NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible

Galatians 1

a S 1Co 1:1

b ver 11, 12

c ver 15, 16; S Ac 9:15; 20:24

d ver 15, 16; S Ac 9:15; 20:24

e S Ac 2:24

f Php 4:21

g S Ac 16:6

h S Ro 1:7

1 1:2 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in verse 11; and in 3:15; 4:12, 28, 31; 5:11, 13; 6:1, 18.

i S Mt 20:28; S Ro 4:25; S 1Co 15:3; Gal 2:20

j S 1Co 1:20

k S Php 4:20

l S Ro 11:36

m ver 15; S Ro 8:28

n 2Co 11:4

o Ac 15:24; Gal 5:10

p Jer 23:16, 36

q ver 11, 16; 1Co 15:1; 2Co 11:4; Gal 2:2

r Ro 9:3

s Ro 16:17

t S Ro 2:29

u 1Co 15:1

v S ver 8

w ver 1

x ver 16; S 1Co 2:10

y 1Co 11:23; 15:3

z Ac 26:4, 5

a S 1Co 10:32

b S Ac 8:3

c S Ac 21:20

d Mt 15:2

e Isa 49:1, 5; Jer 1:5

f S Ac 9:15; S Ro 8:28

g S Ac 9:15; Gal 2:9

h Mt 16:17

i Ac 9:2, 19–22

j Ac 9:22, 23

k Ac 9:26, 27

l Mt 13:55; S Ac 15:13

2 1:18 That is, Peter

m S Ro 1:9

n S Ro 9:1

o S Lk 2:2

p S Ac 6:9

q 1Th 2:14

r S Ro 16:3

s Ac 6:7

t S Ac 8:3

u S Mt 9:8

Galatians 2

a Ac 15:2

b S Ac 4:36

c S 2Co 2:13

d S 1Co 2:10

e Ac 15:4, 12

f S 1Co 9:24

g ver 1; S 2Co 2:13

h Ac 16:3; 1Co 9:21

i S Ac 1:16; 2Co 11:26

j Jude 4

k Gal 5:1, 13

l ver 14

m ver 2

n S Ac 10:34; S Rev 2:23

o 1Co 15:11

p 1Th 2:4; 1Ti 1:11

q S Ac 9:15

r ver 9, 11, 14

s Ac 1:25

1 2:7 That is, Gentiles

2 2:7 That is, Jews; also in verses 8 and 9

t S 1Co 1:1

u S Ac 15:13

v ver 7, 11, 14

w 1Ti 3:15; Rev 3:12

x ver 1; S Ac 4:36

y S Ro 12:3

z S Ac 9:15

a S Ac 24:17

3 2:9 That is, Peter; also in verses 11 and 14

b ver 7, 9, 14

c S Ac 11:19

d S Ac 15:13

e Ac 11:3

f Ac 10:45; 11:2

g ver 1; S Ac 4:36

h ver 5

i ver 7, 9, 11

j Ac 10:28

k ver 12

l Php 3:4, 5

m 1Sa 15:18; Lk 24:7

n S Ro 3:28

o S Ro 9:30

p S Ro 3:28; S 4:25

q ver 15

4 2:16 Or but through the faithfulness of . . . justified on the basis of the faithfulness of

r Gal 3:21

s S Ro 7:4

t Ro 6:10, 11, 14; 2Co 5:15

u S Ro 6:6

v S Ro 8:10; 1Pe 4:2

w S Mt 4:3

x S Ro 8:37

y S Gal 1:4

z Gal 3:21

5 2:21 Some interpreters end the quotation after verse 14.

Galatians 3

a Lk 24:25

b S Ac 16:6

c Gal 5:7

d 1Co 1:23

e S Jn 20:22

f ver 5, 10; Gal 2:16

g Ro 10:17; Heb 4:2

1 3:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.

