Abdullatif, Suleh Sueed, 177
Abramowitz, Michael J., 106–7
Abu Dhabi, 38, 167–69, 172, 179, 189, 191–92, 203
energy use in, 195
foreign mercenaries in, 193
foreign workers in, 186
human rights issues in, 187–89
World Green Tourism conference in, 193–95, 197–98, 199–203, 263
Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital, 198
Abu Dhabi Policy Agency, 202
Abundant Tranquility Temple, Beijing, 298
Adopt Sri Lanka, 284
Afghanistan, 183
Africa:
Chinese foreign aid to, 235, 236
Chinese trade with, 236
colonial era in, 208
population explosion in, 219
see also Zambia
Africa, national parks in, 207–8
African tourism industry as dependent on, 208–9, 220, 221
African visitors to, 231
checkered history of, 209, 218
costs of maintaining, 240
encroachment of farmers and villagers on, 218, 219, 222
as former tribal lands, 208, 219
infrastructure of, 221–22
as legacy of colonialism, 208, 219, 231
poachers in, 214, 218, 219–21, 222
safaris in, 207–8, 212–17, 244
as underfunded, 222
wildlife conservation and, 212–13, 218–219, 226
Africa, tourism in, 208–9
African-Americans and, 242–44
Chinese tourists and, 236, 308
colonial heritage of, 241
as dependent on national parks, 208–9, 220, 221
African-Americans, 242–43
Africa’s Lost Eden (short film), 239
Airbus, 192
Air Transport Association, 359
passenger screening and, 354–55
post-9/11 grounding of, 354
Akashi, Yasushi, 115
Alaska, 151
waste dumping laws in, 159–61
Albar, Javier, 312–14, 315–16, 317, 318, 322, 324
Ali, Syed, 187
Ali, Syed Shahid, 361–62
Allen, Jody, 226
Allure of the Seas (cruise ship), 256
Al Marri, Ghanim, 201
Amazonas Sustainable Foundation, 274
Amboseli, Kenya, 235
“America—More Hassle Than It’s Worth?” (London Guardian), 356
American Airlines, 174
American Express, 14–15
American International Group, 373
American Political Science Association, 319
American Society of Travel Agents, 381
American tourists, 10–11, 12, 347
Angawi, Sami, 184–85
mass tourism at, 89, 91, 92, 94–95, 98
pollution and, 104
preservation and restoration of, 91, 95, 96–98
Angkor Thom, 88
Anil’s Ghost (Ondaatje), 282
Anlong Veng, Cambodia, 108
Antarctic Treaty, 162
Apple, R. W., Jr., 28–29
Aquaventure, 179
Arabian Peninsula, habitat destruction in, 198–99
Arabic language, 202
tourism and, 19
Arden, Miguel, 376
Arias Sánchez, Óscar, 255
Arison, Shari, 134
modern cruise ship industry created by, 133–34, 135–36
Arison School of Business, 141
Armani, Giorgio, 178
Armani Hotel Dubai, 178
Aruba, 150
Ashoka Changemakers, 268
Asian Development Bank, 98–99
Asian tourists:
in Cambodia, 93
sex tourism and, 118–19
Atlanta, Ga., 1996 Olympics in, 350, 351
Atlantic, 370
Atlantis Hotel, Dubai, 178–79, 180, 196
ATOUT France, 46, 47, 52, 66, 75
Auschwitz, Poland, 106
Australia, Chinese tourists in, 307
Baedeker, Karl, 26
Baedeker travel guides, 23
ship registry of, 140
Baker, Simeon, 127
Bangladesh, 183
Bank of China, 236
Barboza, David, 314–15
Barcelona, 1992 Olympics in, 350
Bargemon, France, 73
Bar Harbor, Maine, 152
Barro Colorado, 248
Baumgartner, Jean-Claude, 273–74
Beijing, China, 296
architectural and cultural destruction in, 297–99
“Democracy Wall” in, 297
International Tourism Conference in, 303–4, 306
Tiananmen Square massacre in, 305, 330
2008 Olympics in, 293–94, 322, 323, 333
Beijing Marriott Hotel City Wall, 312–13, 315, 316
Belize Audubon Society, 153
Bennett, Paul, 152
Bethlehem, West Bank, 185
Bhutan, 21
bin Laden, Osama, killing of, 366
Bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan, Sultan, 193
Bizzaro, Andrea, 219
Bjørnøy, Helen, 162–63
Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (West), 25
Blum, Léon, 52
BOAC, 172
Tourism Bureau of, 64
Bordeaux City, France, 58–59
tourism policy of, 64–65
urban renewal in, 59–60, 61–62, 63, 64–66
Bordeaux Uncorked, 63–64
Bosnian War, 25
Bourdain, Anthony, 32
Bowling, Charles, 370
Bradesco Bank, 275
deforestation in, 275
sex tourism in, 116
2016 Summer Olympics in, 273, 276, 362
U.S. visa applications in, 364
Brazilian tourists, in U.S., 365
Brenes Mora, Alberto Manuel, 251
British Airways, 175
British tourists:
declining U.S. travel of, 356
Brocon Group, 112
Broderick, Douglas, 100
Bruner, Edward M., 241–42
Bryson, John, 365
Buddha Zen Hotel, 338–39
Budowski, Gerardo, 251
Building Towers, Cheating Workers (Human Rights Watch), 187
Burma, 19
Burton, Richard, 25
Bush, George W., 348, 354, 359
Bush (George W.) administration, 353, 354, 358, 359–60, 366, 374
Bushcamp Company, 214, 217, 219, 225–29
Byrd, Richard E., 24
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 82
Caballos-Lascuráin, Héctor, 266
Cabrini, Luigi, 35
California, 161
Calvo, José, 252
evictions and land seizures in, 109–13
foreign investment in, 96, 99, 100
French colonial legacy of, 89
Khmer Rouge in, 88, 90, 92, 95, 104, 105–8
money-laundering in, 113
orphanages in, 101–3
poverty and unemployment in, 91
private coastline development in, 111–12
Tourism Ministry of, 105, 108–10, 119
U.N. peacekeeping mission to, 89, 114–15
Vietnamese invasion of, 106
wealth inequality in, 101
Cambodia, tourism in, 14, 21, 89–121
Asian tourists in, 93
casinos in, 112–13
corruption in, 91–92, 96, 100–101, 104, 108–9
as development strategy, 99
as percentage of economy, 92
sex trade in, 92, 93, 104–5, 111, 114–21
