abolitionists, 35
opposition to, 148, 166, 303, 304, 306, 312
Abraham, Levi, 44
Adams, James, 222
Addams, Jane, 267
adoption programs, 109–10, 225, 234, 236, 238, 256–65
African Americans, 1, 16, 24–25, 33, 46, 91, 304, 343, 346
churches of, 241
dances of, 172–75
fraternal organization of, 186–87
Irish fear of economic competition with, 306, 312
liaisons of Irish women with, 263
mixing of whites and, 26, 36, 197–99
murders of, 226–27
politics and, 163
riots against, 7–13, 27-29, 32, 314–17
tenement apartments of, 91–93, 97
violence among, 222
African-American Mutual Relief Hall, 11
Ah Chung, 415
Ahamlish (Ireland), 50, 56, 58–59
Alexis, Grand Duke, 190
Alienist, The (Carr), 3
Allaire, James P., 81
Allen, Mary Ann, 392
Almack’s dance hall, 172–73, 198–99; see also Pete Williams’s place
American Female Guardian Society and Home for the Friendless, 237
American Female Moral Reform Society, 244
American Guard, 30
American Notes (Dickens), 32, 172, 198
American-Republican party, 281
ancestor worship, 417
Appo, George Washington, 120, 220, 230, 389–94
Appo, Quimbo, 389–96
Arch Block, 353
Arena saloon, 182
boardinghouses for, 80
in Five Points population, 112
Ashdor, Heinrich (Henry Astor), 15
Asians, 336; see also Chinese
assimilation, 422–23
Assing, William, Jr., 423
Astor family, 15
Astor Place Riot (1849), 166, 180, 290
Atak, Mig, 401
Atlantic Garden, 177
Auburn State Prison, 393
Baggott, Johanna, 129
Baker, Lew, 275
Baker, Moses, 196
Ballagher, Jack, 197
Bandits’ Roost, 358–60, 383–84, 426, 433
banks, 137–40
Italian, 371–72
Bank of the United States, 27
Baptiste, John, 96
bare-knuckle prizefights, see boxing
Barlow, Benjamin R., 264
Barnard, George G., 323
Barnum’s Museum, 42
Barr, Mary Ann, 258
Battle with the Slum, The (Riis), 432
Bedell, Gregory T., 248
beer halls, 177
Bellows, George, 72
Belmont, August, 305
Bennett, William, 56
Berlin, Irving, 437
Bertram, Harriet, 230
Big Flat, 435
Binns, Jonathan, 55
“blackface” minstrels, 189
Blackwell’s Island prison, 227, 228
Blackall, Edward, 218
Blas, Meyer, 221
boardinghouses, 77–80, 94, 128
garment work in, 117
Bobo, William H., 233
Bonane (Ireland), 53, 64, 138, 449n
Boole, Francis I., 318
Boot and Shoemakers’ Association, 118
bootblacks, 109, 130, 132–33, 139
theatergoing by, 190–91
bordellos, see prostitution
Bottle Alley, 93, 354–56, 358, 426, 433
Bowery B’hoys and G’hals, 1, 178–83, 188–90, 284, 346
Bowery Boy Riot (1857), 269–70, 277, 281–93, 297, 440
Bowery Theater, 10, 175, 185, 188–89
bowling, 195–96
Bowling Green Savings Bank, 331
Boyle, Hugh, 318
Boyne, Battle of the, 185
Brace, Charles Loring, 103, 109, 132, 194, 251, 350, 352, 364
Brady, Mathew, 235
Breen, Matthew P., 182, 195, 320, 333, 334
Brennan, Hannah, 164
Brennan, Margaret Molony, 169
Brennan, Matthew T., 164–71, 186, 261, 293, 320–21, 323
appointed police captain, 167–68, 170
and Bowery Boy Riot, 286–87, 289, 291, 292
downfall of, 331–34
elected city controller, 309–10
and Engine Company No. 21, 146, 159, 165, 185, 270
Foote supported by, 159–62, 166
Kerrigan and, 274, 275, 277, 283
Monroe Hall saloon of, 159, 194, 202, 243
in Tammany hierarchy, 296, 309, 318–20, 328, 336
Brennan, Owen, 146, 164, 165, 202, 323
Brennan, Timothy, Jr., 165
Brennan, Timothy, Sr., 164
Brennan Guards, 186
Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk (Broadway show), 175
Bristol, Sherlock, 143
Brooks, Preston, 307
Brophy, Michael, 146
brothels, see prostitution
Brotherhood of San Rocco of Savoia di Lucania, 384
Bryant, William Cullen, 214
Buchanan, James, 36, 76, 167, 306–7
Buddhism, 412
building codes, 347
Bull Run, Battle of, 308
Bull’s Head Tavern, 14
Buntline, Ned, 2
Burke, John, 70
Burlingame Treaty, 421
Burr, Aaron, 201
Burrows, Edwin G., 290
apprentices to, 180
Byrnes, “Big Tom,” 313–14, 317, 375
California gold rush, 180, 206, 390
California Workingmen’s Party, 398
Callahan’s dance hall, 436
Calyo, Nicholas, 179
Canada, Irish immigration to, 58–60, 64
Capone, Al, 437
Carr, Caleb, 3
Carson, Alfred, 185
Casey, Owen, 50
Casey, Richard, 226
Castle Garden immigration depot, 338
