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Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery (Pennsylvania)
Adams, Abigail
Adams, John; advice of; “Atlas of Independence” and; centrality of property as a natural right; “Constitution of our Minds and Bodies;” criticism of; defense at Boston Massacre trial; “Dissertation on the Canon and Feudal Law;” dissertation in response to Stamp Act; gentlemanly revolution launched by; grounding of law of nature by; importance of human reason and the moral laws of nature; invocation of “revolution-principles;” Novanglus letters; opposition to slavery; quote; “real American Revolution” termed by; reference to “constitution of the human mind;” research agenda; response to Stamp Act; retirement of; “revolution principles” of; spirit of liberty of; true American Revolution as described by; ultimate meaning of the Prohibitory Act
Adams, John Quincy
Adams, Samuel; opposition to slavery; pseudonym
Administration of Justice Act
Advice to the Privileged Orders, in the Several States of Europe, Resulting from the Necessity and Propriety of a General Revolution in the Principle of Government
Age of Enlightenment. See also Enlightenment
Age of Reason: Enlightenment as; view of the world in
Allen, Ethan; Green Mountain Boys; grounding of law of nature by; Reason the Only Oracle of Man
Allen, John
Allen, Joseph
The American Crisis (Paine)
American mind; central component of; Common Sense and; common sentiments of; Declaration of Independence as expression of; definition of; equality principle as central component of; forging of; Locke and; losing of; moral ideas that changed; movement toward intellectual revolution; philosophy associated with; in practice; principle of consent and; process of being revolutionized and constitutionalized; Stamp Act and; state of (1765); theory of consent and
American Revolution: great achievement of; guidance of; harbinger of; importance of; moral philosophy of; “real American Revolution;” root cause of; spokesmen of; ultimate goal of (Jefferson)
American society, great paradox of
America’s Appeal to the Impartial World (Moses Mather)
Ames, Nathaniel III
Anglo-American Tories
architectonic principle
Aristotle
“Atlas of Independence”
“axioms of morals” (Reid)
Bacon, Francis; Enlightenment ideas of; scientific method
Baldwin, Ebenezer
Barbeyrac, Jean
Barlow, Joel
Benezet, Anthony
A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom (Jefferson)
Blackstone, William
Bland, Richard; An Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor
Book of Genesis
Boone, Daniel
Boston Gazette
Boston Massacre
Boston Port Act
Boucher, Jonathan
British Tories
Bulkley, John
Burke, Edmund
Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques
Calhoun, John C.
Calvin’s Case
“Camillus”
capitalism, critique of
Carr, Peter
Carter, Landon
Cartwright, John
Case, Stephen
Cato’s Letters (Trenchard and Gordon)
“Centinel”
Charles I
Charter of Liberties and Privileges (New York, 1683)
chattel slavery, philosophy that called for the end of
Chiappe, Francisco
Chipman, Nathaniel
Church, Benjamin
Cicero
civil government (Locke)
Clark, Jonas
Coercive Acts; American resistance to; Americans’ meaning of; battles fought with Tories over; hope for reconciliation with Great Britain with passage of; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate
Coke, Edward
Common Sense (Paine)
Commonwealth v. Jennison
Comte, Auguste
conceptually self-evident truths
Concord, battle at
consent of the governed; in practice; in theory
consequences of ideas
Constitutional Gazette
Continental Congress
Continental Journal
Conway, Henry
Cook, Amos
Cooke, Samuel
Cooper, David
Cooper, Samuel
Cosway, Maria
Crockett, Davy
Croly, Herbert
Cumberland, Richard
Cushing, William
Dalton, Tristram
Dawes, Thomas
Declaration of Independence; absolute rights and; approval of; challenge to chattel slavery; concepts of truth and self-evident in; Dewey’s critique of; discrete acts of writing, signing, and public readings of; as expression of the American mind; exuberance generated by; first paragraph; imperial crisis; as instance of law; interpretation of meaning of self-evident truths in context of; Jefferson’s description of; Jefferson’s letter establishing significance of; moral law of nature; morally demonstrative argument of truths; nobility of; proslavery critique of; right to revolution; self-evident truths; “unalienable rights” of; underlying philosophic structure; universe of ideas
Declaration of Independence, Enlightenment and; Age of Reason, Enlightenment as; American mind, Locke and; Enlightenment ethics
A Declaration of the People’s Nattural Right to Share in the Legislature (Sharp)
Declaratory Act: Americans’ awareness with passage of; Americans’ meaning of; battles fought with Tories over; challenge of; comparison to “absolute slavery;” passage of, American Whigs and; purpose of; theoretical and practical problems raised by; threat to freedom in form of; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate; view of equality following passage of
Democracy in America (Tocqueville)
Dewey, John
Dickinson, John; alarm against Townshend Acts; American position on its welfare; gentlemanly revolution launched by; imperial crisis, rights and; Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania; meaning of equality; “Olive Branch Petition;” pre-1776 charter rights; Samuel Adams and; warning by
Douglas, Stephen
Douglass, Frederick
Downer, Silas
Dragonetti, Giacinto
Drayton, William Henry
Dr. Bonham’s Case (Otis)
Duane, James
Dulany, Daniel
Dulany, Daniel, Sr.
