“I get their emails”: Author interview with Stuart Emmrich, February 22, 2008.
“There were three finalists”: Author interview with Patrice Tedjini, Madrid, May 28, 2009.
The first time the world powers: Patrice Tedjini, “UNWTO: An Organization Serving the World Tourism Community,” Madrid, May 2009.
Nine years later tourism was recalibrated: A. K. Bhatia, Tourism Development: Principles and Practices (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2002).
French Office National: James Buzard, “Culture for Export,” in Shelley Baranowski and Ellen Furlough, eds., Being Elsewhere: Tourism, Consumer Culture and Identity in Modern Europe and North America (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001), p. 301.
A decade later a TWA 707 flew: Anthony Sampson, Empires of the Sky (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984), pp. 134–35.
In 1950, shortly after World War II: UNWTO, Tourism 2020 Vision, Europe, Volume 4 (Madrid: UNWTO, 2001), p. 11.
“Before, only the elite could afford”: Author interview with Arthur Frommer, April 20, 2009.
Ten years after its debut: Nora Ephron, Wallflower at the Orgy (New York: Viking Press, 1970), p. 124.
Before 1990, Western Europe: Frederico Costa, “European Tourism Forum: Analysis of Trends and Changes in European Tourism Demand”: http://www.e.c.europe.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/files/forum_2008/frederic_costa_en.pdf.
Robinson did his homework: James Robinson III, WTTC Conference, 2010, Shanghai, China, http://www.globaltraveltourism.com/previous-summits/2010/china-content930c.html?page.
the United Nations tourism organization: UNWTO, Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (Madrid: UNWTO, 2001).
“economic and employment impact”: Pacific Asia Travel Association, “Coming Soon to an NTO Near You: Tourism Satellite Accounts,” Hotels Online Special Report, http://www.hotelonline.com/News/PressReleases1999_3rd/July99_PATATSA.html.
“A movement has been started”: Francesco Frangialli, International Tourism: The Great Turning Point, Texts and Documents, 2001.2003, Vol. III (Madrid: UNWTO, 2004), pp. 33–39, a speech at Vancouver, Canada, May 2001.
The graph line for this travel: see UNWTO, Tourism 2020 Vision, for figures of annual tourist arrivals.
At least one out of every ten: Author interview with Wolfgang Weinz, September 5, 2011.
If frequent-flyer miles were a currency: “Frequent-Flyer Miles: Funny Money,” The Economist, December 20, 2005.
Entire Austrian, Swiss and German: Rosa Golijan, “Online Service Lets You Rent an Entire Country,” MSNBC, April 15, 2011, http://digitallife.today.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/04/15/6475973-online-service-lets-you-rent-an-entire-country?lite.
Ireland turned to tourism: “Irish Prime Minister Recognizes That Tourism Is Critical for Economic Recovery,” World Travel and Tourism Council, October 7, 2011, excerpts of speech by Taoiseach Enda Kenny, Prime Minister of Ireland, http://www.wttc.org/news-media/news–archive/2011/irish-prime-minister-recognises-tourism-critical-economic-recove/.
Egypt sent out a plea: Dina Zayed, “Egypt Awaits Tourism Recovery,” Reuters, October 20, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/20/uk-egypt-tourism-idUSLNE79J02920111020.
The German-based Baedeker: Karl Baedeker, Jerusalem and Its Surroundings: Handbook for Travelers (London: Dulau & Co., reprint, 1973), p. 22.
For the handbook for Egypt: Karl Baedeker, Egypt and the Sudan: Handbook for Travelers (New York: Scribner, reprint, 1929).
the author’s overland trek surveying the jungle: R. E. Peary, “Across Nicaragua with Transit and Machete,” National Geographic, 1, no. 4 (1889).
Traveling by camel caravan: Thomas H. Kearney, “The Date Gardens of the Jerid,” National Geographic, July 1910.
a winter’s “ramble” through Concord: Herbert W. Gleason, “Winter Rambles in Thoreau’s Country,” National Geographic, February 1920.
A master of the genre: Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (London: Canongate Books, new edition, 2011).
Stuart Newman was in on the ground floor: Author interviews with Stuart Newman, February 28 and March 18, 2008.
Michael Leahy was the: Author interview with Michael Leahy, February 29, 2008.
Nancy Newhouse was in charge: Author interview with Nancy Newhouse, May 8, 2009.
“Our competition is everybody and everything”: Author interview with Catherine Hamm, March 5, 2008.
“If you take ethics seriously”: Author interview with Kelly McBride, March 11, 2008.
Daily defends the free trips: Author interview with Laura Daily, March 4, 2008.
“our relationship with the lifestyle”: Author interview with Virginia Sheridan, March 11, 2008.
thanks in part to Tom Fiedler: Author interview with Tom Fiedler, February 26, 2008.
The publicist for one: Author interview with Doug Hanks III, February 28, 2008.
“It’s a pile of crap”: Author interview with Jane Wooldridge, March 12, 2008.
“The issue of numbers of tourists, what they do”: Author interview with Luigi Cabrini, May 27, 2009.
5 billion euros to Italy alone: Annia Ciezadlo, “Hunger Games,” New York Times Magazine, August 3, 2011, p. 21.
redesigned in 2005 to reduce: Alan Riding, “In Louvre, New Room with View of Mona Lisa,” New York Times, April 6, 2005.
France has become the most visited: UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2011, http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr.pd. It is the most visited country in the world, with 82 million foreign tourists visiting the country annually. GDP (PPP): $2.130 trillion. Population: 65,073,482
“More Chinese visited Paris”: J. W. Marriott, Jr., speaking at “Regaining U.S. Economic Growth and Global Leadership,” discussion at the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, D.C., November 30, 2010, http://www.cfr.org/economics/ceo-speaker-series-regaining-us-economic-growth-global-leadership/p23523.
Among the emblematic stories: Dianne Stadhams, “Look to Learn a Role for Visual Ethnography in the Elimination of Poverty,” Visual Anthropology Review 20, no. 1 (Spring 2004).
“At a minimum”: Author interview with Philippe Maud’hui, September 9, 2010.
“We can’t explain any of that, really”: Author interview with Marco Marchetti, September 14, 2010.
The first tourists were the intrepid: Graham Robb, The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography from the Revolution to the First World War (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), p. 27.
“At last, and beyond all question”: Mark Twain, Innocents Abroad (New York: Modern Library, reprint, 2007), p. 95.
Gustave Eiffel said with slight exaggeration: Jill Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower (New York: Viking, 2009), p. 92.
“Nothing of this magnitude had happened”: Robb, The Discovery of France, p. 312.
including a 1936 law: Joel Colton, Leon Blum: Humanist in Politics (New York, Knopf, 1966), pp. 132–33.
When the United States extended aid: Brian Angus McKenzie, Remaking France: Americanization, Public Diplomacy and the Marshall Plan (Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2005).
People from the north—English, French: Tony Judt, Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 (New York: Penguin, 2005), p. 343.
“Juppé has given us a work of art”: Author interview with Christian Delom, May 28, 2010.
“When I go to Asia”: Author interview with Véronique Sanders, September 16, 2010.
“There we stood together”: François Mauriac, A Mauriac Reader (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1968).
“huge, huge and very strong”: Author interview with Olivier Cuvelier, September 15, 2010.
“I wrote the story of the last cargo ship”: Author interview with Yves Harté, September 17, 2010.
“I knew the English market very well”: Author interview with Charlie Matthews, September 17, 2010.
Juppé’s plan was to rejuvenate: Author interview with Stéphane Delaux, September 17, 2010.
“I was not surprised”: Author interview with Alain Juppé following his discussion at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C., February 8, 2011.
“the cultural offering”: Christian Fraser, “How the Arts Are Funded Outside the U.K.-France,” BBC, October 20, 2010, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11569883.
“Those beautiful landscapes”: Author interview with Patrick Falcone, September 9, 2010.
“They have a higher education”: Author interview with Jean-Philippe Pérol, June 30, 2010.
Her apartment in Montmartre: Author interview with Nina Sutton, May 12, 2010.
“There was never any discussion”: Author interview with Alain Minc, September 13, 2010.
France is consistently rated: Sunday Times (London), June 20, 2008, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/money/consumer_affairs/article3215247.ece.
“sheets ahead of its European counterparts”: Sean Poulter, “France Tops Survey as Best Place to Emigrate,” Daily Mail (London), September 22, 2010.