h 1Co 12:10

2 3:4 Or suffered

i ver 2, 10; Gal 2:16

j Ge 15:6; S Ro 4:3

k ver 9

3 3:6 Gen. 15:6

l S Lk 3:8

m Ge 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; Ac 3:25

n ver 7; Ro 4:16

4 3:8 Gen. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18

o Ro 4:18–22

p ver 2, 5; Gal 2:16

q ver 13; S Ro 4:15

r Dt 27:26; Jer 11:3

s S Ro 3:28

5 3:10 Deut. 27:26

t Hab 2:4; S Ro 9:30; Heb 10:38

u Lev 18:5; S Ro 10:5

6 3:11 Hab. 2:4

v Gal 4:5

7 3:12 Lev. 18:5

w Dt 21:23; S Ac 5:30

x Ro 4:9, 16

8 3:13 Deut. 21:23

y ver 2; Joel 2:28; S Jn 20:22; S Ac 2:33

z S Ro 7:1

a Ge 17:19; Ps 132:11; Mic 7:20; Lk 1:55; Ro 4:13, 16; 9:4, 8; Gal 3:29; 4:28

b Ge 12:7; 13:15; 17:7, 8, 10; 24:7

c Ge 15:13, 14; Ex 12:40; Ac 7:6

9 3:16 Gen. 12:7; 13:15; 24:7

f ver 16

i 1Ti 2:5; Heb 8:6; 9:15; 12:24

j Gal 2:17; S Ro 7:12

k Gal 2:21

l Ro 3:9–19; 11:32

m Ro 11:32

n ver 25

o ver 19; Ro 10:4; S 4:15

10 3:22, 23 Or through the faithfulness of Jesus . . . 23Before faith came

p Gal 2:16

q S Ro 7:4

r S Ro 8:14

s S Mt 28:19

t S Ro 13:14

u 1Co 12:13; Col 3:11

v Ge 1:27; 5:2; Joel 2:29

w Jn 10:16; 17:11; Eph 2:14, 15

x S 1Co 3:23

y ver 16; S Lk 3:8

z S Ro 8:17

a ver 16

Galatians 4

a ver 8, 9, 24, 25; Gal 2:4

b Col 2:8, 20

c Mk 1:15; Ro 5:6; Eph 1:10

1 4:3 Or under the basic principles

d S Jn 3:17

e S Jn 1:14

f Lk 2:27

g S Ro 3:24

h Jn 1:12

i S Ro 8:14

j S Ac 16:7

2 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.

k Ro 5:5

l Ro 8:15, 16

m S Ro 8:17

3 4:6 Aramaic for Father

n Ro 1:28; 1Co 1:21; 15:34; 1Th 4:5; 2Th 1:8

o S ver 3

p 2Ch 13:9; Isa 37:19; Jer 2:11; 5:7; 16:20; 1Co 8:4, 5

q 1Co 8:3

r S ver 3

s Col 2:20

t Ro 14:5; Col 2:16

4 4:9 Or principles

v S Ro 7:1; Gal 6:18

z Gal 2:4, 12

a ver 13, 14

b S 1Th 2:11

c Ro 8:29; Eph 4:13

d S Ro 2:12

e Ge 16:15

f Ge 21:2

g ver 28, 29; Ro 9:7, 8

h Ge 17:16–21; 18:10–14; 21:1; Heb 11:11

i Heb 12:22; Rev 3:12; 21:2, 10

j Isa 54:1

k ver 23; S Gal 3:16

5 4:27 Isaiah 54:1

l ver 23

m Ge 21:9

n Ge 21:10

o S Ro 7:4

6 4:30 Gen. 21:10

p ver 22

Galatians 5

a ver 13; Jn 8:32; Gal 2:4; S Ro 7:4

b S 1Co 16:13

c S Mt 23:4; Gal 2:4

d ver 3, 6, 11, 12; Ac 15:1

e Ro 2:25; Gal 3:10; Jas 2:10

f S Ro 3:28

g Heb 12:15; 2Pe 3:17

h Ro 8:23, 24

i S Ro 16:3

j S 1Co 7:19

l S 1Co 9:24

n S Ro 8:28

p S 2Co 2:3

r ver 12; Gal 1:7

t S Lk 2:34

u ver 10

v S ver 1

w S ver 24; 1Co 8:9; 1Pe 2:16

x 1Co 9:19; 2Co 4:5; Eph 5:21

y Lev 19:18; S Mt 5:43; Gal 6:2

1 5:13 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 16, 17, 19 and 24; and in 6:8.

2 5:14 Lev. 19:18

z ver 18, 25; Ro 8:2, 4–6, 9, 14; S 2Co 5:17

a S ver 24

b Ro 8:5–8

c Ro 7:15–23

d S ver 16

3 5:17 Or you do not do what

e S Ro 2:12; 1Ti 1:9

f S 1Co 6:18

g Mt 15:19; Ro 13:13

h S Mt 25:34

i Mt 7:16–20; Eph 5:9