Catholic Young Men’s Association, 413
charitable activities of, 234, 265, 267–68
Chinese and, 393, 413, 414, 418, 419
ethnic diversity of, 344
and Protestant charities, 245–46, 249, 250, 252–54, 256, 262
school subsidies for, 154–55, 331
views on slavery of, 303, 304, 311; see also Irish
Catlin, George, 25–26
Caunt, Bob, 203
cellar lodging houses, 78–80, 94, 350–52, 356, 429
cesspools, 85–86
chain migration, 44
Chanfrau, “Hen,” 166
Chatham Street Chapel, 9–10
Chatham Theater, 8–9, 175, 189, 190
Child, Lydia Maria, 34
children: abandonment of, 224–25
abused and neglected, 106–9
adoption of, see adoption programs
of alcoholic parents, 4, 106–8, 130, 133, 231
in brothels, 210
drinking by, 232
enslaved as street musicians, 362–67, 370
at Five Points House of Industry, 235–40
immigration of, 44–45
at mission day school, 247
mortality rate for, 358–59
in notorious tenements, 354
occupations of, 129–33
scavenging for coal by, 88, 107
sleeping arrangements for, 75–76
Children’s Aid Society, 103, 109, 132, 133, 251, 257, 364, 366, 367, 433
Chin, Kaimon, 402
Chinese, 1, 2, 378, 389–423, 429, 432n, 436–41
assimilation of, 422–23
clubhouses of, 397
housing for, 404–6
intermarriage of Caucasians and, 389, 390, 394, 406, 411, 414, 419–20
occupations of, 396, 397, 400–404
proselytizing among, 418–19
religious institutions of, 417–18
restaurants of, 406–8, 436, 438
restrictions on immigration and naturalization of, 421–22
Riis on, 426
Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, 416
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 419
Choate, Joseph H., 421
Churchill, James, 119
cigars, manufacturing and peddling, 400–401
Civil War, 83, 129, 140, 181, 236, 305, 307–14, 333
casualties in, 265
charities during, 244
Chinese in, 422
decline in Five Points population during, 343
Draft Riots during, 314–18
politics during, 147, 171, 271, 296, 309–11, 313
ragpickers during, 376
return migration during, 135
Clancy, John, 146, 170–71, 328
and Bowery Boy Riot, 280, 289, 290
elected county clerk, 293–96
Clark, James, 325
Clay, Henry, 143
Cline, Elizabeth, 258
clothing: charitable distribution of, 254, 267, 308
manufacture of, see needle trades
second-hand, peddling of, 119
washing, 83–85
coal, scavenging for, 88, 107, 133
coal stoves, 88
Colfax, Schuyler, 10
Collect Pond, 14–20, 46, 67, 91
colonization movement, 9
Columbia College, 170
Common Council, 15, 21, 22, 155
Confucianism, 417
Congregationalists, 428
Congress, U.S., 27, 158, 164, 293, 298, 306, 314, 421, 422, 435, 438
Connell, William, 226
Connolly, Tim, 201
Connor, Margaret, 122
Consolidated Chinese Benevolent Association, 440
Constitution, U.S., 27
construction trades, 113
Conway, Michael and Bridget, 44
Conway family, 78
Cooper Union, Lincoln’s speech at, 235, 229–40
Corcoran, Michael, 308
Corrigan, Archbishop Michael A., 380–82, 386, 388
corruption: police, 228–29, 394
Coulthardt Brewery, 15
Coulthardt family, 67
counterfeiting, 393
County Democracy, 335–36
Cow Bay, 24, 91–93, 98, 220, 343, 348, 357, 423, 433, 434
African Americans in, 12, 46, 91–92, 97, 316
dance halls in, 197
Italians in, 367
rents charged for apartments in, 102
Crimean War, 186
Crocker, Charles, 398
Croker, Richard, 336
Crolius, Clarkson, Jr., 156, 157
Crolius pottery works, 15
Crowley, Katie, 413–14
Crown’s Grocery, 192–93, 209, 226, 231
Cuddy, Edward, 324–25
Cuneo, Pasquale, 368
Custer, Gen. George Armstrong, 189
Cutter, Osman and Margaret, 219
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., 213–15, 288, 292
dance halls, 1, 172–73, 175, 196–200, 346, 436
lodging in, 79–80
mixing of races in, 26, 36, 197–99
Davenport, John I., 326
Davis, John, 124
Dayton, Elizabeth, 209
Dead Rabbits gang, 284–89, 292, 310; see also Roche Guard
Decker, Wilhelm, 227–28
Delmonico’s restaurant, 436
Democratic party, 3, 26–27, 76, 148–58, 206, 272, 279, 395
and Bowery Boy Riot, 269–71, 292
Brennan’s career in, 164–69, 293, 319–20, 328, 332
during Civil War, 297, 309–11, 313
Clancy’s prominence in, 170–71, 293–96
Donoho’s career in, 148–49, 152–53, 155, 331
Dowling’s rise in, 169–70