“I didn’t want to buy into a dying town”: Author interview with Ambassador Frances Cook, September 4, 2009.
Sir Ridley complained: “Ridley Scott Loses Provence Chicken War,” Var Village Voice, January 2010, p. 6, http://www.varvillagevoice.com (subscription only).
Recently a British government report: Matthew Taylor, “Living Working Countryside: The Taylor Review of Rural Economy and Affordable Housing,” U.K. Department for Communities and Local Government, London, July 2008.
“made aware in advance”: Author interview with Lord Taylor, December 16, 2010.
Matteo Gabbrielli was easy to spot: Author interview with Matteo Gabbrielli, June 3, 2010.
Zoning favors the hotel business: Between 2002 and 2008 the number of properties offering tourist accommodation has risen by 450 percent. Rachel Spence, “Is Tourism Ruining Venice?” Daily Telegraph (London), April 14, 2008. Cathy Newman, “Vanishing Venice,” National Geographic, August 2009, cites an increase of 600 percent since 1999.
The population of the historic city has dropped: Population is tallied every decade. It halved from 121,000 to 62,000 from 1966 to 2006. John Hooper, “Population Decline set to Turn Venice into Italy’s Disneyland,” The Guardian, August 25, 2006.
“When our population reaches under 60,000”: Author interview with Flavio Gregori, Claudio Paggiarin and Marco Malafante, Venice, June 5, 2010.
The 40xVenezia group has remedies: 40xVenezia: Appunti e riflessioni sulla città (Venice: 40xVenezia, February 2010).
“could help send the vulnerable Venice”: The UNESCO advertisement appeared in the International Herald Tribune, September 2, 2009, p. 5.
“greatest surviving work of art”: Garry Wills, Venice: Lion City—The Religion of Empire (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), p. 11.
pollution from the diesel engines that are kept running: Jake Mooney, “A Plan to Cut Cruise Ship Pollution,” New York Times, March 6, 2009.
The air pollution from just one: “Protect Our Oceans: Stop Cruise Ship Pollution; Cruise Ship Waste: Laws and Regulations.” (Each day, a ship with 3,000 passengers and crew generates air pollutants equivalent to 12,000 automobiles. http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/o/uploads/cruiseshipwaste_uslawsandregulations.pdf.
While Venetians may abhor these ads: Elisabetta Povoledo, “Walls of Ads Test Venice’s Patience,” New York Times, September 13, 2010.
Some citizen groups believe a new tax: Anna Somers Cocks, “Tourists to Contribute to Costs of Venice,” Art Newspaper, November 18, 2010, http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/tourists-to-contribute-to-cost-of-Venice/21786.
the wave of Chinese tourism: UNWTO, “The Chinese Outbound Travel Market with Special Insight into the Image of Europe as a Destination,” 2008.
“I remember when, for a few thousand lire”: Donna Leon discussion at Politics and Prose Bookstore, Washington, D.C., April 11, 2011.
“one of the few development opportunities”: UNWTO, Tourism and Poverty Alleviation (Madrid: UNWTO, 2002).
“It was daring of them”: Author interview with Roland Eng, April 26, 2010, and January 11, 2011.
In two recent surveys: World Heritage Sites in National Geographic Traveler, November 2006, pp. 114–23; and National Geographic coastal destinations, November 2010, http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/coastal-destinations-rated/.
“Left to itself”: Roland Eng, “Cambodia: The future Challenge for Tourism,” http://www.intracem/prgwefef2005/tourism_mega_cluster_papers/Cambodia.
pushing tourism to Cambodia: Tourism statistics: Cambodia Ministry of Tourism website, http://www.tourismcambodia.org/mot/index.php?view=statistic_report.
“enclosed in immense walls”: Georges Coedes, Angkor: An Introduction (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 45.
“It is not good”: Author interview with Yut, April 26, 2010.
“For sure, these temples”: Author interview with Dominique Soutif, April 26, 2010.
Groslier and his father George: Bernard-Philippe Groslier, Angkor: Hommes et Pierres (Paris: Arthaud, 1965).
These countries, along with the United Nations: “I.C.C.-Angkor: 15 Years of International Cooperation and Sustainable Development,” UNESCO, 2009, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001890/189010e.pdf.
Other organizations are less inhibited: “Saving Our Vanishing Heritage,” Global Heritage Fund Report, 2010, http://globalheritagefund.org/images/uploads/docs/GHFVanishingGlobalHeritageSitesinPeril102010.pdf.
Son Soubert, an archeologist: Author interview with Son Soubert, January 8, 2011.
The World Bank sounded a similar alarm: “Sharing Growth: Equity and Development in Cambodia,” The World Bank Equity Report, 2007, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCAMBODIA/Resources/293755-1181597206916/E&D_Full-Report.pdf.
South Korea is a major patron: staff, “South Korea to Increase Aid, Investment for Cambodia,” Xinhua, January 14, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-01/14/content_9323040.htm.
The largest project: “Korea Plans to Establish a New Airport in Siem Reap in Order to Expand Tourism Sector,” Investment News in Cambodia Mirror, March 14, 2011, http://investmentnewsincambodia-mirror.blogspot.com/2011/03/korea-plans-to-establish-new-airport-in.html.
building a $400 million casino: Daniel Ten Kate, “South Korean Developer Courts Harrah’s for Casino at Cambodia’s Angkor Wat,” Bloomberg.com, July 29, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-29/south-korean-developer-courts-harrah-s-for-casino-at-cambodia-s-angkor-wat.htmlcom.
A Cambodian whistle-blower: Peter Olszewski, “Two-Night Concert Could Resurrect Reputation,” Phnom Penh Post, December 31, 2010.
The “leakage” of money: Author interview with Douglas Broderick, February 10, 2012.
Broderick pointed to: “Cambodia Country Competitiveness: Driving Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction,” United Nations Development Program, discussion paper no. 7, April 2009, p. 39.
“The province of Siem Reap is now”: Uk Someth, “La Ceinture Verte de Siem Reap,” Cambodge Nouveau, Janvier 2011, p. 8.
Prime Minister Hun Sen argues otherwise: “Cambodia P.M. Message on World Tourism Day: Commitment to Fight Poverty,” Agence Khmer Press, September 27, 2010, http://namnewsnetwork.org/v3/read.php?id=134552.
A website called Scambodia: http://www.scambodia.com. Posted by blogroll, a local business that wanted to remain anonymous, March 8, 2009.
“I now know why Angelina Jolie”: http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/wendyworld/4/1261194608/tpod.html.
In 2012 the United Nations published: “With the Best Intentions: A Study of Attitudes Towards Residential Care in Cambodia,” Cambodian Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation and UNICEF, 2011, http://www.un.org.kh/index.php?option=com_jdownloads&Itemid=65&view=finish&cid=93&catid=4.
“Sometimes I think people leave their brains at home”: Author interview with Daniela Ruby Papi, April 25, 2010.
“We can sell Cambodia to the world”: Author interview with Thong Khon, Minister of Tourism, April 26, 2010.
Tuol Sleng was a high school: Elizabeth Becker, When the War Was Over (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986).
Cambodia is now on the circuit: Steve Silva, “Genocide Tourism: Tragedy Becomes a Destination,” Chicago Tribune, August 5, 2007.
Questions were raised when a Pennsylvania farmer: Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone, eds., The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism (Bristol, U.K.: Channel View Publications, 2009).
“Holocaust institutions do everything they can”: Author interview with Michael Abramowitz, January 19, 2011.
“How can we learn”: Author interview with Youk Chhang, February 13, 2011.
Then one morning in 2005: Kay Kimsong and Karen Hawkins, “Gov’t Tourism Office Traded for Villa, Cash,” Cambodia Daily, April 14, 2005.
The dispossessed were never given market value: “Borei Keila: Cambodia’s Social Housing Project Five Years On,” report by LICADHO human rights organization, December 19, 2008, http://www.licadho-cambodia.org/articles/20081219/84/index.html.
LICADHO is one of a handful: Others include: Centre on Housing Rights and Eviction COHRE/Asia; the Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association (ADHOC); the Community Legal Education Center (CLEC).
“This group had a very strong claim”: Author interview with Mathieu Pellerin, April 24, 2010.
There is nothing hidden about this epidemic: Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Commission on Human Rights, 42nd Session, Geneva, May 4–22, 2009, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/cescrs42.htm.
