch of THREAD stuck in your masterpiece.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: none

Common kun reading: ito (いと)

Note that “口” is voiced in the second example.

kun-yomi suggestion: “eat only”

Create your sentence to remember the kun-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: SHI (シ)

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
糸	thread	ito いと
糸口	thread + mouth = beginning; clue	ito·guchi いと·ぐち

SAMPLE SENTENCE

青い 糸 が あります か。

ao·i ito ga arimasu ka.

blue thread is

= Is there any blue thread?

KANJI 197

同 SAME

MEANING

Same.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

As a vegetarian, a gorilla’s diet is always the SAME: fruits, nuts and berries. A vampire, too, is only interested in having the SAME meal over and over: the blood of living creatures. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that a gorilla and vampire will react the SAME way if a hamburger patty is placed between them – neither will want it.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: DŌ (ドウ)

Common kun reading: ona (おな)

Remember that ona (おな) differs from onna (おんな), a reading for “女” in Entry 16.

kun-yomi suggestion: “o, nasty!”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
同じ	same	ona·ji おな·じ
同意	same + mind = agreement	DŌ·I ドウ·イ
同一	same + one = identical	DŌ·ITSU ドウ·イツ
同時	same + time = simultaneous	DŌ·JI ドウ·ジ
同化	same + change = assimilation	DŌ·KA ドウ·カ
同行者	same + go + individual = traveling companion	DŌ·KŌ·SHA ドウ·コウ·シャ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

私 と 中村さん は 同時 に 来ました。

watashi to Naka·mura-san wa DŌ·JI ni ki·mashita.

I Nakamura-san simultaneous came

= Nakamura-san and I arrived at the same time.

KANJI 198

午 NOON

MEANING

Noon.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

Everyone feels sorry for a scarecrow at NOON, as NOON is when the heat starts to pound on him like a hammer.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: GO (ゴ)

Common kun reading: none

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
午前	noon + before = A.M.; morning	GO·ZEN ゴ·ゼン
午後	noon + after = P.M.; afternoon	GO·GO ゴ·ゴ
午前中	noon + before + middle = all morning	GO·ZEN·CHŪ ゴ·ゼン·チュウ

SAMPLE SENTENCE

午前 八時 に 高校 へ 行きます。

GO·ZEN HACHI·JI ni KŌ·KŌ e i·kimasu.

A.M. eight o’clock high school go

= I go to high school at 8 A.M.

KANJI 199

愛 LOVE

MEANING

Love. After an entry for “evil”, space had to be made for this character!

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

LOVE, as we know, is profound, and the components in this kanji all have a connection to its secrets. A stroller can be filled through LOVE, a UFO is as mysterious as LOVE, a heart is the symbol of LOVE, and a running chicken… well, a running chicken has clearly been set free by someone who LOVES chickens.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: AI (アイ)

Common kun reading: none

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi reading in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

The following is a very common irregular reading.

IRREGULAR READING
可愛い*	possible + love = cute	KA·WAI·i カ·ワイ·い

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
愛好	love + like = love; like	AI·KŌ アイ·コウ
愛犬	love + dog = pet dog	AI·KEN アイ·ケン
愛犬家	love + dog + house = dog lover	AI·KEN·KA アイ·ケン·カ
愛鳥家	love + bird + house = bird lover	AI·CHŌ·KA アイ·チョウ·カ
愛国心	love + country + heart = patriotism	AI·KOKU·SHIN アイ·コク·シン

SAMPLE SENTENCE

本田さん は 愛鳥家 として 有名 です。

Hon·da-san wa AI·CHŌ·KA toshite YŪ·MEI desu.

Honda-san bird lover as famous

= Honda-san is famous as a bird lover.

KANJI 200

離 SEPARATE

MEANING

Separate/Leave. This is one the most complicated-looking of all the kanji, but as you are now familiar with each its components, even a ferocious character like this can be tackled with confidence.

REMEMBERING THIS KANJI

A warning: never try to SEPARATE the squirrels, as they will offer violent resistance should you try. The police once made an effort, of course, but the squirrels SEPARATED them from their weapons and committed an act of such unspeakable evil that it cannot be related here. The police then sent in a gorilla to do their dirty work, but as the broken crutch indicates, this maneuver failed miserably as well. In the end, everyone was forced to agree that it was best not to SEPARATE the squirrels at all.

COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Common ON reading: RI (リ)

Common kun reading: hana (はな)

Note how the reading of this character has become voiced in the third compound.

kun-yomi suggestions: “Han amulet”

Create your on-yomi keyword and enter it in the table at the back of the book. After that, write your sentence to remember the on-yomi and kun-yomi readings in the box below.

LESS COMMON PRONUNCIATIONS

Less common ON reading: none

Less common kun reading: none

COMMON WORDS AND COMPOUNDS
離れる (intr)	to separate; to leave	hana·reru はな·れる
離す (tr)	to separate (something)	hana·su はな·す
離れ 離れ	separate + separate = scattered; separated	hana·re bana·re はな·れ ばな·れ
切り離 す	cut + separate = to cut off	ki·ri hana·su き·り はな·す
分離	part + separate = separation	BUN·RI ブン·リ
離村	separate + village = rural exodus	RI·SON リ·ソン

SAMPLE SENTENCE

山 で その 親子 は 離れ離れ に なってしまいました。

yama de sono oya·ko wa hana·re bana·re ni natte shimaimashita.

mountain that parent and child separated ended up

= That parent and child ended up getting separated on the mountain.

CHAPTER 10 REVIEW EXERCISES

A. Please match the following kanji to their meanings.

1. 雲	a. Separate
2. 午	b. After
3. 交	c. Sea
4. 後	d. Same
5. 海	e. Mix
6. 太	f. Black
7. 離	g. Receive
8. 受	h. Cloud
9. 黒	i. Noon
10. 同	j. Fat

B. Please match the following meanings to their kanji, and these to their on or kun-yomi.

1. Not	a. 林	1. SAI (サイ)
2. School	b. 最	2. ashi (あし)
3. Grove	c. 足	3. KŌ (コウ)
4. Car	d. 不	4. mori (もり)
5. Love	e. 凶	5. AI (アイ)
6. Leg	f. 糸	6. hayashi (はやし)
7. Forest	g. 車	7. KYŌ (キョウ)
8. Evil	h. 愛	8. ito (いと)
9. Most	i. 森	9. FU (フ)
10. Thread	j. 校	10. kuruma (くるま)

C. Please choose the best answer(s) to the following questions.

1. Which of the following readings apply to the kanji 離?

a. YŪ (ユウ)

b. mori (もり)

c. RYŌ (リョウ)

d. hana (はな)

e. RI (リ)

2. Which of the following readings apply to the kanji 太?

a. futo (ふと)

b. DAI (ダイ)

c. inu (いぬ)

d. TA (タ)

e. ō (おお)

3. I was going to win the marathon, but got a massive cramp in my ____.

a. 雲

b. 車

c. 森

d. 愛

e. 足

4. Which of the following readings apply to the kanji 海?

a. mizu (みず)

b. umi (うみ)

c. KAI (カイ)

d. kawa (かわ)

e. KŌ (コウ)

5. Which of the following readings apply to the kanji 後?

a. ushi (うし)

b. KŌ (コウ)

c. SHŌ (ショウ)

d. ato (あと)

e. GO (ゴ)

D. Please choose the best answer(s) to the following questions.

1. . Which is the correct reading of 交ぜる?

a. ora·zeru (おら·ぜる)

b. ko·zeru (こ·ぜる)

c. ma·zeru (ま·ぜる)

d. a·zeru (あ·ぜる)

2. Which is the correct reading of 同じ?

a. ona·ji (おな·じ)

b. ara·ji (あら·じ)

c. aka·ji (あか·じ)

d. u·ji (う·じ)

3. Which of the following kanji has the most number of strokes?

a. 後

b. 雲

c. 最

d. 愛

e. 黒

4. Which is the correct reading of 受ける?

a. a·keru (あ·ける)

b. u·keru (う·ける)

c. tata·keru (たた·ける)

d. oda·keru (おだ·ける)

5. Which is the correct reading of 黒い?

a. shiro·i (しろ·い)

b. ao·i (あお·い)

c. aka·i (あか·い)

d. kuro·i (くろ·い)

