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abolitionists, 231
abominable fancy, 130–35
Abraham, 45–46
Abu Ghraib, 253
Adige, 149
Aeneid, The (Virgil), xiii–xiv, 5, 22–32, 139, 263n
Æthelwold, 73–74
Ajax, 15–16
Alcmaeon, 256n
Aldfrith, King, 73
Alexander the Great, 153, 261n
Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 171
Anselm, Saint, 180
Antony, Marc, 262n
Apocalypse of Paul, xiv, 37–44, 179
Aquinas, Thomas, xiv, 130–35, 264n
Archeron, 90–92
Arcolano of Siena, 263n
Ariadne, 262n
Arno, 160
Athena, 18
Atlas, 7
Augustine of Hippo, Saint, xiv, 45, 191, 202
Auschwitz, 233
Avernus, 30
Azzolin, 153
Babylon, scarlet lady of, 225
Babylonians, 36
Bagram, 253
Basil, Saint, 212
Bede, Venerable, 59
Dryhthelm’s journey related by, 68–74
Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 65–67
Bernard, Saint, 189
Bhagavad Gita, 240
Bible, authority of, 199, 225, 227
bird, 219
Blake, William, 244–52
blessed and the damned, 130–35
as opposed in all things, 193
whether the blessed pity the miseries of the damned, 132–34
whether the blessed rejoice in the punishment of the wicked, 134–35
whether the blessed will see the punishments of the damned, 131–32
Book of Revelation, 37
Book of Similitudes, 180
Book of the Visions and Miracles of Clairvaux, 121
Brontê, Charlotte, vii
Bunyan, John, 193
The Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day, 193–96
Caeneus, 28
Caesar, Julius, 140, 157, 263n
Caesarius of Heisterbach, 118, 264n
see also Dialogue on Miracles
Catholics, xv, 169–70, 179, 199, 222, 224, 225
Jesuits, 179
Cécina, 155
Cerberus, 4, 7–8, 11, 12–14, 22, 27
charity, 133
child labor, 231
children, Hell explained for, 201–21, 222
Christ, 37, 44, 45, 72, 196, 203, 224
apostles warned by, 36
death and resurrection of, 45, 47, 54, 55, 179, 262n
descent into Hell (Harrowing of Hell), xiv, 45, 47–56, 169, 223
Jewish patriarchs and prophets and, 45, 47, 48, 56, 169
Judas Iscariot and, 78, 79, 140, 263n
Pinamonti on, 182–84
Christianity, xiii, xiv, xv, 5, 35–36, 37, 45, 47, 59–60, 68, 111, 115, 130–31, 169, 171, 201, 222, 261n
Aeneid and, 22
Catholics, xv, 169–70, 179, 199, 222, 224, 225
Counter-Reformation in, 179
criticisms against doctrines of, xv, 199, 222–27, 231
Jesuits, 179
Protestant Reformation and, xv, 169
Circe, 15
Cistercian order, 125
Cistercian order, conversions to, 118–24
by an abbot of Morimond, 118, 119–20
by a cleric investigating the fate of a local ruler, 118, 122–24
coffin of fire, 214–15
Colenso, Bishop, 224
compassion, 133
comprehensors, 134
Conallus (Conall Cearnach), 91
concentration camps, see extermination camps
Conrad, 122
conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95
Corneto, 155
Rinier da Corneto, 154
Counter-Reformation, 179
Crete, 149
Cú Chulainn, 258n
Cyclops, 75
resurrection of, 193–96
see also blessed and the damned
Dante Alighieri, xiv
The Divine Comedy, xiv, 23, 139
See also Inferno
Furniss on, 205
Pinamonti on, 181–82
Dawes, William, 171–78
della Vigna, Pietro, 263n
demons, 71, 87, 92, 114, 115–17, 209
and Ludwig II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122–23, 126
and student who had made pact with Satan, 120
Tundale and, 91–92, 101, 103–4
see also devils
see also prisons
Devil, see Satan
striking, 209–11
Dialogue on Miracles (Caesarius), 118–24, 125–29
on abbot of Morimond who died and came back to life, 118, 119–20
on Bavarian who appeared to his wife after death, 127–28
on cleric who had practiced necromancy and appeared to a living companion, 118, 121
on cleric who witnessed the torments of Ludwig the Landgrave, 118, 122–24
on knight who hung serpents and toads on his son’s door, 127
on Ludwig the Landgrave’s punishment, 125–26
on nun who killed her child, 128–29