and election riots, 27–29, 156–57
factional struggles in, 277–78
Kelly-Foote contest in, 158–64
Kerrigan and, 274–75, 298, 299, 301
machine of, see Tammany Hall
newspapers allied with, 20, 155, 322, 340
police corruption and, 228
in presidential elections, 36, 143, 305, 324–25
primaries of, 149–52
radical, 179
Devier, Hugh and Catharine, 91
Devins, John, 219
Diamond, John, 174–75
Dickens, Charles, 2, 32–34, 36, 172–73, 195, 198, 236
Dodwell, George, 52
Doheny, Michael, 54
Dolan, Peter, 353
domestic servants, 122, 123, 126–28, 134, 376
children of, 262
prostitution as alternative for, 216, 217
training of, 251–52
Donaho, John, 218
Donahue, Catherine, 260
Donoho, Constantine J., 148–49, 151–53, 155, 157, 158, 166, 167, 171, 271, 275, 320, 331
Donovan’s Lane, 391–92, 397, 410
Dooley’s Long Room, 150–52, 166, 275
Doscher, Herman, 225
Doscher, John, 225–26
Doty, Phoebe, 217
Douglas, Stephen A., 306–7
Douglass, Frederick, 166
Dowdican, Denis, 221
Dowling, Joseph, 146, 169–70, 186, 229, 274, 280, 289, 293, 310–11, 320–21, 328, 334, 392
Draft Riots (1863), 305, 314–18
Dred Scott decision (1857), 307
drunkenness, 4, 23–24, 105, 136, 207, 230–33, 353
effect on families of, 106–8, 130, 133, 231, 256
fires and, 91
and giving up children for adoption, 258–61
murder and, 225–26
prostitution and, 216
“dumbbell” tenements, 347–48
Durante, Jimmy, 437
Dwyer, Mary Ann, 123
Eastman, Monk, 437
elections: importance of spectacle in, 162
intimidation and violence during, 141, 143, 153–54, 156, 162, 201, 277, 333
location of polling places, 168
riots during, 27–29, 145, 154–58, 277, 203, 295
voter fraud in, 321–27
Ellingham, Bob, 173
Ellis Island, 373
Emancipation Proclamation, 311
Emigrant Savings Bank, 111, 137–38, 432n
Emmons, John, 151
Empire Club, 143, 144, 166, 206
Encyclopedia of New York City, The, 3
Engine Company No. 21, 146, 165, 169, 183–85, 227–28, 270
English, 106, 116, 127, 184, 232
entertainers, street, 177–78
Episcopalians, 241, 247, 248, 251
Equal Rights League, 421
evangelical Christians, 243–44
Evans, Jacob, 224
Everson, William, 222
factories, see manufacturing
family associations, Chinese, 416
Fannin, Eleck, 182
Farmer, Patrick, 104
Farragut, David G., 422
fencing of stolen goods, 119–20, 221–22
Fenians, 291, 300–301, 329, 394
Ferris, James, 9, 31, 155–56, 161
filibusterers, 275–76
Fillmore, Millard, 36
Finney, Charles G., 9
fires: fighting, see volunteer fire companies
tenement, 89–91
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 164
Fitzgerald, Michael, 146
Fitzpatrick, Bridget, 222
Fitzpatrick, Catherine, 390, 391
Five Points House of Industry, 88, 92, 103, 197, 207, 208, 216, 248, 250–55, 265–67
adoption program of, 109, 225, 256–62, 264
alcoholics treated by, 230
children aided by, 130, 210, 231, 232, 237–40
Cow Bay replaced by, 343
fund-raising by, 255
Lincoln’s visit to, 235–27
Sunday school of, 252–54
temperance requirements of, 255
vocational training at, 251–52
Five Points intersection expanded to six streets, 345
street names changed, 105
Five Points Mission, 88, 122, 134, 139, 245–56, 265–67, 418
adoption program of, 109–10, 225, 256–60, 264
alcoholics treated by, 230–31
Catholic criticism of, 255–56
Chinese proselytized by, 418
during Civil War, 308
employment program of, 246–47
establishment of, 245
food and clothing distributed by, 254
fund-raising by, 255
Old Brewery purchased and razed by, 70, 71, 248–49, 266, 343
temperance requirements of, 255
Five Points neighborhood, boundaries of, 17n
Five Points Union Mission, 244–45
Five Points Temperance House, 248
Fletcher, Mary, 390–91
flophouses, 79–80
Florentine, Abraham, Jr., 281
Flying Dragons, 440
Flynn, Mary, 138
Flynn, Thomas, 218
Foley, Tom, 437
fongs, 415–16
Fong Yue Ting, 421–22
food, 439
charitable distribution of, 254, 267
Chinese, 406–8
Italian, 368–69
food-service trades, 113
Fordham University, 274
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 305
Foster, George G., 34, 92, 179–80, 188, 192, 197–99, 208, 209, 213, 215, 217, 233
Fox, John, 313
Fox family, 78
Francis, Ann, 219–20
Franciscan brotherhood, 388
