Music examples
1.1
Gloria Christe tuo tibi personat in benedicto
, twelfth responsory for matins of St Benedict in an eleventh-century antiphoner from St-Maur-des-Fossés (
F-Pn
fonds lat. 12044, fol. 63r)
1.2
Alleluia. Ascendens Christus
, in a thirteenth- or fourteenth-century Parisian gradual (
F-Pn
fonds lat. 1337, fol. 158v)
1.3
Comparison of the Gregorian and Old Roman melodies for the antiphon
O mors ero mors tua
in
F-Pn
fonds lat. 12044, fol. 99r and
I-RVat
ASP B 79, fol. 102v
2.1
Opening of
Sancti Spiritus adsit nobis gratia
(
CH-SGs
383, p. 85)
2.2
Sixth and seventh versicles of
Sancti Spiritus adsit nobis gratia
(
CH-SGs
383, pp. 86–7)
2.3
Opening of
Templum cordis adornemus
(
F-Pn
fonds lat. 14817, fol. 60r)
3.1a
Musica Enchiriadis
, Chapter 15,
Sit gloria Domini
, diaphony at the fifth with octave doublings
3.1b
Guido of Arezzo,
Micrologus
, Chapter 19,
Ipsi soli
, flexible diaphony at the fourth
3.2
Winchester organum,
Alleluia. Ascendens Christus
through first phrase of verse (principal voice,
GB-Ob
Bodley 775, fol. 79v; organal voice,
GB-Ccc
473, fol. 167r)
3.3a
Ad organum faciendum
, modes of organum I, II, III and V on incipit of
Alleluia. Justus ut palma
3.3b
Ad organum faciendum
, beginning of verse,
Alleluia. Justus ut palma
3.4a
Aquitanian versus
Per partum virginis
, first couplet (
GB-Lbl
add. 36881, fol. 4r)
3.4b
Aquitanian versus
Per partum virginis
, last couplet and final verse (
F-Pn
fonds lat. 3549, fol. 151v)
3.5a
Consonance reduction, first phrase,
Per partum virginis
(see Example 3.4a)
3.5b
Consonance reduction, final melisma of
Per partum virginis
(see Example 3.4b)
3.6
First line,
Per partum virginis
, two versions (B =
F-Pn
fonds lat. 3549, f. 150v; D =
GB-Lbl
add. 36881, fol. 4r)
3.7a
Codex Calixtinus, opening of matins responsory
O adjutor
(
E-SC
, fol. 217r/188r). Plainchant continuation, fol. 110v.
3.7b
Codex Calixtinus, first part of verse, responsory
O adjutor
(
E-SC
, fols. 217v/188v)
4.1
Two-part conductus
sine caudis, Virtus moritur
, 1–20 (
I-Fl
Plut. 29.1, fols. 322r–322v)
4.2
Two-part conductus
cum caudis, Luget Rachel iterum
, 1–68 (
I-Fl
Plut. 29.1, fols. 359v–360)
4.3
Luget Rachel iterum
. Text, translation and analysis
4.4
Text of gradual
Constitues eos. V. Pro patribus
4.5
Two-part organum
Constitues eos. V. Pro patribus
, V. 1–65. (
I-Fl
Plut. 29.1, fols. 121v–122r)
4.6a
Two-part clausula
[Immo]latus est
, 1–39 (
I-Fl
Plut. 29.1, fol. 158r)
4.6b
Two-part motet
Immolata paschali victima / Latus
, 1–39 (
I-Fl
Plut. 29.1, fols. 411r–411v)
4.7
Immolata paschali victima / Latus
. Analysis of motetus text
4.8a
Two-part motet
Amis vostre demoree / Pro patribus
, 26–46 (
F-MOf
H. 196, fol. 249r)
4.8b
Monophonic song: Moniot d'Arras,
Amours me fait renvoisier et chanter, refrain
(
F-Pn
fonds fr. 844, fol. 118v)
4.9
Three-part motet
Aucun ont trouvé chant par usage / Lonctans me sui tenu / Annun[tiantes]
, 1–16 (
F-MOf
H. 196, fols. 273r–274r)
7.1
First part of
Angelorum glorie / Pacem bonis
(Benedicamus trope) (
I-Ao
13, fol. 85r)
7.2
First part of
Credo Regis
(cantus fractus) by Robert of Anjou (
I-PAac
F-09, fols. 140v–148)
7.3
Refrain and three stanzas of the lauda
Venite a laudare
(
I-CT
91, fol. 1r)
8.1
Jacopo da Bologna,
Non al so amante
(
F-Pn
fonds italien 568, fols. 4v–5r)
8.2
Nella foresta
(caccia) (
I-REas
Mischiati Fragment, fol. Av)
8.3
Gherardello da Firenze,
I’ vo’ bene
(
I-Fl
Palatino 87, fol. 29r)
12.1
Can vei la lauzeta
(‘When I see the lark’) by Bernart de Ventadorn (Hendrik van der Werf and Gerald A. Bond, eds.,
The Extant Troubadour Melodies: Transcriptions and Essays for Performers and Scholars
[Rochester, NY: authors, 1984], pp. 62–71)
12.2
Li noveaus tanz et mai et violette
(‘The new season, May, the violet’) by the Châtelain de Couci (
F-Pn
fonds fr. 12615, fol. 155r)
12.3
Jolietement m'en vois; jolietement
(‘Happily I go; happily’) (
The Montpellier Codex
, ed. Hans Tischler, trans. Susan Stakel and Joel C. Relihan, 4 vols., Recent Researches in the Music of the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance 2–8 [Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1978–85]; hereafter
Mo
;
Mo
260, vol. III, pp. 78–9)
12.4a
En mai, quant rosier sont flouri / L'autre jour, par un matin / Hé
, 12.4b
resvelle toi [Robin]
(‘In May with rose bushes blooming / The other day, in morningtide / Hey, wake up Robin’) (
Mo
269, vol. III, pp. 93–5)
14.1
Anon., respond of
Exsurge domine
, a Gregorian gradual of ca800
14.2
Hildegard of Bingen, beginning of
In principio
, 1140s
14.3
Anon., sequence
Fulgens preclara
, ninth century
14.4
Anon., versus
Ortum floris
, twelfth century
14.5a
Guido, modified parallel organum at the fourth below from
Micrologus
, ca1025
14.5b
Anon., reciting tone for a Christmas matins lesson, ca 1300
14.5c
Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas 9, fol. 54v, from the sequence
Victime paschali laudes
14.5d
London, British Library, Additional 16975, fol. 166, from the hymn
Conditor alme siderum
14.6a
Anon.,
Nobilis humilis
14.6b
Anon.,
Laudes deo
, troped lesson from Christmas midnight mass, mid fourteenth century
14.6c
Anon.,
Ave celi regina virginum
14.7
Anon., clausula on
Nostrum
, early thirteenth century
14.8
Guillaume de Machaut, refrain of virelai
Se je souspir
, mid fourteenth century
14.9
Giovanni da Firenze, first text line of madrigal
Nel meço
, mid fourteenth century
14.10
Anon., conductus
Soli nitorem
, early thirteenth century
19.1
Philippe Royllart, end of first
talea
of motet,
Rex Karole / Leticie, pacis / Virgo prius ac posterius