Global witness, the nonprofit: “Country for Sale,” a Global Witness Report, February 2009, http://www.globalwitness.org/sites/default/files/library/country_for_sale_low_res_english. Also, Adrian Levy and Cathy Scott-Clark, “Country for Sale,” The Guardian, April 26, 2008, www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/apr/26/Cambodia.
“I have to make a decision”: Kay Kimsong and Lee Berthiaume, “P.M. Reverses Freeze on Land Deals,” Cambodia Daily, March 15, 2005.
More than 100 families fought eviction: “S’ville Residents Clear Privately Built Roadblock,” Cambodia Daily, March 10, 2005.
An army of bulldozers: “Country for Sale,” The Guardian.
This is not to say that all foreign: Kay Kimsong, “Paradise in the Making,” Phnom Penh Post, January 22, 2011.
To build just one: Prak Chan Thul and Lee Berthiaume, “Poipet Casino Orders 218 Families to Move,” Cambodia Daily, April 12, 2005.
contribute only $17 million: “Cambodia’s Gambling Industry Contributes 17 Million USD in Tax Revenues in 2006,” Xinhau, January 16, 2007, http://www.english.peopledaily.com.cn/200701/16/eng20070116_341731.html.
These loose rules are poorly enforced: “The Asian Gaming 50,” Asian Gaming, September 2011, http://www.asgam.com/cover-stories/item/1288.html.
Singapore approved the construction: Michael Lenz, “Singapore ‘Casino Royale,’ ” Southeast Asia Globe, April 2010.
The government gave Chen Lip Keong: “The Asian Gaming 50,” Asian Gaming, September 2011, http://www.asgam.com/cover-stories/item/1288.html.
NagaWorld made $35 million in profits: NagaWorld Company Report, February 2010, http://www.nagacorp.com/assets/files/eng/analyst/research/SunHungKaiFinancial.pdf.
“is operating to extract”: “The Order of Hun Sen to Prohibit Khmer Citizens from Gambling in Casinos Is Not Applied by the Owner of the Naga Casino,” Cambodia Mirror, March 17, 2010.
like this one from Roise Reisen: Michael Hitchcock et al., eds., Tourism in Southeast Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2009), pp. 198–99.
Yoko Kusaka: Ibid.
Brothels returned to Cambodia: Colum Lynch, “U.N. Faces More Accusations of Sexual Misconduct,” Washington Post, March 13, 2005.
“Highway of Shame”: Misha Glenny, McMafia: A Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld (New York: Knopf, 2008).
according to the U.S. Department of Justice: “Child Sex Tourism,” U.S. Department of Justice, Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, http://www.justice.gov/criminal/ceos/sextour.html.
Brett Tollman: Comments at the World Travel and Tourism Council Conference, Florianópolis, Brazil, May 16, 2009.
the Czech hotel industry lobbied: Dan Bilefsky, “Financial Crisis Tames Demand of World’s Oldest Service,” New York Times, December 9, 2008.
But even though every minute: Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), p. 3.
“Sometimes a normal tourist”: Author interview with Marina Diotallevi, May 27, 2009.
80,000 Italian men: Muireann O’Briain, Milena Grillo and Helia Barbosa, “Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in Tourism,” The World Congress Against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, Brazil, 2008, http://www.ecpat.net/worldcongressIII/PDF/Publications/CST/ThematicPaperCSTENG.pdf.
Male tourists traveling to Cambodia: Frederic Thomas and Leigh Mathews, “Who Are the Child Sex Tourists in Cambodia,” Child Wise Report, December 2006, South Melbourne, Australia.
“Visitors taking a trip”: Nuon Rithy Niron, Yit Viriya and Laurence Gray, “Children’s Work, Adult’s Play: Child Sex Tourism, the Problem in Cambodia,” World Vision Report with the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism and the Cambodian National Council for Children, Phnom Penh, 2001.
Somaly Mam, a Cambodian woman: Somaly Mam, The Road of Lost Innocence: The True Story of a Cambodian Heroine (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2008).
In a survey, tour agents estimated: Caroline Putnam-Cramer, Child Sex Tourism: Study of the Scope of the Problem and Evaluation of Existing Anti-Child Sex Tourism Initiatives, The Protection Project at Johns Hopkins University and COSECAM (Phnom Penh, COSECAM Publications, 2005).
in response to growing pressure from Europe: Christine Beddoe, C. Michael Hall and Chris Ryan, The Incidence of Sexual Exploitation of Children in Tourism (Madrid: UNWTO, 2001), pp. 37–44.
“Most of the young children are sold by”: Author interview with Ron Dunne, April 19, 2010.
We had flown: Our cruise was aboard the Navigator of the Seas of the Royal Caribbean cruise line from December 14 to 19, 2009.
“a little like backpacking”: Author interview with Kathy Kaufmann, March 15, 2010.
The penalty for disobeying this policy: Royal Caribbean official website, “Corporate Governance,” http://www.rclinvestor.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=103045&p=irol-faq.
“a classic tale of the American dream”: Official history section of the Carnival Cruise Lines called “The Fun Begins,” http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=200767&p=irol-history.
Arison was not born poor: Biography of Ted Arison, from the Arison School of Business, Herzliya, Israel, http://portal.idc.ac.il/en/main/academics/business/Pages/TheArisonName.aspx.
he died in 1999: Amotz Asa-el and Dan Gersenfeld, “Ted Arison, World’s Wealthiest Jew, Dies in Tel Aviv,” jweekly.com, October 8, 1999.
He volunteered in the Jewish brigade: Arison biography, Arison School of Business.
In his book Selling the Sea: Bob Dickinson and Andy Vladimir, Selling the Sea: An Inside Look at the Cruise Industry (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997), a history of Arison and Carnival, p. 33.
It is no anomaly: “Iata Says Airlines Suffered ‘Worst Year’ in 2009,” BBC News online, January 27, 2010, interview with Giovanni Bisignani, director general, International Air Transport Association: “In terms of demand, 2009 goes into the history books as the worst year the industry has ever seen. . . . We have permanently lost 2.5 years of growth in passenger markets and 3.5 years of growth in the freight business.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8482654.stm.
They pulled down their Union Jack flags: Alexandra Madaraka-Sheppard, Modern Maritime Law and Risk Management (London: Cavendish Publishing, 2001), esp. p. 278.
Former Secretary of State Edward Stettinius: Liberian registry at GlobalSecurity.org, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/liberia/registry.htm; Liberian International Ship and Corporate Registry, http://www.liscr.com/liscr/AboutUs/AboutLiberianRegistry/tabid/206/Default.aspx.
“Many countries, including the United States”: Dickinson and Vladimir, p. 65.
Cruise lines gain another enormous advantage: Doug Frantz, “Sovereign Islands,” New York Times, February 19, 1999.
“the competitive nature”: “Royal Caribbean to Reflag Six Ships to Bahamian Registry,” Cruise Critic, September 15, 2004, http://www.boards.cruisecritic.com/archive/index.php/t-81298.html.
Today the two firms account: U.S. cruises are two-thirds of the market. UNWTO, Worldwide Cruise Ship Activity (Madrid: UNWTO, 2003), p. 17.
phenomenal growth rate of 1,000 percent: UNWTO, Turismo de cruceros: Situación actual y tendencias (Madrid: UNWTO, 2008).
They opposed the use of flags: International Transport Workers’ Federation, “ ‘Sweatship’ Conditions on Many Cruise Ships,” 2003, http://www.itfseafarers.org/sweatship.cfm.
Representative William Clay, Sr.: Ross A. Klein, Cruise Ship Squeeze: The New Pirates of the Seven Seas (Gabriola Island, B.C.: New Society Publishers, 2005), pp. 75–76.
raising the issue of Dickensian wages: “Sweatships: What It’s Really Like to Work on Board Cruise Ships,” by Celia Mather, published by War on Want and International Transport Workers Federation, 2002, p.19.
Adam Goldstein is the president: Author interview with Adam Goldstein, March 3, 2010.
Mr. Goldstein, whose annual salary and compensation: Compensation of Adam Goldstein, Forbes online, http://people.forbes.com/profile/adam-m-goldstein/69059.
“Onboard spending is becoming”: Author interview with Ross A. Klein, January 11, 2010.
“the idea is that you should be able”: Dickinson and Vladimir, Selling the Sea, p. 270.
Theresa Franks, the owner: Author interview with Theresa Franks, February 22, 2010.
mainstream media including CBS: “Cruise Art Auctions: Great Bargain or Lousy Deal?” Inside Edition, February 11, 2008.
and the New York Times: Jori Finkel, “Art Auctions on Cruise Ships Lead to Anger, Accusations and Lawsuits,” New York Times, July 16, 2008.