fraternal lodges, 186
Freighthandlers Union, 378
Frémont, John, 36
French, 127
fruit vendors, 375–76
Gallagher, Barney, 290
gambling, 1, 142, 143, 176, 182, 200, 336, 346
in saloons, 195–96
battles between firefighters and, 185
political, 156, 269–71, 313, 333
rioting by, see Bowery Boy Riot
Gangs of New York (Asbury), 2, 3
Gannon, Ann, 222
garment workers, see needle trades
Garrison, William Lloyd, 166
Geary Act (1892), 421
Genet, Henry W., 332–33
Germans, 1, 42, 44–46, 232, 344
assimilation of, 422
boardinghouses of, 80
groceries operated by, 193
politics and, 294
and prostitution, 212
tenement apartments of, 92–93, 97
Ghost Shadows, 440
Giblin, Bridget, 128
Gilje, Paul, 29
Gilmartin, Martin, 277
Glance at New York, A (Baker), 189
Glass, James, 227–28
Glass, John, 227–28
Goff, Patrick, 324
Goldsmith, Caroline, 220
Gon She, 420
Gordon, Robert, 218
Gore Booth, Robert, 49, 51, 52, 54–61, 135–36
Gotham (Burrow and Wallace), 3, 290
Gotham Court, 435
Grand Duke’s Opera House, 190–91
Greeley, Horace, 115, 125, 251
Green, Asa, 31
groceries: Chinese, 402–3
liquor sold by, 26, 191–93, 232
Grote, Caspar, 317
Guardian Savings Bank, 331
Gunther, Godfrey C., 318
Hagerty, Daniel and Mary, 96
Haley, Daniel, 96
Hall, Robert, 104
Halliday, Samuel B., 236–40, 244, 257, 263–64
Hamilton, Alexander, 201
Hampton, Gen. Wade, 142
Hancock, Joe, 221
Hang, William A., 422
Hare, Mary, 258–59
Harrington, Ellen, 137
Harrington, Timothy, 196
Harrison, Mary, 259
Hartley, Robert H., 244
Harvey, Thomas, 285
Haswell, Charles, 81, 93, 177, 180, 188–89
Healey, Owen, 111
Helper, Hinton, 36
Hendrick, William H., 324
Heney, Bridget, 223–24
Hennessy, Elizabeth, 316
Henry, Edward, 184
Higgins, James, 227–28
Higgins, William, 44
Hines, Lewis, 434
Hip Sing tong, 437
Hogan, John, 313
Hogan, Patrick and Mary, 78
Holland, Ellen “Nellie,” 38–41, 44, 50, 64, 93, 95, 139, 354
Hood, Thomas, 125
Hope Hose Company No. 50, 183–84
Horbelt, Marcus, 284–87
Hot Corn (Robinson), 129–30
House of Lords, British, 60
House of Representatives, U.S., 35, 36, 300, 336
How the Other Half Lives (Riis), 342, 356, 357, 429–31, 441
Howard, Harry, 294
Hoy, Mary, 219
Hughes, Archbishop John, 154, 156, 265, 304, 308, 311
Hughes, John and Mary, 44
Hull House, 267
Humphrey, Moses, 181
hurling, 186
Hynes, Mary, 128
immigrants, 16, 18, 19, 36, 42–47, 80, 435–36
assimilation of, 422–23
Democratic party’s friendliness to, 148
fraudulent voting by, 321–24
occupations of, 111–13
saloons frequented by, 194
wages of, 103; see also specific nationalities
Impending Crisis of the South (Helper), 36
intermarriage: of Chinese and Caucasians, 389, 390, 394, 406, 411, 414, 419–20
of Jews and gentiles, 242
Irish, 1, 2, 19, 38–46, 50, 135–37, 183, 343, 353, 368, 375, 392, 396, 423, 432n, 439
adoption of children of, 259, 263–65
antipathy to Chinese of, 397, 398, 404–6, 414–15
as Bowery B’hoys, 181
boxing by, 201–6
in Civil War, 308
counties of origin of, 48–49
dances of, 173–75
decline in Five Points population of, 343, 344
drunkenness among, 232, 390, 391
effect of cold on, 87–88
financial success of, 137–40
fraternal organizations of, 186–88
infanticide by, 224
intermarriage of Chinese and, 389, 390, 394, 414, 420
liaisons of African Americans and, 263
lodgers taken in by, 77–78
militia companies of, 185–86
occupations of, 111, 113, 114, 119–21, 123, 126–29, 132, 370, 376, 377
in police department, 279–81
in politics, 4, 144, 145, 147, 150, 155–58, 164–71, 268–70, 273, 276, 278, 293–96, 318, 322, 329, 333, 335, 438
prejudice against, 4, 128, 136
as prostitutes, 210–12, 217, 218
as rape victims, 223–24
reasons for immigration of, 50–66
religious antagonism between Italians and, 378–82, 387–88
in revolt against British rule, 300–301, 304
rioting and, 27–32, 290–92, 305, 314–18
as saloonkeepers, 193–95
as sporting men, 182
tenement apartments of, 76, 91–98, 102, 104
theatergoing by, 188
views on slavery of, 303, 304, 306, 311
in volunteer fire companies, 184
Italians, 1, 2, 44, 45, 232, 336, 343–45, 367–88, 391, 396, 397, 400, 404, 432n, 436
assimilation of, 422–23
