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Index

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abolitionists, 231

abominable fancy, 130–35

Abraham, 45–46

Abu Ghraib, 253

Acheron, 20, 25, 144

Achilles, 4, 15–16, 151, 262n

Adam, 47–51, 54–56, 106, 145

Adige, 149

Aeneas, 22–32, 35

Aeneid, The (Virgil), xiii–xiv, 5, 22–32, 139, 263n

Æthelwold, 73–74

Ajax, 15–16

Alcmaeon, 256n

Aldfrith, King, 73

Alexander the Great, 153, 261n

alms, 42, 72, 127–28

anger, 175, 176

Anglicans, 169–70, 180

Annas, 47–49, 78

Anne, Queen of Great Britain, 171

Anselm, Saint, 180

Antony, Marc, 262n

Anubis, xiii, 4

Apocalypse of Paul, xiv, 37–44, 179

Aquinas, Thomas, xiv, 130–35, 264n

Archeron, 90–92

Arcolano of Siena, 263n

Ariadne, 262n

Aristotle, 130, 261n

Arno, 160

Athena, 18

Atlas, 7

Attila the Hun, 154, 160

Augustine of Hippo, Saint, xiv, 45, 191, 202

Augustus, 22, 157

Auschwitz, 233

Avernus, 30

Azzolin, 153

Babylon, scarlet lady of, 225

Babylonians, 36

Bagram, 253

baptism, 43, 186, 226

Basil, Saint, 212

Bede, Venerable, 59

Dryhthelm’s journey related by, 68–74

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, 65–67

Bernard, Saint, 189

Bhagavad Gita, 240

Bible, authority of, 199, 225, 227

bird, 219

Blake, William, 244–52

blessed and the damned, 130–35

as opposed in all things, 193

whether the blessed pity the miseries of the damned, 132–34

whether the blessed rejoice in the punishment of the wicked, 134–35

whether the blessed will see the punishments of the damned, 131–32

Bonaventure, Saint, 182, 207

Book of Revelation, 37

Book of Similitudes, 180

Book of the Visions and Miracles of Clairvaux, 121

Brendan, Saint, 60, 75–80

Briareus, 7, 9, 10

Brontê, Charlotte, vii

Brutus, 140, 163

Bunyan, John, 193

The Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day, 193–96

Caeneus, 28

Caesar, Julius, 140, 157, 263n

Caesarius of Heisterbach, 118, 264n

see also Dialogue on Miracles

Caiphas, 47–49, 78

Cassius, 140, 163

Catholics, xv, 169–70, 179, 199, 222, 224, 225

Jesuits, 179

Cécina, 155

centaurs, 24, 151–54

Cerberus, 4, 7–8, 11, 12–14, 22, 27

charity, 133

Charon, 22, 25, 26

in Dante’s Inferno, 144, 145

child labor, 231

children, Hell explained for, 201–21, 222

Chiron, 151, 152

Christ, 37, 44, 45, 72, 196, 203, 224

apostles warned by, 36

death and resurrection of, 45, 47, 54, 55, 179, 262n

descent into Hell (Harrowing of Hell), xiv, 45, 47–56, 169, 223

Jewish patriarchs and prophets and, 45, 47, 48, 56, 169

Judas Iscariot and, 78, 79, 140, 263n

Pinamonti on, 182–84

Christianity, xiii, xiv, xv, 5, 35–36, 37, 45, 47, 59–60, 68, 111, 115, 130–31, 169, 171, 201, 222, 261n

Aeneid and, 22

Anglicans, 169–70, 180

Catholics, xv, 169–70, 179, 199, 222, 224, 225

Counter-Reformation in, 179

criticisms against doctrines of, xv, 199, 222–27, 231

Jesuits, 179

Protestant Reformation and, xv, 169

Protestants, 169–70, 179, 180

Chrysostom, John, 185, 265n

Circe, 15

Cistercian order, 125

Cistercian order, conversions to, 118–24

by an abbot of Morimond, 118, 119–20

by a cleric investigating the fate of a local ruler, 118, 122–24

by a necromancer, 118, 121

Cocytus, 139, 163

coffin of fire, 214–15

cold, 92, 102, 114, 115, 116

Colenso, Bishop, 224

compassion, 133

comprehensors, 134

Conallus (Conall Cearnach), 91

concentration camps, see extermination camps

confession, 111, 129

Conrad, 122

conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95

Corneto, 155

Rinier da Corneto, 154

Counter-Reformation, 179

Crete, 149

Cú Chulainn, 258n

Cyclops, 75

damned:

resurrection of, 193–96

see also blessed and the damned

Dante Alighieri, xiv

The Divine Comedy, xiv, 23, 139

See also Inferno

darkness, 92, 114, 115, 116

Furniss on, 205

Pinamonti on, 181–82

Darwin, Charles, xv, 199

David, 53, 56, 223

Dawes, William, 171–78

Deianeira, 151, 262n

della Vigna, Pietro, 263n

demons, 71, 87, 92, 114, 115–17, 209

Brendan and, 75, 77–80

and Ludwig II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122–23, 126

and student who had made pact with Satan, 120

Tundale and, 91–92, 101, 103–4

see also devils

detainees, xv, 232, 253–54

see also prisons

Devil, see Satan

devils, 182, 208, 209, 220

mocking, 209, 211

striking, 209–11

see also demons; Satan

Dialogue on Miracles (Caesarius), 118–24, 125–29

on abbot of Morimond who died and came back to life, 118, 119–20

on Bavarian who appeared to his wife after death, 127–28

on cleric who had practiced necromancy and appeared to a living companion, 118, 121

