NOTE: Page numbers followed by n refer to information in a numbered note. Titles of Andersen's works appear in his entry under the Danish title with an English translation in parentheses, elsewhere they are given in English. The works of other artists and writers appear at the end of their index entry.
adolescence and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii)
Adonis myth and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii)
Ainsworth, Harrison (i)n.7
Ainsworth, William (i), (ii), (iii)
airship travel (i)
Aladdin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Albert, Prince (i)
Ancher, Anna Brøndum (i)
Ancher, Michael (i)
Andersdatter, Anne Marie (mother) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
appearance in work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Andersdatter, Christiane (aunt) (i), (ii)
Andersen, Hans (father) (i), (ii), (iii)
appearance in work (i), (ii), (iii)
Andersen, Hans Christian
ambivalent feelings towards Germany (i), (ii)
character and sensibility
and artist's exceptionalism (i), (ii)
common sense and practicalities of travel (i)
and criticism as person and writer (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n.9
effusiveness (i)
empathy and support for marginalised groups (i)
lack of insight into Dickens family relations (i)
mindfulness of approaching death (i)
steadfastness (i)
suffering and injustices at Slagelse (i)
travel and ease with and interest in strangers (i)
trials of travelling with Jonas Collin (i)
as witness to public execution (i)
childhood and early youth (i), (ii), (iii)n.59
criticism from close quarters (i), (ii)
education in Odense (i)
family difficulties and poverty in early life (i)
influences (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
lack of schoolfriends (i)
precociousness in Odense (i), (ii)
publication of ‘Dying Child’ poem (i)
pursuit of cultural life in Copenhagen (i)
relations with Collin family (i), (ii), (iii)
self-belief and ability to impress (i), (ii)
self-published works (i), (ii)
Slagelse school as unhappy experience (i), (ii)
social life in Copenhagen (i)
‘Tallow Candle’ story and imagery (i)
tensions in relationship with Edvard Collin (i), (ii)
and Alpine grandeur (i)
on arrival in England (i)
and experiences in Parisian brothels (i)
and intimations of mortality (i), (ii)
on Italy and beginning The Improvisatore (i)
on Jonas Collin junior as travelling companion (i)
on leave-taking for travels (i)
on Naples (i)
personal and national darkness (i)
on realities of war (i)
on schooldays at Slagelse (i)
and stay with Dickens in 1857 (i)
‘Golden Age’ in Denmark and best work (i)
interest in technological progress (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
moral ambiguity in stories (i), (ii), (iii)
on Nordic mythology and future of Europe (i)
political context of work (i), (ii)
problems with teeth (i)
prolific range of works for stage (i)
published output (i)
relationships with women
and alter-ego Antonio in The Improvisatore (i), (ii)
friendships (i)
platonic friendship with Jenny Lind (i)
social class as barrier to marriage (i), (ii), (iii)
youthful unrequited love and work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
royal patronage and support (i), (ii), (iii)
bachelor status (i)
experiences in Paris brothels (i)
friends' concern over inexperience (i), (ii)n.75
gender identity issues (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
homosexuality and reading of ‘The Ugly Duckling’ (i)
transvestism in work (i), (ii)
sources for work
‘The Emperor's New Clothes’/El Conde Lucanor (i)
‘The Little Mermaid’/Undine (Fouqué) (i), (ii)
‘The Shadow’/Peter Schlemihl's Wonderful Story (Chamisso) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘The Travelling Companion’/Book of Tobit (i)
see also Scott: influence on Andersen
translations of work (i)
travels
early trip to Germany (1831) (i), (ii)
Europe (1833–1834) (i)
Europe and beyond by boat and train (1840–1841) (i), (ii)
limitations in final years (i)
Paris in 1860s (i)
travels with Jonas Collin junior (i), (ii)
see also travelogues below and individual countries
use of vernacular and mindset in work (i)
WORKS:
autobiographies
Levnedsbogen (The Book of Life/The Biography) (i), (ii), (iii)n.25
Das Märchen meines Lebens ohne Dichtung (The Fairy-Tale of My Life without Poetry) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Mit Livs Eventyr (My Fairy-Tale life) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n.4
see also Improvisatore, The; Only a Fiddler; O.T. and novels: Lykke-Peer below
dramas and stage works (i)
Bruden fra Lammermoor (The Bride of Lammermoor)(libretto) (i), (ii)
Festen paa Kenilworth (The Feast at Kenilworth)(libretto) (i)
Fuglen i Pœretrœet (The Bird in the Pear-Tree) (i)
Kjœrlighed paa Nicolai Taarn (Love on [St] Nicholas's Tower) (i)
Liden Kirsten (Little Kirsten)(libretto) (i), (ii), (iii)n.67
Maurerpigen (The Moorish Girl) (i)
The Mulatto (i)
Ravnen (The Raven) (singspiel) (i), (ii)
Røverne i Vissenberg i Fyn (The Robbers of Vissenberg in Fyn) (i)
newspaper prose-pieces
Literary Gazette letter on war over Schleswig-Holstein (i), (ii)
‘Om Aartusinder’ (‘Thousands of Years to Come’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
on painterly qualities of Skagen (i)
‘Svanereden’ (‘The Swan's Nest’) (i), (ii), (iii)
Notes for My Fairy Tales and Stories (i), (ii)
novels (i)
‘At vœre eller ikke vœre’ (‘To Be or Not To Be’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Christian den Andens Dvarf (Christian II's Dwarf)(unfinished) (i)
Lykke-Peer (Lucky Peter) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
De to Baronesser (The Two Baronesses) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
see also Improvisatore, The; Only a Fiddler; O.T.