E. Please match the following compounds and words to their meanings and pronunciations.

1. 分離	a. Smallest	1. DŌ·I (ドウ·イ)
2. 赤黒い	b. To undertake	2. ashi·kubi (あし·くび)
3. 同意	c. Afternoon	3. KAI·Ō·SEI (カイ·オウ·セイ)
4. 海王星	d. Unclear	4. GO·GO (ゴ·ゴ)
5. 引き受 ける	e. Agreement	5. KŌ·KŌ (コウ·コウ)
6. 最小	f. High school	6. SAI·SHŌ (サイ·ショウ)
7. 足首	g. Neptune (planet)	7. BUN·RI (ブン·リ)
8. 不明	h. Dark red	8. hi·ki u·keru (ひ·き う·ける)
9. 午後	i. Separation	9. FU·MEI (フ·メイ)
10. 高校	j. Ankle	10. aka guro·i (あか ぐろ·い)

CUMULATIVE REVIEW EXERCISES FOR CHAPTERS 1 - 10

A. Please match the following kanji to their meanings.

1. 家	a. Electric
2. 干	b. Country
3. 先	c. Mother
4. 母	d. Spirit
5. 空	e. Dry
6. 国	f. House
7. 太	g. Precede
8. 有	h. Fat
9. 電	i. Empty
10. 気	j. Have

B. Which kanji does not belong in the group?

1. a. 日	b. 週	c. 年	d. 首	e. 秒
2. a. 赤	b. 外	c. 青	d. 白	e. 黒
3. a. 春	b. 秋	c. 注	d. 冬	e. 夏
4. a. 市	b. 里	c. 高	d. 町	e. 村
5. a. 金	b. 馬	c. 牛	d. 鳥	e. 犬
6. a. 東	b. 南	c. 西	d. 北	e. 干
7. a. 舌	b. 売	c. 目	d. 足	e. 耳
8. a. 鳥	b. 午	c. 夕	d. 朝	e. 夜
9. a. 車	b. 寺	c. 門	d. 花	e. 道
10. a. 美	b. 好	c. 愛	d. 天	e. 凶

C. Identify the kanji having the most number of strokes.

1. a. 出	b. 主	c. 右	d. 央	e. 百
2. a. 車	b. 学	c. 持	d. 押	e. 周
3. a. 道	b. 週	c. 桜	d. 黒	e. 校
4. a. 字	b. 図	c. 来	d. 英	e. 糸
5. a. 秋	b. 思	c. 書	d. 品	e. 前
6. a. 雲	b. 鳥	c. 開	d. 新	e. 朝
7. a. 年	b. 私	c. 気	d. 甲	e. 母
8. a. 注	b. 夜	c. 音	d. 訓	e. 具
9. a. 掛	b. 時	c. 雪	d. 海	e. 最
10. a. 親	b. 離	c. 読	d. 語	e. 一

