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Echinacea

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Pleschka, S., et al. Anti-viral properties and mode of action of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1, H5N7) and swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV). Virol J 13, no. 6 (2009): 197.

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Senchina, D. S., et al. Year-and-a-half old, dried echinacea roots retain cytokine-modulating capabilities in an in vitro human older adult model of influenza vaccination. Planta Med 72, no. 13 (2006): 1207–15.

Sharma, M., et al. The potential use of echinacea in acne: control of Propionibacterium acnes growth and inflammation. Phytother Res 25, no. 4 (2011): 517–21. E-pub (preprint) September 9, 2010.

Sharma, S. M., et al. Bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of a standardized echinacea extract (Echinaforce): dual actions against respiratory bacteria. Phytomedicine 17, no. 8–9 (2010): 563–68.

Soudi, S., et al. Antileishmanial effect of Echinacea purpurea root extract cultivated in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 6, no. 2 (2007): 147–49.

Spence, Katherine M. In vivo evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of crude extracts of Echinacea species and fractions isolated from Echinacea purpurea. Master’s thesis, University of Southern Queensland (Toowoomba, Queensland), 1999. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/1512/.

Steinmüller, C., et al. Polysaccharides isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea enhance the resistance of immunosuppressed mice against systemic infections with Candida albicans and Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Immunopharmacol 15, no. 5 (1993): 605–14.

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Tamta, H., et al. Variability in in vitro macrophage activation by commercially diverse bulk echinacea plant material is predominantly due to bacterial lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides. J Agric Food Chem 56, no. 22 (2008): 10552–56.

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Wagner, H., et al. Immunostimulant action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants. Preliminary communication. Arzneimittelforschung 34, no. 6 (1984): 659–61.

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Zhai, Z., et al. Alcohol extracts of echinacea inhibit production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophages in vitro. Food Agric Immunol 18, no. 3–4 (2007): 221–36.

Zhai, Z., et al. Echinacea increases arginase activity and has anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, indicative of alternative macrophage activation. J Ethnopharmacol 122, no. 1 (2009): 76–85.

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Eleutherococcus

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Arushanian, E. B., et al. Effect of eleutherococcus on short-term memory and visual perception in healthy humans. Eksp Klin Farmakol 66, no. 5 (2003): 10–13.

Baczek, Katarzyna. Accumulation of biologically active compounds in eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus/Rupr. Et Maxim./Maxim.) grown in Poland. Herba Polonica 55, no. 1 (2009): 7–13.

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Cicero, A. F., et al. Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim.) on elderly quality of life: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gerentol Geriatr Suppl 9 (2004): 69–73.

Dardymov, I. V. Part II: Study of the mechanism of action of eleutherococcus extract. Some aspects of the mechanism of action of eleutherococcus extract. Available online on the website of VitaOffice at http://vitaoffice.com/images/office/download/eleuthromechanism.pdf (accessed December 19, 2011).

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Deyama, T., et al. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng, Acta Pharmacol Sin 22, no. 12 (2001): 1057–70.

Donovan, J. L., et al. Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) effects on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity in normal volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 31, no. 5 (2003): 519–22.

Drozd, J., et al. Estimation of humoral activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Acta Pol Pharm 59, no. 9 (2002): 395–401.

Feng, S., et al. Determination of eleutheroside E and eleutheroside B in rat plasma and tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction and photodiode array detection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 62, no. 3 (2006): 315–20.

Gaffney, B. T., et al. The effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Panax ginseng on steroidal hormone indices of stress and lymphocyte subset numbers in endurance athletes. Life Sci 70, no. 4 (2001): 431–42.

Gaffney, B. T., et al. Panax ginseng and Eleutherococcus senticosus may exaggerate an already existing biphasic response to stress via inhibition of enzymes which limit the binding of stress hormones to their receptors. Med Hypotheses 56, no. 5 (2001): 567–72.

Glatthaar-Saalmüller, B., et al. Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Antiviral Res 50, no. 3 (2001): 223–28.

Hartz, A. J., et al. Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue. Psychol Med 34, no. 1 (2004): 51–61.

Jeong, H. J., et al. Inhibitory effects of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions by cell cultured Siberian ginseng. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 23, no. 1 (2001): 107–17.

Jung, C. H., et al. Eleutherococcus senticosus extract attenuates LPS-induced iNOS expression through the inhibition of Akt and JNK pathways in murine macrophage. J Ethnopharmacol 113, no. 1 (2007): 183–87.

Kang, J. S., et al. Quantitative determination of eleutheroside B and E from Acanthopanax species by high performance liquid chromatography. Arch Pharm Res 24, no. 5 (2001): 407–11.

Kaplan, E. Y., et al. Part I: Eleutherococcus extract. Action range study of the range of the adaptogenic action of Eleutherococcus senticosus Rupr. et Maxim. Available online on the website of VitaOffice at http://vitaoffice.com/images/office/download/eleuthroactionrange.pdf (accessed December 19, 2011).

