Adamovich, Aliaksandr, 241
Aeneid (Virgil), 108
affirmative action, 237
Afghanistan, 300
Ahmed (Khan of the Great Horde), 10–11, 13
Aksakov, Konstantin, 134
Alaska, 122
Aleksandrov, Aleksandr, 269, 271
Aleksandrov, Georgii, 273–274, 279
Alekseev, Mikhail, 186, 188, 199, 206
Aleksei Mikhailovich (Tsar), 30, 33, 38–39
Aleksei (Tsarevich), 187–188
Alexander (Grand Duke of Lithuania), 13
Alexander I (Tsar), 75–77
Alexander II (Tsar), 94, 105, 109, 119–120, 123
assassination of, 152
with language censorship, 140, 145–146
Alexander III (Tsar), 152
Aleksandr Nevsky (film), 254
Andropov, Yurii, 299
Andruzky, Heorhii, 113
Anna Ioannovna, (Empress), 45
Annenkov, Nikolai, 140–141
annexation
of Belarus and Ukraine, 263
of Crimea, viii, 335, 337–341, 349–350
“The Anniversary of Borodino” (Pushkin), 79
Anti-Comintern Pact (1936), 246, 257
anti-patriotism, 256–258
Antonovych, Volodymyr (Włodzimierz Antonowicz), 123
Archeographic Commission, 95
ARCOS, 239
Arsenii (Metropolitan) (Moskvin), 139
Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, Sophie Friederike. See Catherine II
Augustus (Roman Emperor), 14, 15, 16
Austria-Hungary, 200
Avvakum (Archpriest), 41–42
Balitski, Anton, 241
Baltic Slavic dialect, 125, 126
Bantysh-Kamensky, Dmitrii, 110
Barszczewski, Jan, 131
Báthory, Stephen (King of Poland), 17
Battle of Borodino (1812), 75, 79
Battle of Orsha (1514), 12, 13
Battle of Poltava (1709), 61
Battle of the Kulikovo Field (1380), 292
Batu Khan (Mongol ruler), 5–6
Belarus, 6, 67, 88, 124, 134, 206, 219
annexation of, 263
dual citizenship and, 319
education, 203
folk culture in, 130
indigenization campaign and, 236–237, 241, 242–243
language and, 130–132, 289–290
nationality, 234–235
nationhood and, 202–205
natural gas and, 323
Rada and, 203–205
Roman Catholic Church in, 130–131
takeover of eastern, 60–61
Belarusian Communist Party, 234, 237
Belarusization, 229, 236–237, 241, 289
Belinsky, Vissarion, 115–116
Belov, Vasilii, 306
Berezovsky, Boris, 318, 322–323, 324
Beria, Lavrentii, 278–279, 281, 284
Bezborodko, Oleksandr, 59, 66, 90
Biblioteka dlia chteniia (Library for Reading), 110
Biren, Ernst Johann von, 46
Black Hundreds, 171
“Bloody Sunday,” 158
Bobrinsky, Aleksei, 231
Bobrinsky, Vladimir, 179
Bode, Aleksandr, 269
Bodiansky, Osyp, 111, 116, 126
Bogatyri (Heroes) (opera), 252–253
Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Korniichuk), 265, 275, 280
Bolshevik Party, 196–197, 200, 218, 271
First All-Union Congress of Soviets and, 211–213, 221, 225
Russian Revolution and, 192–193, 198–199
Twelfth Party Congress and, 223–224, 229, 230
Ukraine and, 214–217
Bolshoi Theater, 211
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon I
Book of Royal Degrees, 15
Boretsky, Dmitrii, 9
Borotbists, 216
Brezhnev, Leonid, 243, 283–284, 290, 293–294, 299, 303
Brief Compendium of Teachings on the Articles of Faith, 31
Briullov, Kirill, 109
Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 107, 108, 111–112, 114, 116, 120, 133, 139, 146
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 349
Budilovich, Anton, 171
Bukharin, Nikolai, 251–252, 287
Bulgakov, Mikhail, 253
Bush, George W., 336
Bykaŭ, Vasil, 294–295
Byzantine Empire, 3
Carew, Richard, 50
Casimir IV (King of Poland), 8, 10–11, 12, 13
Catherine II “the Great” (Empress), 58, 71, 81
expansion and, 60–66
with intellectual elite, 59–60
Orthodox Church and, 66–69
rise to power, 55–57
censorship
culture, 252–253
in language, 130–131, 137–146, 150, 162–163, 173, 179–180, 207–208
of literature, 115
Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA
Charlemagne (King of Franks, Holy Roman Emperor), xii
Charles X (King of France), 81
Charles XII (King of Sweden), 42–43, 172
Chechens, 314–315
Chechnia, 320
Chernenko, Konstantin, 299
Chersonesus, viii
Chicherin, Georgii, 217–218
Chizhov, Fedor, 116
chronicle writing, 5
Chubais, Anatolii, 322
Chubar, Vlas, 232
Chubynsky, Pavlo, 146
Church of the Dormition (Kyiv), 5–6
Church of Dormition (Moscow), 20, 27
Church Slavonic language, 48–51, 89, 118
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 299