on cleric who witnessed the torments of Ludwig the Landgrave, 118, 122–24

on knight who hung serpents and toads on his son’s door, 127

on Ludwig the Landgrave’s punishment, 125–26

on nun who killed her child, 128–29

on priest’ punishment, 126

on Rudinger and his drink, 129

Dialogues (Gregory the Great), 61–64, 113

Dido, 22–23, 28–29

Dionysius I of Syracuse, 153

Dis, 13, 22, 150, 161–62, 262n

Dives, 223

Divine Comedy, The (Dante), xiv, 23, 139

See also Inferno

dots, 219–20

dragons, 114, 116

dress of fire, 214

dungeons of Hell, 213–18

boiling kettle, 216–17

deep pit, 214–15

dress of fire, 214

red-hot floor, 215–16

red-hot oven, 217

sad voice, 218

Dryhthelm, 68–74

Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Bede), 65–67

Echidna, 8

Egypt, xiii, 3–4, 182, 205

Elucidarium (Honorius), 113–14, 115

Engels, Friedrich, 231

Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell, An (Swinden), 170

envy, 175

Epic of Gilgamesh, The, 3

Erebus, 15, 16

Eriphyle, 28

eternity, 172, 177–78, 187–92, 194

Furniss on, 209, 218–20, 227

sound of, 220–21

Eurydice, 12

Eurystheus, 12

Evadne, 28

extermination camps, xv, 232, 233

Treblinka, 233–39

Ezzelino III da Romano (Azzolin), 153

Farrar, Frederic William, 131

fear, 175

death from, 213

Furniss on, 213

of Hell, as persuasion, xvi, 111–12, 115, 171, 199, 222, 227

of punishment, vs. punishment itself, 190

Federigo, 157

Fergusius (Fergus mac Roich), 91

fire, 4, 29, 36, 114, 115–16, 171, 172, 177, 180, 181, 188–89, 192

in Apocalypse of Paul, 37–44

bed of, 212

Bunyan on, 194–95

coffin of, 214–15

dress of, 214

Dryhthelm and, 68–72

fiery chains, 114, 116

fire giants, 75–76

Furniss on, 202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 212, 214–15, 220

Fursa and, 65–67

at gates of Hell, 202

God and, 185–86

Holyoake on, 224–26

intensity of, 185–86

quality of, 183–84

quantity of, 184–85

Tundale and, 88, 89, 92, 93, 96, 100, 103

First Council of Lyon, 111

floor, red-hot, 215–16

Florence, 263n

fornicators, 38–41, 96–97

Fourth Lateran Council, 111

Frances of Rome, Saint, 202–4, 208, 209, 211

Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, 122

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 263n

Furies, 23, 24, 30, 31

Furnace, Babylonian, 181

Furniss, John, 201

The Sight of Hell, 201–21, 222

The Terrible Judgment, and the Bad Child, 217

Fursa, 65–67

Gabriel (archangel), 202, 203

Gamaliel, 49

gates of Hell:

in Dante’s Inferno, 141–46

in Furniss’s The Sight of Hell, 202–3

Gehenna, 35–36

Gerard, 128

Glossa Ordinaria, 261n

gluttons, 96–97

God

banishment from enjoyment of, 171–73

and fire of Hell, 185–86

as infinite, 191

and justice in punishment, 191–92

Gog, 37

Gospel of Mark, 36

Gospel of Nicodemus, 47–56

“Great Below, The” (Reznor), vii

greed, 90–92

Greeks, xiii, 4, 35, 37

Gregory the Great, Pope, 59, 132

Dialogues, 61–64, 113

Grossman, Vasily, 233–39

Guantánamo Bay detention camp, 253–54

guilty conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95

Gyes, 7, 9, 10

Habakkuk, 56

Hades, xiii–xiv, 4, 7–8, 11, 12, 13, 35, 48, 60

Haemgisl, 73

hammers, 100, 114, 115, 116

harpies, 24, 155, 158

Harrowing of Hell (descent of Christ into Hell), xiv, 45, 47–56, 169, 223

hatred, 175

Heaven (Paradise), 59, 68, 72–73, 111, 113, 169, 172–74, 183, 218

Holyoake on, 222–24

Redbord on, 226–27

Heaven & Hell: Where Situated? A Search After the Objects of Man’s Fervent Hope & Abiding Terror (Holyoake), 222–27