Duncan, William
Dwight, Theodore
Edenic state of nature
elective despotism
Elements of Logick (Duncan)
Ellsworth, Oliver
Ely, Richard T.
Emancipation Proclamation (Lincoln)
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Emmons, Nathanael
“The Empire of Laws”
English Real Whigs
English Tories
Enlightenment: as Age of Reason; great thinkers of; ideas; new science; philosophy; self-evident truths and; state of nature; theory of natural rights, radicalized
Enlightenment, Declaration of Independence and; Age of Reason, Enlightenment as; American mind, Locke and; Enlightenment ethics
equality; imperial crisis; in practice; revolutionary equality; in theory. See also slavery, equality and
Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Locke)
Essay on Man (Pope)
Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (Reid)
The Essential Rights and Liberties of Protestants (Elisha Williams)
ethics: demonstrative science of; Enlightenment
Exclusion Crisis (1679–81)
“false philosophy of the age”
The Farmer Refuted (Hamilton)
Federalist No. 10 (Madison)
Federalist No. 23 (Hamilton)
Federalist No. 31 (Hamilton)
Federalist No. 48 (Madison)
Federalist No. 51 (Madison)
A Few Political Reflections (Wells)
Filmer, Robert
Findley, William
Fitzhugh, George
Flower, George
Foster, Dan; essay on civil government; moral logic of core principle; moral self-ownership assumed by; question of what rights are; recognition of moral right; A Short Essay on Civil Government; social transaction
Foster, Michael
Franklin, Benjamin; belief in attainment of happiness; first principles; relationship between the scientific and moral laws of nature
Frost, Robert
A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress (Hamilton)
Gage, Thomas
Galloway, Joseph
Garrison, William Lloyd
Gates, Horatio
George III, king: American legislation vetoed by; charges brought against; colonies’ state of rebellion declared by; despotism of; failure of; fury of war unleashed by (Drayton); goal of American provincials made clear to; Henry’s doubt of; indictment of wrongs committed by; lack of tyranny under; list of grievances against; Paine’s accusation of; renouncing of allegiance to; unjust laws supported by
Gerry, Elbridge
Gill, Moses
Glorious Revolution
God’s law
Golden Rule
Goodrich, Elizur
Gordon, Thomas
government, consent and just powers of
Gradual Abolition Act (Connecticut)
Great Britain, intellectual battle with
Green, Jacob
Green Mountain Boys
Grégoire, Henri
Grenville, George
Grotius, Hugo
habit of thinking
Hamilton, Alexander; advice of; The Farmer Refuted; Federalist No. 23; Federalist No. 31; A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress; opposition to slavery; sacred rights of mankind; validity of laws; view of purpose and power of national government
Hammond, James Henry
Hancock, John
happiness: distinction between real and imaginary (Locke); public (Locke)
Harding, David
Harper, William
Harrington, James
Harrison, Jesse Burton
Hart, Levi
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
Henry, Patrick; at first Continental Congress; pledge of; response to Stamp Act sparked by; slaves owned by; treason of; views on slavery
Hessians
Historical Law Tracts (Lord Kames)
“historic relativity”
Hitchcock, Enos
Hitchcock, Gad
Hobbes, Thomas; Hobbesian liberty; state of nature
Hopkins, Samuel
Hopkins, Stephen
House of Burgesses
Howard, Martin
Howard, Simeon
Howe, William
Hume, David
Hurt, John
Hutchinson, Thomas
“if-given-then” conditional imperative
imperial crisis; consent of the governed; Declaration of Independence; doctrine of consent during; equality; New World provincials and; rights and
imperial debates
individuation, principle of (Foster)
Inquiry into the Rights of the British Colonies (Bland)
intellectual revolution
Intolerable Acts. See also Coercive Acts
intuitive knowledge
Iron Act
James, William
Jay, John