poetry
Aarets tolv Maaneder, tegnet med Blœk og Pen (The Year's Twelve Months, drawn with ink and pen) (i)
Digte (Poems) (i)
‘Det døende Barn’ (‘The Dying Child’) (i), (ii)
‘Odense’ (i)
Phantasier og Skizzer (Fantasies and Sketches) (i)
verse tribute to Oehlenschläger (i)
self-publication of youthful works
Fodreise fra Holmens Canal til Østpynten af Amager i Aarene 1828 og 1829 (Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Point of Amager) (i), (ii)
Ungdoms-Forsøg (Youthful Attempts) (i), (ii)
songs
‘I Danmark er jeg født’ (‘In Denmark was I born’) (i)
‘Slagsang for de Danske’ (‘Battle Song for the Danes’) (i)
stories (collections)
Billedbog uden Billeder (Picture-Book Without Pictures)(prose sketches) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n.23
A Christmas Greeting to my English Friends (i)
Eventyr, fortalte for Børn (Fairy Tales Told for Children) (i), (ii), (iii)
Nye Eventyr. Andet Bind (New Fairy-tales. Second Volume) (i)
Nye Eventyr, Første Samling (New Fairy Tales, First Collection) (i)
Nye Eventyr og Historier. Anden Samling (New Fairy-Tales and Stories. Second Collection) (i)
Nye Eventyr og Historier. Fjerde Samling (New Fairy-Tales and Stories. Fourth Collection) (i)
Nye Eventyr og Historier. Tredje Samling (New Fairy-Tales and Stories. Third Collection) (i)
Tre nye Eventyr og Historier (Three New Fairy-Tales and Stories) (i), (ii)
stories (individual titles)
‘“Alt paa sin rette Plads!”’ (‘“Everything in Its Right Place!”’) (i)
‘Anne Lisbeth’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘Barnet i Graven’ (‘The Child in the Grave’) (i)
‘Bispen paa Børglum og hans Frænde’ (‘The Bishop of Børglum and His Kinsmen’) (i)
‘Dødningen, Et fynsk Folkeeventyr’ (‘The Ghost, a Fyn Folk Tale’) (i), (ii)
‘Dryaden’ (‘The Dryad’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Dynd-Kongens Datter’ (‘The Marsh-King's Daughter’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
‘Engelen’ (‘The Angel’) (i)
‘Fyrtøiet’ (‘The Tinder-Box’) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Den gamle Gadelygte’ (‘The Old Street Lamp’) (i)
‘Det gamle Huus’ (‘The Old House’) (i), (ii)
‘Gjenfærdet ved Palnatokes Grav’ (‘The Apparition at Palnatoke's Grave’) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Grantræet’ (‘The Fir Tree’) (i)
‘Den grimme Ælling’ (‘The Ugly Duckling’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘En Historie fra Klitterne’ (‘A Story from the Dunes’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
‘Historien om en Moder’ (‘The Story of a Mother’) (i)
‘Hønse-Grethes Familie’ (‘Chicken Grethe's Family’) (i), (ii)
‘“Hun duede ikke”’ (‘“She was no good”’) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Hvad Fatter gør, det er altid det Rigtige’ (‘What Father does is always right’) (i)
‘Hvad hele Familien sagde’ (‘What the Whole Family Said’) (i)
‘Hvad man kan hitte paa’ (‘What one can think of’) (i), (ii)
‘Hvad Tidselen oplevede’ (‘What the thistle experienced’) (i)
‘Hyldemoer’ (‘Elder-mother’) (i)
‘Iisjomfruen’ (‘The Ice Maiden’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
‘Keiserens nye Klæder’ (‘The Emperor's New Clothes’) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Klods-Hans’ (‘Clumsy Hans’) (i)
‘Lille Claus og store Claus’ (‘Little Claus and Big Claus’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Den lille Havfrue’ (‘The Little Mermaid’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
‘Den lille Idas Blomster’ (‘Little Ida's Flowers’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Den lille Pige med Svolvstikkerne’ (‘The Little Match-Girl’) (i)
‘Lykkens Kalosker’ (‘The Galoshes of Fortune’) (i)
‘Metalsvinet’ (‘The Bronze Pig’) (i)
‘Nattergalen’ (‘The Nightingale’) (i)
‘Nissen hos Spekhøkeren’ (‘The Goblin at the Grocer's’) (i), (ii)
‘Det nye Aahundredes Musa’ (‘The New Century's Muse’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Oldefader’ (‘Great-grandfather’) (i)n.23
‘Prinsessen paa Ærten’ (‘The Princess on the Pea’) (i), (ii)
‘Reisekammeraten’ (‘The Travelling Companion’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘De røde Skoe’ (‘The Red Shoes’) (i), (ii)
‘Skyggen’ (‘The Shadow’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
‘Sneedroningen’ (‘The Snow Queen’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
‘Springfyrene’ (‘The Jumpers’) (i)
‘Den standhaftige Tinsoldat’ (‘The Steadfast Tin Soldier’) (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Den store Søslange’ (‘The Great Sea Serpent’) (i), (ii)
‘Tællelyset’ (‘The Tallow Candle’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘Tante Tandpine’ (‘Auntie Toothache’) (i)
‘Tommelise’ (‘Thumbelina’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘Den uartige Dreng’ (‘The Naughty Boy’) (i)
‘Under piletræet’ (‘Under the Willow-tree’) (i), (ii)n.9