children sold to labor contractors by, 362–66
conflict between Chinese and, 440
foods of, 368–69
gangs of, 437
hometown societies of, 188
of Mulberry Bend, 357–59
occupations of, 132, 367, 369, 370, 373–77
prejudice against, 4
religious antagonism between Irish and, 378–82, 387–88
Riis on, 426
street festivals of, 382–87
tenement apartments of, 75, 76, 92, 95, 96
Ives, Levi Silliman, 265
Ivins, William M., 147, 150, 168, 320
Jack, John, 218
Jewett, Helen, 212
Jews, 1, 2, 45, 46, 97, 232, 241–43, 378, 392, 396–98, 440
boxing by, 201
gangs of, 437
increase in Five Points population of, 344
in labor movement, 378
occupations of, 113–14, 118–21
and Protestant charities, 252, 254, 256
Riis on, 426
Johnson, Reverdy, 300
Johnston, Bridget, 128
Jolson, Al, 436
Jolson, Harry, 436
Jones, Jenny, 213
Jourdan, John, 293, 310–11, 315, 333
joss houses, 417–18
Journeymen Tailors’ Protective Union, 117–18
Juba, see William Henry Lane
Julius the Street Boy (Alger), 191
Kavan family, 78
Kaylor, Elsie, 411
Kearney, Denis, 398
Kellogg, Francis W., 36
Kelly, Ann, 127
Kelly, Judge, 263
Kelly, Patrick, 158–67
Kenmare (Ireland), 38–39, 41, 54, 56, 62, 135, 449n
Kenmare Hurlers, 186
Kennedy, Bernard, 218
Kernan, Frank “Florry,” 148, 150–52, 158, 166, 167, 177, 182, 187, 196, 197
Kerrigan, James E., 182, 274–78, 283, 284, 287, 292–94, 297–302
Kerry, County (Ireland), 38–39, 49, 50–57, 61–63, 77, 92, 98, 102, 135, 139–40
Kerry Men’s Society, 188
Kincaid, Joseph, 59
Know Nothing party, 36, 181, 268, 279–82, 290, 292, 306
Knox, Reuben, 221
Kohler, Frederick D., 153, 158
kung saw, 416
Kunz, Ignatz, 80
laborers, 111, 113, 120–21, 136, 137
seasonal employment of, 114–16, 120–21
Laborers’ Union Benevolent Association, 121
La Guardia, Fiorello, 438
Lane, Johnny “Hammer,” 202
Lane, William Henry “Juba,” 173–75
Lansdowne, Marquis of, Irish estate of, 38–39, 49–55, 61–65
immigrants from, 39–40, 63–65, 77, 93–96, 98, 121, 123, 132, 135, 137–40, 186, 196, 335, 344, 354
Laughlin, Elizabeth, 210, 261–62
laundries, Chinese, 401–4, 416
laundry: drying, 83–85
Lawrence, Cornelius W., 294
Lee, John, 160
Lee, Robert E., 308
Lee, Tom, 410–13, 415, 422, 423, 437
Leggett, William, 179
L’Enfant, Pierre, 14
Leon, George, 260
Letters from New York (Child), 34
Lincoln, Abraham, 2, 235–340, 299, 304, 307, 311, 314
Little Italy, 367, 382, 436, 438
Live and Let Live Saloon, 226
Livingston family, 15
lodgers, 77–78, 90–91, 96, 103, 122–23, 139, 430
lodges, fraternal, 186
Loftus, James, 227
Lorillard family, 15
Lost and Found, The (Halliday), 237
Lowell, James Russell, 430
Lower East Side, 81, 343, 350, 432n, 434
Low Life (Sante), 3
Lynch, Bernard, 379–80
Lynch, Thomas F., 379, 381–82, 386, 387, 414, 419
Maclay Act (1842), 154, 155, 158
Macready, William, 166
Maguire, John Francis, 65, 126–27, 232
Maguire, Tom, 166
Malaysians, 440
Mangin, Bridget, 208–9
manufacturing, 114, 346, 376, 378–79
Marcantonio, Vito, 438
Martindale, Gen. John H., 299–300
Masons, 186
mass transit, 434
Mathers, Joseph, 118
Mathews, Cornelius, 173, 176, 180, 185
Mathews, Pat, 276–78, 281, 283, 287, 290–92
Matteawan State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, 389, 393–95
Matthew T. Brennan Hose Company No. 60, 146, 168, 171, 183, 310
McCall, Catherine, 129
McCarty, Bridget, 209–12
McCarty, Mary, 225
McCasken, Margaret, 219
McCleester, John, 166, 203, 205
McClellan, Gen. George B., 299
McCloskey, Henry, 281
McClusky, Country (ring name of John McCleester), 182
McCormack family, 78
McCunn, John H., 311, 322–23, 333
McDermott, Andrew, 104
McGean, James, 380
McGowan, Ann, 128
McHugh, Margaret, 44
McLoughlin, Thomas, 388, 418, 419
McManus family, 78
McMaster, James A., 249
Methodists, 18, 35, 43, 105, 245–46, 248, 249, 251, 341, 343, 418–19, 423
Metropolitan Police Act (1857), 278–79, 282, 291, 297
Metropolitan Police Board, 280
Mexican-American War, 180, 274, 284, 299
militias, 29, 185–86, 200, 297
Miller, Adeline, 217
mining, 373–74
minstrel troupes, 189
Molly Maguire boys, 277
Molony, Harry, 284
Monroe Hall, 164, 165, 166, 194, 202, 243, 286, 332
Moon, Joe, 182
Mooney, Thomas, 11