citizenship, 56, 164, 201, 315, 319
Russian, 290, 314–315, 319, 349
collectivization, 239, 241, 243, 246, 269, 291
Columbus, Christopher, 23
Committee on the Western Provinces (Western Committee), 86–87
common citizenship, 290
Commonwealth of Independent States, 313, 318–319, 336
nationalism and, 308–309
The Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 249
Communist Party, 243
See also Russian Communist Party; Bolshevik Party
Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), 76
Constantine (Grand Duke), 78
Constantine IX Monomachos (Byzantine emperor), 5, 14
Constantine XI Palaiologos (Byzantine emperor), 3, 22
Constitutional Democratic Party, 166–168, 173, 182, 190, 194
A Conversation Between Great Russia and Little Russia (Divovych), 57–58
conversion, religious, 66–69, 96–97, 160, 180
Council for Foreign and Defense Policy, 321–322
Council of Brest (1596), 29
Council of Florence (1431–1449), 21
Council of Trent (1545–1563), 31
coups
Brezhnev and, 290
Catherine II and, 55–56
Kornilov and, 199–200
Lenin and, 193–194
Nicholas II and, 187–190
Yeltsin, B., and, 310–311
Crimea
annexation of, viii, 335, 337–341, 349–350
Crimean War of 1853–1856, 121–122
culture, 6, 91–92, 130, 207, 288, 347–348
attacks on, 279–281
censorship, 252–253
Edict of Ems influencing, 145–146, 151–152, 161, 167
with history as inspiration, 271–272
indigenization campaign and, 229, 231–232, 234, 236–237, 241
language and, 165–167, 229, 231–232, 234, 236–237, 241, 287, 307, 340–341
revival, 254–255, 263, 265–266
Cyrillic, 131
Cyrillo-Methodian Brotherhood. See Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
Czacki, Tadeusz, 93
Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy, 92, 93, 96
Czechoslovakia, 262
Danylo of Halych (Prince), 271–272, 274
Darius the Great of Persia, 75
Decembrist Uprising (1825), 87
Denikin, Anton, 206–207, 216, 326–327
Didytsky, Bohdan, 148–149
Divovych, Semen, 57–58
Dmitrii (Prince), 26
Dmowski, Roman, 159
Dobriansky, Adolf, 148–149
Dolgoruky, Yurii (Prince), vii, 117, 118
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 328
Dovzhenko, Oleksandr, 272, 280, 293
Drach, Ivan, 293
Drahomanov, Mykhailo, 143–144, 146, 150, 167
Dugin, Aleksandr, 336
elections, 159, 163, 167–168, 171, 187, 189
First (1906), 163, 164, 165, 168
Fourth (1912–1917), 165, 167–168, 171
Second (February–June 1907), 165, 168, 187
Third (1907–1912), 165
Dunin-Marcinkiewicz, Wincenty, 131
Dzerzhinsky, Feliks, 221
economy
Olympic Games and, 334
with sanctions, 346
US, 300
Edict of Ems (1876), 145–146, 151–152, 161, 167
affirmative action and, 237
“historiography crisis” and, 47–48
with history, revival, 249–250, 252–253, 265
language and, 159, 165, 173, 179, 230, 233, 234, 288–289
Eisenstein, Sergei, 254, 279–280
Duma, 159, 163, 167–168, 171, 187, 189
poisonings in, 324
Yeltsin, B., and, 309–310
elite
intellectual, 47, 59–60, 242, 292, 306
purge of, 288
Elizabeth (Empress), 46
Eneïda (Kotliarevsky), 108, 126, 131, 148
Engels, Friedrich, 249–250
Enlightenment, 56
Epistle on the Excellencies of the English Tongue (Carew), 50
ethnicity
identity and, 319–320
marriage and, 303
patriotism and, 256
EU. See European Union
Eurasian Economic Community, 323
Evlogii (Archbishop (Georgievsky) 161, 179, 180, 184–185
Exposition of the Easter Cycle, 23
fatherland (otechestvo), 268
Federal Security Service, 317
Fedor Ivanovich, (Tsar), 17, 19–20, 24, 26
Filaret (Patriarch of Moscow). See Romanov, Fedor
First All-Union Congress of Soviets, 211–213, 221, 225
First Congress of Compatriots Living Abroad, 327–328
Florinsky, Timofei, 171
folk culture, Belarus, 130
forced-labor camps (Gulag), 241, 256, 293–294, 305–306, 334
Foreign Affairs (Brzezinksi), 349
foreign policy, 250, 267, 321–322, 329
“The Foreign Policy of Russian Tsardom” (Engels), 250
Four-Year Diet, 62
Franko, Ivan, 266
Frederick II (King of Prussia), 61
Frunze, Mikhail, 218
Fund for Historical Perspective, 330
Gagarin, Yurii, 286
Galician-Volhynian princes, 6
Gapon, Grigorii, 158
Gellner, Ernest, x
Genghis Khan (Mongol ruler), 5, 10
Georgian language, 303
Germany, 200, 201, 246, 257, 351
