BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alters, B. J., and S. M. Alters. 2001. Defending Evolution in the Classroom. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett.

Anderson, M. 1994. Sexual Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Arnold, Michael L. 1997. Natural Hybridization and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Avery, O. T., C. M. MacLeod, and M. McCarthy. 1944. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. I. Induction of transformation by a deoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. Journal of Experimental Medicine 79: 137–158.

Avise, John. 2000. Phylogeography. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Baer, K. E. von. 1828. Entwicklungsgeschichte der Thiere. Königsberg: Born-träger.

Bartolomaeus, T. 1997/1998. Chaetogenesis in polychaetous Annelida. Zoology 100: 348–364.

Bates, H. W. 1862. Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23: 495–566.

Bekoff, M. 2000. Animal emotions: Exploring passionate natures. Bioscience 50: 861–870.

Bell, G. 1996. Selection. The Mechanisms of Evolution. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Berra, Tim M. 1990. Evolution and the Myth of Creationism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bock, G. R., and G. Cardew (eds.). 1999. Homology. Novartis Symposium. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Bodmer, W., and R. McKie. 1995. The Book of Man: The Quest to Discover Our Genetic Heritage. London: Abacus.

Bonner, J. T. 1998. The origins of multicellularity. Integrative Biology, pp. 27–36.

Bowler, Peter J. 1996. Life’s Splendid Drama: Evolutionary Biology and the Reconstruction of Life’s Ancestry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brack, André (ed.). 1999. The Molecular Origins of Life: Assembling Pieces of the Puzzle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brandon, R. N. 1995. Concepts and Methods in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bush, G. L. 1994. Sympatric speciation in animals. TREE 9: 285–288.

Butler, A. B., and W. M. Saidel. 2000. Defining sameness: Historical, biological, and generative homology. Bioessays 22: 846–853.

Cain, A. J., and P. M. Sheppard. 1954. Natural selection in Cepaea. Genetics 39: 89–116.

Campbell, Neil A., et al. 1999. Biology, 5th ed. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin Cummings.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol. Rev. 73: 203–266.

Chatterjee, Sankar. 1997. The Rise of Birds: 225 Million Years of Evolution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Cheetham, A. H. 1987. Tempo in evolution in a neogene bryozoan. Paleobiology 13: 286–296.

Corliss, J. O. 1998. Classification of protozoa and protists: The current status. In G. H. Coombs, K. Vickerman, M. A. Sleigh, and A. Warren (eds.), Evolutionary Relationships Among Protozoa, pp. 409–447. London: Chapman and Hall.

Cracraft, Joel. 1984. The terminology of allopatric speciation. Syst. Zool. 33: 115–116.

Cronin, H. 1991. The Ant and the Peacock. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cuvier, G. 1812. Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles des quadrupèdes,.... 4 vols. Paris: Déterville.

Darwin, C. 1859. On the Origin of Species. London: John Murray.

______. 1871. The Descent of Man. London: John Murray.

Dawkins, Richard. 1982. The Extended Phenotype: The Gene as the Unit of Selection. Oxford: Freeman.

______. 1986. The Blind Watchmaker. New York: W. W. Norton.

______. 1995. River Out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life. New York: Basic Books.

______. 1996. Climbing Mount Improbable. New York: W. W. Norton.

de Waal, Frans. 1997. Good Natured: The Origin of Right and Wrong in Human and Other Animals. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Dobzhansky, R., and O. Pavlovsky. 1957. An experimental study of interaction between genetic drift and natural selection. Evolution 11: 311–319.

Ehrlich, P. 2000. Human Natures. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Ehrlich, P., and D. H. Raven. 1965. Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586–608.

Eldredge, N. 2000. The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism. New York: W. H. Freeman.

Eldredge, N., and S. J. Gould. 1972. Punctuated equilibria: An alternative to phyletic gradualism. In T. J. M. Schopf and J. M. Thomas (eds.), Models in Paleobiology, pp. 82–115. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper.

Endler, John A. 1986. Natural Selection in the Wild. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Erwin, D., J. Valentine, and D. Jablonski. 1997. The origin of animal body plans. American Scientist 85: 126–137.

Fauchald, K., and G. W. Rouse. 1997. Polychaete systematics: Past and present. Zool. Scripte. 26: 71–138.

Feduccia, Alan. 1999. The Origin and Evolution of Birds,. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Freeman, Scott, and Jon C. Herron. 2000. Evolutionary Analysis. New York: Prentice Hall.

Futuyma, Douglas J. 1983. Science on Trial. The Case for Evolution. New York: Pantheon Books.

______. 1998. Evolutionary Biology, 3rd ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Gehring, W. J. 1999. Master Control Genes in Development and Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Geoffroy, St. Hilaire, Étienne. 1822. La Loi de Balancement. Paris.