Kimura, Y., et al. Effects of various Eleutherococcus senticosus cortex on swimming time, natural killer activity and corticosterone level in forced swimming stressed mice. J Ethnopharmacol 95, no. 2–3 (2004): 447–53.

Kuo, J., et al. The effect of eight weeks of supplementation with Eleutherococcus senticosus on endurance capacity and metabolism in human. Chin J Physiol 53 (2010): 1–7.

Lee, Jung J., et al. Extract of Acanthopanax koreanum for the treatment or prevention of hepatitis or the liver protective drug. U.S. Patent 7,309,504 B2, filed January 24, 2003, and issued December 18, 2007.

Lee, S., et al. Antiinflammatory activity of hyperin from Acanthopanax chiisanensis roots. Arch Pharm Res 27, no. 6 (2004): 628–32.

Li, W., et al. Acanthopanax for acute ischemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8, no. 3 (2009): CD007032.

Liu, Y, et al. Effects of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms var. hispidus Hoo polysaccharides on the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and its possible mechanism. Chin Med J 115, no. 5 (2002): 716–21.

Natural Products Research Institute at Seoul National University. Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. In Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series, no. 21. Manila: World Health Organization, 1998. http://wpro.who.int/internet/files/pub/97/105.pdf.

Panossian, A., et al. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res 19, no. 10 (2005): 819–38.

Park, H. R., et al. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus. Afr J Biotechnol 5, no. 23 (2006): 2388–96.

Provalova, N. V., et al. Mechanisms underling the effects of adaptogens on erythropoiesis during paradoxical sleep deprivation. Bull Exp Biol Med 133, no. 5 (2002): 428–32.

Randall, R. P. Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus (Araliaceae). Entry in A Global Compendium of Weeds. Meredith, Victoria (Australia): R. G. and F. J. Richardson, 2002. Available on the website of the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project at http://hear.org/gcw/species/eleutherococcus_pentaphyllus (accessed December 9, 2010).

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Schmolz, M. W., et al. The synthesis of Rantes, G-CSF, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-13 in human whole-blood cultures is modulated by an extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus L. roots. Phytother Res 15, no. 3 (2001): 268–70.

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Singh, N., et al. Effect of anti-stress plants on biochemical changes during stress reaction. Ind J Pharmacol 23, no. 3 (1991): 137–42.

Sithisarn, P., et al. Antioxidant activity of Acanthopanax trifoliatus. Med Princ Pract 18 (2009): 393–98.

Soya, H., et al. Extract from Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (Siberian ginseng) activates NTS and SON/PVN in the rat brain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72, no. 9 (2008): 2467–80.

Steinmann, G. G., et al. Immunopharmacological in vitro effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts. Arzneimittelforschung 51, no. 1 (2001): 76–83.

Szolomicki, J., et al. The influence of active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus on cellular defence and physical fitness in man. Phytother Res 14, no. 1 (2000): 30–35.

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Wang, Z., et al. Semipreparative separation and determination of eleutheroside E in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 43, no. 5 (2005): 249–52.

Weigant, F. A., et al. Plant adaptogens increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. Biogerontology 10, no. 1 (2009): 27–42.

Yi, J. M, et al. Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus stem on mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis. J Ethnopharmacol 79, no. 3 (2002): 347–52.

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Ginger

Ahui, M. L., et al. Ginger prevents Th2-mediated immune responses in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 8, no. 12 (2008): 1626–32.

Ajith, T. A., et al. Zingiber officinale Roscoe prevents acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity by enhancing hepatic antioxidant status. Food Chem Toxicol 45, no. 11 (2007): 2267–72.

Altman, R. D., et al. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 44, no. 11 (2001): 2531–38.

Anonymous. Ginger. Herbs at a Glance fact sheet from the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, updated July 2010. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ginger/.

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Benchaluk, T., et al. Effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on methyl parathion intoxication in rats. Chinag Mai Med J 49, no. 3 (2010): 81–88.

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Honey

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Eddy, J. J., et al. Practical consideration of using topical honey for neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: a review. WMJ 107, no. 4 (2008): 187–90.

Emsen, M. A different and safe method of split thickness skin graft fixation: medical honey application. Burns 33, no. 6 (2007): 782–87.

English, H. K., et al. The effect of manuka honey on plaque and gingivitis: a pilot study. J Int Acad Periodontol 6, no. 2 (2004): 63–67.

Ergul, E., et al. The effect of honey on the intestinal anastomotic wound healing in rats with obstructive jaundice. Bratisl Lek Listy 111, no. 5 (2010): 265–70.

Estevinho, L., et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds extracts of northeast Portugal honey. Food Chem Toxicol 46, no. 12 (2008): 3774–79.

Estrada, H., et al. Evaluation of the antimicrobial action of honey against Staphyloccocus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus niger. Evaluation of its microbiological charge. Arch Latinoam Nutr 55, no. 2 (2005): 167–71.

Eyarefe, O. D., et al. Small bowel responses to enteral honey and glutamine administration following massive small bowel resection in rabbit. Afr J Med Sci 37, no. 4 (2008): 309–14.