with Belarus and nationhood, 202–204
Treaty of Rapallo, 217–218
Girkin, Igor, 342
glasnost, 301
Glinka, Mikhail, 321
Glinka, Nikolai, 253
Gogol, Nikolai (Hohol’, Mykola), 94, 110, 148
Gogotsky, Sylvestr, 123–124
Golden Gate, in Kyiv, 94
Gorbachev, Mikhail
economy and, 301
legacy, 313
as president, 301–302
Yeltsin, B., and, 310, 311–312
Gorchakov, Aleksandr, 147
GPU (Soviet secret police), 228, 238, 241, 242, 253, 256
Grand Army, 74–76
Great Britain, x, 239, 270–271
Great Northern War (1700–1721), 42, 44
German-Soviet War (1941–1945) (“Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”)
Stalin and, 269–273
“Great Rus’,” 38, 58, 117, 271, 281, 326–327
Great Russia
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 290
Great Terror (1937–1938), 256–257
Great Ukrainian Famine (Holodomor), 241–242
Great War (1914–1918), 174, 175–176, 183–186
Guchkov, Aleksandr, 187–188
Guizot, François, 81
Gulag. See forced-labor camps
Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn), 304
Gusinsky, Vladimir, 323
Habsburg, Wilhelm (Archduke), 201
Habsburg Empire, x, 147, 148–149
Hamlet (Sumarokov), 49
Hegel, G. W. F., 107
Helsinki Accords (1975), 304
Herberstein, Sigismund, 15
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 82
Hermogen (Patriarch of Moscow), 28
Herzen, Aleksandr, 127–128
“historiography crisis,” 47–48
for cultural inspiration, 271–272
nationalism and literary, 280
revival of, 249–250, 252–253, 265
History of Little Russia (Bantysh-Kamensky), 110
History of the Kazakh SSR (Pankratova), 274
History of the Rus’, 116–117, 126
History of the Russian State (Karamzin), 78, 90
History of Western Philosophy (Aleksandrov, G.), 279
Putin and, 339
Stalin and, 260, 262–263, 268, 269, 272
Holodomor. See Great Ukrainian Famine
Homan (Echo) (newspaper), 203
Hosking, Geoffrey, x–xi
How the Tsar Deceives the People (brochure), 183
Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, 164–165, 168, 183, 220, 231
arrest of, 241
Rada and, 194–195
Russian Revolution and, 198
human rights, 304–306
“Hymn of the Bolshevik Party” (Aleksandrov, A.), 271
ethnicity and, 319–320
nationalism and, 263–268
Russian Federation and, 319–320
Ruthenian, 98–99
Ukraine and, 350–351
Ukrainian language and, 230–231
Ihnatoŭski, Usevalad, 236, 241
Ilin, Ivan, 327
Imperial Academy of Sciences, 47
Imperial Geographic Society, 146
indigenization campaign, 228, 238, 303
language and culture with, 229, 231–232, 234, 236–237, 241
intellectual elite, 47, 59–60, 242, 292, 306
International Council of Russian Compatriots, 330
Interregional Group of Deputies, 308–309, 314
Iosafat (Bulhak) (Metropolitan), 99Iov (metropolitan of Moscow), 25, 26
Irina (Tsarina), 26
Irina (Princess), 30
Isidore (Greek metropolitan of Rus’), 21
Ivan III Vasilievich (Tsar), 23, 69
Ivan IV (the Terrible) (Tsar)
criticism of, 279–280
influence, 15–17, 20, 24, 27, 47
Ivan Susanin (play), 275
Ivan V (Tsar), 42
Ivanov, Anatolii, 292
Izvestiia (News), 251
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 166
January Uprising (1863), 122–123
Jeremiah II (Patriarch of Constantinople), 24–26, 35
anti-Semitism against, 170, 278, 291
marriage and, 295
Joachim V (Patriarch of Antioch), 19–20, 24, 25, 26
John II Casimir (King of Poland), 266
Joint Investigation Team, 344
Joseph II (Habsburg Emperor), 65
language and, 131–132, 138–139, 166, 303
literary, 291–292
Ukraine in, 128–129
underground, 304
Kabuzan, Vladimir, 320
Kaftan, Larisa, 326
Kaganovich, Lazar, 230, 232–233
Kaliningrad region, 309
Kalinowski, Wincenty Konstanty (Kalinoŭski, Kastus), 132, 272
Kamenev, Lev, 220–221, 229, 238
Katkov, Mikhail, 134, 141–143, 145
Kaverda, Barys, 240
Kazan, 15
Keenan, Edward L., 349
khlopomany (peasant-lovers), 123
Khmelnytsky, Bohdan (Hetman of Ukraine)
honors for, 272–273
role of, 32–34, 37, 80, 135, 264–265
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 323, 334
Khrushchev, Nikita, 272–273, 279, 280, 321
influence, 286
Stalin and, 284–286
Khvyliovy, Mykola, 242
Kievlianin (The Kyivan), 187, 195, 199
Kingdom of Poland, 76–78
Kirill (Patriarch) (Gundiaev), viii, 330–331