on priest’ punishment, 126
on Rudinger and his drink, 129
Dialogues (Gregory the Great), 61–64, 113
Dionysius I of Syracuse, 153
Dis, 13, 22, 150, 161–62, 262n
Dives, 223
Divine Comedy, The (Dante), xiv, 23, 139
See also Inferno
dots, 219–20
dress of fire, 214
dungeons of Hell, 213–18
boiling kettle, 216–17
deep pit, 214–15
dress of fire, 214
red-hot floor, 215–16
red-hot oven, 217
sad voice, 218
Dryhthelm, 68–74
Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Bede), 65–67
Echidna, 8
Elucidarium (Honorius), 113–14, 115
Engels, Friedrich, 231
Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell, An (Swinden), 170
envy, 175
Epic of Gilgamesh, The, 3
Eriphyle, 28
eternity, 172, 177–78, 187–92, 194
sound of, 220–21
Eurydice, 12
Eurystheus, 12
Evadne, 28
extermination camps, xv, 232, 233
Treblinka, 233–39
Ezzelino III da Romano (Azzolin), 153
Farrar, Frederic William, 131
fear, 175
death from, 213
Furniss on, 213
of Hell, as persuasion, xvi, 111–12, 115, 171, 199, 222, 227
of punishment, vs. punishment itself, 190
Federigo, 157
Fergusius (Fergus mac Roich), 91
fire, 4, 29, 36, 114, 115–16, 171, 172, 177, 180, 181, 188–89, 192
in Apocalypse of Paul, 37–44
bed of, 212
Bunyan on, 194–95
coffin of, 214–15
dress of, 214
Dryhthelm and, 68–72
fire giants, 75–76
Furniss on, 202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 212, 214–15, 220
Fursa and, 65–67
at gates of Hell, 202
God and, 185–86
Holyoake on, 224–26
intensity of, 185–86
quality of, 183–84
quantity of, 184–85
Tundale and, 88, 89, 92, 93, 96, 100, 103
First Council of Lyon, 111
floor, red-hot, 215–16
Florence, 263n
Fourth Lateran Council, 111
Frances of Rome, Saint, 202–4, 208, 209, 211
Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, 122
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 263n
Furnace, Babylonian, 181
Furniss, John, 201
The Sight of Hell, 201–21, 222
The Terrible Judgment, and the Bad Child, 217
Fursa, 65–67
Gamaliel, 49
gates of Hell:
in Dante’s Inferno, 141–46
in Furniss’s The Sight of Hell, 202–3
Gehenna, 35–36
Gerard, 128
Glossa Ordinaria, 261n
gluttons, 96–97
God
banishment from enjoyment of, 171–73
and fire of Hell, 185–86
as infinite, 191
and justice in punishment, 191–92
Gog, 37
Gospel of Mark, 36
Gospel of Nicodemus, 47–56
“Great Below, The” (Reznor), vii
greed, 90–92
Gregory the Great, Pope, 59, 132
Grossman, Vasily, 233–39
Guantánamo Bay detention camp, 253–54
guilty conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95
Habakkuk, 56
Hades, xiii–xiv, 4, 7–8, 11, 12, 13, 35, 48, 60
Haemgisl, 73
Harrowing of Hell (descent of Christ into Hell), xiv, 45, 47–56, 169, 223
hatred, 175
Heaven (Paradise), 59, 68, 72–73, 111, 113, 169, 172–74, 183, 218
Holyoake on, 222–24
Redbord on, 226–27
Heaven & Hell: Where Situated? A Search After the Objects of Man’s Fervent Hope & Abiding Terror (Holyoake), 222–27
Hebe, 17
Hebrew scriptures, xiii, 35–36
belief in reality of, xiii, 169–70, 231
contemplation of, 179–92
darkness in, see darkness
divisions of, 203
doubt about existence of, xv, 199
dungeons in, see dungeons of Hell
fear of, as persuasion, xvi, 111–12, 115, 171, 199, 222, 227
fire in, see fire
gates of, see gates of Hell
of guilty conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95
location of, 59, 113–14, 169–70, 201–2, 222–25, 231
as metaphor, xiii, xv, xvi, 231–32
names for, 224
punishment and torments in, see punishment and torments
Purgatory and, 59, 111, 224, 225
size of, 203
see also Hades
Hell, journeys to, 59
Bede’s accounts of, 65–67, 68–74
Dante’s account of, see Inferno
by Dryhthelm, 68–74
Gregory’s accounts of, 61–64
by student who had made pact with Satan, 118, 119–20
by Tundale, see Vision of Tundale