South Korea and, 98–99
travel philanthropy scams in, 101–2, 103
see also Angkor temples
Cambodian War, 87–88
Cambridge, Catherine, Duchess of, 385
Camp, Beatrice, 364
carbon emissions, 20, 38, 195–96, 199–200, 271, 276
Carnival Corporation, 133
Carnival Cruise Lines, 137–38, 140–41, 143, 149
Diamonds International and, 149
illegal waste water dumping by, 159
ship registry of, 140
Carnivale (cruise ship), 137
Carr, Greg, 238–39
Carr, Norman, 217–18
Carte Blanche (Deaver), 180
Catholic Relief Services, 259
Center for Responsible Travel (CREST), 259–60, 268
Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development, 153
Centers for Disease Control, U.S., 379
Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), 260
Centre Georges Pompidou, 56
Cerro Frantzius, 250
Certification for Sustainable Tourism, 261
Cézanne, Paul, 47
Chakari, Mohammad Sidiq, 183
Changqing Nature Reserve, 336
Charles de Gaulle Airport, 56–57, 171
Château Haut-Bailly, 60–61
Cheng, Henry K. S., 313
Chengdu, China, 335–39
Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 337–38
Chen Lip Keong, 113–14
Chevet, Charles-Henri, 104
Chicago, Ill.:
convention business in, 370–71
as 2016 Olympics finalist, 361
Chiesa, Thea, 270
Chilanda, Father, 210–11
children, sex tourism and exploitation of, 114–15, 116–17, 119
Children’s Eternal Rainforest, 254
China:
African foreign aid and investment by, 235, 236, 238
African trade with, 236
Communist regime in, 292, 297, 301, 325, 327, 340, 368
Cultural Revolution in, 292, 299, 300, 325, 337
economic growth in, 292, 294, 301, 305, 312
economic reform in, 300
Foreign Affairs Ministry of, 308
gambling industry in, 368–69
in global economy, 292
Great Leap Forward in, 292, 298, 299, 325
high-speed trains in, 328
history of travel in, 316–17
human rights issues in, 305, 340–41
illegal ivory trade in, 234–35
International Travel Service of, 299
Internet censorship in, 340–41
National Tourism Administration (CNTA) of, 299, 300
National Tourist Office of, 304, 333
1984 grain harvest in, 304
in opening to West, 13
pollution in, 302, 332–33, 338, 340
Public Security Ministry of, 308
Tiananmen Square massacre in, 305, 330
U.S. visa applications in, 364
wildlife conservation in, 335–38
Youth Travel Service of, 330
China, tourism in, 34, 37, 291–96, 312–41
Chinese tourists and, 300, 305–6, 309
corruption in, 340
Deng and, 300–303
diplomatic role of, 292–93, 295, 323, 340
first foreign travelers in, 299–300
foreign investment in, 312
foreign tourism professionals in, 312–17
government control of, 318–20, 340
government nurturing of, 292–93
historic preservation vs. development in, 326–27, 339, 340
hospitality culture as foreign to, 302–3, 315–16, 317
importance of government connections in, 313
International-brand hotels in, 314
low wages in, 315
native Chinese professionals in, 317–322
1983 international conference on, 303–4, 306
pandas and, 335–38
“Red Tourism Highway” in, 327
as share of economy, 293, 295, 312
China Daily, 333
Chinese revolution, 292, 297, 313, 328, 368
Chinese tourists, 387
in Australia, 307
in China, 300, 305–6, 309, 314, 327, 335
diplomatic role of, 310
in Europe, 308–9
foreign travel by, 306–11, 314, 318, 320–321, 341
national holidays and, 296, 306, 327, 340
in New Zealand, 307–8
sex tourism and, 118–19
spending by, 295–96, 309–10, 311
tour operators’ exploitation of, 307–8
UNWTO profile of, 309
in U.S., 365
Chinzombo Lodge, 218
Chipata, Zambia, 218
Chiriquí, Gulf of, 249
Chitamfya, Caristo, 231
Choeung Ek, Cambodia, 107
Christ, Costas, 270
Cinnamon Grand Hotel, 278–79, 280
Civilian Conservation Corps, 384
Clarke, Arthur C., 283
Clay, William, Sr., 142
Clean Cruise Ship Act, U.S., 161
Clean Water Act, U.S., 156, 158, 161
climate change, 170, 230, 385–88
Clinton, Bill, 350–51
Clinton, Hillary, 363–64
Coast Guard, U.S., 161
Cohen, Gershon, 159–60
Coiba National Park, 249
end of, and growth of tourism, 13–14, 15, 19, 29, 57, 173
Colombo, Sri Lanka, 280
Columbus, Christopher, 23, 250, 258
Commerce Department, U.S., 359, 360, 366
Travel and Tourism Industries Office of, 360
Condé Nast Traveler, 31, 240, 276–77, 317
Congress, U.S.:
cruise industry and, 139, 142, 164, 348
tourism policy and, 14, 352–53, 362–63
and War on Terrorism, 354
Congressional Research Service, 161
Connolly, Nellie, 321
conservation philanthropy, 225–26, 238–240, 254, 264
Context Travel, 152
convention business, 18, 370–74
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), 221, 234
Cooray, Dharshi, 281
Corajoud, Claire and Michel, 59
Corcovado Foundation, 259
Corcovado National Park, 258, 260
Cornell School of Hotel Administration, 380
Cornwall, England, 74
Costa Concordia disaster, 20, 132–33
Costa Cruises, 133
Costão do Santinho, 270
Costa Rica, 153, 245–47, 249–55, 258–63
as center for biological research, 250–251
Central American conflicts and, 254–255
Certification for Sustainable Tourism program in, 261
colonial era in, 250
computer and biomedical technology in, 255
ecotourism in, 19, 245, 249, 252, 254, 264–65, 268
environmentalism in, 249–50, 252, 253
gold mining in, 258–59
medical tourism and, 377
national parks of, 252, 253, 261
Quakers in, 253–54
tourism as largest economic sector in, 261
Costa Rica, University of, 251
Cousteau, Jacques, 129