Ms. Franks also won her appeal: WIPO document: Global Fine Art Registry LLC v. Cartoon Heaven, http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/htmal/2008/d20080-1203.html.
Eventually, some of the customers banded together: Park West lawsuit: “A Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial was filed on 23 December 2008 against Park West Galleries, Inc., Albert Scaglione and Morris Shapiro (owner and gallery director, respectively) and Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., by the Farmington Hills, MI, attorneys, Kaufmann, Payton and Chapa, for Plaintiffs Albert and Vivian Best, Sharon Day, Julian Howard, Deborah Austin, Cheryl Crist, Heidi Rice, Michael and Maria Vallillo and Martha Szostak, all customers of Park West Galleries and all, except for Albert and Vivian Best, Fine Art Registry members.”
“We got standing”: author interview with Donald L. Payton, October 5, 2012.
Goldstein wrote in his company blog: www.answeritroyally.com/blog/?p=1257.
This is what they spend: UNWTO, Turismo de cruceros, p. 17.
Carnival Cruise Lines could report $13 billion: Gene Sloan, “Downturn? What Downturn? Cruise Giant Carnival Posts a $1.8 Billion Profit,” USA Today, December 18, 2009.
Diamonds International was founded by David Gad: “DIAMONDS INTERNATIONAL: David Gad, an Israeli immigrant, founded the company, his heirs have run it: Morris and Albert.” Diamonds International history at http://www.royalresorts.com/diamonds-international.asp; and Diana Jarrett, “Dror Galili: Innovation in the Diamond Industry,” Jewelry & Gem Artisans http://www.jewelrygemartisans.blogspot.com/2010/02/dror-galili-innovation-in-diamond-htm.
more than 125 stores: Kevin Shereves, “Diamonds International Expands,” Cayman Net News online, March 2, 2010, http://www.caymannetnews.com/local.php?news_id=20364&start=0&category_id=1.
Jane Semeleer, the president of Aruba’s Central Bank: Author interview with Jane Semeleer, February 3, 2011.
More common is this description by Terry Dale: Author interview with Terry Dale, April 2, 2010.
“Cruise ships have changed the face of tourism”: Author interview with Paul Bennett, February 8, 2010.
In a study with the Center: “Cruise Tourism in Belize: Perceptions of Economic, Social and Environmental Impact,” Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development in Collaboration with the Belize Tourism Board. September 2006, http://www.summitfdn.org/foundation/pdfs/cruise-tourism-belize.pdf.
In Europe, an impartial study: Zrinka Marusic, Sinisa Horak and Renata Tomlienovic, “The Socio-Economic Impacts of Cruise Tourism: A Case Study of Croatian Destinations,” Proceedings of the 5th International Coastal and Marine Tourism Congress: Balancing Marine Tourism Development and Sustainability (Auckland: AUT University, 2007).
I spoke to Anna Dominguez-Hoare: Author interview with Anna Dominguez-Hoare, March 1, 2010.
When I put that question to James Sweeting: Author interview with James Sweeting, March 2, 2010.
“No Caribbean country has survived intact”: Author interview with Jonathan Tourtellot, January 11, 2010.
Human activity has damaged the seas: “Overview of Shipping and Navigation History by the International Maritime Organization,” http://www.imo.org/incudes/blastDataOnly.asp/data_id%D21794/Overviewofshippingandnavigationhistory.pdf.
the average cruise ship produces: “Draft Cruise Ship Discharge Assessment Report,” Environmental Protection Agency, EPA842-R-07-005, Washington, D.C., December 2007.
Cruise companies won an exemption: Claudia Copeland, “Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues,” Congressional Research Service (RL32450) Washington, D.C.: February 6, 2008.
Significantly, cruise lines are not required: “Marine Pollution: Progress Made to Reduce Marine Pollution by Cruise Ships, but Important Issues Remain,” General Accounting Office, GAO/RCED-00-48, Washington, D.C., February 2000.
Royal Caribbean was convicted: David Rosenzweig, “Cruise Line Fined $18 Million for Dumping Waste at Sea,” Los Angeles Times, July 22, 1999.
“That shocked the hell out of us”: Author interview with Gershon Cohen, May 11, 2010.
The Alaskan legislature passed laws: Seattle Times staff and news services, “New Alaska Tax Cracks Down on Cruise Lines,” Seattle Times, August 24, 2006, http://www.seattletimes.newsource.com/html/travel/2003223150_webcruisetax24.html.
Antarctica has banned: “Coming Antarctic Season, the Last for Big Cruise Ships,” South Atlantic News Agency, April 24, 2010, http://www.en.mercopress.com/2010/04/24/coming-antarctic-season-2010-11-the-last-for-big-cruise-ships.
“Without regulations, we are going”: Associated Press, “Nations Take Steps to Curb Tourism to Antarctica as Threat of Human, Environmental Disasters Rises,” New York Daily News, December 10, 2009.
The Atlantic Treaty members are reducing: Richard Gray, “Plans to Limit Tourism in Antarctic,” The Telegraph (London), April 11, 2009.
The Norwegian environment minister: Minister of the Environment Helen Bjørnøy: “The Norwegian Government Bans the Presence of Heavy Fuel Oil On Board Ships in Svalbard’s Eastern Waters,” press release, March 6, 2007.
As previously mentioned: Lee van de Voo, “Green Cruising or Cruise Ship Pollution?” The Daily Green, http://www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/cruise-ship-pollution-460810#ixzz0xByrNZqx; and “Cruise Ships to Plug In to Reduce Pollution: Using Dock Power Is Part of Regional Plan,” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Cruise-ships-to-plug-in-to-reduce-pollution1155569.php#ixzzlwCmRa2oa.
The United Nations Environment Programme: Author interview with Amy Fraenkel, March 10, 2010.
Responding to the growing evidence: Juliet Eilperin, “Cruise Ship Lines, Alaska Officials Question New Air Pollution Limits,” Washington Post, July 23, 2012.
initially adopted by the International Maritime Organization: coastguard.dodlive.mil/index.php/2010/03/imo-adopts-200-mile-north-american-emissions-control-area/.
In a recent assessment, Lloyd’s: Lloyd’s Cruise International Market Assessment 2008 Recommend by 2009 CLIA Report, http://www.lloydscruiseinternational.com.
The industry also has made friends: For an example of fundraising rates, see http://www.cruisevacationcenter.com/fundraising_cruises.htm.
“one of the world’s leading case examples”: World Travel and Tourism Council website, http://www.wttc.org/eng/Tourism_Initiatives/Regional_Initiatives/Middle_East_Chapter/.
Dubai’s leader Sheikh Mohammed: “The CEO Sheikh,” Newsweek, August 5, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/2007/08/05/the-ceo-sheik.html.
Taliban commanders: Carlotta Gall, “Losses in Pakistani Haven Strain Taliban,” New York Times, April 1, 2011.
The sheikh went ahead anyway and built an airfield: Sayed Ali, Dubai: Gilded Cage (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010), p. 109.
the region’s first duty-free shopping: Ibid., p. 22.
“To win landing rights in many countries”: Author interview with Ed Fuller, May 17, 2009.
Thanks to that gift of geography: “Rulers of the New Silk Road,” The Economist, June 5, 2010.
In a few years it could be the hub: Jad Mouawad, “Will All Flight Paths Lead to Dubai?” New York Times, February 13, 2011.
“We have more transfers from Dubai”: Author interview with Alain St. Onge, May 18, 2011.
Other airlines have called foul: “Rulers of the New Silk Road.”
This is one of the planet’s “hottest shopping spots”: Rory Jones, “Dubai, the World’s Hottest Shopping Spot,” The National (Abu Dhabi), April 12, 2011.
experts were predicting the demise of the emirate: Joshua Hammer, “Good-Bye to Dubai,” New York Review of Books, August 19, 2010.
Dubai’s public debt: “Debt Forgetfulness,” The Economist, January 1, 2011.
In 2011, during the wave of revolutions: “Dubai Tops Middle East and Africa’s Destination Cities,” eTN Global Travel Industry News, June 6, 2011.
they paid the Bedouins to protect: Steven Heydemann, War, Institutions and Social Change in the Middle East (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).
The government of Indonesia: Norimitsu Onishi, “As Indonesians Go to Mecca, Many Eyes Follow Their Money,” New York Times, August 6, 2010.