Fangio, M. F., et al. Antimicrobial activity of honey the southeast of Buenos Aires Province against Escherichia coli. Rev Argent Microbiol 39, no. 2 (2007): 120–23.

French, V. M., et al. The antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 56, no. 1 (2005): 228–31.

Genacias-Acuna, E. F. Active Leptospermum honey and negative pressure wound therapy for nonhealing postsurgical wounds. Ostomy Wound Manage 56, no. 3 (2010): 10–12.

Gethin, G., et al. Bacteriological changes in sloughy venous leg ulcers treated with manuka honey or hydrogel: an RCT. J Wound Care 17, no. 6 (2008): 241–44, 246–47.

Gethin, G., et al. Case series of use of manuka honey in leg ulceration. Int Wound J 2, no. 1 (2005): 10–15.

Gethin, G., et al. Manuka honey vs. hydrogel–a prospective, open label, multicentre, randomized controlled trial to compare desloughing efficacy and healing outcomes in venous ulcers. J Clin Nurs 18, no. 3 (2009): 466–74.

Gethin, G. T., et al. The impact of manuka honey dressings on the surface pH of chronic wounds. Int Wound J 5, no. 2 (2008): 185–94.

Gollu, A., et al. Effect of honey on intestinal morphology, intraabdominal adhesions and anastomotic healing. Phytother Res 22, no. 9 (2008): 1243–47.

Gottrup, F., et al. Current management of wound healing. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 144, no. 3 (2009): 217–28.

Gupta, A. K., et al. Role of antifungal agents in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 5, no. 6 (2004): 417–22.

Gurdal, M., et al. Predisposing factors and treatment outcome in Fournier’s gangrene. Analysis of 28 cases. Urol Int 70, no. 4 (2003): 286–90.

Hashemi B., et al. Comparison between topical honey and mafenide acetate in treatment of auricular burn. Am J Otolaryngol 32, no. 1 (2011): 28–31. E-pub (preprint) November 24, 2009.

Hendrickson, M. A. Utilizing active Leptospermum honey dressings in the treatment of cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis. Ostomy Wound Manage 56, no. 4 (2010): 10–12.

Henriques A., et al. Free radical production and quenching in honeys with wound healing potential. J Antimicrob Chemother 58, no. 4 (2006): 773–77.

Henriques A. F., et al. The intracellular effects of manuka honey on Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29, no. 1 (2010): 45–50.

Heppermann, B. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Bet 3. Honey for the symptomatic relief of cough in children with upper respiratory tract infections. Emerg Med J 26, no. 7 (2009): 522–23.

Holzgreve, H. Honey is better than aciclovir in herpes. MMW Fortschr Med 147, no. 3 (2005): 18.

Hon, J. Using honey to heal a chronic wound in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Nurs 14, no. 19 (2005): S4–10 passim.

Iftikhar F., et al. Effects of acacia honey on wound healing in various rat models. Phytother Res 24, no. 4 (2010): 583–86.

Ingle, R., et al. Wound healing with honey—a randomised controlled trial. S Afr Med J 96, no. 9 (2006): 831–35.

Irish, J., et al. Antibacterial activity of honey from the Autralian stingless bee Trigona carbonaria. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32, no. 1 (2008): 89–90.

Irish, J., et al. Honey has an antifungal effect against Candida species. Med Mycol 44, no. 3 (2006): 289–91.

Johnson, D. W., et al. The honeypot study of protocol: a randomized controlled trial of exit-site application of Medihoney antibacterial wound gel for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 29, no. 3 (2009): 303–9.

Jull, A., et al. Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg 95, no. 2 (2008): 175–82.

Jull, A. B, et al. Honey as a topical treatment of wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8, no. 4 (2008): CD005083.

Khan, F. R., et al. Honey: nutritional and medicinal value. Int J Clin Pract 61, no. 10 (2007): 1705–7.

Khanal, B., et al. Effect of topical honey on limitation of radiation-induced oral mucositis: an intervention study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 39, no. 12 (2010): 1181–85. E-pub (preprint) September 15, 2010.

Khoo, Y. T., et al. Wound contraction effects and antibacterial properties of tualang honey on full-thickness burn wounds in rats in comparison to hydrofibre. BMC Complement Altern Med 10 (2010): 48.

Kiefer, S., et al. (E,Z)-3-(3′,5′-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-indolinone blocks mast cell degranulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 40, no. 2 (2010): 143–47.

Koc, A. N., et al. Antifungal activity of Turkish honey against Candida spp. and Trichosporon spp: an in vitro evaluation. Med Mycol 47, no. 7 (2009): 707–12.

Kwakman, P. H., et al. How honey kills bacteria. FASEB J 24, no. 7 (2010): 2576–82.

Kwakman, P. H., et al. Medical-grade honey enriched with antimicrobial peptides has enhanced activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30, no. 2 (2011): 251–57. E-pub (preprint) October 7, 2010.

Kwakman, P. H., et al. Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro and eradicates skin colonization. Clin Infect Dis 46, no. 11 (2008): 1677–82.