Kistiakovsky, Bohdan, 166
Kobzar (Minstrel) (Shevchenko), 109–110
Koialovich, Mikhail, 132–134
Kolesnichenko, Vadim, 330
Kolokol (The Bell) (journal), 128, 129
Komsomol’skaia pravda (Komsomol Truth) (newspaper), 326
Konstantinovich, Konstantin, 162–163
Konysky, Heorhii (Archbishop), 60–61, 117
Kopitar, Jernej Bartol, 125, 148
Koreans, 284
Kormchaia kniga (1653), 35
Korniichuk, Oleksandr, 265, 275, 280
Korsh, Fedor, 162
Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 62–63, 70, 73, 272
Kościuszko Uprising, 63, 65, 68
Kostenko, Lina, 293
Kosterina, Nina, 249–250
Kostomarov, Mykola (Nikolai), 114, 138, 152
Ukraine and, 105, 106–107, 108, 109, 112–113, 120, 128–129, 133
Kosygin, Aleksei, 294
Kotliarevsky, Ivan, 108–109, 126, 131, 148
Kotsiubynsky, Mykhailo, 198
Kotsiubynsky, Yurii, 198
Kozytsky, Hryhorii, 60
Kravchuk, Leonid, 312–313
Kremianets school, 93
the Kremlin, 4
Krupskaia, Nadezhda, 223
Kuchma, Leonid, 323
Kulish, Panteleimon, 113, 116, 139, 150, 328
Kupala, Yanka, 272
Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Hryhorii, 109
Kyivan Cave Monastery, 40–41, 48, 92
Kyivan Telegraph, 146
Kyrychenko, Oleksii, 283
labor
forced-labor camps, 241, 256, 293–294, 305–306, 334
protests, 158–159
unions, 300
land hunger, peasants and, 170–171
censorship in, 130–131, 137–146, 150, 162–163, 173, 179–180, 207–208
Church Slavonic, 48–51, 89, 118
culture and, 165–167, 229, 231–232, 234, 236–237, 241, 287, 307, 340–341
education and, 159, 234, 288–289
Georgian, 303
indigenization campaign and, 229, 231–232, 234, 236–273, 241
journals and, 131–132, 138–139, 166, 303
media and, 140–141, 163–164, 173, 233
nationality and, 126
reform, 48–51
Ukrainization and, 232
See also Russian language; Ukrainian language
Lastoŭski, Vatslaŭ, 205–206
Lavrov, Sergei, 341
The Law of God, or Books of the Genesis of the Ukrainian People (Kostomarov), 112–113, 128
Lebed, Dmytro, 230
Lebedev-Kumach, Vasilii, 269 Lenin, Vladimir, 171
Bolshevik Party and, 213–217
coup and, 193–194
First All-Union Congress of Soviets and, 211–213
Russian Revolution and, 191, 192–193, 198
Stalin and, 212–213, 219–225, 260
on Ukraine, 215–216
“Letter to the Workers and Peasants of Ukraine on the Occasion of the Victories over Denikin” (Lenin), 216
A Life for the Tsar (Glinka, N.), 253
literature
Belarusian-language, 131
censorship of, 115
“Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People” and, 271–272
journals, 291–292
with nationalism and history, 280
Ukrainian, 108–111, 138–146, 280
“village prose,” 291, 292, 303
“Little Rus’,” 37–38, 40, 133, 135
Little Russia, 57–59, 110–111, 326–327
Little Russian tribe, xii, 88, 124, 135
Lokhvitsky, Kondratii, 94
Loris-Melikov, Mikhail, 151–152
Louis Philippe I (King of France), 81
“Love Ukraine” (Sosiura), 280
Lukashenka, Aliaksandr, 319, 323, 345
Luzhkov, Yurii, 318
Maksymovych, Mykhailo, 93–94, 118, 119, 127, 129
Malaysian flight MH17, 344, 346
Malenkov, Georgii, 274, 278, 281
Manchukuo, 246
“Manifesto to the Ukrainian People with an Ultimatum to the Central Rada” (Lenin and Trotsky), 197
of Alexander I, 76
for Catherine II “the Great,” 56, 57
of Nikolaevich, 177–178
rebels’ manifesto of intentions, 87–88
war of, 43
Marchenko, Mykhailo, 266
Maria Theresa (Habsburg Empress), 64
Markevych, Mykola, 110
Markizov, Ardan, 257
Marx, Karl, 249
Marxism and the National Question (Stalin) (pamphlet), 193
Masheraŭ, Petr, 294–295
Maximilian I (Holy Roman emperor), 11
Maximilian II (Holy Roman emperor), 16
Mazepa, Ivan (Hetman of Ukraine), 42, 43, 172
Mazuraŭ, Kiryl, 288
Mdivani, Polikarp, 220
media
language and, 140–141, 163–164, 173, 233
subsidies for, 146–147
Ukrainization and, 266
Medvedev, Dmitrii, viii
Menshikov, Mikhail, 164
Middle East, 38
Mikhalkov, Sergei, 321
Miklosich, Franz von, 148
Miliukov, Pavel, 167–168, 173, 187
Minin and Pozharsky: Salvation from the Interventionists (Bulgakov) (opera), 253
Mohyla, Peter (Metropolitan of Kyiv) 31, 38
Molodaia gvardiia (The Young Guard) (journal), 291, 292
Molotov, Viacheslav
Khrushchev and, 281
role of, 245–246, 252, 260–263, 267, 327
Stalin and, 278