Cranley, William Patrick, 325–27
Croatia, 153
Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), 142, 151
cruise ships, cruise ship industry, 19, 36, 79, 125–65
Arison’s creation of, 133–34, 135–36
art sales as profit center for, 147–49
Clean Water Act exemption of, 156–57
Congress and, 139, 142, 164, 348
cultural and environmental degradation from, 134, 152–55
ecotourism as antithesis of, 249, 256–57
as entertainment- vs. destination-driven, 137
excursion trips as profit centers for, 151
as fastest growing segment of tourism industry, 134
foreign registry of ships in, 139–40
legal loopholes exploited by, 132, 133, 134, 136, 139–41
low ticket prices in, 126, 138, 144
low wages paid by, 127–28, 131–32, 139, 140–42, 144–46, 256
as most profitable sector of tourism industry, 139
nonprofits and, 165
onboard sales as profit center in, 130, 146–51
passenger security and, 164
polar regions and, 162–63
political contributions by, 142–43
pollution from, 20, 30, 34, 82, 85, 134, 156–64
Venice damaged by, 77, 81, 85, 152
Crystal Cruises, 161
culinary tourism, 37
Culinary Workers Union, 374
cultural degradation:
from cruise ships, 152
Cuvelier, Olivier, 62
Czech Republic, 116
Dachau, Germany, 106
Daily, Laura, 31
D’Amore, Louis, 230
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 236
“dark tourism” (genocide tourism), 37, 92, 105–8
Dassance, Rick and Jewell, 294–95
Datan, Rajan, 271
David, Armand, 335
Death in Venice (Mann), 82
Deauville, France, 51
deforestation, 247, 253, 275, 276
de Gaulle, Charles, 55
Delaux, Stephan, 64–65
Delom, Christian, 66–67, 68, 310
Deng Xiaoping, 304, 305, 330, 335, 337, 340, 341
on economic importance of tourism, 293, 295, 300–303
Deron, Francis, 296–97
Description of the World (Polo), 23
developing economies, tourism in, 19–20, 89–90, 99, 376
development, preservation vs., 111–12, 184–85, 326–27, 339, 340
Diamonds International, 128, 129, 130, 149–50
Diamond Trading Company, 149
Dieppe, France, 51
Dinesen, Isak, 207
Dion, Dan, 245
Diotallevi, Marina, 116
Discover America website, 363
Disneyland, 324, 346, 383, 385
Disneyland Shanghai, 323–24
Disney World, 324, 364, 383, 385
Dobbs, Michael, 284
Documentation Center of Cambodia, 107
Dominguez-Hoare, Anna, 153–54
“Don’t Go There” (Becker), 390
Dreams from My Father (Obama), 244
Arab Spring and, 181
conspicuous consumption in, 169–70
duty-free shopping in, 166, 170, 171
entertainment in, 176–80
foreign workers in, 168–69, 174, 186–89
and Great Recession of 2008, 169, 175, 178, 179, 186
Hajj pilgrimage and, 170, 183–84
human rights issues in, 187–89
Middle East conflict and, 180–81
pollution in, 196–97
public debt of, 179–80
sex tourism in, 190–91
shopping in, 175–76
tourism as largest economic sector in, 168
Dubai: Gilded Cage (Ali), 187
Dubai Studio City, 180
Dubrovnik, Croatia, 155
Dunne, Ron, 119–20
Durbin, Richard, 161
East Africa, 220
“Eating and Sleeping with Arthur Frommer” (Ephron), 13
Ebron, Paulla A., 243
sex tourism share of, 115
tourism industry share of, 10, 15, 20, 45, 66–67, 194
Economist, 175
economy, global:
China in, 292
tourism industry share of, 15, 16–17, 270, 351
ecotourism, 19, 21, 45, 241, 245–77
as antithesis of cruise ship travel, 249, 256–57
Costa Rica as birthplace of, 245, 249, 252, 254, 264–65
definition of “green” in, 263–64
genuine vs. false claims in, 265
Global Sustainable Tourism Council Criteria for, 247, 255–56, 260, 262, 264–66
local entrepreneurs and, 260
as small part of tourism industry, 246
ticket prices in, 256
wages in, 256
see also geotourism; green tourism
Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? (Honey), 268
Ecuador, 241
Egypt, 192
Baedeker guide to, 23–24
tourism in, 19
2011 revolution in, 181
elections, U.S.:
of 2008, 366
elephants:
poaching of, 214, 219–21, 234–35
threatened extinction of, 220–21, 223, 235
El Salvador, civil war in, 254
Emirates Airlines, 172–73, 174, 184
Emirates Palace Hotel, 191
environmental degradation:
from cruise ships, 134, 153–55
tourism and, 20, 30, 35, 38, 195–96, 272
in UAE, 195–96
see also pollution
environmentalism, 21, 249–50, 266
see also ecotourism; green tourism
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S., 156–57, 161, 163–64
Ephron, Nora, 13
Etihad Airways, 192
Euromic, 372
Europe:
Chinese tourists in, 308–9
meetings and conventions business in, 372–73
paid vacations in, 55
European trading system, 38
Europe on $5 a Day (Frommer), 11, 12–13
Evans, Graham, 199
Explorer sinking, 162
Exxon Valdez oil spill, 158
Fain, Richard, 140
falcons, 198
Farmer, Greg, 352
FBI, 164
Federal Aviation Administration, 351
Figueres Ferrer, José, 250
Fine Art Registry, 147–48
flags of convenience, 139, 142, 256
Florianópolis, Brazil, 270
Florida, tourism industry in, 32, 125, 134, 135, 384
fondacos, 78
Footprint Dubai (Gilmore), 175
Forbes, 72
Four Seasons Resort and Spa, Costa Rica, 262
France, 43–75
Agriculture Ministry of, 57, 67–68, 69, 72
American tourists in, 49–50, 53–54
British tourists in, 49, 50–51
Chinese tourists in, 66–67, 309, 310
cultural richness of, 47–48, 56, 68
dependence on tourism as contrary to self-image of, 46–47
foreign retirees in, 72–73
governmental tourism policy in, 44–45, 47, 48, 57–58, 66–69
landscape preservation in, 68–69
Marshall Plan rebuilding of tourism industry in, 52–54