‘Det Utroligste’ (‘The Most Incredible Thing’) (i), (ii)
‘Vanddraaben’ (‘A Drop of Water’) (i)n.23
‘Venskabspakten’ (‘Friendship's Pact’) (i)
‘De vilde Svaner’ (‘The Wild Swans’) (i), (ii)
‘Vinden fortæller om Valdemar Daae og hans Døtre’ (‘The Wind tells [the story] of Valdemar Daae and his Daughters’) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
travelogues
airship tour in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i)
Et Besøg i Portugal (A Visit to Portugal) (i)
En Digters Bazaar (A Poet's Bazaar) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
I Spanien (In Spain) (i), (ii)
I Sverrig (In Sweden) (i)
Skyggebilder af en Reise til Harzen (Shadow Pictures from a Journey to the Harz Mountains) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Andersen, Jens (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
androgyny and cross-dressing in work (i), (ii)
Ansgar, Saint (i)
Apocrypha: Book of Tobit (i)
Arabian Nights stories (i), (ii), (iii)
Aladdin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Arlecchino see Harlequin figure in work
Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen (i), (ii), (iii)
Askgaard, Ejnar Stig (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Athens (i)
Aubigny, Julie d’ (La Maupin) (i)
Augustenborg, Duke of (i), (ii)
Austen, Jane: Mansfield Park (i)
Bagger, Carl (i), (ii), (iii)n.12
Baggesen, Jens (i), (ii), (iii)
Labyrinten (Labyrinth) (i), (ii), (iii)
Balder in Norse mythology (i)
Balke, Peder (i)n.16
La Comédie humaine (i)
Le père Goriot (i)
Bang, Herman (i)n.60
Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin de (i)
Beethoven, Ludwig van: ‘Pastoral Symphony’ (i)
Benedictsson, Victoria (i)n.1, (ii)n.60
Bentley, Richard (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bentley, Walter Alwyn (i)
Bentley's Miscellany (magazine) (i), (ii), (iii)n.7
Berlingske Tidende (newspaper) (i)
Berman, Patricia G. (i)
Bettelheim, Bruno (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bible
and science in ‘To Be or Not To Be’ (i)
story of Moses in the bulrushes (i), (ii)
story of Road to Emmaus (i)
see also Apocrypha
Bindesbøll, Michael Gottlieb (i)
Birckner, Michael Gottlieb (i)n.31
Bismarck, Otto von (i), (ii), (iii)
Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne (i), (ii)n.67, (iii)n.60
Blicher, Steen (i)
Blunck, Ditlev Conrad (i)
boat journey through Eastern Europe (i)
Bøgh, Erik (i)
Bøgh, Nicolai (Nikolaj) (i)
Bohemia (i)
Boieldieu, François: La Dame blanche (i), (ii)
Boner, Charles (i)
Brandes, Georg
appreciation of Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Illustreret Tidende essay on stories (i), (ii)
on ‘The Ugly Duckling’ ending (i)
and Modern Breakthrough movement (i), (ii)n.1
on Zola (i)n.40
Bredal, Ivar (i)
Bredsdorff, Elias (i)
Bremer, Fredrika (i), (ii), (iii)
Briggs, Katharine (i)
Britain
airship trip in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
Andersen's visit (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
English translations of work (i)
Brodersen, Anne Marie (i)n.96
Brontë, Charlotte: Jane Eyre (i), (ii), (iii)
Brontë, Emily: Wuthering Heights (i), (ii)
Bronzino, Agnolo (i)n.7
Brooks, Shirley (i)
Brorson, Hans Adolf (i)
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett (i), (ii)
Browning, Pen (i)
Browning, Robert (i)
‘Two in the Campagna’ (i)
Bulgaria (i)
Bull, Ole (i)
Bunkeflod, Madame (pastor's wife) (i), (ii)
‘The Prisoner of Chillon’ (i)
Cammarano, Salvatore (i)
Carl Alexander, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (i), (ii)
Caroline Amalie, queen of Denmark (i), (ii), (iii)
Carsten, Fedder: school (i)
Chamisso, Adelbert von (i), (ii)
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Frauenliebe und – Leben (A Woman's Love and Life) (i)
Peter Schlemihls wundersame Geschichte (Peter Schlemihl's Wonderful Story) (i), (ii)
as template for ‘The Shadow’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Charles X, king of France (i), (ii)
Christian VIII, king of Denmark (i), (ii)
Christian IX, king of Denmark (i)
Christianity
and civilisation (i)
connotations in work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Denmark and Grundtvig's inclusive Christian outlook (i), (ii), (iii)
Nature and Spirit in ‘The New Century's Muse (i)
and science in ‘To Be or Not To Be’ (i), (ii)
theological debate in ‘To Be or Not To Be’ (i)
see also Bible
Christmas tree tradition in Europe (i)
civilisation
Christianity and growth of civilisation in ‘The Marsh-King's Daughter’ (i)
and Nature in ‘The Dryad’ (i)
and self in ‘The Ice Maiden’ (i)
Claudius, Matthias (i)
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (i)
Collin, Edvard
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
account of Andersen's life (i), (ii)
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
dedications of work to (i)