In Bangladesh, political groups successfully lobbied: By a staff correspondent, Daily Star (Dhaka), October 1, 2009.
In Afghanistan, the minister of Hajj: Shakeela Abrahimkhil, “Afghan Hajj Minister Charged with Corruption,” TOLOnews.com, April 20, 2011.
In 2008 the demand proved so great: “Emirates Airline Announces Additional Flights for Hajj,” press release, November 9, 2008, The Emirates Group, www.theemiratesgroup.com.
Rising in the center of Mecca: Nicolai Ouroussoff, “Mecca Gets a New Look: Brash and Gaudy,” International Herald Tribune, December 31, 2010.
Sami Angawi, an expert: Laith Abou-Ragheb, “Dr. Sami Angawi on Wahhabi Desecration of Makkah: Developers and Purists Erase Mecca’s History,” Reuters, July 12, 2005.
The only way foreign Christians can make a pilgrimage: Ana Carbajosa, “Dispatch Bethlehem,” London Observer, December 26, 2010.
“I have no idea, honestly, what goes on there”: Author interview with Wolfgang Weinz, June 3, 2011.
In the seminal investigation: “Building Towers, Cheating Workers: Exploitation of Migrant Construction Workers in the United Arab Emirates,” Human Rights Watch, November 2006.
A British report was even harsher: Nick Meo, “How Dubai, the Playground of Businessmen and Warlords, Is Built by Asian Wage Slaves,” The Independent (London), March 1, 2005.
considering the UAE has a per capita income: UAE per capita income was $48,821 in 2010, according to the International Monetary Fund, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/index.aspx.
Bangladeshi maid who cut off: Wafa Issa, “Maid Cuts Off Employer’s Penis After Being Sexually Harassed,” The National, April 13, 2011.
Tourists have heard the stories: The National staff, “Hotel Encounter Costs Unmarried Couple a Year in Prison,” The National, June 16, 2011.
and go to bars and clubs like the York: Nick Tosches, “Dubai’s the Limit,” Vanity Fair, June 1, 2006.
beautiful women prostitutes are plentiful: William Ridgeway, “Dubai: The Scandal and the Vice,” Social Affairs Unit 5, April 2005, www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000345.php.
“destination for men and women”: U.S. Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, 2011, http://www.state.gov/g/tiprpt/2011.
The financial rewards outweighed the cultural complaints: Alan Riding, “The Louvre’s Art: Priceless. The Louvre’s Name: Expensive,” New York Times, March 7, 2007.
Organized by New York artists: “130 Artists Call for Guggenheim Boycott over Migrant Worker Exploitation,” WordPress.com, New York, March 17, 2011, http://www.gulflabor.wordpress.com.
create an elite battalion of foreign mercenaries: Mark Mazzetti and Emily B. Hager, “Secret Desert Force Set Up by Blackwater’s Founder,” New York Times, June 7, 2011.
host its first Green Tourism conference: World Green Tourism Conference, Abu Dhabi, November 27–29, 2010.
Masdar is attempting to do just that: Nicolai Ouroussoff, “In Arabian Desert, a Sustainable City Rises,” New York Times, September 26, 2010.
Eventually this refuge should show the way: Ucilia Wang, “Abu Dhabi, Rise of a Renewable Energy Titan?” January 2011, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/abu-dhabi-rise-of-a-renewable-energy-titan.
the UAE has had the worst score: Living Planet Report 2010, World Wildlife Fund, p. 14, http://www.worldwildlife.org.
Dead fish in the rivers: Vesela Todorova and Tim Brooks, “Tonnes of Dead Fish Wash Up in Creek,” The National, October 7, 2009.
Bali, the ultimate paradise: Author interview with Olivier Pouillon, November 19, 2009.
drawing on the native concept of hema : M. A. Zahran and H. A. Younes, “Hema System: Traditional Conservation of Plant Life in Saudi Arabia,” King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, http://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/320/Researches/52341_22648.pdf.
“perhaps more than any other region in the world”: Abdulaziz al Midfa, David Mallon, Kevin Budd, “Ten Years of Conservation Workshops for the Fauna of Arabia, 2000–2009,” Biodiversity Conservation in the Arabian Peninsula, Zoology in the Middle East (series), September 3, 2011, Heidelberg, http://www.kasparek-verlag.de/PDF%20Abstracts/PDF-SUPP3%20Weboptimiert/007-012%20AbdulazizMidfa.pdf.
“We have seen what has been going on”: Author interview with Graham Evans and Anthony Kirkham, August 23, 2011.
Environmentalists say this is a disaster in the making: Caroline Shearing, “Dubai Golf Drive Upsets Greens: Plans to Open 11 New Golf Courses in Dubai Have Hit Environmental Opposition,” The Telegraph, April 25, 2008.
Abu Dhabi Policy Agency: Dubai: Gilded Cage, p. 181.
The Europeans conquered some 10 million square miles: Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa (London: Abacus, 1993).
Nearly 50 million visitors: UNWTO, Tourism Highlights, 2011 Edition, Africa, http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enlr.pdf.
the $76 billion in revenue: WTTC: Travel and Tourism, Economic Impact, 2011, Africa, http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/africa2.pdf.
“It has a stable and functioning government”: Author interview with Ambassador Mark Storella, May 21, 2011.
Last year, tourism made a small leap: WTTC, “Zambia Economic Impact Report 2011,” http://www.wttc.org/bin/pdf/original_pdf_file/zambia.pdf.
but copper is king: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Fact Book: Zambia, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html. Copper represents 65 percent of exports, and the 2011 GDP was $17.5 billion.
compared to the $41 billion: WTTC, “South Africa Economic Impact Report 2011,” http://www.wttc.org/bin/pdf/original_pdf_file/south_africa.pdf.
I discovered this at a mass: St. Ignatius Parish, Lusaka, May 22, 2011.
“That’s a sable”: Author interview with Andy Hogg, May 25, 2011.
Born in East Africa in 1912: Norman Carr, The White Impala: The Story of a Game Ranger (London: Collins, 1969); and Lynn ten Kate, “Obituary: Norman Carr,” The Independent (London), May 1997.
The rise in human population: John Reader, Africa: A Biography of the Continent (London: Penguin, 1998), pp. 255–56.
3 million elephants roamed the continent: World Wildlife Fund, “African Elephants,” http://www.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/african_elephant.
Alarmed, officials banned the international trade in ivory: WWF, “African Elephants.”
“The slaughter of our elephants is economic sabotage”: Author interview with Richard Leakey, October 12, 2011.
Then Leakey started grappling with the mundane: Richard Leakey and Virginia Morell, Wildlife Wars: My Fight to Save Africa’s Natural Treasures (New York: St. Martin’s, 2001).
“tourism may be the biggest industry”: Author interview with Harold Wackman, May 12, 2011.
an American couple made it their mission: Jeffrey Goldberg, “A Reporter at Large: The Hunted,” New Yorker, April 5, 2010.
ZAWA, an underfunded organization: Adam Pope, World Bank, “A Study of Nature-Based Tourism: Zambia,” 2005, http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/resources/Progress%20Report%20Part%201_Adam_Pope.pdf.
the Norwegian government has given: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, “Evaluation of Norwegian Development Support to Zambia (1991–2005),” April 2007.
“Norway’s continuous and long-term support”: Author interviews with Trond Lovdal, July 11, 2011.
but at the last minute she decided against: Author interview with Megan Parker, assistant to Jody Allen, July 12–17, 2011.
The Honorable Catherine Namugala: The 5th IIPT Africa Conference, May 15–20, Lusaka, Zambia, hosted by the Zambian Ministry of Tourism and organized by the International Institute for Peace Through Tourism, a Vermont-based nonprofit organization.
In dozens of studies: Dan Brockington, Rosaleen Duffy and Jim Igoe, Nature Unbound: Conservation, Capitalism and the Future of Protected Areas (London and Sterling, Va.: Earthscan, 2008).
sawing off the horns of stuffed rhinos: Greg Neale and James Burton, “Elephant and Rhino Poaching Is Driven by China’s Economic Boom,” The Observer (London), August 13, 2011.
Esmond Martin, one of the leading investigators: Esmond Martin and Lucy Vigne, “The Ivory Dynasty: A Report on the Soaring Demand for Elephant and Mammoth Ivory in Southern China,” Elephant Family and the Aspinall Foundation, and Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, http://www.elephantfamily.org/uploads/copy/EF_Ivory_Report_2011_web.pdf.