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 260, 263, 267, 274
Kyivan Rus’ and, 5–11
Mongolia. See Buriat-Mongolia
monks, with politics, 95
Monomakh, Volodymyr (Prince of Kyiv), 5, 14, 15
Monomakh’s Cap, 14, 15, 17, 27
Morachevsky, Pylyp, 140
Moscow
architecture, 4
Moskovskie vedomosti (Moscow News), 134
Moskvin, Fedor. See Arsenii
Moskvitianin (The Muscovite) (journal), 108, 116–117, 126
Müller, Gerhard Friedrich, 46–48
Muraviev, Mikhail, 197–198
Muscophile (Russophile) movement, 148, 150–151
Muslims, 34
Myloradovych-Skoropadsk, Yelysaveta, 150
Na vziatie Varshavy (On the Taking of Warsaw), 79
Nadezhdin, Nikolai, 125
Napoleon I (Emperor of France), 73–75, 268
Narochnitskaia, Natalia, 330
narodnost’ (national way of life), 83, 90
Narva, 17
Nasha dolia (Our Destiny) (newspaper), 163
Nasha niva (Our Field) (newspaper), 163
Nashi (Ours) (youth organization), 324
Natalka from Poltava (Kotliarevsky), 109
nationalism
communism and, 308–309
identity and, 263–268
literary history and, 280
nationality, 83–84, 134–135, 193, 196
Belarus, 234–235
language and, 126
Slavophiles and, 107–108, 111, 113–114, 116
Belarus and, 202–205
in context, ix, xi
tripartite model of, 124–127, 134
Ukraine and, 106–120, 127–128, 151–153, 194–199, 200–202, 207, 312
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Navalny, Aleksei, 334
Nazarbayev (Nursultan of Kazakhstan), 310
Nazimov, Vladimir, 131–132
Nevsky, Aleksandr (Prince), 254, 265, 270–272
The New World. See Novyi mir
Nicholas I (Tsar), 78, 81, 92, 98, 100–101, 114
censorship and, 130–131
Organic Statute and, 85–86
with religious conversions, 96
Nicholas II (Tsar), 169, 175, 183
coronation of, 157–158
coup and, 187–190
Nikitenko, Aleksandr, 115
Nikon (Patriarch), 30–31
Nikonov, Viacheslav, 327
“No Turning Back” (Hrushevsky), 194–195
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 323, 325–326, 336, 338
Notes on Russian History (Catherine II “the Great”), 64
November Uprising (1830), 79–80
Novyi mir (The New World) (journal), 291–292
Obama, Barack, 326
Ober Ost (report), 202
obrusenie. See Russification
“official nationality,” 72, 81
Olelkovych, Mykhailo (Prince), 8, 12
Olympic Games, 333–335
“On the Question of Nationalities or ‘Autonomization’” (Lenin), 213, 223
On the Taking of Warsaw. See Na vziatie Varshavy
The Opinion of a Russian Citizen (Karamzin), 77
Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 219, 221, 222
Organic Statute, 85–86
Orthodox Church, 5, 23, 41, 56, 286
influence of, 19–20, 25, 28, 29–30, 161
politics and, 284–285
reform in, 30–32
religious conversion and, 66–69, 96, 97, 180
Roman Catholic Church and, 21–22, 29, 33–34, 151, 169
Ukraine and, 330–331
Uniate Church and, 97, 98–100, 180
Osipov, Vladimir, 304
Osnova (Foundation) (journal), 129, 138–139
Otrepiev, Georgii, 27
Ottoman Empire, x
Ours (Nashi) (youth organization), 324
Paisios (Patriarch of Jerusalem), 32–33, 34
Palace of Facets, 4
Palaiologina, Sophia (Tsarina), 3, 8, 22–23
Palaiologos, Thomas, 3
Pan Tadeusz (Mickiewicz), 131
Pankratova, Anna, 274
Paskevich-Yerivansky, Ivan, 79, 85, 90
patriotism
anti-patriotism, 256–258
ethnicity and, 256
songs and, 321
See also “Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”
land hunger and, 170–171
The Peasant Truth (journal), 132
Pestel, Pavel, 87–90, 124, 135
Peter I “the Great” (Tsar)
with reforms, 48–49
rise of, 42–45
Peter II (Tsar), 45
Peter III (Tsar), 55
Peter the First (film), 253
Petliura, Symon, 229
Petrov, Aleksei, 111–112
Petrov, Vasilii, 66–67, 76, 80
Philosophical Letters (Chaadaev), 107, 125
Picheta, Vladimir, 264
Piłsudski, Józef, 159–160, 234, 239, 242
Platonov, Sergei, 248
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 161
Pogodin, Mikhail
in Moskvitianin, 116–117
with nationhood and language, 117–118
role of, 90, 94, 108, 111, 119, 126, 147
poisonings, politics and, 324
Poland
attitudes toward, 65–66
criticism of, 202
integration of, 85–86
as kingdom, 76–78
language and, 159
Mongol Empire and, 6
Organic Statute and, 85–86
Orthodox Church and, 67
partitions of, 60–65
Polish campaigns and, 73–75
reforms, 62