Jefferson, Thomas; Adams’s letter to; advice of; ambiguity regarding “Nature’s God;” American mind of; argument for America’s foreign policy; A Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom; declaration of; declaration on elective despotism; description of Declaration offered by; description of self-government and political government; equality as natural liberty; equality principle, first public statement on slavery; gentlemanly revolution launched by; grounding of law of nature by; hopes for American experiment in self-government; importance of reason among revolutionary generation; lament of misgovernment; “laws of our being;” letter establishing significance of Declaration of Independence; letter to Henry Lee; Lincoln’s testimonial for; man’s “divided empire” termed by; moral agent; “moral law” of man’s nature; “natural aristocracy” promoted by; Notes on the State of Virginia; outlook on happiness and its sources; requirement of freedom; response to criticism; response to Intolerable Acts; revolutionary equality; rights as fences described by; Second Inaugural Address; slaves owned by; spirit of liberty and; Summary View of the Rights of British-America; unobstructed action of rightful liberty; views of equality, doubt about; views on slavery
Johnson, Samuel
Johnson, Stephen
Kames, Lord
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kant, Immanuel
Kercheval, Samuel
King, Miles
Knox, Henry
Kosciusko, Thaddeus
laissez-faire capitalism
Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, II
law of opinion or reputation (Locke)
Laws, Concessions, and Agreements for the province of West New Jersey
Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts (1648)
laws of nature (moral): as deductions from the rights of nature; discovery of; human nature and; as “if-given-then” conditional imperative; knowledge of through reason; motivation to follow; problem with; purpose of; reason and; relationship between coercive laws of government and; relationship between scientific laws of nature and; rewards and punishments of; source of; ultimate goal of
laws of nature (scientific): demonstration of; necessity of; relationship between moral laws of nature and; way of knowing
Lectures on Law (Wilson)
Lectures on Moral Philosophy (Witherspoon)
Lee, Arthur
Lee, Charles
Lee, Henry
Lee, Richard Henry
Leggett, William
Leonard, Daniel
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Dickinson)
Leviathan (Hobbes)
Lexington, battle at
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; right to liberty; right to life; right to property; right to pursuit of happiness
Lincoln, Abraham: on America’s central idea of equality; on the Declaration as “electric cord;” on the Declaration’s principles; Emancipation Proclamation; imploring of citizens to reject Pettit’s claim of “self-evident lies;” letter honoring Jefferson and “abstract truth” of the Declaration
Lind, John
Livingston, Philip
Locke, John; absolute rights and; American mind and; civil government; claim about the English people; Adams’s comparison to Columbus; concept of rights; consent theory; demonstrative knowledge; discovery of rules of moral action; distinction between real and imaginary happiness; Enlightenment ideas of; Essay Concerning Human Understanding; God’s law; happiness, self-interest and; “historical, plain method” of; intuition; law of opinion or reputation; men born tabula rasa; moral laws, toothless; moral principles; moral right to revolution; moral theory; natural rewards and punishments; new ethic of; On the Reasonableness of Christianity; perfect freedom; philosophic treatises; philosophic understanding of equality; political power; quote; reference to “dictator[s] of principles;” “right method” process of; social law of opinion and reputation; species equality and; theory of consent; view of human nature; virtue and public happiness
Locke, John, Second Treatise of Government; civil government; equality in theory; formation of governments; fundamental law of nature; identification of laws of nature; principle of self-ownership; property and consent; property rights; revolution; theory of consent developed in
Lockwood, Samuel
machinations of power
Mackenzie, John
Madison, James; assessment of America’s revolutionary leaders; description of complex or compound republics by; Federalist No. 10; Federalist No. 45; Federalist No. 51; moral logic borrowed by; property defined by; as proponent of new American-style republicanism; slaves owned by; spirit of liberty and; uncertainty about abolishing slavery
Magaw, Robert
Magna Carta
Marx, Karl
Mason, George
Massachusetts Government Act
Massachusetts Spy
Mather, Moses
Mauduit, Jasper
Mayhew, Jonathan
McCleod, Alexander
McClintock, Samuel
metaphysical law
Miles, James Warley
Milton, John
Molesworth, Robert
Molyneux, William
Montague, John
Montesquieu
moral laws of nature: as deductions from the rights of nature; discovery of; human nature and; as “if-given-then” conditional imperative; knowledge of through reason; motivation to follow; problem with; purpose of; reason and; relationship between coercive laws of government and; relationship between scientific laws of nature and; rewards and punishments of; source of; ultimate goal of