D. Please list the following kanji in the order indicated (alphabetical).

1. Dog / Fat / Heaven / Large / Lose

a. 大

b. 犬

c. 太

d. 天

e. 失

2. Come / Half / Mix / Rice / Tree

a. 来

b. 米

c. 木

d. 半

e. 交

3. Block / Dry / Noon / Not / Thousand

a. 午

b. 干

c. 丁

d. 不

e. 千

4. Father / Heaven / Mix / School / Stand

a. 天

b. 交

c. 父

d. 校

e. 立

5. Complete / Jewel / King / Pour / Primary

a. 主

b. 注

c. 玉

d. 王

e. 全

6. Basis / Meet / Part / Public / Same

a. 同

b. 公

c. 分

d. 会

e. 元

7. Precede / Read / Receive / Red / Sell

a. 受

b. 売

c. 先

d. 読

e. 赤

8. Mind / New / Parent / Sound / Stand

a. 親

b. 新

c. 音

d. 意

e. 立

9. Character / City / Ease / House / Study

a. 学

b. 字

c. 安

d. 家

e. 市

10. Buy / Neck / Road / Shellfish / Tool

a. 具

b. 道

c. 首

d. 買

e. 貝

E. Please choose the best answer to the following questions.

1. I often see monks when I walk past that ____.

a. 星

b. 馬

c. 足

d. 電

e. 寺

2. The samurai made a menacing gesture with his ___.

a. 花

b. 車

c. 刀

d. 川

e. 牛

3. What is the worst thing to find waiting for you on your doorstep?

a. 金

b. 品

c. 親

d. 鳥

e. 死

4. Romeo was troubled. How could he demonstrate his ___ for Juliet?

a. 凶

b. 太

c. 具

d. 愛

e. 田

5. It’s so quiet and peaceful in the middle of this ___!

a. 森

b. 犬

c. 月

d. 肉

e. 火

F. Please choose the best answer(s) to the following questions.

1. As 小 is to 大, 少 is to ___.

a. 多

b. 人

c. 名

d. 外

e. 主

2. As 読 is to 書, 押 is to ___.

a. 有

b. 交

c. 買

d. 引

e. 休

3. As 内 is to 外, 私 is to ___.

a. 毎

b. 公

c. 不

d. 元

e. 取

4. As 上 is to 下, 前 is to ___.

a. 本

b. 生

c. 最

d. 山

e. 後

5. As 林 is to 森, 好 is to ___.

a. 赤

b. 愛

c. 心

d. 先

e. 図

G. Please choose the best answer to the following questions.

1. Which is the correct reading of 行く?

a. a·ku (あ·く)

b. i·ku (い·く)

c. fu·ku (ふ·く)

d. ta·ku (た·く)

2. Which is the correct reading of 切る?

a. tabe·ru (たべ·る)

b. ino·ru (いの·る)

c. a·ru (あ·る)

d. ki·ru (き·る)

3. Which is the correct reading of 会う?

a. a·u (あ·う)

b. o·u (お·う)

c. muka·u (むか·う)

d. i·u (い·う)

4. Which is the correct reading of 近い?

a. chika·i (ちか·い)

b. ao·i (あお·い)

c. kata·i (かた·い)

d. aka·i (あか·い)

5. Which is the correct reading of 話す?

a. wata·su (わた·す)

b. furu·su (ふる·す)

c. hana·su (はな·す)

d. ta·su (た·す)

6. Which is the correct reading of 赤い?

a. furu·i (ふる·い)

b. taka·i (たか·い)

c. ō·i (おお·い)

d. aka·i (あか·い)

7. Which is the correct reading of 少し?

a. suko·shi (すこ·し)

b. haya·shi (はや·し)

c. ara·shi (あら·し)

d. hana·shi (はな·し)

8. Which is the correct reading of 古い?

a. kuro·i (くろ·い)

b. shiro·i (しろ·い)

c. furu·i (ふる·い)

d. usu·i (うす·い)

9. Which is the correct reading of 聞く?

a. hi·ku (ひ·く)

b. ki·ku (き·く)

c. a·ku (あ·く)

d. ara·ku (あら·く)

10. Which is the correct reading of 押す?

a. hana·su (はな·す)

b. u·su (う·す)

c. ama·su (あま·す)

d. o·su (お·す)

H. Please match the following compounds and words to their meanings and pronunciations.

1. 有名	a. Exit	1. TA·DOKU·KA (タ·ドク·カ)
2. 多読家	b. Talkative	2. NYŪ·KAI·KIN (ニュウ·カイ·キン)
3. 出口	c. Famous	3. BI·KA (ビ·カ)
4. 同行者	d. The four seasons	4. ta·chi i·ru (た·ち い·る)
5. 書き入れる	e. “Watch Your Step”	5. ka·ki i·reru (か·き い·れる)
6. 午前	f. Traveling companion	6. GAI·KŌ (ガイ·コウ)
7. 立ち入る	g. Patriotism	7. GO·ZEN (ゴ·ゼン)
8. 春夏秋冬	h. Well-read person	8. YŪ·MEI (ユウ·メイ)
9. 美化	i. Beautification	9. hana·shi zu·ki (はな·し ず·き)
10. 足元注意	j. Fireworks	10. hana·bi (はな·び)
11. 外交	k. Morning (a.m.)	11. de·guchi (で·ぐち)
12. 愛国心	l. Enrollment fee	12. SHUN·KA·SHŪ·TO (シュン·カ· シュウ·トウ)
13. 話し好き	m. To go into	13. AI·KOKU·SHIN (アイ·コク·シン)
14. 入会金	n. Foreign policy	14. DŌ·KŌ·SHA (ドウ·コウ·シャ)
15. 花火	o. To write in	15. ashi·moto·CHŪ·I (あし·もと·チュウ·イ)