Moore, Edward “Teddy,” 226–27
Morgan, George, 222
Moriarty, Honora, 93
Moroney, Jim, 201
Morrissey, John, 203, 206, 275
Morse, Samuel F. B., 29
Morton, William, 225
Moy Jin Kee, 418–19
Mulberry Bend, 93, 345, 357–61, 372, 374–78, 426, 428, 429, 431–34, 441
Mulberry Boys, 269–71, 277, 283, 284
Mulberry Hall tenement, 352–54
Muldoon, Laurence, 123
Mullen, Mary, 237–39
Mullin family, 78
murders, 207, 212, 222, 225–28, 389–91, 432
politically motivated, 275, 313–14
Murkitrick, William, 218
Murphy, Alice, 90
Murphy, Jeremiah, 378
Murphy, Patrick and Mary, 137
musicians, street, 178, 362–66, 369–70
mutual aid societies, 374
Nagle, John T., 427
National Temperance Society, 248
Native American party, 181
nativism, 148, 181, 186, 290; see also Know Nothing party
naturalization: fraudulent, 323–24, 333
of Chinese, ban on, 421–22
Naylan, Margaret, 126
Nealis, James, 317
Nealis, William, 218
Nealus, Bill, 152
needle trades, 111–14, 117–18, 122–26, 134–35, 308, 376, 440–41
New Deal, 438
New Haven Orphan Asylum, 110
newsboys, 109, 130–33, 139, 169, 335, 392
Italian, 370
theatergoing by, 190–91
thieves posing as, 220
New York African Society for Mutual Relief, 186, 315
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor (AICP), 116, 134–35, 244, 266, 307, 435
New York Board of Health, 73, 347, 349, 352, 353
New-York City Temperance Alliance, 248
New York City Tract Society, 243–44
New York Colored Orphan Asylum, 305
New York Commissioners of Emigration Labor Exchange, 115
New York Customhouse, 144, 276
New York District Attorney’s Office, 127, 208, 311
New York Foundling Hospital, 265
New York by Gas Light (Foster), 213
New-York Ladies’ Home Missionary Society, 105, 245–50
New York News Association, 340
New York Sacred Music Society, 10
New York Society of Amateur Photographers, 428
nightclubs, 436–37
Noah, Major, 169
Norris, Catherine, 129
North American Hotel, 177
Norton, Mike, 324
Norton, Peter, 324
O’Brien, James, 328–29
O’Brien, John A., 413
O’Connell, Daniel, 304
O’Connell Guard, 29–30
Odd Fellows, 186
O’Flaherty, Edward, 264
Old Baptist Church tenement, 352–53
Old Bowery Days (Harlow), 2, 3, 181
Old Brewery tenement, 67–71, 91, 93, 220, 248–49, 266, 343, 423, 433–35, 441
Oliver Twist (Dickens), 32
Olympic Theater, 189–90
O’Neill, Judy, 137–38
O’Sullivan, John, 39, 54–56, 62, 135
Opdyke, George, 310
Order of Ancient Hibernians, 186
Order of United Americans, 186
organ-grinders, 369–70
Orpen, John, 221
Oschatz, Francis, 220
outhouses, tenement, 73–75, 85–86, 89, 347, 349, 353
Owens, Richard, 227
padroni, 362–66, 370–73, 377, 378
Palmerston, Lord, 49–52, 54–56, 58–59
immigrants from Irish estate of, 59–62, 64, 111, 135, 136, 232
panel houses, 213
Panic of 1837, 142
Panic of 1857, 134–35
Parker, Shivers, 156
Parliament, British, 49n
parlor houses, 212
patronage, 4, 147–50, 276, 278, 279, 292, 297
Pease, Lewis N., 105, 197, 199, 208, 245–56, 259–63, 267
peddlers, 111, 118–20, 177, 439
Chinese, 396, 397, 400–401, 413
women as, 129
Peirano, Luigi, 368
Pelham Club, 437
Penny, Virginia, 376
Pete Williams’s place, 172–73, 198–99
Peterson, William, 222
photographs: by Brady, 235
by Hines, 434
by Riis, 2, 342, 350, 351, 355, 359–60, 377, 383, 384, 427–30, 441
used for charitable fund-raising, 238–39
Pickwick Papers (Dickens), 32
Plunkitt, George Washington, 206, 334
Poles, 44
Police Athletic League, 423
police department, 184
politics and, 146–47, 160–61, 167–68, 170, 269, 274, 278–80, 292, 293, 295, 310
Riis’s reporting on, 425–26
riot against, 280–292
Police Ring, 311
Polk, James K., 143–44
Poole, Bill “The Butcher,” 275
Port Arthur Chinese restaurant, 408, 436
potato famine, 38–40, 43, 44, 48–50, 55–58, 61–62, 65–66, 71, 353
Price, Edmond E., 411
primaries, 150–52, 158, 159, 166, 320–21, 333
Prime, Samuel, 78
prizefighting, see boxing
prostitution, 1, 4, 19–20, 24, 192, 200, 207–19, 233, 237, 433
in Chinatown, 440
ethnicity and, 217
Patrick Kelly and, 160, 161, 164
political corruption and, 336
poverty as cause of, 105, 215–16
relocation to Greenwich Village of, 346
solicitation of business in, 213–14