uprising in, 63, 65, 68, 79–80, 95–101, 122–123
Poletyka, Hryhorii, 51
police. See Federal Security Service; GPU; KGB
Polish campaign (First, 1806–1807), 73
Polish campaign (Second, 1812), 73–75
Polish Educational Commission, 92
education and, 106
foreign policy and, 250, 267, 321–322, 329
monks with, 95
Orthodox Church and, 284–285
peasants with, 215
poisonings and, 324
in Poland with uprisings, 95–101
See also elections
Polotsky, Simeon. See Simeon of Polatsk
Pontic Slavic dialect, 125, 126
populations
Russian-language speakers, 295–296, 304
Russians, 306
Pora! (It’s Time!) (youth organization), 324
Potapov, Aleksandr, 144
Potemkin (battleship), 159
Potocki, Seweryn, 92
Pozharsky, Dmitrii (Prince), 75, 253, 265, 270
Pravda (Truth) (newspaper)
role of, 147, 150, 216, 255, 273
presidency, creation of, 301–302
Primakov, Yevgenii, 318, 321, 336
prince families
Kyivan, 12
Mongol Empire and, 5–7
of Rurikid dynasty, 4–5
of Tver, 7
Prokhanov, Aleksandr, 342–343
Prokopovych, Teofan (Archbishop), 43–44, 45, 84
Prosvita (Enlightenment), 149
protests
in the Balts, 307
against corruption, 336
against Georgian language, 303
labor, 158–159
See also uprisings
Prus (legendary figure), 14, 15
Prussia, 63
Pushkin, Aleksandr, 79–80, 83, 148, 249, 328
Pussy Riot, 334
Putin, Vladimir, vii–viii, 348
Crimea and, 337–341
elections and, 320–321, 323–324
foreign policy and, 321–322
NATO and, 325–326
oligarchs and, 322–323
with Olympic Games, 333–335
rise of, 317–318
with rivals, political, 324
Russian World and, 327–330, 336, 345
Ukraine and, 326–327, 331–332, 335–337, 345–346
Yeltsin, B., and, 317–318, 321
Puzyrevsky, Ilia, 143
Rada
Belarus and, 203–205
Bolshevik Party and, 196–197
Germany and, 201
growth of, 194–196
Rada (Council) (newspaper), 182
Rakovsky, Khristian, 223–224, 230
Razumovsky, Aleksei (Rozumovsky, Oleksii), 46, 47
Razumovsky, Kirill (Rozumovsky Kyrylo) (Hetman of Ukraine), 47–48, 57, 58
rebels’ manifesto of intentions, 87–88
Reformation, Protestant Church, 35
reforms
Alexander II with, 123
economic, 323
education, 249
Hetmanate, abolishment of, 58–59
language, 48–51
in Orthodox Church, 30–32
Poland, 62
Putin, 327
religion
conversion, 66–69, 96–97, 160, 180
See also Orthodox Church; Protestant Church; Roman Catholic Church; Uniate Church
revolts, peasants, 158–159, 195
See also uprisings
Riazan, 5
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 259–261, 263, 267, 274
Rigelman, Nikolai, 143–144, 147
Roman Catholic Church
attitudes toward, 97
in Belarus, 130–131
influence of, 31
Orthodox Church and, 21–22, 29, 33–34, 151, 169
in Poland, 95
Protestant Church and, 30
religious conversion and, 97, 160
with religious suppression, 285
Second Vatican Council, 285
Uniate Church and, 29, 98, 160
Romanov, Fedor (Filaret, Patriarch of Moscow), 29–30
Romanov, Mikhail (Tsar), 27, 29, 30, 253
Romanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich (Grand Duke), 177–178, 181, 184–185
Rome
ancient, 14
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 273
Rose Revolution (2003), 324–325
Rosiiskii magazin (Russian Magazine), 60
rossiiskaia nation, 313–314
Rozum, Oleksii, 46
Ruban, Vasyl, 60
Ruffo, Marco, 4
Rurik (legendary figure), 4, 9, 14
Rurikid dynasty, 4–5, 9–10, 26
See also Kyivan Rus’
Russia
citizenship, 290, 314–315, 319, 349
in Commonwealth of Independent States, 318–319, 336
See also Great Russia; Little Russia
Russian Academy of Sciences, 131
Russian Communist Party, 230
Russian Federation, 302, 309–310, 313
citizenship, 319
flag, 338
identity and, 319–320
Ukraine and, 319, 331–332, 341–345
Russian History (Ustrialov), 91
with Russian World, 329–330
Russian Magazine. See Rosiiskii magazin
in context, 191–194
Rada and, 194–197
Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. See Bolshevik Party
Russian Thought. See Russkaia mysl’
Russian World, 327–330, 336, 345
Russians, population of, 306
Russification (obrusenie)
criticism of, 293
influence, 86, 87–88, 134, 234, 243, 295–296
Russkaia mysl’ (Russian Thought) (journal), 166
Russophile movement. See Muscophile movement
Russo-Ukrainian war, viii
Rusyns, 88
Ruthenians, 98–99, 147–148, 149