Gesteland, R., T. Cech, and J. Atkins. 1999. The RNA World. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Ghiselin, Michael T. 1996. Charles Darwin, Fritz Müller, Anton Dohrn, and the origin of evolutionary physiological anatomy. Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 27: 49–58.

Giribet, G., D. L. Distel, M. Polz, W. Sterner, and W. C. Wheeler. 2000. Triploblastic relationships with emphasis on the acoelomates and the position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha. Syst. Biol. 49: 539–562.

Givnish, T. J., and K. J. Sytsma (eds.). 1997. Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Goldschmidt, R. 1940. The Material Basis of Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Gould, S. J. 1977. The return of hopeful monsters. Natural History 86 (June/July): 22–30.

______. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gould, S. J., and R. Lewontin. 1979. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 205: 581–598.

Gram, D., and W. H. Li. 1999. Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution, 2nd ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Grant, Verne. 1963. The Origin of Adaptations. New York: Columbia University Press.

______. 1981. Plant Speciation, 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press.

______. 1985. The Evolutionary Process. New York: Columbia University Press.

Graur, Dan, and Wen-Hsiung Li. 1999. Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution, 2nd ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Gray, Asa. 1963 [1876]. Darwiniana (new edition, A. H. Dupree, ed.), pp. 181–186. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Griffin, Donald R. 1981. The Question of Animal Awareness: Evolutionary Continuity of Mental Experience, rev. ed. Los Altos, Calif.: Kaufmann.

______. 1984. Animal Thinking. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

______. 1992. Animal Minds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Haeckel, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin: Georg Reimer.

Haldane, J. B. S. 1929. The origin of life. Rationalist Ann., p. 3.

______. 1932. The Causes of Evolution. New York: Longman, Green.

Hall, B. K. 1998. Evolutionary Developmental Biology, 2nd ed. Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

______. 2001. Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetic evolution of social behavior. J. Theoretical Biology 7: 1–52.

Hartl, Daniel L., and Elizabeth W. Jones. 1999. Essential Genetics, 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett.

Hatfield, T., and D. Schluter. 1999. Ecological speciation in sticklebacks: Environment dependent fitness. Evolution 53: 866–879.

Hines, P., and E. Culotta. 1998. The evolution of sex. Science 281: 1979–2008.

Hopson, J. A., and H. R. Barghusen. 1986. An analysis of therapsid relationships. In N. Hotton III et al. (eds.), The Ecology and Biology of Mammal-like Reptiles, pp. 83–106. Washington/London: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Howard, D. J., and S. H. Berlocher (eds.). 1998. Endless Forms: Species and Speciation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Huxley, T. H. 1863. Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature.

______. 1868. On the animals which are most closely intermediate between the birds and the reptiles. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2: 66–75.

Jacob, F. 1977. Evolution and tinkering. Science 196: 1161–1166.

Kay, Lily E. 2000. Who Wrote the Book of Life? A History of the Genetic Code. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Keller, E. F., and E. A. Lloyd. 1992. Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Keller, L. (ed.). 1999. Levels of Selection in Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Kimura, Motoo. 1983. The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kirschner, M., and J. Gerhart. 1998. Evolvability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98: 8420–8427.

Kitcher, Philip. 1982. Abusing Science. The Case Against Creationism. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Lack, David. 1947. Darwin’s Finches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste. 1809. Philosophie Zoologique. Paris.

Lawrence, P. A. 1992. The Making of a Fly. London: Blackwell.

Li, W. H. 1997. Molecular Evolution. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Lovejoy, A. B. 1936. The Great Chain of Being. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Magurran, Ann E., and Robert M. May (eds.). 1999. Evolution of Biological Diversity. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.

Margulis, L. 1981. Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

______. 1996. Archaeal–eubacterial mergers in the origin of Eukarya. Phylogenetic classification of life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93: 1071–1076.

Margulis, Lynn, and Rene Fester (eds.). 1991. Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Margulis, L., and K. V. Schwartz. 1998. Five Kingdoms, 3rd ed. New York: W. H. Freeman.

Margulis, Lynn, Dorion Sagan, and Lewis Thomas. 1997. Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Margulis, Lynn, Michael F. Dolan, and Ricardo Guerrero. 2000. The chimeric eukaryote: Origin of the nucleus from the karyomastigont in amitochondriate protists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97: 6954–6959.

Marshall, Charles, and J. W. Schopf (eds.). 1996. Evolution and the Molecular Revolution. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett.

Martin, W., and M. Müller. 1998. The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote. Nature 392: 37–41.

Masson, V. J., and Susan McCarthy. 1995. When Elephants Weep: The Emotional Lives of Animals. New York: Delacorte Press.