moral logic
moral relativism
moral theory: of Locke; of Paine; of the Revolution
nature: Baconian-Newtonian conception of; Declaration’s moral law of; fundamental law of (Locke); law of, violation of; relationship between scientific and moral laws of; state of. See also laws of nature
Navigation Acts
Newton, Isaac; Dewey’s reference to; Hammond’s reference to; in Jefferson’s aphorism; physical laws of nature as discovered by
New World: adventurers, quasi-Lockean moment of; Barlow’s claim about; common law in; economic opportunity and wealth creation in; importing of Locke’s idea into; provincials, Acts challenging; provincials, imperial crisis and; realm of freedom created in; settlers, spirit of liberty of; Solons and Lycurguses; traditional rights and liberties institutionalized in
Nietzsche, Friedrich
“night-watchman” state
Niles, Nathaniel
Nisbet, Charles
“no taxation without representation”
Notes on the State oof Virginia (Jefferson)
Novum Organum (Bacon)
Old World: common law in; forces holding it together; freest nation in; hereditary privilege and legal restrictions; inequalities that defined life in; Charles Nisbet; social barriers and hierarchies
On the Reasonableness of Christianity (Locke)
opinions of mankind
O’Sullivan, John L.
Otis, James; declaration of statutory law that violated “natural equity;” gentlemanly revolution launched by; as harbinger of American Revolution; law of nature according to; moral laws of nature characterized by; Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved; views on slavery
Paine, Thomas; The American Crisis; call for beginning of a new world; Common Sense; description of republic by; moral theory of; objective criteria justifying revolution; opposition to slavery; pseudonym; rejection of ideas; revolution; Rights of Man
Palmer, Elihu
Parsons, Theophilus
Payson, Phillips
Peale, Charles Willson
Penn, William
Pennsylvania Gazette
Pennsylvania Resolves
Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery
perceptually self-evident truths
Perkins, John
Pettit, John
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Newton)
Pierce, William
plantation socialism
The Political Economy of Slavery (Ruffin)
political liberty, definition of
political power (Locke)
Pope, Alexander
“Poplicola”
Post Office Act
“post-truth”
power: American sovereignty of; Parliament’s arbitrary power in America; political (Locke)
Prohibitory Act; battles fought with Tories over; denial of king’s protection through; justification for revolution response to; purpose of; ultimate meaning of
proslavery intellectuals
proslavery Southerners
Providence Gazette
Pufendorf, Samuel von
Quakers (Philadelphia), world’s first antislavery society organized by
Quartering Act
Quebec Act
Quincy, Josiah
Ramsay, David
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, —
Raynal, Abbé
real American Revolution
Reason the Only Oracle of Man (Ethan Allen)
rebels;
The Regulations Lately Made (Whatley)
Reid, Thomas; “axioms of morals;” Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man
republican government: building of; just powers of
revolution; history of the conspiracy; justification; Paine’s revolution; problem of power; prudence and revolution; in theory; unanimity in collective belief
revolutionary equality, —
rights, nature of; elements; in practice; in theory
The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (Otis)
Rights of Man (Paine)
Roane, Spencer
Rokeby, Lord
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Ruffin, Edmund
Rush, Benjamin
Rutledge, John
Saxon constitution
science of liberty
scientific laws of nature: demonstration of; necessity of; relationship between moral laws of nature and; way of knowing
Scots Magazine
Second Continental Congress
Second Treatise of Government (Locke); civil government; equality in theory; formation of governments; fundamental law of nature; identification of laws of nature; principle of self-ownership; property and consent; property rights; revolution; theory of consent developed in
Selden, John
self-evident truths; axiom; Declaration, in context of; Enlightenment conception as perceptually true; intuitive knowledge; meaning of truth
self-government, natural right of
self-interest: American acceptance of (Tocqueville); corrupt understanding of; end result of (Locke); “enlightened;” as fundamental law of nature; long-term; moral agent (Jefferson); obedience to laws of government and; proslavery writers and; pursuit of