Hell Opened to Christians to Caution Them from Entering into It (Pinamonti), 179–92
Henry of Almain, Prince, 262n
Hera, 17
see also Hercules
Hercules, 26
Herman I, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122
Hermes, 18
Herod, 78
Hesiod, 7
Theogony, 7–11
Hinnom, 35–36
Hippolytus, 256n
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43
Hitler, Adolf, 235
Holocaust, xv
see also extermination camps
Holyoake, Austin, 222–27
Honorius of Autun, 113–14, 115
Hosea, 45
Hydra, 30
Iapetos, 10
Ignatius of Loyola, 179
incarceration, see prisons
Infants, Limbo of, 169
the gates of Hell, 141–46
Nazi extermination camps compared with, 233, 236
Virgil in, 23, 139, 150, 151, 158
war and, 241
interrogation, 253–54
Jacopo da Santo Andrea, 160
Jane Eyre (Brontë), vii
Japan, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43
Jerome, Saint, 187
Jesuits, 179
Jesus Christ, see Christ
Hebrew scriptures, xiii, 35–36
Nazi extermination camps and, see extermination camps
patriarchs and prophets, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169
John, Saint, Revelation to, 37, 223, 225
Joseph of Arimathea, 47–49
Judas Iscariot
Brendan’s encounter with, 60, 75, 77–80
Jesus Christ and, 78, 79, 140, 263n
Judgment Day, 72, 159, 172, 188, 224
The Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day (Bunyan), 193–96
Julius II, Pope, 224–25
justice, 190–92
Karinus, 49
Kawamoto, Yoshitaka, 241–43
kettle, boiling, 216–17
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 240–41
Kronos, 7
Laertes, 18
Lano, 159
Laodamia, 28
Leitch, A. S., 231
Leto, 16
Leucius, 49
Leviathan, 78
Limbo of Infants, 169
Limbo of the Patriarchs, 45, 169
Los Alamos Laboratory, 240
Loyola, Ignatius, 179
Lucifer, see Satan
Ludwig II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 118, 122–24, 125–26
Ludwig III, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122, 124
Luther, Martin, 169
ma’at, 3–4
Madness of Heracles, The (Seneca), 12–14
Magog, 37
malice, 175
Manchester, 231
manna, 189
Mark, Gospel of, 36
Mars, 160
Martha, 207
Martin, Saint, 182
Mass, 111
Matsui, Kazumi, 241
Matthew, 116
Meagher, William, 201
measurement, 219
mercy, 133
Micah, 56
Michael (archangel), 50
Michelangelo, 224–25
missionaries, 179
Molech, 36
fornicating, 97–99
Montfort, Guy de, 262n
Morimond, abbot of, 118, 119–20
Moses, 46
Mosul, 253
murderers, 88–89
music, 253–54
Nagasaki and Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43
Nazi extermination camps, see extermination camps
conversion of cleric who had practiced, 118, 121
Nicodemus, 47–56
Nobel Peace Prize, 240
No Exit (Sartre), 231–32
nuclear weapons, 240
bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 232, 240–43
nun, pregnant, 128–29
Obizzo II d’Este, 153
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 240
Orion, 16
Orpheus, 12
Osiris, 4
oven, red-hot, 217
pain, see punishment and torments
Pallas, 16
Pasiphaë, 28
passions, 133
patriarchs and prophets, Jewish, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169
Paul the Apostle, Apocalypse of Paul, xiv, 37–44, 179
Pazzo, Rinier, 154
Perdition, 225
Persephone, 7–8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 26
Pew Research Center, xiii
Phaedra, 28
Phlegyas, 32
Pholus, 151
Pilgrim’s Progress, The (Bunyan), 193
Pinamonti, Giovanni Pietro, 179–92
Plato, 130
political detainees, xv, 232, 253–54
see also prisons
Polydorus, 263n
Pompey the Great, 262n
Priam, 263n
fornication by, 97–99
parishioners’ stoning of, 126
political detainees in, xv, 232, 253–54
solitary confinement in, 244–52, 253
see also extermination camps
prophets and patriarchs, Jewish, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169
Procris, 28
Proserpina, 23
Protesilaus, 256n