Langemo, D. K., et al. Use of honey for wound healing. Adv Skin Wound Care 22, no. 3 (2009): 113–18.

Lay-flurrie, K. Honey in wound care: effects, clinical application and patient benefit. Br J Nurs 17, no. 11 (2008): S30, S32–36.

Lotfy, M., et al. Combined use of honey, bee propolis and myrrh in healing a deep, infected wound in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Br J Biomed 63, no. 4 (2006): 171–73.

Lusby, P. E., et al. Bactericidal activity of different honeys against pathogenic bacteria. Arch Med Res 36, no. 5 (2005): 464–67.

Lusby, P. E., et al. A comparison of wound healing following treatment with Lavandula × allardii honey or essential oil. Phytother Res 20, no. 9 (2006): 755–57.

Maeda, Y., et al. Antibacterial activity of honey against community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (CA-MRSA). Complement Ther Clin Pract 14, no. 2 (2008): 77–82.

Majtán, J. Apitherapy—the role of honey in the chronic wound healing process. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 58, no. 3 (2009): 137–40.

Majtan, J., et al. Effect of honey and its major royal jelly protein 1 on cytokine and MMP-9 mRNA transcripts in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 19, no. 8 (2010): e73–79.

Majtan, J., et al. Honeydew honey as a potent antibacterial agent in eradiation of multi-drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from cancer patients. Phytother Res 25, no. 4 (2011): 584–87. E-pub (preprint) September 29, 2010.

Majtan, J., et al. Is manuka honey the best type of honey for wound care? J Hosp Infect 74, no. 3 (2010): 305–6.

Makhdoom, A., et al. Management of diabetic foot by natural honey. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 21, no. 1 (2009): 103–5.

Martos, I., et al. Flavonoids in monospecific eucalyptus honeys from Australia. J Agric Food Chem 48, no. 10 (2000): 4744–48.

Mavric, E., et al. Identification and quantification of methylglyoxal as the dominant antibacterial constituent of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honeys from New Zealand. Mol Nutr Food Res 52, no. 4 (2008): 483–89.

McIntosh, C. D., et al. Honey dressing versus paraffin tulle gras following toenail surgery. J Wound Care 15, no. 3 (2006): 133–36.

Mercan, N., et al. Antimicrobial activity and pollen composition of honey samples collected from different provinces in Turkey. Nat Prod Res 21, no. 3 (2007): 187–95.

Merckoll, P., et al. Bacteria, biofilm and honey: a study of the effects of honey on “planktonic” and biofilm-embedded chronic wound bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis 41, no. 5 (2009): 341–47.

Miorin, P. L., et al. Antibacterial activity of honey and propolis from Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula against Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 95, no. 5 (2003): 913–20.

Misirlioglu, A., et al. Use of honey as an adjunct in the healing of split-thickness skin graft donor site. Dermatol Surg 29, no. 2 (2003): 168–72.

Moghazy, A. M., et al. The clinical and cost effectiveness of bee honey dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 89, no. 3 (2010): 276–81.

Molan, P. C. The evidence supporting the use of honey as a wound dressing. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 5, no. 1 (2006): 40–54.

Molan, P. C., et al. Using honey to heal diabetic foot ulcers. Adv Skin Wound Care 21, no. 7 (2008): 313–16.

Moolanaar, M., et al. The effect of honey compared to conventional treatment on healing of radiotherapy-induced skin toxicity in breast cancer patients. Acta Oncol 45, no. 5 (2006): 623–24.

Motallebnejad, M., et al. The effect of topical application of pure honey on radiation-induced mucositis: a randomized clinical trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 9, no. 3 (2008): 40–47.

Mphande A. N., et al. Effects of honey and sugar dressings on wound healing. J Wound Care 16, no. 7 (2007): 317–19.

Mullai, V., et al. Bactericidal activity of different types of honey against clinical and environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Altern Complement Med 13, no. 4 (2007): 439–41.

Mundo, M. A., et al. Growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens and food spoilage organisms by select raw honeys. Int J Food Microbiol 97, no. 1 (2004): 1–8.

Namias, N. Honey in the management of infections. Surg Infect (Larchmont) 4, no. 2 (2003): 219–26.

Nasir, N. A., et al. Antibacterial properties of tualang honey and its effect in burn wound management: a comparative study. BMC Complement Altern Med 10 (2010): 31.

Natarajan, S., et al. Healing of an MRSA-colonized, hydroxyurea-induced leg ulcer with honey. J Dermatolog Treat 12, no. 1 (2001): 33–36.

Ndayisaba, G., et al. Treatment of wounds with honey. 40 cases. Presse Med 21, no. 32 (1992): 1516–18.

Oduwole, O., et al. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20, no. 1 (2010): CD007094.

Okeniyi, J. A., et al. Comparison of healing of incised abcess wounds with honey and EUSOL dressing. J Altern Complement Med 11, no. 3 (2005): 511–13.

Oladejo, O. W., et al. A comparative study of the wound healing properties of honey and Ageratum conyzoides. Afr J Med Sci 32, no. 2 (2003): 193–96.