self-ownership: Foster; Locke
Seven Years’ War
Sharp, Granville
Shirley, William
A Short Essay on Civil Government (Foster)
Shute, Daniel
Sidney, Algernon
Sketches of the Principles of Government (Chipman)
slavery, equality and; American revolutionaries and slavery; challenge of slavery; Declaration and freedom; freedom and; Jefferson’s first public statement on; paradox of American freedom; philosophy that called for the end of slavery; revolution to end slavery
Smith, Adam
social contract and consent
socialism
Southern intellectuals
Southern Review
“Spartanus”
spirit of liberty; activation of; George Washington’s; in Pennsylvania; principles and; seen in attitude of John Adams; of settlers in the New World; Washington’s encouragement of in troops; way of life associated with
Stamp Act; Adams’s response to; American reaction to (Wells); American resistance to; Americans’ meaning of; as assault on private property; battle cry associated with; battles fought with Tories over; challenge of; Congress declaration; constitutionality of; crisis, beginning of; Declaration’s indictment of; deep-seated moralism triggered by; justification for revolution response to; Massachusetts Assembly response to; moral and psychological effects first triggered by the passage of; moral right at heart of resistance to; Otis’s response to; pressure of events first precipitated by; response to (Henry); series of resolutions in response to; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate; view of equality following passage of; as violation of law of nature
state of nature and consent; conflict and; Edenic state of nature; fatal flaw; motives for escaping; prepolitical state known as; problems of; reversion to; unsustainability of
Stiles, Ezra
Suffolk Resolves
Sugar Act: battles fought with Tories over; challenge of; Otis’s response to; taxation through; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate; view of equality following passage of
A Summary View of the Rights of British-America (Jefferson)
syllogism (self-evident truths)
Taney, Roger
Taylor, John
Tea Act: American resistance to; battles fought with Tories over; justification for revolution response to; meaning of for Americans; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate; view of equality following passage of, Wells’s inspiration by
Thacher, James
Tocqueville, Alexis de: American mind in practice noted by; American society as encountered by; associations noted by; Democracy in America; doctrine of self-interest, American acceptance of; observation about Americans; observation of frontier life; self-government, natural right of; tour of America
Tories: Anglo-American; British Tories; intellectual and political battles fought by
Townshend Acts: American resistance to; Americans’ awareness with passage of; Americans’ meaning of; battles fought with Tories over; Dickinson’s alarm against; response to; use of principle of natural rights to evaluate; view of equality following passage of
Trenchard, John
true American Revolution, Adams’s description of
Tucker, John
Tucker, St. George
Turner, Charles
tyranny: in American colonies; of British legislation; design to impose; Jefferson’s warning about; lack of in Britain’s American colonies; slavery and; “Starchamber” reference by Otis
The United States Magazine and Democratic Review
unwritten versus written law
Vattel, Emmerich de
“Vindex”
A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches (Wise)
Virginia Bill of Rights
Virginia House of Burgesses
Virginia Resolves
virtual representation
Walker, Quock
Walker, Timothy
War of Independence. See American Revolution
Warren, Joseph
Washington, George; Circular Letter to the States; Continental Army; First Inaugural speech; gentlemanly revolution launched by; movement of army of; slaves owned by; spirit of liberty of; volunteer army of
Webster, Noah
Weightman, Roger
Wells, Richard; A Few Political Reflections; laws of right and wrong; views on slavery
Wentworth, Benning
Whately, Thomas
Whigs (American)
Whiting, William
William the Conqueror
Williams, Abraham
Williams, Elisha
Williams, Samuel
Wilson, James; identification of great discoveries of Enlightenment; Lectures on Law; natural rights explained by; property defined by; rights explained by; role of inequality in human affairs
Wilson, Woodrow
Winthrop, John
Wise, John
Witherspoon, John
Wolfe, James
Zubly, John Joachim