Protestant Reformation, xv, 169
punishment and torments, 30, 36, 72, 199, 227
in Apocalypse of Paul, 37–44, 179
the blessed as pitying, 132–34
the blessed as rejoicing in, 134–35
the blessed as seeing, 131–32
contemplation of, 179–92
darkness, see darkness
as eternal, 172, 177–78, 187–91
fear of, vs. punishment itself, 190
fire, see fire
as fitting the crime, 88–101, 191–92
as just, 190–92
Socrates on, 19–21
stench, see stench
as unchangeable, 189–90
in Vision of Tundale, 87, 88–101
worms, see worms
Purgatory, 59–60, 111, 113, 120, 169, 224, 225
Pyrrhus, 154
Redbord (Radbod), King of Frisia, 226–27
Red Cross, 253
Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day, The (Bunyan), 193–96
revenge, 176
self-, 175
Reznor, Trent, vii
Rhadamanthus, 30
rich man, parable of, 45–46, 172, 177, 183
Rinier da Corneto, 154
Rinier Pazzo, 154
rivers
of tears, 206–7
robbers, 93–95
Romans, xiii, 4, 22, 23, 35, 37
Rudinger (knight), 129
sacrilege, 94
saints, relationship to the damned, see blessed and the damned
Salmoneus, 30–31
sand, 219–20
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 231–32
Satan (Devil; Lucifer), 65, 175, 182, 223
cleric’s summoning of, 122
company and conversation of, 172, 176–77
in Dante’s Inferno, 139–40, 163–64
Furniss on, 207–8
in Gospel of Nicodemus, 47, 48, 51–52, 54–55
soul standing before, 208–9
student’s pact with, 118, 119–20
in Vision of Tundale, 83, 104–7
Sebastian, Saint, 259n
self-defilers, 97–99
self-revenge, 175
Seneca the Younger, 12–14
sensual appetites, 174–75
“Sentence Worse Than Death, A” (Blake), 244–52
Seth, 50–51
Sextus, 154
SHU (Special Housing Unit; solitary confinement), 244–52, 253
Sight of Hell, The (Furniss), 201–21, 222
sins, multiple, 100–101
slavery, 231
smell, see stench
solitary confinement, 244–52, 253
Solomon, Wisdom of, 102, 116–17
sounds
of eternity, 220–21
in interrogation, 253–54
music, 253–54
sad voice, 218
see also screams
South, 231
Special Housing Unit (SHU; solitary confinement), 244–52, 253
Spiritual Exercises (Ignatius Loyola), 179
Standring, G., 222
stench, 43, 70, 71, 87, 92, 102, 107, 114, 115, 116, 182–83, 192, 207, 208
Strophades, 155
Summa Theologica (Thomas Aquinas), 130–35, 264n
Swinden, Tobias, 170
Sychaeus, 29
Taenarum, 13
Tartarus, 4, 7–11, 19–20, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 51
Telamon, 15
Teresa of Ávila, Saint, 204, 209, 212
Terrible Judgment, and the Bad Child, The (Furniss), 217
Thames, 153
Theogony (Hesiod), 7–11
Theseus, 12–14, 18, 26, 32, 256n, 262n
thieves, 93–95
Thomas, Saint, 181
Thomas Aquinas, xiv, 130–35, 264n
Tisiphone, 29–30
toads, 127
Tollemache, Lionel A., 199
Toppo, 159
torture
in Hell, see punishment and torments
Treatise concerning the Principal Mysteries of our Religion, 115–17
Treblinka, 233–39
Tundale, see Vision of Tundale
Typhon, 8
Ulster Cycle, 258n
Vesuvius, 225
The Aeneid, xiii–xiv, 5, 22–32, 139, 263n
in Dante’s Inferno, 23, 139, 150, 151, 158
Vishnu, 240
Vision of Tundale (Visio Tnugdali), 83–84, 179
angel sent to meet Tundale’s soul, 86–87
deepest depths of hell, 103–4
departure of Tundale’s soul, 85–86
descent into hell, 102
gluttons in, 96–97
greedy in, 90–92
monks and priests in, 97–99
multiple sinners in, 100–101
murderers in, 88–89
prince of shadows in, 104–7
proud souls in, 89–90
self-defilers in, 97–99
thieves and robbers in, 93–95
Visions of Clairvaux, 121
voices
sad, 218
see also screams
Voyage of Saint Brendan, The, 60, 75–80
Vulcanus, 100
see also World War II
Warsaw ghetto uprising, 236, 238
water, 186
William III of England, 171
wine, 129
Wisdom of Solomon, 102, 116–17
atomic bombing of Japan in, 232, 240–43
see also extermination camps
worms, 36, 41, 44, 97, 114, 115, 116, 171, 177, 180
Furniss on, 212