as most visited country, 44
museum system in, 56
national lifestyle of, 45, 53, 68
nineteenth-century tourism in, 49–51
railway system in, 56–57, 59, 68
Tourism Board of, 51
tourism as largest economic sector in, 44, 46–47, 66–67
tourism problems in, 47, 48, 69–75
tourism’s pressure on housing markets in, 71–75
wine tourism in, 58–66
Franco, Francisco, 8
Frankel, Amy, 163
Franks, Theresa, 147–48
Frantzius, Alexander von, 250–51
Freeman, Geoff, 355, 359, 360–61, 367
Free Tibet movement, 302
frequent-flyer miles, total value of, 17, 174–75
Friendship Hotel, Beijing, 296
Fuller, Ed, 172, 179, 271, 274, 276
Fundingsland, David, 320
fund-raising, tourism and, 19
Gabbrielli, Matteo, 76–78, 82, 84, 310
Gabon, 235
Gad, David, 149
Galabru, Kek, 110
Galápagos islands, 241
Galle, Sri Lanka, 282, 283, 284–85
Gambia, 242
Gander, Rhoda M., 231–32
gay and lesbian tourism, 37
Gebrselassie, Haile, 333
Gehry, Frank, 191
Gelb, Arthur, 28
General Services Administration, U.S., 373
genocide museums, 106–7
George Washington University, 268, 380
geotourism, 266–68
see also ecotourism; green tourism
Geotourism Map Guide program, 267
Germany, 372
Ghana, 242
Gifford, Kathie Lee, 137–38
Giles, Rick, 356
Gilmore, Zee, 175
Gingrich, Newt, 350, 352, 365, 367
Gironde River, 58
G.I.’s Guide to Travelling in Europe, The (Frommer), 11
Giverny, France, 70
Glacier Bay National Park, 160
Glenny, Misha, 115
Global Footprint Network, 196
Global Heritage Fund, 98
globalization, labor unions and, 141–42
Global Sustainable Tourism Council, 247, 255–56, 260, 262, 264–66
Global Tourism Business Award, 271
Goldstein, Adam M., 143–44, 148, 150, 152, 154, 155
golf courses, water usage by, 200
Goodman, Carolyn, 371
Goodwin, Harold, 269
Goonetilleke, Bernard, 282
Gore, Al, 350
Gorée island, 243
Gorongosa National Park, 238–39
Gourevitch, Philip, 239
governments:
tourism marketing by, 33–34, 66, 69, 347
Graff, Roy, 311
Graves, Michael, 113
Great Depression, 384
Great Exposition, London (1851), 49
Great Recession (2008), 17, 19, 67, 116, 138–39, 149, 294, 366
Dubai and, 169, 175, 178, 179, 186
tourism industry and, 271, 273–74, 360
Great Rift Valley, 238
Great Wall Hotel, 304
Green Globe, 266
Greenhouse, Carol, 202
see also ecotourism; geotourism
Groslier, Bernard-Philippe, 95
Groslier, George, 95
Guardian (London), 356
Guatemala, postwar tourism in, 279
Guggenheim Museum, Abu Dhabi, 191, 192–93
Guilin, China, 302
habitat destruction, 20, 198–99
Habitat for Humanity, 268
Hajj pilgrimage, 17–18, 167, 170, 181–85
Haley, Alex, 242–43
Haley, William, 243
Hamm, Catharine, 30
Hanks, Douglas, III, 32
Harms, Erika, 264–65
Harté, Yves, 62–63
Hawaii:
Conservation and Coastal Lands Office of, 385–86
Land and Natural Resources Department of, 385
sea rise and, 385–88
Tourism Authority of, 387
Hawaii, University of, 385
health care costs, medical tourism and, 18, 376, 378–79
Hegazy, Ashraf Faisal, 195
hema, 198
Heng-Shan Group, 325
Heng-Shan Moller Villa, 324–25
Herscowitz, Herb and Ellen, 294
Hiaasen, Carl, 384
Hill, Isabel, 360
Hilton hotels, 314
Historic Shanghai, 325–27
HIV/AIDS, 230
Ho, Dean, 304
Ho, Stanley, 369
Hoffmann, Carl, 250–51
Hogg, Andy, 216–17, 218–19, 223–24, 225–27
Hoh Rain Forest, 383–84
Holdridge, Leslie, 251
Homeland Security Department, U.S., 161, 353, 354, 357
Honey, Martha, 268–69
Ho Renzhi, 298
hospitality, as foreign to Chinese tourism industry, 302–3, 315–16, 317
hospitality schools and academic programs, 10, 379–80
housing markets, tourism and, 20, 71–75, 80
howler monkeys, 247, 248, 252, 261
Hughes, Trevor, 162
Hun Sen, 91, 99, 101, 104, 108, 109–11
Hyatt Hotels Corporation, 314, 374
Hydropolis Hotel, 177
Iceland Water Park, 201
Indonesia, 183
Innocents Abroad (Twain), 49–50
InterContinental Hotels Group, 359
International Centre for Responsible Tourism, 269
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), 158
International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC-Angkor), 96–97
International Ecotourism Society, 251
International Institute for Peace Through Tourism, 229–34
International Justice Mission (IJM), 119–20
International Olympic Committee, 362
International Transport Workers’ Federation, 142, 143
International Union for Conservation of Nature, 198
Internet:
tourism and, 381
travel writing and, 30
U.S. national travel website on, 363
U.S. tourism policy criticized on, 356
Ireland, 19
Italy, 83
ITB International Tourism Bourse, 229
ivory trade, illegal, 220–21, 234–35
Jacobs, Susan, 358
Japanese tourists, in Venice, 76
Jarrett, Valerie, 360
Jayavarman VII, Angkor emperor, 95
Jebel Ali International Hotels, 201
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 182, 184, 185
Jenanyan, Gary, 257
Jerusalem, pilgrimages to, 182
Jerusalem and Its Surroundings (Baedeker guide), 23
Johannesburg airport, 209
Johnston, Tess, 326
Joly, Hubert, 271–72
Juma Sustainable Development Preserve, 271, 274–76
Juppé, Alain, 58–59, 61–62, 63, 64–65
Justice Department, U.S., 115, 116
J. W. Marriott Guanacaste Resort and Spa, 262–63
Kaaba, 184
Kafue, Zambia, 218
Kailua Beach, 387
Kailua Beach and Dune Management Plan, The (report), 385, 387
Kaing Guek Eav, 108
Kales, Arthur and Amy, 294
Kanagaratnam, Tina, 325–26
Kapamba base camp, 214–17, 228
Kaufmann, Kathy, 128