Ruzsky, Nikolai, 188
Rypiński, Aleksander, 130
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 324
“The Sacred War” (Aleksandrov, A.), 271
“The Sacred War” (Lebedev-Kumach), 269
Šafárik, Pavol Jozef, 125–127, 147
Sakharov, Andrei, 304
Sakharov, Ivan, 124–125
Samoilovych, Danylo (Hetman of Ukraine), 51
sanctions, economic, 346
Savior’s Tower. See Spasskaia Tower
Sayings of the Russian People About the Family Life of Their Ancestors (Sakharov, I.), 125
Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, 81–82, 84
Schmidt, Edward, 231
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der, 261
Scythians, 75
Second Vatican Council, 285
Semashko, Iosif (Metropolitan), 96–100, 123, 132
Severnaia pchela (Northern Bee), 110
Shaliapin, Fedor, 176
Shchedrovitsky, Petr, 328
Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr, 294
Shelepin, Aleksandr, 293
Shelest, Petro, 293–294
Sheptytsky, Andrei (Metropolitan), 180
Shevchenko, Taras, 150, 168, 172, 231
language and, 139
Ukraine and, 105, 106–107, 109–110, 113
Shevyrev, Stepan, 108
Shishkov, Aleksandr, 75
Shmelev, Ivan, 327
Shostakovich, Dmitrii, 277
Shpilevsky, Pavel, 131
Shtakelberg, Ernst, 147–148
Shuisky, Vasilii (Tsar), 27
Shulgin, Vasilii, 187–189, 195–196, 198–199, 201
indigenization campaign and, 231, 238
in Soviet Union, 227–228
Ukrainian language and, 230–231
Shulgin, Vasilko, 202
Shumsky, Oleksandr, 232, 233, 236, 242
Shushkevich, Stanislaŭ, 313
Sigismund III (King of Poland), 27
Simeon of Polatsk (Polotsky, Simeon), 38, 40, 41–42, 44, 51, 100
Simonov, Konstantin, 277
Single Economic Space, 323
Skirmunt, Raman, 205
Skoropadsky, Ivan (Hetman of Ukraine), 43, 205
Skoropadsky, Pavlo (Hetman of Ukraine), 201–202
Skrypnyk, Mykola, 233, 242, 293
Slavic Benevolent Society, 147
Slavic Ethnography. See Slovanský národopis
Slavophiles, 107–108, 111, 113–114, 116
Slovanský národopis (Slavic Ethnography) (Šafárik), 125, 147
Slovo (Word) (newspaper), 146, 148, 150
Smetona, Antanas, 239
Smolich, Arkadz, 206
Sobchak, Anatolii, 312
Solari, Pietro Antonio, 4
Solidarity, 300
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, viii, 291–292, 303–304, 305, 327
songs
patriotism and, 321
Sosiura, Volodymyr, 280
Soviet secret police. See GPU
Soviet Union
birth of, 211–213
formation of, 217–225
Hero of the Soviet Union, 294
population growth, 300
Russian Federation and, 302
Shulgin in, 227–228
See also “Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”
space race, 286
Spasskaia (Savior’s) Tower, 4
Special Council, 144–145
Sreznevsky, Izmail, 109, 110–111, 117, 126, 127
St. Sophia’s Cathedral (Kyiv), 5
Stalin, Joseph, 175, 214, 231–232, 242
on Belarus, 234–235
Engels and, 249–250
foreign policy and, 267
“Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People” and, 269–273
with history, revival of, 249
Hitler and, 260, 262–263, 268, 269, 272
indigenization campaign and, 229, 239
Lenin and, 212–213, 219–225, 260
Molotov and, 278
Soviet Union and, 219–221
subversion and, 251–252
toast from, 275
on Ukraine, 248–249
Stalin Prize, 265, 273–274, 275
Starina i novizna (Antiquity and Novelty) (journal), 60
Stolypin, Petr, 171
Strategic Defense Initiative, 300–301
Strategy for Russia: Agenda for the President—2000 (Council for Foreign and Defense Policy), 321–322
Struve, Petr, 166–167, 171, 173, 182
influence of, 183
Stus, Vasyl, 293
subsidies, for media, 146–147
subversion, 251–252
Sweden, 16, 17, 42–43, 47, 172, 254
Synopsis (Kyivan Cave Monastery), 40–41, 48
Tadzhikistan, 306
Tale of the Princes of Vladimir, 14
Tatars, 5–6, 8–9, 10–11, 17, 315
Teheran Conference, 273
Teplov, Grigorii, 47
Theses on the Reunification of Ukraine and Russia, 293
Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), 30, 34
The Three Capitals (Shulgin), 227–228
Tikhon (Archimandrite), vii–viii, 327
Time of Troubles, 27–30, 35, 75
Tishkov, Valerii, 313–314, 328–329
“To the Slanderers of Russia” (Pushkin), 79
Tolstoy, Aleksei, 254
Tolstoy, Leo, 328
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), 204
Treaty of Rapallo (1922), 217–218
Treaty of Riga (1921), 234
