Notes

Introduction

p.vii	I write because I can’t fy. See Chevigny, “All I Have, A Lament and a Boast’: Why Prisoners Write,” Prose and Con: Essays on Prison Literature in the United States, ed. D. Quentin Miller (Jeferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2005).
p.x	“Like slave … Auburn Prison.” With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in America (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998). pp. 265-69.
p.x	“In July … hunger strike.” Tom Wicker, A Time to Die (New York: Quadrangle, 1975), pp. 6-8.
p.xi	“Penologists Andrew … United States.” Andrew von Hirsch, Doing Justice (New York, Hill and Wang, 1976) Robert Martinson, “What Works? Questions and Answers about Prison Reform,” Public Interest 35: 22-54.
p.xii	“As former … ever seen.” Prison Life (January-February 1996): 38.
p.xii	“A predatory … more overtime.” Victor Hassine, Life without Parole: Living in Prison Today (Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company, 1996), 31, 37, 65.
p.xiii	“Tere’s little violence … than men do.” All too familiar: Sexual Abuse of Women in U.S. State Prisons, Human Rights Watch, Women’s Rights Project (New York: Human Rights Watch, 1996).
p.xiii	“Tis nation … in London.” Adam Liptak “U.S. Prison Population Dwarfs that of Other Nations.” New York Times, April 23, 2008.
p.xiv	“And juveniles … without parole.” Ashley Nellis and Ryan S. King, “No exit: Te Expanding Use of Life Sentences in America,” Sentencing Project, July, 2009.
p.xiv	“Te UN Convention … or coercion.” Lance Tapley, “Mass Torture in America: Notes from the Supermax Prisons,” Prison Legal News, February, 2009.
p.xiv	“Isolation can … mental illness.” Mental Illness, Human Rights, and U.S. Prisons (New York: Human Rights Watch, September 22, 2009.)
p.xiv	“Te American public … in Connecticut.” Leah Caldwell, “Iraqi Dungeons and Torture Chambers under New American Trained Management.” Prison Legal News, December, 2004.
p.xiv	Jamie Fellner, “U.S.: Improve Weak Standards to End Prison Rape,” Human Rights Watch, April 4, 2011.
p.xiv	“A s the ACLU … of whites.” Charles M. Blow, “Drug Bust,” New York Times, June 22, 2011
p.xiv	“For Michele Alexander … marginalization.” Te New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in an Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2010). Robert Perkinson also draws the Jim Crow analogy in Texas Tough.: Te Rise of America’s Prison Empire (New York: Picador, 2010).
p.xv	“In 2011 … decriminalizing drugs.” Former leaders of Colombia and Mexico, who served on the Commission, spoke of the great harm the drug war does to their peoples. Mexico has lost 34,000 to the drug war.
p.xv	“Re-entry has … reintegrate successfully.” See Jeremy Travis, But Tey All Come Back: Facing the Challenge of Prisoner Re-entry (Washington, D.C., Urban Institute Press, 2005).
p.xvii	“To be … be listening.” Kathrin Perutz, “P.E.N. and Prisons,” Witness: Special Issue: Writing from Prison (Fall 1987): 149.
p.xviii	The bibliography … through 1981. H. Bruce Franklin, “An Annotated Bibliography of Published Works by American Prisoners and Ex-Prisoners,” Prison Literature in America: The Victim As Criminal and Artist. (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 291-341.
p.xviii	Under Reagan … gone under. Joseph Bruchac, “The Decline and Fall of Prison Literature,” Small Press (Jan./Feb. 1987): 28-32.
p.xviii	Now, with … been suppressed. McGrath Morris, Jailhouse founalism: The Fourth Estate Behind Bars (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Company, 1998). See Life Sentences: Rage and Survival Behind Bars, eds. Wilbert Rideau and Ron Wikberg of The Angolite, New York: Times Books, 1992, and The Ceiling of America: An Inside Look at the U.S. Prison Industry, eds. Daniel Burton-Rose, Dan Pens, and Paul Wright of Prison Legal News, Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1998.

Routines and Ruptures

p.48	The beat… Fernandez. A 1970s study group in Greenhaven Prison found that over 75 percent of the New York State prison population came from just seven New York City neighborhoods. Prison Life (October 1996): 50.

Work

p.71	You ought … the men. “Ain’t No More Cane on This Brazis.” Sung by Ernest Williams and group, Sugarland, Texas, 1933. Recorded by John A. and Alan Lomax. Library of Congress Music Division, Archive of American Folk Music.
	Recorded by John A. and Alan Lomax. Library of Congress Music Division, Archive of American Folk Music.
p.71	Some historians … in 1796. See Christianson, pp.94-106. Christiansen argues that the replacement of penal slavery with racial slavery was legitimized through the Thirteenth Amendment. See also H. Bruce Franklin, “Introduction,” Prison Writing in 20th-century America (New York: Penguin, 1998), pp.1-20.
p.72	Founded in … goods annually. Pollock, 124.
p.72	Since 1990… private companies. Florida Corrections Commision, 1997 Annual Report, p.1.

Reading and Writing

p.97	In prison… high school. The Center on Crime, Communities, and Culture, “Research Brief: Education As Crime Prevention” (September 1997): 4-5.
p.98	Women in prison … the results. For example, the women at Bedford Hills Correctional Facility have published Breaking the Walls of Silence: AIDS and Women in a New York State Maximum Security Prison (New York: Overlook, 1998).
p.98	“A lack … to empathize.” Small Press (Jan./Feb. 1987): 87.
p.98	In “Colorado … of react.” Prison Life (June 1994): 46.

Race, Chance, Change

p.175	In the … white person. Comprising 9 percent of the general population but 16 percent of prisoners, Hispanics are the fastest-growing race behind bars. Marc Mauer, Responding to Racial Disparities in Prison and Jail Populations (The Sentencing Project: Washington, D.C., 1998), pp.1-2.
p.175	“I’ve heard … old biases.” Richard Strarton, “Common Ground,” Prison Life (October 1994): 3.

Family

p.218

Even if… but failed.” Bruchac, The Light from Another Country: Poetry from American Prisons (Greenfield Center, New York: Greenfield Review Press, 1984}: p.151.

Getting Out

p.285

On the … home again. The Listening Chamber (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1997).

Death Row

p.301

(Since Pennsylvania., .as whites.) United States of America: Rights for All (New York: Amnesty International Publications, 1998), p.109.