reckoning with in ‘The Shadow’ (i), (ii), (iii)
sensibilities of class (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
tensions in relationship (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
likeness to son Jonas (i)
marriage and family life (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Collin, Gottlieb (i)
Collin, Henrietta Christina (Jette) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n.31, (viii)n.32
Collin, Ingeborg see Drewsen, Ingeborg
Collin, Jonas (Edvard's father) (i), (ii)
as Andersen's guardian and patron (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Andersen's letters on Slagelse schooldays (i), (ii)
Andersen's standing with family (i), (ii)
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii)
death (i)
as ‘Golden Age’ figure (i), (ii), (iii)
as Kantian scholar (i)
Collin, Jonas (Edvard's son) (i), (ii), (iii)
as Andersen's travelling companion (i), (ii), (iii)
Collin, Louise (later Lind) (i), (ii), (iii)n.68
Andersen's feelings for (i), (ii)
Collins, Wilkie: The Frozen Deep (with Dickens) (i)
Columbine figure in work (i)
commedia dell'arte characters (i)
and A Poet's Bazaar (i)
and ‘The Shadow’ (i)
Constanţa (Tomis) (i)
Copenhagen and Andersen's youth
patronage and schooling (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
pursuit of cultural life (i)
Royal Theatre (i), (ii), (iii)
Copernicus, Nicolas (i)
Cornelius, Peter von (i), (ii)n.13
cross-dressing in work (i), (ii)
Dahl, Johan Christian (i), (ii)
Danish language (i)
Darwin, Charles (i), (ii), (iii)
David, Caroline (i)
Denmark
Andersen's views in ‘The Swan's Nest’ (i), (ii)
‘Golden Age’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Grundtvig's contribution to culture of (i), (ii), (iii)
inclusive Christian outlook (i), (ii), (iii)
Kierkegaard on national vanity (i), (ii)
and Napoleonic wars (i), (ii), (iii)
nationalism and search for essential Denmark (i)
as new nation in The Two Baronesses (i)
and Schleswig-Holstein Question (i)
First Schleswig War (Three Years War, 1848–1850) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Second Schleswig War (i)
see also Copenhagen and Andersen's youth; Fyn; Jutland; Skagen
Deutscher Bund (German Confederation) (i), (ii), (iii)
admiration for Andersen's stories (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Andersen dedicates works to (i), (ii)
Andersen as guest in Dickens household (i), (ii)
extended stay and view of household (i)
and Andersen and Scott (i)
Andersen's first meeting with (i), (ii)
and Bentley (i)n.7
Bleak House (i)
A Christmas Carol (i)
‘A Christmas Tree’ (i)
David Copperfield (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and The Improvisatore (i), (ii)
The Frozen Deep production (with Collins) (i)
Great Expectations (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Hard Times (i)
A Tale of Two Cities (i)
Dickens, Charles (junior) (i)
Dickens, Walter Landor (i)
Dobroslavich, Marco (i)
Donizetti, Gaetano: Lucia di Lammermoor (i)
Drachmann, Holger (i), (ii), (iii)n.60
Drewsen, Adolph (i), (ii), (iii)
Drewsen, Einar (i), (ii), (iii)
Drewsen, Harald (i)
Drewsen, Ingeborg (née Collin) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n.68
Drewsen, Viggo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.68
Drewson, Jonna (later Stampe) (i), (ii)n.68, (iii)n.31
‘drikke Dus’ (‘to drink Dus’) ceremony (i), (ii), (iii)
Dumas, Alexandre (père) (i)
Dürer, Albrecht (i)
‘East of the Sun and West of the Moon’ (Norwegian fairy tale) and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii), (iii)
Edinburgh (i)
Ekman, Kerstin: Händelser vid vatten (Events by Water) (i)
Eliot, T.S.: The Waste Land (i)
England see Britain
erotic
androgyny and cross-dressing in work (i), (ii)
Eros and Thanatos in ‘The Ice Maiden’ (i), (ii)
Gerda's innocence in ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Mabille setting and ‘The Dryad’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and Marie Grubbe's life story (i)
Steffen-Karreet in Only a Fiddler (i), (ii)
see also Andersen, Hans Christian: sexual reticence
evil: trolls in work (i), (ii), (iii)
evolutionary theory (i)
Exposition Universelle, Paris (1867) (i), (ii)
Fearnley, Thomas (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n.16, (vi)n.28
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (i), (ii), (iii)
Fielding, Henry (i)
Finland (i)
flowers
and Jacobsen (i)
and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii), (iii)
Fœdrelandet (The Fatherland)(newspaper) (i), (ii)
Føhr: Andersen's stay on (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Folk High Schools (i)
folklore and the sea (i)
footwear and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
Forster, E.M.: Howard's End (i)
Fouqué, Friedrich Freiherr de la Motte: Undine and ‘The Little Mermaid’ (i), (ii)
France