Writing in Vanity Fair a few months: Alex Shoumatoff, “Agony and Ivory,” Vanity Fair, August 2011.
a group of Vietnamese officials flew to Johannesburg: Donna Bryon, “South Africans, Vietnamese Meet on Rhino Poaching,” Huffington Post, September 28, 2011.
China’s wealth has helped fuel: Lloyd Gedye, “China’s Boom Swells the Coffers of African Economies,” Mail & Guardian online (South Africa), May 6, 2011; “Trying to Pull Together: The Chinese in Africa,” The Economist, April 23, 2011, p. 29.
the ugly side of Chinese investments: Mutuna Chanda, “China in Zambia—Jobs or Exploitation?” BBC online, December 12, 2010.
there was an immediate outcry: David Smith, “Robert Mugabe Asked to Be UN ‘Leader for Tourism,’ ” The Guardian, May 29, 2012.
National Geographic produced an inspiring film: National Geographic DVD, Africa’s Lost Eden, www.shop.nationalgeographic.com.
The story of Gorongosa was told in lyrical detail: Philip Gourevitch, “The Monkey and the Fish,” New Yorker, December 21, 2009.
I met Carr on one of his visits: Author interview with Greg Carr, March 23, 2010.
After a lecture in Washington: Author interview with Nicky Oppenheimer, Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, D.C.: June 9, 2011.
The millions of tourists have trampled: “Galapagos: On the Extinction of Species—Tourism Is Imperiling a Wildlife Paradise,” The Economist, June 5, 2010.
Beginning in 2012, only four cruise ships: Laura Mortkowitz, “Travel Restrictions to Galapagos Islands,” Physician’s Money Digest, November 14, 2011, http://www.physiciansmoneydigest.com/your-life/Travel-Restrictions-to-Galapagos-Islands.
In his description of Maasai dancing: Edward M. Bruner, “The Maasai and the Lion King: Authenticity, Nationalism and Globalization in African Tourism,” American Ethnologist 28, no. 4 (2001).
Paulla A. Ebron, a professor: Paulla A. Ebron, “Competing Narratives of Memorialized History,” paper presented at “Slavery and Public History: An International Symposium,” Yale University, November 2–4, 2006, http://www.yale.edu/glc/publichistory/ebron.
The most famous modern “Roots” trip: Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), pp. 346–56.
On our fifth day sailing: Cruise from Panama to Costa Rica aboard the National Geographic’s Sea Lion, March 12–19, 2011.
Those guidelines were recently hammered out: “The Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council,” http://new.gstcouncil.org.
Costa Rica was the poorest of the Spanish colonies: Sterling Evans, The Green Republic: A Conservation History of Costa Rica (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999), pp. 5–20.
One of his star pupils was Gerardo Budowski: Encyclopedia of Forestry, “Gerardo Budowski,” http://www.encyclopediaofforestry.org/index.php/Gerardo_Budowski.
Costa Rica has more species of birds: Martha Honey, Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1999).
Chain saws and bulldozers: Evans, Green Republic, pp. 5–20.
They named it Monteverde: Honey, Ecotourism and Sustainable Development.
The small country has averaged over 2 million: The numbers of tourists released by the Costa Rican Tourism Board (ICT) showed a record-breaking figure. In 2010 an estimated 2,099,829 tourists came to Costa Rica, its highest recorded number.
Tolls to go through the canal can be steep: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/maritime/tolls.html.
The Disney Magic cruise liner paid: Prensa.com, June 24, 2008, Panama, http://mensual.prensa.com/mensual/contenido/2008/06/24/hoy/negocios/1416962.html.
For the same amount of money: Price of a deluxe suite aboard the Allure of the Sea, August 27, 2011, http://www.royalcaribbean.com/dealsandmore/hotdeals.do?cS=NAVBAR&pnav=3&snav=1&SID=P3005613882&247SEM.
earning then-President Daniel Oduber: http://www.corcovadofoundation.org.
Costa Rica is a laboratory: Mario Boza, Diane Jukofsky and Chris Wille, “Costa Rica Is a Laboratory, Not Ecotopia,” Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (June 1995).
published a survey in 2011: Laura Driscoll, Carter Hunt, Martha Honey and William Durham, “The Importance of Ecotourism as a Development and Conservation Tool in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica,” CREST, April 2011, www.responsibletravel.org.
I was covering the negotiations: Elizabeth Becker, “A Pact on Central America Trade Zone, Minus One,” New York Times, December 18, 2003.
From 1985 to 1991, visits to the park quadrupled: www.travelcostaricaonline.com/costa-rica-history.html.
I reviewed all the categories for sustainable tourism: “The Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria,” http://new.gstcouncil.org/resource-center.
“Sustainability is just like the old business adage”: U.N. Foundation press release, October 6, 2008, http://www.unfoundation.org/press-center/press-releases/2008/ted-turner-global-sustainable-tourism-criteria.html.
“We grew up seeing tourism”: Author interviews with Erika Harm, March 25, 2008, and July 14, 2009.
“We are more like the police”: Author interview with Janice Lichtenwald, September 9, 2011.
“The industry had become all about promoting”: Author interview with Jonathan Tourtellot, September 23, 2011.
South Carolina’s newspapers published the findings: Jake Spring, “Grand Strand Rated One of Worst Beaches by National Geographic,” Myrtle Beach Sun News, November 20, 2010, http://www.thesunnews.com/2010/11/20/1823436/strand-rated-one-of-worst-beaches.
“The Thai tourism authority asked”: Author interview with Don Hawkins, March 9, 2009.
Her ideas have gone mainstream: See, for example, Hillary Rosner, “Have Heart, Will Travel: Leave Your Destination Better Than You Found It with These Five Types of Eco-Friendly Trips,” Town & Country, April 2010.
“The big worry today is the conglomerates”: Author interview with Martha Honey, May 5, 2009.
“There is not an international market”: Author interview with Harold Goodwin, September 25, 2011.
9th Annual Summit: Florianópolis, Brazil, May 15–16, 2009.
(Academics and economists dispute): Alan A. Lew, “Tourism is NOT the World’s Largest Industry,” May 1, 2008, http://www.tourismplace.blogspot.com.
“Watch your step, hold on to the railings”: Juma Sustainable Development Preserve, Amazonas, Brazil, May 18, 2009.
Cooray thought Sri Lanka might: Author interview with Hiran Cooray, October 11, 2009.
“We’ll need a czar here”: Author interview with Geoffrey Dobbs, October 13, 2009.
She told me her phone started ringing: Author interview with Libby Owen-Edmunds, October 12, 2009.
“No hotel should be taller than a coconut palm”: Author interview with Bernard Goonetilleke, October 9, 2009.
a theme of the novel Anil’s Ghost: Michael Ondaatje, Anil’s Ghost (New York: Knopf, 2000).
In the chilling prose: “Sri Lanka: Time for Accountability,” Human Rights Watch, January 2010, http://www.hrw.org/features/sri-lanka.
Whole cities were devoted to the manufacturing: David Barboza, “In Roaring China, Sweaters Are West of Socks City,” New York Times, December 24, 2004.
“Tourism Should Become a Comprehensive Industry”: Honggen Xiao, “The Discourse of Power: Deng Xiaoping and Tourism Development in China,” Tourism Management 27, Issue 5 (October 2006), pp. 803–14.
The Chinese spent $40 billion on stadiums: “Beijing Olympics by the Numbers,” New York Times online, August 3, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/sports/playmagazine/803NUMBERS-t.html.
For example, I met three couples: Author interview with Herb and Ellen Herscowitz, Donald and Susan Poretz, and Arthur and Amy Kales, October 27, 2011.
“I don’t know what I was expecting”: Author interview with Rick and Jewell Dassance, January 10, 2012.
China will replace France: UNWTO, The Chinese Outbound Travel Market with Special Insight into the Image of Europe as a Destination (Madrid: UNWTO, 2008); see also Malcolm Moore, “China to Become Number One in Seven Years,” The Telegraph (London), January 29, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/china-business/8290378/China-to-become-No-1-for-seven-years.
China climbed to number three: UNWTO, “International Tourism: First Results of 2011 Confirm Consolidation of Growth,” May 11, 2011.
the city was encompassed by 25 miles: Tiziano Terzani, Behind the Hidden Door: Travels in an Unknown China (New York: Henry Holt, 1984), p. 22.