Olaitan, P. B., et al. Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr Health Sci 7, no. 3 (2007): 159–65.

Osuagwu, F. C., et al. Enhanced wound contraction in fresh wounds dressed with honey in Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). West Afr J Med 23, no. 2 (2004): 114–18.

Ousey, K., et al. Topical antimicrobial agents for the treatment of chronic wounds. Br J Community Nurs 14, no. 9 (2009): S6–10 passim.

Panknin, H. T. Wound management with medicinal honey: an effective alternative to antiseptics especially in young children. Kinderkrankenschwester 28, no. 1 (2009): 29–30.

Patton, T., et al. Use of a spectrophotometric bioassay for determination of microbial sensitivity to manuka honey. J Microbiol Methods 64, no. 1 (2006): 84–95.

Paul, I. M., et al. Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161, no. 12 (2007): 1140–46.

Pieper, B. Honey-based dressings and wound care: an option for care in the United States. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 36, no. 1 (2009): 60–66; quiz 67–68.

Rashad, U. M., et al. Honey as topical prophylaxis against radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer. J Laryngol 123, no. 2 (2009): 223–28.

Robson, V., et al. Standardized antibacterial honey (Medihoney) with standard therapy in wound care: randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs 65, no. 3 (2009): 565–75.

Robson, V., et al. Using leptospermum honey to manage wounds impaired by radiotherapy: a case series. Ostomy Wound Manage 55, no. 1 (2009): 38–47.

Rossiter, K., et al. Honey promotes angiogeneic activity in the rat aortic ring assay. J Wound Care 19, no. 10 (2010): 440, 442–46.

Rudzka-Nowak, A., et al. Application of manuka honey and GENADYNE A4 negative pressure wound therapy system in a 55-year old woman with extensive phlegmonous and necrotic lesions in the abdominal integuments and lumbar region after traumatic rupture of the colon. Med Sci Monit 16, no. 11 (2010): CS138–42.

Saber, A. Effect of honey versus intergel in intraperitoneal adhesion prevention and colonic anastomotic healing: a randomized controlled study in rats. Int J Surg 8, no. 2 (2010): 121–27.

Salomon, D., et al. Honey: from Noe to wound care. Rev Med Suisse 6, no. 246 (2010): 871–74.

Sare, J. L. Leg ulcer management with topical medical honey. Br J Community Nurs 13, no. 9 (2008): S22–26 passim.

Sayad, S. M., et al. Immune defense of rats immunized with fennel honey, propolis, and bee venom against staphylococcal infection. J Med Food 12, no. 3 (2009): 569–75.

Schumacher, H. H. Use of medical honey in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers after split-skin grafting. J Wound Care 13, no. 10 (2004): 451–52.

Shadkam, M. N., et al. A comparison of the effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine on nightly cough and sleep quality in children and their parents. J Altern Complement Med 16, no. 7 (2010): 787–93.

Sharp, A. Beneficial effects of honey dressings in wound management. Nurs Stand 24, no. 7 (2009): 66–72 passim.

Shukrimi, A., et al. A comparative study between honey and povidone iodine as dressing solution for Wagner type II diabetic foot ulcers. Med J Malaysia 63, no. 1 (2008): 44–46.

Simon, A., et al. Antibacterial honey (Medihoney) for wound care of immunocompromised pediatric oncology patients. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 1, no. 1 (2006): doc. 18.

Simon, A., et al. Wound care with antibacterial honey (Medihoney) in pediatric hematologyoncology. Support Care Cancer 14, no. 1 (2006): 91–97.

Staunton, C. J., et al. The use of honey as a topical dressing to treat a large, devitalized wound in a stumptail macaque (Macaca arctoides). Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 44, no. 4 (2005): 43–45.

Stephen-Haynes, J. Evaluation of a honey-impregnated tulle dressing in primary care. Br J Community Nurs Suppl (2004): S21–27.

Tan, H. T., et al. The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey. BMC Complement Altern Med 15, no. 9 (2009): 34.

Tanih, N. F., et al. An African perspective on Helicobacter pylori: prevalence of human infection, drug resistance, and alternative approaches to treatment. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103, no. 3 (2009): 189–204.

Temaru, E., et al. Antibacterial activity of honey from stingless honeybees (Hymenoptera; Apidae; Meliponinae). Pol J Microbiol 56, no. 4 (2007): 281–85.

Timm, M., et al. Immunomodulatory effects of honey cannot be distinguished from endotoxin. Cytokine 42, no. 1 (2008): 113–20.

Tonks, A. J., et al. A 5.8-kDa component of manuka honey stimulates immune cells via TLR4. J Leukoc Biol 82, no. 5 (2007): 1147–55.

Tonks, A. J., et al. Honey stimulates inflammatory cytokine production from monocytes. Cytokine 21, no. 5 (2003): 242–47.

Tshukudu, G. M., et al. Comparative in vitro study of honey based and silver based wound preparations on cell viability. Burns 36, no. 7 (2010): 1036–41.