May, R. 1990. How many species? Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B 330: 293–301; (1994) 345: 13–20.

______. 1998. The dimensions of life on earth. In Nature and Human Society. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

Maynard Smith, J. 1982. Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

______. 1989. Evolutionary Genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Maynard Smith, J., and E. Szathmary. 1995. The Major Transitions in Evolution. Oxford: Freeman/Spektrum.

Mayr, Ernst. 1942. Systematics and the Origin of Species. New York: Columbia University Press.

______. 1944. Wallace’s line in the light of recent zoogeographic studies. Quarterly Review of Biology 19: 1–14.

______. 1954. Change of genetic environment and evolution. In J. Huxley, A. C. Hardy, and E. B. Ford (eds.), Evolution as a Process, pp. 157–180. London: Allen and Unwin.

______. 1959. Darwin and the evolutionary theory in biology. In Evolution and Anthropology: A Centennial Appraisal, pp. 1–10. Washington, D.C.: Anthropological Society of America.

______. 1960. The emergence of evolutionary novelties. In Sol Tax (ed.), Evolution after Darwin. I. The Evolution of Life, pp. 349–380. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

______. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

______. 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

______. 1974. Behavior programs and evolutionary strategies. American Scientist 62: 650–659.

______. 1982. The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

______. 1983. How to carry out the adaptationist program? American Naturalist 121: 324–334.

______. 1986. The philosopher and the biologist. Review of The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus by Elliott Sober (MIT Press, 1984). Paleobiology 12: 233–239.

______. 1991. Principles of Systematic Zoology, rev. ed. with Peter Ashlock. New York: McGraw-Hill.

______. 1992. Darwin’s principle of divergence. J. Hist. Biol. 25: 343–359.

______. 1994. Recapitulation reinterpreted: The somatic program. Onart. Rev. Biol. 64: 223-232.

______. 1997. The objects of selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94: 2091–2094.

Mayr, Ernst, and J. Diamond. 2001. The Birds of Northern Melanesia. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mayr, Ernst, and W. Provine (eds.). 1980. The Evolutionary Synthesis (2nd ed. with new foreword published in 1999). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

McHugh, D. 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94: 8006–8009.

Michod, Richard E., and Bruce R. Levin. 1988. The Evolution of Sex. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Midgley, M. 1994. The Ethical Primate. London: Routledge.

Milkman, R. 1982. Perspectives on Evolution. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.

Montagu, Ashley (ed.). 1983. Science and Creationism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Moore, J. A. 2001. From Genesis to Genetics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Morgan, T. H. 1910. Chromosomes and heredity. American Naturalist 44: 449–496.

Morris, S. Conway. 2000. The Cambrian “explosion”: Slow fuse or megatonnage? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97: 4426–4429.

Müller, Fritz. 1864. Für Darwin. In A. Moller (ed.), Fritz Müller, Werke, Briefe, und Leben. Jena: Gustao Fischer.

Nevo, Eviatar. 1995. Evolution and extinction. In W. A. Nierenberg (ed.), Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology, vol. 1, pp. 717–745. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.

______. 1999. Mosaic Evolution of Subterranean Mammals: Regression, Progression, and Global Convergence. New York: Oxford University Press.

Newell, Norman D. 1982. Creation and Evolution: Myth or Reality: New York: Columbia University Press.

Nitecki, Matthew H. (ed.). 1984. Extinctions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

______. 1988. Evolutionary Progress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Oparin, A. I. 1938. The Origin of Life. New York: Macmillan.

Page, R. D. M., and E. C. Holmes. 1998. Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Paley, William. 1802. Natural Theology: On Evidences of the Existence and the Attributes of the Deity. London: R. Fauldner.

Paterson, Hugh E. H. 1985. The recognition concept of species. In E. S. Verba (ed.), Species and Speciation, Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 4, pp. 21–29. Pretoria, South Africa: Transvaal Museum.

Peacocke, A. R. 1979. Creation and the World of Science. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Pickford, M., and B. Senut. 2001. Comptes Rend. Acad. Sci.

Raff, R. A. 1996. The Shape of Life. Development and the Evolution of Animal Form. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ray, John. 1691. The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creator.

Rensch, B. 1947. Neuere Probleme der Abstammungslehre. Stuttgart: Enke.

Rice, W. R. 1987. Speciation via habitat specialization: The evolution of reproductive isolation as correlated character. Evolution and Ecology 1: 301–314.

Ridley, Mark. 1996. Evolution, 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Science.

Riesenberg, Loren H. 1997. Hybrid origins of plant species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28: 359–389.

Ristan, Carolyn A. (ed.). 1991. Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Rizzotti, M. 1996. Defining Life. Padova: University of Padova.