“it was as if my own flesh was being torn off”: Ibid., p. 27.
Every storybook about old China: Patrick Wright, Passport to Peking (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
Others were foreign students: Stephen Fitzgerald, China and the Overseas Chinese (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972), pp. 133, 163.
there were exactly 2,500 beds for foreigners: “How Hotels Tell the Story of a Nation,” Beijing Youth Daily, no. 71, October 1999.
Deng took time: Honggen Xiao, “The Discourse of Power,” pp. 10–16.
Deng’s basic requirements for China’s: Bruce Gilley, Tiger on the Brink: Jiang Zemin and China’s New Elite (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), p. 65.
For one talk on tourism: China National Tourism Administration, “Deng Xiaoping on Tourism,” 1979, http://www.chinatourism.ch/eg/event_show.php?id=28.
China’s rule of Tibet: “The Effect of Tourism on Tibet,” Free Tibet, http://www.freetibet.org/about/tourism.
“Water pollution in the Lijiang River”: Honggen Xiao, “The Discourse of Power.”
China asked for help to make domestic: Author interview with Patrice Tedjini, May 28, 2009.
“We took a group from the Atmospheric Research Center”: Author interview with Barbara Dawson, January 18, 2012.
Deng scored his first impressive economic victory: James Mann, About Face: A History of America’s Curious Relationship with China, from Nixon to Clinton (New York: Knopf, 1999), p. 156.
Great Wall Hotel: Richard Baum, Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), p. 169.
“One hundred percent funded by American dollars”: Author interview with Dean Ho, December 29, 2011.
Equally important was the Chinese: UNWTO, The Chinese Outbound Travel Market with Special Insight into the Image of Europe as a Destination (Madrid: UNWTO, 2008).
“They brought in low-market tourism”: Author interview with George Hickton, November 29, 2010.
They were shuttled around in crowded buses: Feng Sabrina Tian, “Is Auckland Ready for Chinese Travellers? An Analysis of Chinese Tourists’ Urban Destination Requirements and Auckland’s Capability to Provide Them,” thesis, Auckland University of Technology, School of Business, 2008.
New Zealand’s only recourse: New Zealand tourism website, http://www.tourismnewzealand.com/developing-nz-tourism/ads-china-monitoring-unit/the-ads-code-of-conduct.
The profile that emerged confirmed the obvious: UNWTO, The Chinese Outbound Travel Market.
besting even Great Britain: “China Overtakes U.K. to Become Fifth-Largest Wine-Consuming Nation,” China Travel Trends online, January 12, 2012, http://www.chinatraveltrends.com/category/type/statistics.
One study found that while Chinese: “Taking Off—Travel and Tourism in China and Beyond,” Boston Consulting Group press release, March 2011, http://www.bcg.com.
Today the Chinese version: “A New Grand Tour,” The Economist, December 18, 2010.
Chinese translators are poised at cosmetics counters: Steven Erlanger, “After a Long March, Chinese Surrender to Capitalist Shrines,” New York Times, September 15, 2011.
“I don’t know what I’ll do”: Author interview with Rashmi Sharma, May 27, 2011.
The fee to attend was $900: Roy Graff, Business Development, February 29, 2012, www.roygraff.com.
China had 271 billionaires: “The Hurun Wealth Report,” http://www.hurun.net/hurun/listreleaseen451.aspx.
China is expected to need 5,000: Randy Tinseth, Vice President of Marketing for Boeing, press release, September 12, 2011.
Typical of the tourism professionals: Author interviews with Javier Albar, October 24–26, 2011.
those connections came overnight: “Marriott International to Acquire Renaissance Hotel Group,” February 18, 1997, http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=17424.
Marriott announced plans: “Marriott International Announces Its 100th Hotel in China,” Marriott press release, November 25, 2011, http://news.marriott.com/2011/11/marriott-international-announces-its-100th-hotel-in-china.html.
the number of international-brand hotel rooms: Nancy Trejos, “U.S. Hotels Expand Their Reach into China,” USA Today, November 16, 2011.
“They are doing very well”: Author interview with David Barboza, November 1, 2011.
the average monthly wage for Chinese: http://www.worldsalaries.org/china.shtml, using official Chinese statistics given to ILO; and http://www.worldsalaries.org/hotelreceptionist.shtml.
By the eighteenth century, China was crisscrossed: Jonathan D. Spence, Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), pp. 165–204.
One example is Zhang Mei: Author interviews with Zhang Mei, October 18–20, 2011.
“Every day was planned to the minute”: Author interview with Bonny Wolf, January 24, 2012.
“We don’t subscribe to that”: Author interview with David Fundingsland, Beijing, October 19, 2011.
China banned foreigners: Andrew Jacobs, “China Bars Foreigners from Making Visits to Tibet,” New York Times, September 23, 2009.
The government built a road to the village: Andrew Jacobs, “In China, Bankrolling a Shrine to an Adversary,” International Herald Tribune, February 20, 2012.
“more and more tourists come to China”: “Shanghai Wins World Expo 2010 Bid,” People’s Daily online, December 3, 2002, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200212/03/eng20021203_107892.shtml.
Like Beijing, Shanghai razed: Carol Huang, “China’s Shanghai Expo,” Christian Science Monitor, April 29, 2010, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2010/0429/China-s-Shanghai-Expo-2010-by-the-numbers.
Those numbers set a record: Shanghai expo official website, http://en.expo2010.cn/news/indexjn.htm.
The first phase of the resort: Keith Bradsher, “The Mouse’s Surprise—Hong Kong Rival,” New York Times, November 4, 2009.
300 million live within: Ronald Grover, “Disney Gets a Second Chance in China,” Businessweek, April 14, 2011.
“The first visitors were often people”: Author interview with William Patrick Cranley and Tina Kanagaratnam, Shanghai, October 2011.
All of this maneuvering: Premier Wen Jiabao, “Statement on Accelerating the Tourism Industry Development,” November 25, 2009, China Outbound Tourism Research Institute, http://www.slideshare.net/thraenhart/china-outbound-tourismitb-berlincotr11marchi2010.
Six billion Chinese have visited: “China to Further Expand Red Tourism,” People’s Daily online, June 17, 2011, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7413445.html.
It was a huge leap: Jonathan D. Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), p. 328.
Then in July 2011, a few months: Sharon LaFraniere, “Five Days Later, Chinese Concede Design Flaw Had Role in Wreck,” New York Times, July 29, 2010.
while in private taking extraordinary precautions: Adrienne Mong, “Beijing Residents Call Foul over the Air,” MSNBC online, November 9, 2011.
more than half of China’s wealthiest people: Shi Jing and Yu Ran, “Chinese Rich Are Keen to Emigrate,” China Daily, November 3, 2011.
A French Catholic missionary: Henry Nicholls, The Way of the Panda: The Curious History of China’s Political Animal (New York: Pegasus Books, 2011), p. 104.
The power of the panda cult: www.chinatours.us.com/TravelNews/sichuan-attractions-earthquake-09032702.
It is also the only wealthy nation: Rebecca Ray and John Schmitt, “No-Vacation Nation,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, May 2007.
She arrived in 2003 with high hopes: Author interview with Connie Morella, March 10, 2008.
he saw government’s role in tourism: Edwin McDowell, “Travel Industry Visits Washington, Where Support Is Waning,” New York Times, October 29, 1995.
President Clinton opened the event: President Bill Clinton, “Remarks to the White House Conference on Travel and Tourism,” White House Transcript, October 30, 1995; “Speech by President Bill Clinton,” C-Span, October 30, 1995, http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/68016-1.
the second-largest employer: “America’s Wake-Up Call,” Tourism Management 17, no. 2 (March 1996), pp. 139–41.
He pushed through Congress a budget: Alfred Borcover, “Collapsing Umbrella, Federal Tourism Office to Shut down in April,” Chicago Tribune, February 25, 1996.
“It’s an absolute outrage”: Edwin McDowell, “Correspondents Report: Finis to Tourist Agency on Eve of the Olympics,” New York Times, March 10, 1996.
$94 billion in lost revenue: U.S. Travel Association and Oxford Economics, “The Lost Decade—The High Costs of America’s Failure to Compete for International Travel,” February 2010.
(It was a rare moment when the skies cleared): David Travis, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3310_sun.html; http://www.geotimes.org/june04/geophen.html.
has become a lightning rod for complaints: Roger Roots, “Terrorized into Absurdity,” Independent Review, Spring 2003.
plunged by 17 percent: U.S. Travel Assoc. and Oxford Economics, “The Lost Decade.”