Kaunda, Kenneth, 218, 230, 236, 238
Kearney, Thomas H., 24
Kempinski hotel, 177
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 88
Kentlands Travel Agency, 381
Kenya, 207, 208, 220, 235, 242
elephant poaching in, 220
wildlife conservation in, 221–23
Kep, Cambodia, 111
Key West, Fla., 152
Khajavi, Alex, 272
Khmer Rouge, 37, 88, 90, 92, 95, 104, 105–8
Kiattiyotcharoen, Narain, 37
Kigali, Rwanda, 106
Killing Fields, The (film), 87
King, Brian, 201
Kirkham, Anthony, 199
Klein, Ross A., 145–46
Knot of Vipers, The (Mauriac), 62
Knowles, Tony, 159
Korea, demilitarized zone of, 286–87
Krippendorf, Jost, 269
Kruger National Park, 222, 239
Kuchchaveli, Sri Lanka, 280–81
Kusaka, Yoko, 114
Kutay, Sevil, 379
labor unions:
globalization and, 141–42
tourism industry and, 373–76
Lansky, Meyer, 368
Laos, 14
Las Perlas Archipelago, 248
Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, 370, 371
Las Vegas Convention Center, 370
Leahy, Michael, 28
Leakey, Richard, 221–23, 235, 240–41
Leeds Metropolitan University, 269
Lee Kuan Yew, 369
Lelyveld, Joseph, 28
Lemmo, Samuel J., 385
Leon, Donna, 85–86
Leonardo da Vinci, 39
Leshan Giant Buddha, 339
Levy, Michael, 319
Liang Sicheng, 298
Libya, 193
LICADHO, 110
Lichtenwald, Janice, 266
Lindblad Expeditions, 246, 248, 257
Lin Xi, 329–34
Living Planet report, 196
Livingstone, Zambia, 237
“Living Working Countryside” (Taylor), 74
Lloyds Cruise International, 164
London, 1851 Exposition in, 49
London Daily Mail, 72
Los Angeles Times, 30
“Lost Decade, The” (report), 360
Lovdal, Trond, 225
Love Boat, The (TV show), 137
Luangwa River valley, 211, 212, 218
Lufthansa, 172
Lula da Silva, Luis Inácio, 272–73, 276
Lustenberger, Joe, 372–73
Maasai, 242
Macao, 113, 295, 306, 314, 368–69
McBride, Kelly, 31
McCain, John, 366
McCartney, Mike, 387
McCullough, David, 248
McDonald’s, 243
McGhee, Dorothy, 376
McMafia (Glenny), 115
Magic Planet, 176
Maine, 161
Malawi, 218
Malaysia, 377–78
Malkovich, John, 73
Mam, Somaly, 117–18
Manaus, Brazil, 274
Mann, Thomas, 82
Manuel Antonio National Park, 261
Mao Zedong, 292, 297, 299, 300, 313, 330
Mardi Gras (cruise ship), 136, 137
marine life, threats to, 156
maritime transport industry:
environmental standards for, 157–58
flags of convenience in, 139, 142, 256
pollution from, 156
Marriott, J. W. “Bill,” Jr., 44, 276, 359, 361
Marriott family, 367
Marriott International, 340, 380
Brazilian rainforest preserve of, 271, 274–76
Chinese hotels of, 313–14, 315, 322
Marshall Plan, 52–54
Martin, Esmond, 234–35
Masdar, UAE, 195
Masdar Initiative, 195
mass tourism:
at Angkor temples, 91, 94–95, 98
dangers of, 47
Matthews, Charlie, 63–64
Matthews, Kathleen, 270–71, 274
Maud’hui, Philippe, 47, 57, 66, 75
Mauriac, François, 62
Mavrogiannis, Anthony, 381–82
Maxa, Rudy, 32
Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 181–85
media, see travel writers, travel writing
medical tourism, 18–19, 348, 376–79
Medina, Saudi Arabia, 182
MediTour Expo, 377
Mérimée, Prosper, 56
Mfuwe Lodge, 211–12, 214, 219, 223, 225, 226–27, 240
Miami, Fla., 34
Miami News, 26
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions) business, 18, 370–74
middle classes, as tourists, 10, 12
Middleton, Drew, 28
Minc, Alain, 71
mining:
in Costa Rica, 258–59
Mitterrand, François, 38
Mitterrand, Frédéric, 67
Mohammed Al-Maktoum, Sheikh, 169, 172
Moi, Daniel arap, 221
Moller, Eric, 324–25
Moloka’i, Hawaii, 152
Mona Lisa (Leonardo), 39
Monterey Bay, 161
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 253–54
Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, 237
Motse Lodge, 240
Moulinier, Alain, 68
M. Silvers Associates, 32
Muller, Margit Gabriele, 198
Murkowski, Frank, 160
Musée d’Orsay, 56
Muslims:
Hajj pilgrimages of, 17–18, 167, 170, 181–85
Umrah pilgrimages of, 181, 185
Mvula, Evelyn, 231–32
Nader, Ralph, 266
NagaWorld, 113–14
Nairobi, Kenya, 244
Nakheel, 179
Namugala, Catherine, 229, 232–33, 237
National (Abu Dhabi), 189
National Academy of Sciences, 381
National Geographic, 24–25, 31, 91, 154–155, 239, 246, 255, 257, 262, 266, 268
Center for Sustainable Destinations of, 155, 267
National Geographic Traveler, best vs. worst lists in, 267–68
National Museum of Modern Art, France, 56
National Museums of Kenya, 221
national parks, tourism and, 208–9, 220, 221, 252, 253, 382–84
National Park System, U.S., 38, 346, 382–83
National Review, 165
National Travel and Tourism Strategy, U.S., 365–66
Nature Conservancy, 259
Navigator of the Seas, The (cruise ship), 125–26, 143, 246
Negombo, Sri Lanka, 286
Nevada, 371
Newhouse, Nancy, 29–30
newspapers, tourism industry advertising in, 11, 26, 28, 33
Newsweek, 169
New World Development Company, 313
New York, N.Y., 365
tourism industry advertising in, 28
New York Times Travel section, 27–31
breadth of coverage by, 27–29
consumer pieces emphasized in, 29–31
gifts and free travel refused by, 27
New Zealand, 194
Chinese tourists in, 307–8
Foreign Ministry of, 162
tourism industry in economy of, 308
Nicaragua, civil war in, 254
Nides, Thomas R., 363–64
Nippon Television of Japan, 39
Nissan Shipping Building, 325
Noble Radiance, A (Leon), 85
nonprofits, cruise ship industry and, 165
Normandy, France, 51
Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia, 112
North Luangwa Park, 223