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) (i)
July Revolution (1830) (i), (ii), (iii)
and political context of O.T. (i)
progress and Exposition Universelle (1867) (i)
revolutions in 1848 (i)
in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
see also Paris
Frazer, Sir James Gordon: The Golden Bough (i)
Frederik VI, king of Denmark (i)
Frederik VII, king of Denmark (i), (ii)
Frederik of Nør, Prince (i), (ii)
Freud, Anna (i)
Friedrich, Caspar David (i)n.16
Fyn
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
see also Odense
Gade, Niels (i)
Elverskud (The Elf-King's Daughter) (i)
Galland, Antoine (i)
Gancheva, Vera (i)
Garborg, Arne (i)n.60
Gautier, Théophile (i)
Mademoiselle de Maupin (i)
gender identity
Andersen's issues with (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii), (iii)
German Confederation (Deutscher Bund) (i), (ii), (iii)
Germany
Andersen's visits (i)
1831 travels and Shadow Pictures (i), (ii)
and anti-Danish sentiment in 1861 (i)
Christmas tree tradition (i)
landscape of fairy tales (i), (ii)
railway building in (i)
and Schleswig-Holstein Question (i), (ii), (iii)
in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
see also Prussia
Gifford, Henri (i)
Gilmour, David (i)
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (i)
Wilhelm Meister (i)
‘Golden Age’ in Denmark (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Goldoni, Carlo: Arlecchino (Harlequin) (i), (ii)
Goncourt, Edmond de (i)
Goncourt, Jules de (i)
Gozzi, Carlo: Il Corvo (i), (ii)
Graugaard, Christian (i)n.40
Greville, Charles Cavendish Fulke (i)
Grieg, Edvard (i)
Grillparzer, Franz (i)
Grimm, Wilhelm (i)
Grimm Brothers' stories (i)
‘The Frog King’ (i)
‘Hänsel and Gretel’ (i)
Grubbe, Marie (i)
Grundtvig, N.F.S. (i), (ii), (iii)
contribution to Danish culture (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
founding of Folk High Schools (i)
and Norse myth (i), (ii), (iii)
and ‘To Be or Not To Be’ (i), (ii)
Gundersø, Niels Jørgensen (Gundersen) (i)
Gutzkov, Karl (i)
Gyldenløve, Ulrik Christian (i)
Gyldenløve, Ulrik Frederik (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Hanck, Henriette (i)
Hansen, Anders (paternal grandfather) (i), (ii)
Harlequin figure and work (i), (ii), (iii)
Hartmann, Emma (daughter of J.P.E.) (i)n.75
Hartmann, Emma (wife of J.P.E.) (i)
Hartmann, J.P.E. (i), (ii), (iii)
Harz Mountains (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Hauch, Carsten (i), (ii), (iii)n.11
Heiberg, J.L. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n.5
Heiberg, Johanne (i), (ii), (iii)n.5
Heimann, Sara (i)n.14
Heine, Heinrich (i), (ii), (iii)
Andersen's meeting with in Paris (i), (ii), (iii)
on German landscape and fairy tales (i)
and German public opinion (i)
influence of poetry on Andersen (i), (ii), (iii)
Henriques family (i)
Herculaneum, Italy (i), (ii), (iii)
Hertz, Henrik (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Gjengangerbreve (Letters from a Ghost) (i)
Høeg, Stygge (Sti) (i)
Hoffmann, E.T.A. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Die Abenteuer der Silvester-Abend’ ‘The Adventures of New Year's Eve’ (i)
Die Elixiere des Teufels (The Devil's Elixir) (i)
Der Goldne Topf (The Golden Pot) (i), (ii), (iii)
Nussknacker und Mausekönig (Nutcracker and Mouse King) (i), (ii), (iii)
Hogarth, Georgina (i)
Hogg, James: The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (i)
Holberg, Ludvig (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
and Marie Grubbe (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Hopkins, Gerard Manley (i)
Houret, Jules (i)
Howitt, Mary (i), (ii), (iii)n.25
human nature in ‘The Shadow’ (i)
Huysmans, Joris-Karl: À Rebours (Against Nature) (i)
Ibsen, Henrik (i), (ii)n.1, (iii)n.60
Et Dukkehjem (A Doll's House) (i)
Fruen fra havet (The Lady from the Sea) (i)
Gengangere (Ghosts) (i)
Improvisatore, The (Improvisatoren)(novel) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
and Dickens's David Copperfield (i), (ii)
ending (i)
English translation (i)
importance of place in (i)
and Italy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
portrayal of women (i)
Tieck as influence (i), (ii)n.45
truncated German edition (i)n.6
incestuous themes (i)
Ingemann, B.S. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Andersen's letter on ‘The Little Mermaid’ (i), (ii)
Italy
Andersen's visits to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
commedia dell'arte characters (i), (ii)
and improvisatore tradition (i)
influence on The Improvisatore (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
northern strangers in in ‘The Shadow’ (i)
in O.T. (i)
in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
see also Naples; Rome
Iversen, Herr (printer) (i)
Jacobsen, J.P.: Fru Marie Grubbe (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