Trenev, Konstantin, 253
Tretiakov Gallery, 254
Trotsky, Leon, 197, 214, 223, 229, 238
Truce of Andrusovo (1667), 39, 40, 124
Tumansky, Fedir, 60
Turkmenistan, 325
Tver, 7
Twelfth Party Congress, 223–224, 229, 230
“The Two Rus’ Nationalities” (Kostomarov), 128–129
Tychyna, Pavlo, 293
Tymoshenko, Yulia, 335
Ukraine, 6, 88, 105, 129, 133, 293, 348–349
annexation of, 263
attitudes toward, 66
Bolshevik Party and, 214–217
citizenship and, 201
Great Ukrainian Famine, 241–242
identity and, 350–351
indigenization campaign and, 241–243
literature, 108–111, 138–146, 280
nationhood and, 106–120, 127–128, 151–153, 194–199, 200–202, 207, 312
natural gas and, 325
Orthodox Church and, 330–331
population, 307
Putin and, 326–327, 331–332, 335–337, 345–346
Rada and, 194–197
Roman Catholic Church in, 330, 331
Russian Federation and, 319, 331–332, 341–345
Russian-language speakers in, 295–296
Soviet Union and, 218, 282–284
Stalin on, 248–249
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, 241, 248
“Ukraine” (Kostomarov), 128
Ukrainian Helsinki Group, 304–306
Ukrainian Herald. See Ukraïns’kyi visnyk
Ukrainian language
education and, 165, 173, 230, 233, 288–289
identity and, 230–231
literature and, 108–111, 138–146
Special Council on, 144–145
support for, 228–234
suppression of, 137–146, 150, 162–163, 179–180, 207–208
Ukrainization
education and, 266
language and, 232
media and, 266
role of, 229–230, 234, 238, 241
termination of, 242
Ukraïns’kyi visnyk (Ukrainian Herald), 164
underground journals, 304
UNESCO, viii
Uniate (Greek-Catholic) Church
with conversion, forced, 67–68, 96–97, 160
Orthodox Church and, 97, 98–100, 180
Roman Catholic Church and, 29, 98, 160
with uprising in Poland, 95–96
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, 241, 248
“Union of Autonomist Federalists,” 165
Union of Polatsk (1839), 100
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), ix–x
Union of the Russian People, 169–170
unions, labor, 300
United Baltic Duchy, 200
United Nations Organization, 273
United States (US), 270, 286, 299, 301, 326, 336
economy, 300
with sanctions, 346
uprisings
Decembrist (1825), 87
Poland and, 63, 65, 68, 79–80, 95–101, 122–123
protests, 158–159, 303, 307, 336
US. See United States
USSR. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Ustrialov, Nikolai, 91, 120, 142
Uvarov, Sergei, 81–84, 89–91, 115
nationality and, 134–135
Valdemar (Prince of Denmark), 30
Valuev, Petr, 137–138, 140–141
Vasilii II “the Blind” (Prince of Muscovy), 7, 22
Vasilii III (Prince of Muscovy), 14
Veche (journal), 304
Venelin, Yurii, 127
Viazemsky, Aleksandr 59
“village prose,” 291, 292, 303
Virgil, 108
Vishnevsky, Vsevolod, 253
Vladimir (Bogoiavlensky) (Metropolitan), 198
Vladimir (Prince of Kyiv). See Volodymyr the Great
Voikov, Petr, 240
Volin, Boris, 255
Volodymyr the Great (Prince of Kyiv), vii–viii , 5, 9, 38–39, 94–95, 252
Vorotynsky, Semen (Prince), 13
Vsiakaia vsiachina (Anything and Everything) (journal), 60
Western Committee. See Committee on the Western Provinces
What Every Belarusian Needs to Know (Lastoŭski), 205–206
“What the Dismemberment of Russia Promises the World” (Ilin), 327
Władysław IV (King of Poland), 27
world, end of, 23
World Council of Churches, 285
World War I. See Great War
attitudes toward, 263–264
“Belarusian Front,” 273
See also “Great Patriotic War of the Soviet People”
Yakemenko, Vasilii, 324
Yakovlev, Aleksandr, 292
Yanukovych, Viktor, 323–324, 335–337
Yaroslav the Wise (Prince of Kyiv), 5, 94
Yavorsky, Stefan (Metropolitan), 45
Yeltsin, Boris
Commonwealth of Independent States and, 313, 318–319
coup and, 310–311
criticism of, 314
elections, 309–310
oligarchs and, 322
rise of, 309–310
Yeltsin, Naina, 310
Yenukidze, Avel, 235–236
Yurii of Vladimir (Prince), 5
Yushchenko, Viktor, 324–325
Yuzefovich, Mikhail, 144, 147, 150
Zatonsky, Volodymyr, 198, 240–241
Zavadovsky, Petro, 59–60, 92, 93
Zavtra (Tomorrow) (newspaper), 342
Zealots of Piety, 30–31
Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 278
Zhukovsky, Vasilii, 79–80, 94, 109
Zinoviev, Grigorii, 224, 229, 238
Zosima (Metropolitan), 23