of teenagers, 208–12
Protestants, 19, 192, 230, 241, 243, 413, 423
charitable activities of, 233–34 (see also specific institutions)
in politics, 278
and public schools, 154–55; see also specific denominations
“Punch and Judy” shows, 177
Quakers, 435
Quin, Charles, 213
Quinn, Eleanor, 128
Quinn, James, 136
Quinn, Richard, 281
Quitman, John, 224
race riots, 7–13, 27–29, 32, 187
Rafferty, Eliza, 224
ragpickers, 376–77
railroad construction, 373–74, 398
Ralph, Rose, 96
rape, 223
Reagan, Margaret “Wild Maggie,” 259
Red Men, 186
Reilly, Hugh, 260
Republican party, 36, 148, 151, 268, 293, 301, 318, 320
during Civil War, 299, 309, 310
Hyer and, 206
Italian support for, 438
and Lincoln’s campaign visit to New York, 235, 240
Metropolitan Police established by, 269, 278, 292
in presidential elections, 304, 305, 307, 312–14, 325
slavery and, 36, 265, 279, 280, 312
and Tweed’s downfall, 329
and voter fraud, 322, 323, 325, 327
restaurants, 439–40
return migration, 135, 374, 422–23
Rice, Pete, 182
Rice, Sam, 222
Ridaboek, Frederick, 160, 161, 276
Riis, Elisabeth Gortz, 337–38, 340–42, 424
Riis, Jacob, 2, 93, 255, 331, 337–42, 344, 350, 356–61, 377, 382–84, 423–32, 434, 441
Riley, Edward, 161
riots, 2, 4, 27–32, 166, 180, 201
election, 27–29, 145, 203, 277, 295
race, 7–13, 27–29, 32, 154–58, 187; see also Bowery Boy Riot
Ripley, John, 180–81
robbery, 207, 219–22, 233, 392
police corruption and, 229
Robinson, Solon, 67, 129–30, 259, 369
Rocco, St., festa of, 383–86, 438
Roche, Walter, 146, 168, 284, 286, 287, 293, 328, 331
Roche Guard, 284–88, 291, 293, 328, 440
Rockefeller, John D., 255
Rolloson, John, 11
Roosevelt, Theodore, 431
Rosenthal, Mayer, 120
Ross, Joel, 69–71
Rossa, Jeremiah O’Donovan, 329
Roth, Henry, 72
Russell, William H., 299
Rutgers Fire Company, 404
Rynders, Isaiah, 141–44, 166, 167, 181–82, 206, 289, 309
Sabbia, Francesco, 373
saloons, 91, 111, 177, 191, 193–97, 206, 232, 360
boxing matches in, 202
in Chinatown, 436–37
lodging in, 79–80
gambling in, 195–96
political influence of owners of, 145–46, 148–49, 159–60, 164–66, 169, 194, 271, 272
robbery in, 221
Sam Yip, 416
Sanger, William, 215–17
Sarsfield Light Guard, 185, 188
Scalabrini, Bishop Giovanni, 381
Scally, Bill, 151
Scandinavians, 339
Scanlon, Dave, 182
Schell, Augustus, 276
Schermerhorn family, 15
Schilling, Herman, 317
school sinks, 85–86
schools: operated by charitable institutions, 247, 248, 252, 254, 255
parochial, government subsidies for, 331
Scott, Robert K., 301
Scribner’s publishing house, 428–29
seamstresses, 111, 112, 122–26, 134–35, 260
at Five Points Mission, 246–47
in House of Industry, 251
prostitution as alternative for, 216, 217
seasonal labor, 114–16
second-hand stores, 119–20, 128
fencing of stolen goods in, 221–22
Secor, Thomas, 202
Sedgwick, Theodore, 214
servants, see domestic servants
settlement houses, 267
Seward, William H., 240
Shakespeare, William, 144
Shaler, William, 155–56
Shea, Cornelius and Ellen, 95
Shea, Mary and Jeremiah, 96
Shea, Tim and Honora, 137, 138
Shea, Timothy and Johanna, 138
Sheehan, James M., 264
Sherman, Mary and Maggie, 224–25
Shields family, 78
shipbuilding, 114
Shirt-Sewers’ Association, 124–25
Sing Sing prison, 227, 389, 391–94
Sitting Bull, 189
slavery, 35–36, 303–7, 309, 311, 363
opposition to, see abolitionists
Sligo, County (Ireland), 49, 51–59, 60, 98, 102, 135, 184, 185, 187–88, 232, 301
Sligo Young Men’s Association, 187–88
Small Parks Act (1887), 427, 429, 431
Smith, Bartholomew, 253
Smith, Henry, 313
Society of Italian Fruit Peddlers, 376
Society of the Madonna della Pietá, 384
Society of Monte Carmelo, 384
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 413
Society of San Michele Arcangelo, 384
Solomon, Harris, 221–22
Sons of Temperance, 186
Soulder, Joseph, 282
Spann, Edward K., 312
Spartans, 156–57
Spears, Siege, 182
Spencer, Charles, 314
Spinola, Gen. Francis B., 309
sporting men, 1, 182–84, 200, 206, 346
in politics, 142–44, 283, 298, 301
Stable Gang, 332
Stacom, Johnny, 308
stale-beer dives, 359–61, 429, 433
Stanford, Leland, 398
Steers, James, 293