James, M.R. (i)
Jason and the Argonauts and Black Sea voyage (i)
Jespersen, Knud J.V. (i)
Jews and Andersen's affinity with (i), (ii), (iii)
Jones, W. Glyn (i)n.1
Jørgensen, Aage (i)
Juan Manuel, Infante Don: El Conde Lucanor (Count Lucanor) (i)
July Revolution (1830) (i), (ii), (iii)
Jung, Carl Gustav (i)
Jutland
Andersen's visit (i), (ii), (iii)
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
see also Schleswig-Holstein; Skagen
Juul, Maren (i)
Kalevala (Finnish epic poem) (i)
Kant, Immanuel (i), (ii), (iii)
Kaulbach, Wilhelm (i)
Keller, Gottfried (i)
Key, Ellen (i)n.60
Kielland, Alexander (i)n.60
Kierkegaard, Søren
Andersen's feeling towards and appearance in work (i)
on Christian VIII (i)
criticism of Only a Fiddler (i), (ii), (iii)
on Danish national vanity (i), (ii)
Kind, Johann Friedrich (i)n.29
Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post (Copenhagen's Flying Post) (i)
Kleist, Heinrich von (i)
Knopf, Daniel (i)
Kongelige Teater, Det see Royal Theatre, Copenhagen
Krøyer, P.S. (i)
Küchler, Albert (i)
Kun en Spillemand see Only a Fiddler
La Fontaine, Jean de (i)
Læssøe, Frederik (i)
Læssøe, Signe (i)
Lagerlöf, Selma: Nils Holgerssons underbara resa (Nils Holgersson's Wonderful Journey) (i)
Lamartine, Alphonse de (i), (ii)
landscape of fairy tales (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
language
Danish language (i)
in Schleswig-Holstein and islands (i)
Language of Flowers (i)
Lapp people (i)
Lawrence, D.H.: Sons and Lovers (i)
Leavis, Q.D. (i)n.19
Lederer, Wolfgang (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Lehmann, Orla (i), (ii)n.2, (iii)n.69
Leipzig (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Leopardi, Giacomo: ‘La Ginestra o Il Fiore del Deserto’ (‘Broom or the Flower of the Desert’) (i)
Lie, Jonas (i)n.60
Lind, Jenny (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Linnaeus, Carl (i)
Literary Gazette (periodical): Andersen's letter (i), (ii)
Liunge, A.P. (i)n.32
Lohmeyer, Charles Beckwith (i)
London: Andersen's visit (i), (ii)
London Protocol (1852) (i)
Lönnrot, Elias: Kalevala (i)
Lorca, Federico Garcia: Poeta en Nueva York (Poet in New York) (i)
Lorck, Carl B. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Lortzing, Albert (i)
Louis Philippe, king of the French (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ludwig, Otto (i)n.42
Lund, Jørn (i)n.40
Lundbye, Johan Thomas (i), (ii)
Mackie, Erin (i)n.100
Madsen, Annette (i)
male adolescence and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
Malibran, Maria Felicita (i), (ii)
Mann, Thomas (i)
Mantua (i)
Marco, Adam (i)
Marker, Frederick J. (i), (ii)n.32, (iii)n.23, (iv)n.5
Marx, Karl (i)
Massengale, James (i), (ii), (iii)
Masson, Georgina (i)
master–servant relations in ‘The Shadow’ (i)
Maupin, La (Julie d'Aubigny) (i)
Maximilian II, king of Bavaria (i)
Meisling, Simon (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
memory and ‘The Old House’ (i)
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n.75
Meyer, Agnes E. (i)
Meyerbeer, Giacomo (i)
Robert le diable (i)
Modern Breakthrough movement (Det moderne Gennembrud) (i), (ii)n.1
Molière (i)
Møller, Søren Sørensen (i), (ii), (iii)
Moretti, Franco (i)
Mosen, Julius (i)
Moses in the bulrushes story (i), (ii)
Müller brothers (i)
Musset, Alfred de (i)
Mylius, Johan de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.32
myth
and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
see also Nordic mythology
Naples (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Napoleon I, emperor of France (i), (ii), (iii)
Napoleon III, emperor of France (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Napoleonic Wars (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n.18
nationalism
Danish nation as result of Second Schleswig War (i)
Kierkegaard on Danish national vanity (i), (ii)
and search for essential Denmark (i)
Naturalism in literature (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Nazism (i)
Needham, Joseph (i)
Neoplatonism (i)
Nielsen, Carl (i)
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (i), (ii)n.1
Nilsson, Christina (i)
Nommensdatter, Anne Cathrine (paternal grandmother) (i), (ii)
Nordic mythology
and future of Europe (i)
and ‘The Marsh-King's Daughter’ (i)
and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii)
Norske Folkeeventyr (Norwegian Fairy Tales) (i), (ii), (iii)
Norway and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii)
Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenburg) (i)
Novella form (German) (i), (ii)
Obrenović, Miloš, Prince of Serbia (i)
Odense: Andersen's birth and childhood in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n.59
Odense Theatre (i)
Odense Tugthus (O.T.)(gaol) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Oehlenschläger, Adam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.11