______. 2000. Early Evolution: From the Appearance of the First Cell to the First Modern Organisms. Boston: Birkhäuser.

Rose, Michael R., and G. V. Lander (eds.). 1996. Adaptation. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.

Rüber, L., E. Verheyen, and Axel Meyer. 1999. Replicated evolution of trophic specializations in an endemic cichlid fish lineage from Lake Tanganyika. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96: 10,230–10,235.

Ruse, Michael. 1982. Darwinism Defended. Reading, Mass.: Addison & Wesley.

______. 1998 [1986]. Taking Darwin Seriously. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.

Sagan, Dorion, and Lynn Margulis. 2001. Origin of eukaryotes. In S. A. Levin (ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Vol. 2, pp. 623–633. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.

Salvini Plawen, L., and Ernst Mayr. 1977. On the evolution of photoreceptors and eyes. Evolutionary Biology 10: 207–263.

Sanderson, Michael, and Larry Hufford (eds.). 1996. Homoplasy: The Recurrence of Similarity in Evolution. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.

Sapp, J. 1994. Evolution by Association: A History of Symbiosis. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schindewolf, H. O. 1950. Grundfragen der Paläontologie. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart.

Schopf, J. W. 1999. Cradle of Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Simpson, G. G. 1953. The Major Features of Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press.

Singh, R. S., and C. B. Krimbas (eds.). 2000. Evolutionary Genetics: From Molecules to Morphology. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sober, E., and D. S. Wilson. 1998. Unto Others. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Stanley, Steven M. 1998. Children of the Ice Age: How a Global Catastrophe Allowed Humans to Evolve. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. 1992. Diversity of Life. Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/Cole.

Stewart, W. N. 1983. Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strait, D. S., and B. A. Wood. 1999. Early hominid biogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96: 9196–9200.

Strickberger, Monroe W. 1985. Genetics, 3rd ed. New York: Prentice Hall.

______. 1996. Evolution, 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett.

Sussmen, Robert. 1997. Biological Basis of Human Behavior. New York: Simon and Schuster Custom Publishing.

Tattersall, I., and J. H. Schwartz. 2000. Extinct Humans. New York: Westview Press.

Taylor, T., and E. Taylor. 1993. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. New York: Prentice Hall.

Thompson, J. N. 1994. The Coevolutionary Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Vanosi, S. M., and D. Schluter. 1999. Sexual selection against hybrids between sympatric stickleback species. Evidence from a field experiment. Evolution 53: 874–879.

Vernadsky, Vladimir I. 1926 [1998]. Biosfera [The Biosphere]. Forward by Lynn Margulis et al.; introduction by Jacques Grinevald; translated by David B. Langmuir; revised and annotated by Mark A. S. McMenamin. New York: Copernicus.

Wake, D. B. 1997. Incipient species formation in salamanders of the Ensatina complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94: 7761–7767.

Wakeford, T. 2001. Liaisons of Life: How the Unassuming Microbe Has Driven Evolution. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Watson, James D., and F. Crick. 1953. Molecular structure of nucleic acid. Nature 171: 737–738.

West-Eberhard, W. J. 1992. Adaptation. Current usages. In E. F. Keller and E. A. Lloyd (eds.), Keywords in Evolutionary Biology, pp. 13–18. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Westoll, T. Stanley. 1949. On the evolution of the Dipnoi. In Glenn L. Jepsen, Ernst Mayr, and George Gaylord Simpson (eds.), Genetics, Paleontology, and Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Wheeler, Quentin D., and Rudolf Meier (eds.). 2000. Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate. New York: Columbia University Press.

Willis, J. C. 1940. The Course of Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wills, C., and Jeffry Bada. 2000. The Spark of Life. Boulder: Perseus Books.

Wilson, James Q. 1993. The Moral Sense. New York: The Free Press.

Wolf, J. B., E. D. Bradie, and M. J. Wade. 2000. Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wrangham, Richard W. 2001. Out of the pan and into the fire: From ape to human. In F. de Waal (ed.), Tree of Origins. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Wright, R. 1994. The Moral Animal: Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life. New York: Pantheon Books.

Wright, S. 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16: 97–159.

Young, Willard. 1985. Fallacies of Creationism. Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Detrelig Enterprises.

Zahavi, Amotz. 1997. The Handicap Principle: A Missing Piece of Darwin’s Puzzle. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zimmer, Carl. 1998. At the Water’s Edge: Macroevolution and the Transformation of Life. New York: Free Press.

Zubbay, G. 2000. Origins of Life on Earth and in the Cosmos. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.

Zuckerkandl, E., and L. Pauling. 1962. In M. Kasha and B. Pullmann (eds.), Horizons in Biochemistry, pp. 189–225. New York: Academic Press.