Tushar, T., et al. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 100, no. 4 (2007): 269–72.

van den Berg, A. J., et al. An in vitro examination of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of buckwheat honey. J Wound Care 17, no. 4 (2008): 172–74, 176–78.

Van der Weyden, E. A. Treatment of a venous leg ulcer with a honey alginate dressing. Br J Community Nurs, June 2005, suppl.: S21–27 passim.

———. The use of honey for the treatment of two patients with pressure ulcers. Br J Community Nurs 8, no. 12 (2003): S14–20.

Visavadia, B. G., et al. Manuka honey dressing: an effective treatment for chronic wound infections. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46, no. 1 (2008): 55–56.

Visavadia, B. G., et al. Manuka honey dressing: an effective treatment for chronic wound infections. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46, no. 8 (2008): 696–97.

Wang, X. H., et al. Antimutagenic effect of various honeys and sugars against Trp-p-1. J Agric Food Chem 50, no. 23 (2002): 6923–28.

White, R. The benefits of honey in wound management. Nurs Stand 20, no. 10 (2005): 57–64: quiz 66.

Wijesinghe, M., et al. Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy. N Z Med J 122, no. 1295 (2009): 47–60.

Wilkinson, J. M., et al. Antibacterial activity of 13 honeys against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Food 8, no. 1 (2005): 100–103.

Wilson, V. Assessment and management of fungating wounds: a review. Br J Community Nurs 10, no. 3 (205): S28–34.

Yapucu, G., et al. Effectiveness of a honey dressing for healing pressure ulcers. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 34, no. 2 (2007): 184–90.

Yuzbasioglu, M. F., et al. Administration of honey to prevent peritoneal adhesions in a rat peritonitis model. Int J Surg 7, no. 1 (2009): 54–57.

Zeiger, B. The use of active Leptospermum honey dressings to re-initiate the wound healing process. Ostomy Wound Manage 56, no. 1 (2010): 10.

Zeina, B., et al. Effect of honey versus thyme on rubella virus survival in vitro. J Altern Complement Med 2, no. 3 (1996): 345–48.

Zhao, Y. L., et al. Effects of different extracts from radix isatidis lymphocytes of mice by biothermodynamics. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 31, no. 7 (2006): 590–93.

Juniper Berry

Akkol, E. K., et al. A comparative study on the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of five Juniperus taxa. J Ethnopharamacol 125, no. 2 (2009): 330–36.

Ali, S. A., et al. Protective role of Juniperus phoenicea and Cupressus sempervirens against CCI4. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 1, no. 6 (2010): 123–31.

Almaarri, K., et al. Volatile compounds from leaf extracts of Juniperus excels a growing in Syria via gas chromatography mass spectrometry±. Anal Methods 2 (2010): 673–77.

Al-Mustafa, A. H., et al. Antioxidant activity of some Jordanian medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes. Pak J Biol Sci 11, no. 3 (2008): 351–58.

Al-Qahtani, S. J., and M. Al-Shawaf. In vitro study effectiveness of Saudi plants’ extracts against selected microorganisms. Abstract of a poster presentation at the preliminary program for the Saudi Dental Society Annual Scientific Meeting and IADR–Saudi Arabian Section General Assembly Meeting, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, January 10–13, 2005. http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/saudi05/preliminaryprogram/abstract_71741.htm.

Angioni, A., et al. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Juniperus from ripe and unripe berries and leaves and their antimicrobial activity. J Agric Food Chem 51, no. 10 (2003): 3073–78.

Anonymous. Chinese medicine treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease research. Free Papers Download Center, August 4, 2009. http://eng.hi138.com/?i120068.

Anonymous. Chinese medicine treatment of depression status. Free Papers Download Center, June 19, 2008. http://eng.hi138.com/?i123796.

Anonymous. Juniper berry. Brief monograph in the herb encyclopedia maintained by Flora Manufacturing and Distributing. http://florahealth.com/herbal_encyclopedia_int.cfm (accessed March 22, 2011).

Anonymous. Totarol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totarol (accessed November 25, 2010).

Ateş, D. A., et al. Antimicrobial activities of various medicinal and commercial plant extracts. Turk J Biol 27 (2003): 157–62.

Barjaktaroviċ, B., et al. Chemical composition of Juniperus communis L. fruits supercritical CO2 extracts: dependence on pressure and extraction time. J Agric Food Chem 53, no. 7 (2005): 2630–36.

Bergner, P. Juniperus: are juniper berries a kidney irritant? Medical Herbalism 6, no. 2 (1994): 12.

Butani, L., et al. Amelioration of tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using juniper oil. Transplantation 76, no. 2 (2003): 306–11.

Caldecott, T. Juniperus communis, Pinaceae. http://toddcaldecott.com/index.php/herbs/learning-herbs (accessed November 22, 2010).

Chavali, S. R., et al. Increased production of TNF-alpha and decreased levels of dienoic eicosanoids, IL-6 and IL-10 in mice fed menhaden oil and juniper oil diets in response to an intraperitoneal lethal dose of LPS. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 59, no. 2 (1998): 89–93.