and Andersen's literary aspirations (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii)
death and Andersen's tribute to (i), (ii)
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii)
as ‘Golden Age’ figure (i), (ii)
Aladdin (poetic drama) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n.18
O'Neill, George (Jorge) (i), (ii)
Only a Fiddler (Kun en Spillemand)(novel) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
and Andersen's childhood (i), (ii)
Andersen's father in (i), (ii)
godfather as ambiguous figure (i), (ii), (iii)
Kierkegaard's criticisms (i), (ii), (iii)
moral opacity (i)
Naomi as Christian's soul-mate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Naomi's romances and travels (i)
and pogroms in Denmark (i), (ii), (iii)
and ‘Steadfast Tin Soldier’ (i)
Steffen-Karreet as ill-fated prostitute (i), (ii)
storks in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
uneven narrative structure (i), (ii), (iii)
ørsted, Anders Sandøe (i)n.23, (ii)n.31
ørsted, H.C. (Hans Christian) (i), (ii), (iii)
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii)
estimation of Andersen's stories (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
as ‘Golden Age’ figure (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Aanden i Naturen (The Spirit of Nature) (i), (ii), (iii)
Osiris myth and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
O.T. (novel) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Edvard Collin in (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
France and political context (i), (ii)
importance of place in (i)
Louise Collin in (i)
and Odense Tugthus (gaol) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
portrayal of women (i)
selective narrative structure (i)
social class and relationships in (i), (ii), (iii)
Otto, king of Greece (i)
Ottoman Empire (i), (ii), (iii)
Overbeck, Friedrich (i)n.13
Palmerston, Lord (i)
Paris
Andersen's visits
experiences in brothels (i)
and Universal Exposition (i)
as context for work (i)
July Revolution (1830) (i), (ii), (iii)
in Only a Fiddler (i)
protests in 1848 (i)
Universal Exposition (1867) (i), (ii)
Paris Commune (i)
Pasternak, Boris: Doctor Zhivago (i)
Peachey, Caroline (i)
Pforr, Franz (i)n.13
place
Danish countryside in Andersen's work (i), (ii)
in fairy tales
Andersen's fairy tales (i), (ii), (iii)
generic landscape of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
see also Fyn; Jutland
Plougmand, Carl (i)n.2
Plum family of Fyn (i)
Poetische Realismus (i)
Pompeii, Italy (i), (ii), (iii)
Portugal (i)
Prussia
Andersen's 1831 travels (i)
Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) (i)
war with Denmark (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
see also Germany
psychoanalytical readings
‘The Ice Maiden’ (i)
‘The Shadow’ (i)
‘The Steadfast Tin Soldier’ (i)
‘The Tallow Candle’ (i)
Pulcinella figure in work (i)
Rahbek, Kamma (i)n.29
Rahbek, Knud Lyne (i)
Ranieri, Antonio (i)
Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (i)
reindeer and Sami people (i)
Reitzel, C.A. (publisher) (i), (ii)n.25
religion see Christianity
resurrection myths and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
Reventlow, Count (i)
and The Improvisatore (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Scandinavian artists in (i), (ii), (iii)
in ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
Rosenvinge, Daniel (i)
Rosenvinge, Karen Marie (half-sister) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.100
Rossel, Sven Hakon (i)
Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio (i)
Guglielmo Tell (i)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (i)
Royal Theatre, Copenhagen (Det kongelige Teater) (i), (ii), (iii)
Sachs, Hans (i)
Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin (i)
Sami people (i)
and reindeer (i)
Saxon Switzerland (i), (ii), (iii)
Scharff, Harald (i)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (i), (ii)n.42
Schiller, Friedrich von
Die Räuber (The Robbers) (i)
Wilhelm Tell (i)
Schlegel, August von (i)
Schlegel, Friedrich von (i)
Schleswig-Holstein
disputes over (i)
war with Prussia over (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Schumann, Robert (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Scotland: Andersen's visit (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Scott, Sir Walter (i), (ii), (iii)
common ground with Andersen and Dickens (i)
influence on Andersen (i)
The Bride of Lammermoor (i), (ii), (iii)
The Heart of Midlothian (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
informs visit to Scotland (i), (ii)
librettos to Scott's works (i)
Rob Roy (i)
influence on Ingemann (i)
as source for Boieldieu's La Dame blanche (i), (ii)
Scribe, Eugène (i), (ii), (iii)n.69
Scudder, Horace E. (i), (ii)n.25