“For sixty years what had determined”: Author interview with Geoff Freeman, March 27, 2008.
the travel association conducted a survey: Travel Industry Association, “A Blueprint to Discover America,” January 31, 2007, http://www.poweroftravel.org.
“spirit-crushingly frosty reception”: Matt Rudd, “Travel to America, No Thanks,” Sunday Times (London), January 20, 2008.
The writer, Ed Vulliamy, described: Ed Vulliamy, “America—More Hassle Than It’s Worth?” The Guardian, February 12, 2008.
The story of Rick Giles: Joelle Dally, “Canterbury Man Gets out of Detroit Jail,” The Star (Canterbury, N.Z.), July 11, 2007, http://www.starcanterbury.co.nz/localnews/storydisplay.
Another visa victim: Jennifer Gabler, “Women in Squash—Valeria Wiens,” U.S. Squash online, http://www.ussquash.com/audiences/content.aspx?id=4454.
Most of the uproar: U.S. Travel Assoc. and Oxford Economics, “The Lost Decade.”
For the foreigners who needed a visa: Edward Alden, “The Closing of the American Border,” The Globalist, September 24, 2008, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=7254.
This new policing of the American border: Edward Alden, “The Price of Security,” The Globalist, September 25, 2008, http://www.theglobalist.com/storyid.aspx?StoryId=7255.
“We’re not in the business of encouraging”: Author interview with Susan Jacobs, April 11, 2008.
“believes that tourism promotion activities”: Letter from John J. Sullivan, General Counsel of the United States Department of Commerce, to Senator Daniel Inouye, June 26, 2007, files of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.
“I’m not against the idea”: Author interview with Isabel Hill, May 8, 2008.
As part of its retrenching: U.S. Travel Assoc. and Oxford Economics, “The Lost Decade.”
“We had no idea he was coming”: Author interview with Geoff Freeman, May 3, 2012.
“a rather harrowing experience”: Michelle Higgins, “Chicago’s Loss: Is Passport Control to Blame?” New York Times, October 2, 2009.
“When IOC members are commenting to our President”: Roger Dow, “Olympic Decision Demonstrates the Need to Change Impressions for International Travelers, U.S. Travel Association Chief Says,” press release, October 2, 2009, U.S. Travel Association.
“working on this for a very long time”: President Obama comments on White House video, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJzbRctI8LI.
“They couldn’t get a visa”: Freeman interview.
Beatrice Camp marked the occasion: Sudeep Reddy, “Lengthy Visa Waits Deter Travel to the U.S.,” Wall Street Journal online, September 8, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904103404576557021589570928.html.
Obama showed up at Disney World: Jackie Calmes, “For Obama, a Day at Disney World and a Night of Fund-Raisers,” New York Times, January 20, 2012.
On average, every Brazilian visiting: U.S. Travel Association, “Ready for Takeoff: A Plan to Create 1.3 Million U.S. Jobs by Welcoming Millions of International Travelers,” May 12, 2011.
President Obama tied together: Nick Verrastro, “White House Launches National Tourism Strategy, An Historic First,” travel market report, May 10, 2012, http://www.travelmarketreport.com/international?articleID=7221&LP=1.
New Yorkers who have to navigate: Liz Robbins, “Follow That Tourist,” New York Times, July 22, 2012.
received $21 million from the family of Sheldon Adelson: Mike McIntire and Michael Luo, “The Man Behind Gingrich’s Money: Casino Mogul Is Friend to Israel and Boon to Campaign,” New York Times, January 29, 2012.
The gangsters Meyer Lansky: Sally Denton and Roger Morris, The Money and the Power: The Making of Las Vegas and Its Hold on America (New York: Random House, 2002).
the opening up of China: Evan Osnos, “The God of Gamblers: Why Las Vegas Is Moving to Macau,” New Yorker, April 9, 2012.
Kung Fu Mahjong: Desmond Lam, “Chinese Gambling Superstitions and Taboos,” http://www.urbino.net/articles.cfm?specificArticle=Chinese%20Gambling%20Superstitions%20and%20Taboos.
soon followed and opened the Wynn Macau: Donald Frazier, “Gambling Titan Steve Wynn Fights for Top Prize: China,” Forbes, March 28, 2012.
When I attended: Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority meeting, May 8, 2012.
Rahm Emanuel: Jonathan Alter, “Meet the New Boss,” The Atlantic, April 2012.
“Who is he kidding?”: Author interview with Mayor Carolyn Goodman, May 7, 2012.
“Everything they’re doing is a page from what we have done”: Author interview with Chris Meyer, May 8, 2012.
“Europe doesn’t have such large hotels”: Author interview with Joe Lustenberger, April 27, 2012.
The GSA hosted a four-day training conference: Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Michael S. Schmidt, “Agency Trip to Las Vegas Is the Talk of Washington,” New York Times, April 3, 2012.
“Every major hotel on the strip is unionized”: Author interview with John Wilhelm, April 26, 2011.
the Hyatt hotel chain laid off: Katie Johnston Chase, “A Hard Ending for Housekeepers: Uncommon Outsourcing Eliminates 100 Hyatt Jobs,” Boston Globe, September 17, 2009.
“We do know that over sixty percent”: Author interview with Wolfgang Weinz, June 3, 2011.
“When you are self-employed like I am”: Author interview with Dorothy McGhee, March 6, 2012.
she is a typical medical tourist: James Surowiecki, “Club Med,” New Yorker, April 16, 2012, for a description of who are medical tourists.
There are 5 million patients worldwide: Patients Beyond Borders, http://www.patientsbeyondborders.com/medical-tourism-statistics-facts.
What started with Americans crossing: Kate Pickert, “A Brief History of Medical Tourism,” Time, November 25, 2008.
questions that were answered: The Third International MediTour Expo, Las Vegas, May 6–8, 2012.
The Centers for Disease Control said: Maggie Fox, “Nearly 59 Million Americans Went Without Health Insurance Coverage for at Least Part of 2010,” Reuters, November 10, 2010.
Americans are voting with their feet: Corrie MacLaggan, “In Pain and Uninsured, a Texas Truck Driver Goes to India to Get His Hip Fixed,” Austin American-Statesman, October 26, 2008.
an announcement that described a groom: “Tucker Woods, Reginald Charlot,” New York Times, May 1, 2011.
“For years tourism was studied mainly”: Author interview with Donald Hawkins, March 9, 2009.
Anthony Mavrogiannis received his master’s degree: Author interview with Anthony Mavrogiannis, May 2, 2012.
Yet they managed to retain: American Society of Travel Agents, http://www.asta.org.
the figure was 285 million visitors: “National Parks Failed to Break Attendance Record in 2009,” Associated Press, published in USA Today, http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-03-01-national-parks-attendance_N.htm.
the top ten theme park chains: AECOM Economics, “Theme Index: The Global Attractions Attendance Report,” http://www.aecom.com/deployedfiles/Internet/Capabilities/2009%20Theme%20Index%20Final%20042710_for%20screen.pdf.
Disney led the pack: Brooks Barnes, “Media Decoder: Profit Grows 21% at Disney on Cable TV Gains and a Surge in Resorts Business,” New York Times, May 9, 2012.
Theme parks now stretch from Asia to Europe: “Global Theme Park Market to Reach U.S. $31.8 Billion by 2017, According to New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc.,” PRWeb, March 14, 2012, http://www.prweb.com/releases/theme_parks_water_parks/amusement_parks/prweb9282694.htm.
The best-selling author Carl Hiaasen: Politics and Prose Bookstore, Washington, D.C., January 9, 2009.
a 70-page report describing: “Kailua Beach and Dune Management Plan,” State of Hawai’i, Department of Land and Natural Resources and University of Hawai’i, Sea Grant College Program, December, 2010.
“The thing is, in Hawaii we take access: Author interview with Samuel J. Lemmo, June 28, 2011.
tourist spending has risen to $1.01 billion: http://www.hawaiitourismauthority.org/default/assets/File/2011%20State%20Factsheet%20updated%208-21-12.pdf.
The only other game in town: Sarah Vowell, Unfamiliar Fishes (New York: Riverhead Books, 2011).
“Hawaii and the Aloha spirit are the future”: Author interview with Mike McCartney, June 29, 2011.
At the beginning of my research: Elizabeth Becker, “Don’t Go There,” Washington Post, August 31, 2008.