Clark, A. M., et al. Antimicrobial properties of heartwood, bark/sapwood and leaves of Juniperus species. Phytother Res 4, no. 1 (1990): 15–19.

Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). List of references supporting the assessment of Juniperus communis L., pseudo-fructus. European Medicines Agency, November 12, 2009. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_List_of_references_ supporting_the_assessment_report/2011/02/WC500102145.pdf.

Derwich, E., et al. Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. Int J Agric Biol 12 (2010): 199–204.

Diğrak, M., et al. Antimicrobial activities of several parts of Pinus brutia, Juniperus oxycedrus, Abies ciclicia, Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra. Phytother Res 13, no. 7 (1999): 584–87.

El Sawi, S. A., and H. M. Motawe. Labdane, pimarane and abietane diterpenes from the fruits of Juniperus phoenicea L. grown in Egypt and their activities against human liver carcinoma. Can J Pure Appl Sci 2, no. 1 (2008): 115–22.

El Sawi, S. A., et al. Chemical composition, cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. grown in Egypt. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 4, no. 4 (2007): 417–26.

Ennajar, M., et al. The influence of organ, season and drying method on chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Juniperus phoenicea L. essential oils. J Sci Food Agric 90, no. 3 (2010): 462–70.

Filipowicz, N., et al. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of juniper berry oil and its selected components. Phytotherapy Research 17 (2003): 227–31.

Filipowicz, N., et al. The phytochemical and genetic survey of common and dwarf juniper (Juniperus communis and Juniperus nana) identifies chemical races and close taxonomic identity of species. Planta Med 72, no. 9 (2006): 850–53.

Gavini, E., et al. Solid lipid microparticles (SLM) containing juniper oil anti-acne topical carriers: preliminary studies. Pharm Dev Technol 10, no. 4 (2005): 479–87.

Ghrabi, Zeineb. Juniperus phoenicia L. In A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa, 161–63. Malaga, Spain: IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation, 2005.

Gordien, A. Y., et al. Antimycobacterial terpenoids from Juniperus communis L. (Cuppressaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 126, no. 3 (2009): 500–505.

Jaiswal, R., et al. Totarol inhibits bacterial cytokinesis by perturbing the assembly dynamics of FtsZ. Biochemistry 46, no. 14 (2007): 4211–20.

Jimenez-Arellanes, A., et al. Activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mexican plants used to treat respiratory diseases. Phytother Res 17, no. 8 (2003): 903–8.

Johnston, W. H., et al. Antimicrobial activity of some Pacific Northwest woods against anaerobic bacteria and yeast. Phytother Res 15, no. 7 (2001): 586–88.

Jones, S. M., et al. Dietary juniper berry oil minimizes hepatic reperfusion injury in the rat. Hepatology 28, no. 4 (1998): 1042–50.

Karaman, F., et al. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. J Ethnopharmacol 85, no. 2–3 (2003): 231–35.

Karchesy, J. The literature of juniper utilization for oils and specialty products: a report to the Western Juniper Steering Committee. Corvallis: Oregon State University Department of Forest Products, April 1, 1998. http://juniper.oregonstate.edu/bibliography/documents/php80YmFy_literature.pdf.

Kozan, E., et al. Evaluation of some plants used in Turkish folk medicine against parasitic infections for their in vivo anthelmintic activity. J Ethnopharmacol 108, no. 2 (2006): 211–16.

Lamnauer, D. Juniperus oxycedrus L. In A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa, 157–160. Malaga, Spain: IUCN Center for Mediterranean Cooperation, 2005.

Lesjak, M. M., et al. Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf as a novel source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Food Chemistry 124, no. 3 (2010): 850–56.

Loizzo, M. R., et al. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antiviral activities of the essential oils of seven Lebanon species. Chem Biodivers 5, no. 3 (2008): 461–70.

Mahady, G. B., et al. In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Pytother Res 19, no. 11 (2005): 988–91.

Marino, A., et al. In vitro effect of branch extracts of Juniperus species from Turkey on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 59, no. 3 (2010): 470–76.

Martz, F., et al. Effect of latitude and altitude on the terpenoid and soluble phenolic composition of juniper (Juniperus communis) needles and evaluation of their antibacterial activity in the boreal zone. J Agric Food Chem 57, no. 20 (2009): 9575–84.

Miceli, N., et al. Comparative analysis of flavonoid profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the berries of Juniperus communis L. var. communis and Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. from Turkey. J Agric Food Chem 57, no. 15 (2009): 6570–77.

Moein, M. R., et al. Analysis of antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Juniperus excelsa M. B subsp. polycarpos (K. Koch) Takhtajan essential oil. Pharmacognosy Res 2, no. 3 (2010): 128–31.

Mossa, J. S., et al. Antimycobacterial constituents from Juniperus procera, Ferula communis and Plumbago zeylanica and their in vitro synergistic activity with isonicotinic acid hydrazine. Phytother Res 18 (2004): 934–37.

Nixon, D., and D. Hobbs. The use of totarol to treat acne in an adolescent: a case study. NZFP (New Zealand Family Physician) 33, no. 4 (2006): 1–3, 2006.