sea and sea creatures in folk tales (i)
Serbia (i)
Shakespeare, William (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Lear's parallels with Wuthering Heights (i)n.19
Shelley, Percy Bysshe (i)
shoes and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
Siboni, Giuseppe (i)
Simpson, Robert (i)
and school of painters (i)
Skram, Amalie (i)n.60
Slagelse Grammar School, Copenhagen (i), (ii), (iii)
Smollett, Tobias
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (i)
Roderick Random (i)
Sir Launcelot Greaves (i)
social class
acceptance by English aristocracy (i)
and Collin family (i), (ii), (iii)
and friendship with Edvard Collin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
and ‘The Ice Maiden’ (i)
and marital prospects (i), (ii), (iii)
and relationships in O.T. (i), (ii), (iii)
and ‘The Shadow’ (i), (ii), (iii)
and ‘The Steadfast Tin Soldier’ (i), (ii)
and The Two Baronesses (i)
and ‘The Ugly Duckling’ (i)
Sonderbund and Sonderbundskrieg (1847) (i)
Sørensdatter, Anne (maternal grandmother) (i), (ii)
Spencer, Herbert (i)
Spinoza, Baruch (i)
Spitsbergen and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i), (ii)
Staël, Madame de (i)
Corinne (i)
Stampe, Henrik (i)
Steiner, George (i)
Stendhal: Le rouge et le noir (i), (ii)
storks
dead stork on travels in Constanţa (i)
in ‘The Marsh-King's Daughter’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
in Only a Fiddler (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Storm, Theodor (i)
Strauss, David Friedrich (i)
Stravinsky, Igor: Le Baiser de la fée (The Fairy's Kiss) (i)
Strindberg, August (i), (ii)n.60
Sturluson, Snorri (i), (ii), (iii)
Sutherland, John (i)
Sweden (i)
Switzerland
Andersen's visits and influence on work (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
history as model country (i)
as landscape and character in ‘The Ice Maiden’ (i)
William Tell as folk hero (i)
Tacitus (i)
Tammuz myth and ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
Tatar, Maria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n.13
technological progress
and ‘The New Century's Muse’ (i)
and ‘Thousands of Years to Come’ (i), (ii)
and Universal Exposition in Paris (1867) (i)
Tell, William (i)
Tennyson, Alfred: Locksley Hall (i), (ii)
Thackeray, William Makepeace (i), (ii), (iii)
Thiele, Just Mathias (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thiers, Adolphe (i)
Thomas, Ambroise: Hamlet (i), (ii)
Thomson, James: City of Dreadful Night (i)
Thomson, Stith: folk tale categories (i)
Thorvaldsen, Bertel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.28
in Andersen's work (i), (ii), (iii)
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Thousand and One Nights, The see Arabian Nights stories
Three Years War (Treårskrigen)(1848–1850) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Tieck, Ludwig (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n.13
friendship with Andersen (i), (ii), (iii)
influence on Andersen's Improvisatore (i), (ii)n.45
Die Elfen (The Elves) (i)
Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (Franz Sternbald's Wanderings) (i)
Märchendramen (fairy-tale plays) (i), (ii)
Peter Leberecht (i)
Die Schöne Melusine (The Beautiful Melusine) (i)
Tobit, Book of (i)
Tolstoy, Leo (i)n.33
War and Peace (i)
transvestism in work (i), (ii)
trolls as force for evil (i), (ii), (iii)
Turgenev, Ivan (i)
Fathers and Sons (i)
Universal Exposition, Paris (1867) (i), (ii)
utilitarianism: Andersen's rejection of (i), (ii), (iii)
Valkeapää, Nils-Aslak (i)
Vesuvius (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Victoria, Princess (later Queen) (i), (ii)
Voigt, Riborg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich (i), (ii)n.13
Wagner, Richard
Andersen's views on and meeting with (i)
anti-Semitic writing (i)
domination of musical landscape (i)
Zukunftsmusik (Music of the Future) (i)
Wallachia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
War of the Sixth Coalition (i)
Weber, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von (i)
Der Freischütz (i)
Weimar, Grand Duke and Duchess of (i), (ii), (iii)
Welty, Eudora (i)n.6
Wendepunkt in German novella (i)
Wilhelm I, king of Prussia (i)
Wilhelmine, Countess of Holsteinborg (i)
Winther, Matthias (i), (ii), (iii)n.16
women
equality with men in Andersen's work (i)
moral heroism in ‘The Snow Queen’ (i)
self-abasing altruism of ‘The Little Mermaid’ (i)
sexual independence in story of Marie Grubbe (i)
‘Thumbelina’ and situation of women (i), (ii)
Wordsworth, William (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
The Prelude (i)
Wulff, Henriette (i)n.57
Wulff, Henriette (née Weinholdt) (i), (ii)n.57
Wulff, Commodore Peter Frederik (i), (ii), (iii)
Wullschlager, Jackie (i), (ii), (iii)nn.26&31, (iv)n.108
York: influence on Andersen's work (i)
Zola, Emile: Thérèse Raquin (i)