Norway, 162–63
Zambian aid from, 224–25
Nouvel, Jean, 191
nuclear power, 195
Nuseibeh, Sari, 28
Obama, Barack, 134, 244, 271–72, 348, 387, 388
in 2012 election, 364–65, 366–67
and 2016 Olympics bid, 361–62
U.S. tourism industry and, 360–65
Obama, Michelle, 361
Obama administration, National Travel and Tourism strategy of, 365–66
oceans, pollution of, 20, 34, 156–63, 196–97
Oduber, Daniel, 258
Ofer, Sammy, 134
Olympic National Park, 383–84
Olympics:
of 1992 (Barcelona), 350
of 2008 (Beijing), 163, 293–94, 322, 323, 333
of 2016 (Rio de Janeiro), 273, 276, 362
U.S. travel restrictions and, 361–62
Oman, 172
Ondaatje, Michael, 282
Oppenheimer, Nicky, 240
Oppenheimer, Strilli, 240
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 16, 348–49
Organization of American States, 251
Orlando, Fla., 370
Orly airport, 171
Orset, Christophe, 73–74
Osa Peninsula, 258–60
Ottoman Empire, 182
Out of Africa (Dinesen), 207
Out of Africa (film), 207, 211, 220
Out of the Rock Comes Life, 336
overconsumption, in UAE, 169–70, 196
Owen-Edmunds, Libby, 280
Pacheca island, 248
Pachequilla island, 248
Pacific Asia Travel Association, 287
Paggiarin, Claudio, 35–36, 78–79, 82
Palestinians, 185
Palin, Sarah, 165
Palm Jumeirah, 178
national parks of, 249
ship registry of, 140
Panama Canal, 247–48
Pan American Airways, 27
pandas, 335–38
“panther path,” 262
Papi, Daniela Ruby, 103
Parayil, Gopinath, 263
Paris, France, 70–72
as center for business meetings, 53
Twain’s love of, 50
Universal Exposition (1889) in, 50
Parker, Robert, 65–66
Park West Gallery, 131, 147–48
Parnell, Sean, 161
partisan politics, tourism policy and, 366–67
Patients Beyond Borders, 379
Patrick, Deval L., 374
Payton, Donald L., 148
Peace Corps, 228
Pei, I. M., 38
Pellerin, Mathieu, 110
Pensione La Calcina (Venice), 82
PEPY, 103
Pérol, Jean-Philippe, 69
Petruccelli, Charles, 272
Phiai, Deborah, 211–12
philanthropy, conservation, 225–26, 238–40, 254, 264
philanthropy tourism, 268
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 37, 94, 105–13
Phuket, Thailand, 194
Picasso, Pablo, 47
see also Hajj pilgrimage
Pinto, Fernando, 272
Pluma, H. H., 285
poachers, 214, 218, 219–21, 222, 239
China and, 234–35
pollution:
air, 38, 71, 82, 85, 163–64, 332–33, 338
in Bali, 197
in China, 302, 332–33, 338, 340
from cruise ships, 20, 30, 34, 82, 85, 134, 156–64
in Dubai, 196–97
Polo, Marco, 23
Pol Pot, 108
Pope, Adam, 233
population growth, tourism and, 38
Poretz, Donald and Susan, 294
Pouillon, Olivier, 197
poverty reduction, tourism and, 19–20, 35, 230, 376, 390
preservation, development vs., 111–12, 184–85, 326–27, 339, 340
Prestige oil spill, 158
Pritchett, V. S., 28
Pritzker family, 134
public relations, blurred lines between travel writers and, 26–27, 30, 31–32, 33
Qatar, 172
Qin Shi Huang Di, 331
Qiu Xialolong, 326
Quai Branly Museum, 56
Quakers, in Costa Rica, 253–54
“race to the bottom,” 145
Raffles Hotels, 90–91
Rainforest Alliance, 264
Rainier, Mount, 346
Rajapaksa, Mahinda, 278
Rashid Al-Maktoum, Sheikh, 171, 172
Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak, Princess, 197–98
Reid, Harry, 362
Renaissance Hotel Group, 313
Reno, Janet, 159
Republican Party:
government spending on tourism opposed by, 352–53, 365, 367
in 2012 election, 366–67
Resorts World Sentosa, 113
retirees:
in France, 72–73
rhinos, threatened extinction of, 221
Rialto Bridge, Venice, 78–79
Rice, Condoleezza, 273
Ridge, Tom, 359
Riklis, Meshulam, 136
Riley, Richard, 199
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 276
as 2016 Olympics host, 273, 276, 362
Road of Lost Innocence, The (Mam), 117
Robb, Graham, 51
Robinson, James, III, 14–15, 270
Rome, pilgrimages to, 182
Romero, Oscar, 254
Romney, Mitt, 367
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 354, 384
Roots (Haley), 242–43
“Roots” tours, 242–44
Roth, Toby, 352
Rough Guide to the World (TV show), 271
Rousseff, Dilma, 365
Royal Caribbean International, 125, 128, 130, 134, 136, 140–41, 143, 151, 247, 256, 257
art sales lawsuit against, 148
Diamonds International and, 128, 149–50
illegal waste water dumping by, 158–59
ship registry of, 140
waste treatment systems of, 161
Rushmore, Mount, 345
Ruskin, John, 82
Saadiyat Island, 191
sable (African antelope), 215, 217
safaris, see Africa, national parks in, safaris in
St. George’s Castle (Elmina), 242
St. Ignatius Church (Lusaka), 210–11
St. Onge, Alain, 174
Sanders, Daniel, 60
Sanders, Véronique, 60–61
Sands Macao, 369
San Giorgio Maggiore (Venice), 82
San Miguel, Mexico, 129
Santiago de Compostela, pilgrimages to, 182, 185–86
Sarajevo, Bosnia, 106
Sata, Michael, 238
Saudi Arabia, 167
and commercial development in Mecca, 184–85
Hajj pilgrimage controlled by, 182–83
Save the Rhino Trust, 218
Scat (Hiaasen), 384
Schweitzer Mountain, 384
Scott, Ridley, 73–74
“scramble for Africa,” 208
Sea Lion (ship), 245, 246, 248, 255–57, 262
Selling the Sea (Dickinson and Vladimir), 137
Semeleer, Jane, 150
Senegal, 242
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks:
aircraft grounding after, 354
impact on U.S. tourism of, 347–48, 353–59, 361–62, 365, 366
serendipity, disappearance of, 18
Sex and the City 2 (film), 180
sex tourism, 20, 30, 114–21, 190–91
in Cambodia, 92, 93, 104–5, 111, 114–21
exploitation of children in, 114–15, 116–17, 119