Stelzle, Charles, 194–95
Stewart, A. T., 426
Stewart, James R., 61
Stookey, Aaron, 226–27
street cleaning, 82–84
street entertainers, 177–78
street names, changing, 105
streetwalkers, see prostitution
during Civil War, 312
Strong, George D., 21, 27, 130
Strong, George Templeton, 120, 279
Strong, William L., 436
Sullivan, Barbara, 77, 93, 137
Sullivan, Denis P., 313–14, 317
Sullivan, Yankee, 156, 157, 159, 160, 162, 166, 169, 182, 194, 201–6, 333
Sumner, Charles, 307
Sunday schools, 252–54
Supreme Court, U.S., 421–22
sweatshops, 440–41
synagogues, 242–43
tailoring, 111, 113, 114, 117–18, 134
Tammany Hall, 2–4, 146, 150, 187, 206, 278, 334, 438
Brennan and, 296, 309–10, 318–20, 328, 331, 332
Clancy and, 171, 293–94, 296, 309
opposition within Democratic party to, 155–57, 298, 335
private welfare system of, 267–68
and Tweed’s downfall, 329–31
voter fraud perpetrated by, 4, 322–24, 327
Walsh and, 271–73
Taoism, 417
Tappen, Big Jerry, 182
“Tattered Maggie,” 239
temperance movement, 92, 193, 248, 250, 259, 279
tenements, 1, 4, 72–105, 336, 346–52
amusements as refuge from, 197
conditions in, 67–71
dark passageways of, 80–82, 349
described by Dickens, 33
drunkenness in, 232
and end of mass immigration, 435–36
extremes of heat and cold in, 87–89
filthiness of, 82–83
lodgers in, 77–78
on Lower East Side, 343–44
model, 435
needle trades in, 123
noisiness of, 87
notorious, 352–57
origin of, 18
overcrowding in, 75–76, 92–93, 95–97, 349–50, 434, 441
razing of, 21, 22, 104–5, 431–34
rear, 74–75
Riis’s crusade for reform of, 2, 426–33
stench of, 86–87
Thais, 439
theaters, 176, 188–91, 197, 200, 346
theft, see robbery
Thomas, Charles, 226
Thompson, Boss, 182
Three Family Society, 416
Tierney, Bridget, 90
Tobin, Mary Jane, 231
Trainor, William, 104
Treasury Department, U.S., 421
Trench, William Steuart, 62–64, 135
Trevelyan, Charles, 56
Tucker, James, 184
Tuosist (Ireland), 53, 54, 55–56, 64, 77, 96, 98, 137, 138, 449n
Turner, Margaret, 222
Tuttle, Sarah, 217
Tweed, “Boss” William M., 4, 170, 271, 278, 296, 323, 324, 332
during Civil War, 309
death of, 334
defeated by Clancy for county clerk, 293–94
fraternal lodge of, 186
private welfare system of, 267–68
volunteer fire company, 146, 185
Twomey, Mary and Cornelius, 123
Two Years Before the Mast (Dana), 288
Tyng, Stephen H., 251
typhus, 59
Underground Railroad, 187
unemployment, 133–35
Chinese blamed for in California, 398
during Civil War, 307
seasonal, 114–16, 120–22, 125, 374
Union Theological Seminary, 109
Chinese, 416
United Chinese Associations of New York, 440
Upper East Side, 432n
urban renewal, 433–34
Van Meter, W. C., 109, 110, 258, 261
Vatty, Lewis, Sr. and Jr., 222
Victoria, Queen of England, 65
village associations, Chinese, 415–16
violence, 233
during elections, 141, 143, 153–54, 156, 162, 201, 277, 295
mob, see riots
against policemen, 229
during robberies, 222
against women, 222–24
Virginia Minstrels, 189
Voice from the Newsboys, A (Morrow), 110
Volks Garden, 177
volunteer fire companies, 176, 183–85, 200
Bowery B’hoys in, 178
fighters in, 202
politics and, 146, 164–65, 168–71, 185, 270, 274, 283, 286–87, 295, 310
stage portrayals of, 189
Vultee’s old corner saloon, 182
Wah Ling, 399
Walker, William, 276
Wallace, Mike, 290
Walsh, Thomas P. “Fatty,” 146, 269–73, 278, 280, 328, 335–36, 353
Walsh, William, 270–72, 307, 310, 328, 332–34, 353
Washburne, Elihu B., 236
Welland, Elizabeth, 259
Welsh, 232
wheys (cooperative loan systems), 401–2
Whig party, 20, 27–31, 141, 143, 148, 151, 156, 163–65, 167, 206, 275, 278
White, John, 116
White, Mary, 219–20
Whitman, Walt, 155, 157, 173, 176, 183
Williams, Pete, 198–99; see also Almack’s dance hall, 172–73
Williams, Robert, 12
Williamson, George “Legs,” 10
Willis, Maria, 11
Willis, Nathaniel P., 34, 69, 198–99, 214
Wilson, Frances, 222
Wilson, Jane, 128
Wong Ching Foo, 402, 407, 408, 412, 415, 421
Wong family association, 416
Wong He Cong, 403
Wood, Catharine, 206
Wood, Fernando, 228, 277–81, 291, 298, 303, 309
Wood, Silas, 435
Worden, Paddy, 177
Yale University, 110
Young Men’s Central Republican Union, 235