Orhan, N., et al. Effects of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus on tissue lipid peroxidation, trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe) and blood glucose levels in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 133, no. 2 (2011): 759–64.

Ottavioli, J., et al. Chemical variability of the needle oil of Juniperus communis ssp. alpina from Corsica. Chem Biodivers 6, no. 12 (2009): 2192–99.

Pankaj, K., et al. Identification of phytochemical content and antibacterial activity of Juniperus communis leaves. Int J Biotechnol Biochem 6, no. 1 (2004): 87–91.

Pepeljnjak, S., et al. Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae). Acta Pharm 55, no. 4 (2005): 417–22.

Pubget. [Juniperus articles and abstracts.] http://pubget.com (search for “juniperus”; accessed November 22, 2010).

Rezvani, S., et al. Analysis and antimicrobial activity of the plant Juniperus communis. Rasāyan J Chem 2, no. 2 (2009): 257–60.

Sadeghi-aliabadi, H., et al. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic effects of Juniperus foetidissima and Juniperus sabina extracts against a panel of cancer cells. Iran J Pharm Res 8, no. 4 (2009): 281–86.

Salido, S., et al. Chemical studies of essential oils of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. badia. J Ethnopharmacol 81, no. 1 (2002): 129–34.

Samoylenko, V., et al. Antiparasitic, nematicidal and antifouling constituents from Juniperus berries. Phytother Res 22, no. 12 (2008): 1570–76.

San Feliciano, A., et al. Antineoplastic and antiviral activities of some cyclolignans. Planta Med 59, no. 3 (1993): 246–49.

Sati, S. C., et al. Antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of Juniperus communis L. from Kumaun Himalaya. Afr J Microbiol Res 4, no. 12 (2010): 1291–94.

Schneider, I., et al. Inhibitory activity of Juniperus communis on 12(S)-HETE production in human platelets. Planta Med 70, no. 5 (2004): 471–74.

Smith, E. C., et al. The phenolic diterpene totarol inhibits multidrug efflux pump activity in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51, no. 12 (2007): 4480–83.

Van Slambrouck, S., et al. Effects of crude aqueous medicinal plant extracts on growth and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 17, no. 6 (2007): 1487–92.

Wanner, J., et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of selected essential oils and some of their main compounds. Nat Prod Commun 5, no. 9 (2010): 1359–64.

Webster, D., et al. Antimycobacterial screening of traditional medicinal plants using the microplate resazurin assay. Can J Microbiol 56, no. 6 (2010): 487–94.

Licorice

Acharya, S. K., et al. A preliminary open trial on interferon stimulator (SNMC) derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the treatment of subacute hepatic failure. Indian J Med Res 98 (1993): 69–74.

Adams, L. S., et al. Analysis of the interactions of botanical extract combinations against the viability of prostate cancer cell lines. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 3, no. 1 (2006): 117–24.

Agarwal, A., et al. An evolution of the efficacy of licorice gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. Anesth Analg 109, no. 1 (2009): 77–81.

Aiyegoro, O. A., et al. Use of bioactive plant products in combination with standard antibiotics: implications in antimicrobial chemotherapy. J Med Plants Res 3, no. 13 (2009): 1147–52.

Aly, A. M. Licorice: a possible anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 6, no. 1 (2005): E74–82.

Ambawade, S. D., et al. Anticonvulsant activity of roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Ind J Pharmacol 34 (2002): 251–55.

Anonymous. Glycyrrhiza. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycyrrhiza (accessed February 7, 2011).

Anonymous. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Altern Med Rev 10, no. 3 (2005): 230–37.

Anonymous. Glycyrrhiza L. Entry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=GLYCY (accessed February 7, 2011).

Anonymous. Glycyrrhiza lepidota. Entry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=GLLE3 (accessed December 20, 2011).

Anonymous. Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycyrrhiza_uralensis (accessed February 7, 2011).

Anonymous. Liquorice. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquorice (accessed February 7, 2011).

Aoki, F., et al. Clinical safety of licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) and pharmacokinetics of glabridin in healthy humans. J Am Coll Nutr 26, no. 3 (2007): 209–18.

Armanini, D., et al. Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with spironolactone plus licorice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 131, no. 1 (2007): 61–67.

Asl, M. N., et al. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res 22, no. 6 (2008): 709–24.

Badam, L. In vitro antiviral activity of indigenous glycyrrhizin, licorice and glycyrrhizic acid (Sigma) on Japanese encephalitis virus. J Commun Dis 29, no. 2 (1997): 91–99.

Barthomeuf, C., et al. Conferone from Ferula schtschurowskiana enhances vinblastine cytotoxicity in MDCK-MDR1 cells by competitively inhibiting P-glycoprotein transport. Planta Med 72, no. 7 (2006): 634–39.

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Red Root

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Reishi

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Rhodiola

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Sida

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Oudhia, P. Khareti or bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.). Fact sheet on the website of the NewCROP program at Purdue University, 2004. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/bala.html (accessed January 9, 2011).

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Usnea

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