rape and torture in, 117
Seychelles Tourism Board, 174
Shaanxi, China, 336
Shaanxi Grand Opera House, 334
Art Deco buildings in, 324, 325–26
Disneyland in, 323–24
historic preservation vs. development in, 326–27
2010 World Expo in, 322–23
Shanghai Literary Festival, 326
Sharma, Rashmi, 311
Shenandoah National Park, 384–85
Sheridan, Virginia, 32
shipping industry, see maritime transport industry
Shoumatoff, Alex, 235
Sichuan Province, China:
panda reserves in, 335
2008 earthquake in, 320, 335–36
Siegel, Bugsy, 368
Siem Reap, Cambodia, 92–93, 103–4, 105
poverty in, 99–100
unrestricted tourism in, 98
water infrastructure in, 98–99
Siem Reap River, 93
pollution in, 98
Sierra-Caro, Lyan, 145
Sihanouk, Norodom, 90
Sihanoukville, Cambodia, 111, 119
Sinhalese, 279–80
Sir Bani Yas Island wildlife preserve, 198
Ski Dubai, 176–77
slave trade, heritage of, 242–43
Sleeping Buddha Temple, Beijing, 298
Smith, Richard F., 199–200
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 248
Society of American Travel Writers, 31
Sofitel Angkor resort, 103–4
solar energy, 195
Soubert, Son, 98
Sound of Music, The (film), 180
South Africa, 208, 209, 210, 222, 233, 240, 375
South Korea, Cambodian tourism industry and, 98–99
South Luangwa National Park, 211–17, 218, 224–29
infrastructure of, 224–26
Norwegian investment in, 224–25
Soutif, Dominique, 95–96, 97, 100
Spark, Muriel, 28
Spelling, Aaron, 137
Spence, Jonathan D., 317
sports, tourism industry and, 273
Sri Lanka, 19
biodiversity of, 283–84
civil war in, 278–80, 282, 286
degraded infrastructure of, 286
human rights issues in, 282
national parks of, 284
Sri Lanka, tourism in, 36
economic share of, 281
effects of civil war on, 278–79, 282
high-end travelers in, 283, 284
postwar land grab in, 280–81
sustainable development in, 287
Sri Lanka Tourism, 282
Stadhams, Dianne, 45
Stahl, Ralf, 200
Stark, Freya, 25
Starwood Hotels, 314
State Department, U.S., 191
Bureau of Consular Affairs, 358
improved visa process of, 363–64, 366
Stettinius, Edward, 139
Steves, Rick, 32
stewardship principles, 267
Stones of Venice (Ruskin), 82
Storella, Mark C., 210
Sud Ouest, 62
Summers, Lawrence, 360
Sunday Times (London), 355
Sun House, 284
Suraphon Svetasreni, 194
Svalbard Archipelago, 162
Sweeting, James, 154, 157, 159, 161, 163
Switzerland, 10
Sylor, Lin, 118
Syria, 193
Taine, Hippolyte, 49
Taj Mahal, overcrowding of, 30
Taliban, 169
Tamils, 279–80
Tamil Tigers, 280
Tang Dynasty, 330–31
Tang Paradise Hotel, 330
Taylor, Matthew, 74
Tazara Railway, 236
technological revolution, tourism and, 14
Terra-Cotta Army (Xian), 328–29, 331–32
Terzani, Tiziano, 298
Thai Tourism Industry Association, 194
theme parks, tourism and, 382–84, 385
Thong Khon, 103–5
Tiananmen Square massacre, 305, 330
Tibet:
Chinese invasion of, 302
Chinese tourism industry and, 302, 321
political protests in, 321
Tilarán Mountains, 253
Tilton, Glenn, 359
Timbers, Becky, 255
Tisch, Jonathan M., 361
Tollman, Brett, 116
Tonlé Sap River, 98
Torrey Canyon oil spill, 158
Tottle, Brian, 83–84
Toujours Provence (Mayle), 72
tourism, tourism industry, 7–39
academic degrees in, 379–80
as consumer engine, 45
cultural degradation from, 20–21, 30, 202–3
definition and categorization of, 16
as development strategy, 89–90, 99, 376
environmental degradation and, 20, 30, 35, 38, 195–96, 199–200, 271, 272
future of, 389
governmental role in, 33–34, 66, 69, 347, 349
Great Recession (2008) and, 271, 273–274, 360
growth of, 10, 13–14, 15, 19, 29, 57, 173, 355
history of, 9–17
homogenization of, 67
as ignored by governmental and economic leadership, 17, 272
low-volume, high-value, 21
motivation for, 10
poverty reduction and, 19–20, 35, 230, 376, 390
size of, 7, 10, 14–17, 45, 66–67, 194, 270, 351, 389
see also ecotourism; geotourism; green tourism
Tourism for Tomorrow Awards, 270, 276
Tourism Ministry, Cambodia, 105, 108–10, 119
Tourism New Zealand, 307–8
Tourism Policy Council, U.S., 352
Tourism Satellite Account system, 16–17, 45, 270
tourism villages, 154
Tourtellot, Jonathan, 154–55, 266–68, 341
Toynbee, Arnold, 297
Train à Grande Vitesse (TGV), 56–57, 59
transportation, tourism and, 56–57, 67
Transportation Security Administration, U.S., 354
travel agents, 381–82
Travel and Tourism Administration, U.S., 349, 365
Travel Business Roundtable, 359
travel guides, 11–13, 23–24, 26
travel philanthropy, 101–2, 103
Travel Promotion Act (2010), 362, 372
“Travel to America? No Thanks” (London Sunday Times), 355
travel writers, travel writing:
blurred lines between public relations and, 26–27, 30, 31–32, 33
gifts and free trips accepted by, 22, 26–27, 31–33, 164
Internet and, 30
at New York Times, 27–31
in nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, 22–23
uncritical view of tourism industry in, 22, 29–30, 31
Travis, David, 354
Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, 240
Turner, Ted, 263–64
Twain, Mark, 49–50
Uk Someth, 100
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 19, 65, 77, 81, 97, 339
World Heritage Sites of, 19, 65, 81, 186, 241, 243, 267, 284, 339
United Arab Emirates, 170, 172, 192
alternative energy in, 195
carbon emissions in, 195–96
cultural degradation in, 202–3
cultural differences in, 190
Emiratis in workforce of, 168, 201–2
environmental degradation in, 195–96
foreign workers in, 168–69, 174, 186–89
human rights issues in, 187–89, 192
labor camps in, 187–88
limited democracy in, 168
oil in, 168
overconsumption in, 169–70, 196
sex tourism in, 190–91
water usage in, 200–201
wildlife conservation in, 197–98
see also Abu Dhabi; Dubai
United Kingdom, growth of second homes in, 74
United Nations, 104
Cambodian peacekeeping mission of, 89, 114–15
China in, 300
environmental pollution enforcement by, 157
REDD program of, 276
Security Council of, 46
United Nations Development Program, 100
United Nations Environment Programme, 163, 264
United Nations Foundation, 264–65
United Nations International Labour Organization, 17, 100, 187, 375–76
United Nations International Maritime Organization, 157, 164
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, 110
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 7–8, 13, 14, 16, 19, 48, 90, 91, 146, 237, 264, 270, 295, 303, 380–81
Chinese tourist study of, 309
environmental concerns of, 35
origins of, 9–10
as underfunded, 34
United States, tourism in, 37–38, 345–88
declining global market share of, 347, 352, 360
foreign visitors made to feel unwelcome in, 355–59, 361–62
foreign visitors’ spending in, 351, 357, 361
government policy as barrier to, 358–59
impact of post-9/11 security policies on, 347–48, 353–59, 361–62, 365, 366
minimal government spending on, 34, 347, 348, 352–53, 359–60
national parks and, 382–84
national website for, 363
partisan politics and, 366–67
revived government support for, 363–64
as share of national economy, 350, 351, 352
states’ role in promotion of, 349
Unite Here, 374
Universal Exposition, Paris (1889), 50
Urema, Lake, 239
U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, 106
U.S. Travel Association, 355, 359, 362, 366, 367
Vachier, Christian, 68
Van Beek, Alexander, 61–62
Vancouver, B.C., 163
Vanity Fair, 235
Var region, France, 73
Var Village Voice, 73–74
Venetian Macao, 369
Venice, 35–36
Chinese tourists in, 84–85, 310
cost of living in, 77, 78, 79, 80, 86
cruise ships as detrimental to, 77, 81, 85, 152, 153
cultural legacy of, 76–78
disappearance of local shops in, 79–80, 84
flooding in, 77
Japanese tourists in, 76
mass tourism in, 21, 75, 76–86
real estate prices in, 80
shrinking native population of, 77, 78–79, 85
tourist-oriented zoning in, 77
Vercammen, Paul, 198
Vesak Bochea, 103
Viana, Virgilio, 274–76
Victoria Falls, 236–37
Vietnam War, 292
Vins & Spiritueux, 61
visas:
post-9/11 U.S. policies on, 353, 355, 356–58
revised U.S. policies on, 363–64, 366
Vladimir, Andy, 137
“volun-tourism,” 101
Vulliamy, Ed, 356
Wackman, Harold, 222
Wahhabism, 185
Waikiki beach, 386
Wallcott Holdings, 378
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, 359, 383, 385
Wanglang reserve, 335
“War on Terrorism,” 354
Washington Post, 31, 284, 389–90
Washington State University, 226
waste discharge, from cruise ships, 156–157
water usage, in tourism industry, 200–201
Wat Phnom Bakheng, 96
Waugh, Evelyn, 81
Weekly Standard, 165
Weinz, Wolfgang, 17, 187, 375–76
Wells, Patricia, 28
Wenshuyuan Buddhist Temple (Chengdu), 338
West, Rebecca, 25
West Africa, 242
Wharton School, 15–16
White House Conference on Travel and Tourism (1995), 350–51, 353
White Mischief (Fox), 217
Wiens, Hansi, 357
Wiens, Valeria Vinnikova, 356–57
Wiesel, Elie, 28
wildlife conservation:
African national parks and, 212–13, 218–19, 226
in China, 335–38
in Kenya, 221–23
tourism and, 232–34, 238, 239–41
in UAE, 197–98
Wilhelm, John, 374–75
William, Prince of England, 385
Wilmers, Elisabeth, 60
Wilmers, Robert, 60–61
wind power, 195
wine, global market for, 62
With the Best Intentions (U.N. report), 102–3
Wolf, Bonny, 319
Wong Lai Lin, Mary, 377–78
Wooldridge, Jane, 32–33
World Congress on Art Deco, 327
World Economic Forum of Geneva, 270
World Green Tourism conference, 193–195, 197–98, 199–203, 263
World Heritage Sites, 19, 65, 81, 186, 241, 243, 267, 284, 339
World Intellectual Property Organization, 148
World Savers Awards, 276–77
World Tourism Organization, 119
World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), 14–16, 45, 167–68
Global Tourism Business Award of, 271
9th Annual Summit of, 269–74
Tourism for Tomorrow Awards of, 270, 276
World War I, 51
World War II, 52
World Wildlife Fund, 196, 214, 259, 335
Lonmin Award of, 240
Wynn Macau, 369
Xian, China, 328–34
Tang Dynasty history park in, 330–31
Terra-Cotta Army of, 328–29, 331–32
Xiang Ding Qian, 336
Yamamay, 275
Year in Provence, A (Mayle), 72
Yellow Mountain (Huangshan), 301
Yellowstone National Park, 239, 346
Youk Chhang, 107–8
Yugoslavia, 25
Yunnan Province, China, 317, 318, 320
Zambia, 37, 209–10, 218, 235, 311
Chinese investment in, 236, 238
coal mining in, 236
economy of, 229
foreign aid to, 224–25
mineral industries in, 210, 228, 236
population growth in, 232
subsistence farming in, 232, 233
Tourism Board of, 231
wildlife conservation in, 223, 224–25
Zambia, national parks in, 210–19, 223–32
distribution of revenues from, 233
infrastructure of, 232
sport hunting in, 232–33
subsistence farms and, 233
Zambia, tourism industry in, 210–11, 237
corruption and, 233
foreign aid to, 224
Zambian Wildlife Authority (ZAWA), 224, 225, 233
Zimbabwe, 208, 209, 218, 235, 237
Zoological Society of London, 196