Hebe, 17

Hebrew scriptures, xiii, 35–36

Hecate, 23, 30

Hell, xiii–xvi, 169

belief in reality of, xiii, 169–70, 231

for children, 201–21, 222

contemplation of, 179–92

darkness in, see darkness

divisions of, 203

doubt about existence of, xv, 199

dungeons in, see dungeons of Hell

fear of, as persuasion, xvi, 111–12, 115, 171, 199, 222, 227

fire in, see fire

gates of, see gates of Hell

geography of, 83, 139

of guilty conscience, 171–74, 177, 180, 194–95

location of, 59, 113–14, 169–70, 201–2, 222–25, 231

as metaphor, xiii, xv, xvi, 231–32

names for, 224

punishment and torments in, see punishment and torments

Purgatory and, 59, 111, 224, 225

size of, 203

straitness of, 180–81, 182

see also Hades

Hell, journeys to, 59

Bede’s accounts of, 65–67, 68–74

Dante’s account of, see Inferno

by Dryhthelm, 68–74

Gregory’s accounts of, 61–64

by student who had made pact with Satan, 118, 119–20

by Tundale, see Vision of Tundale

Hell Opened to Christians to Caution Them from Entering into It (Pinamonti), 179–92

Henry of Almain, Prince, 262n

Hera, 17

Heracles, 12–14, 17–18, 262n

see also Hercules

Hercules, 26

Herman I, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122

Hermes, 18

Herod, 78

Hesiod, 7

Theogony, 7–11

Hinnom, 35–36

Hippolytus, 256n

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43

Hitler, Adolf, 235

Holocaust, xv

see also extermination camps

Holyoake, Austin, 222–27

Homer, 22, 60

Odyssey, 4, 15–18, 75

Honorius of Autun, 113–14, 115

Hosea, 45

Hydra, 30

Iapetos, 10

Ignatius of Loyola, 179

immram, 60, 75

incarceration, see prisons

Infants, Limbo of, 169

Inferno (Dante), xiv, 139–40

the gates of Hell, 141–46

Nazi extermination camps compared with, 233, 236

Virgil in, 23, 139, 150, 151, 158

war and, 241

Inferus, 48, 51–55

insects, 212, 218

interrogation, 253–54

Isaiah, 49, 53, 116, 131, 185

Israelites, 35–36, 189

Jacopo da Santo Andrea, 160

Jane Eyre (Brontë), vii

Japan, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43

Jerome, Saint, 187

Jesuits, 179

Jesus Christ, see Christ

Jews, xiv, 59

Hebrew scriptures, xiii, 35–36

Nazi extermination camps and, see extermination camps

patriarchs and prophets, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169

Job, 116, 132, 185, 210–11

John, Saint, Revelation to, 37, 223, 225

John Chrysostom, 185, 265n

John the Baptist, 50, 160

Joseph of Arimathea, 47–49

Judas Iscariot

Brendan’s encounter with, 60, 75, 77–80

in Dante’s Inferno, 140, 163

Jesus Christ and, 78, 79, 140, 263n

Judgment Day, 72, 159, 172, 188, 224

The Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day (Bunyan), 193–96

Julius II, Pope, 224–25

justice, 190–92

Karinus, 49

Kawamoto, Yoshitaka, 241–43

kettle, boiling, 216–17

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 240–41

Kottos, 7, 9, 10

Kronos, 7

Laertes, 18

Lano, 159

Laodamia, 28

Lazarus, 45–46, 52, 207, 223

Leitch, A. S., 231

Leto, 16

Leucius, 49

Leviathan, 78

liberty, 180, 181

Limbo of Infants, 169

Limbo of the Patriarchs, 45, 169

Los Alamos Laboratory, 240

Loyola, Ignatius, 179

Lucifer, see Satan

Ludwig II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 118, 122–24, 125–26

Ludwig III, Landgrave of Thuringia, 122, 124

Luther, Martin, 169

ma’at, 3–4

Madness of Heracles, The (Seneca), 12–14

Magog, 37

malice, 175

Manchester, 231

manna, 189

Mark, Gospel of, 36

Mars, 160

Martha, 207

Martin, Saint, 182

Mary, 44, 78

Mass, 111

Matsui, Kazumi, 241

Matthew, 116

Meagher, William, 201

measurement, 219

mercy, 133

Mesopotamia, xiii, 3, 4

Micah, 56

Michael (archangel), 50

Michelangelo, 224–25

Minos, 16, 28, 262n

Minotaur, 149–50, 256n, 262n

missionaries, 179

Molech, 36

monks, 111, 113

fornicating, 97–99

Montfort, Guy de, 262n

Morimond, abbot of, 118, 119–20

Moses, 46

Mosul, 253

Mulroy, Kevin, 245, 251

murderers, 88–89

music, 253–54

Nagasaki and Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 232, 240–43

Nazi extermination camps, see extermination camps

necromancy, 15, 35, 260n

conversion of cleric who had practiced, 118, 121

Nemean Lion, 12, 13

Nessus, 151, 152, 155

Nicodemus, 47–56

Night, 7, 10, 23

nine torments, 114, 115–17

Nobel Peace Prize, 240

No Exit (Sartre), 231–32

nuclear weapons, 240

bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 232, 240–43

nun, pregnant, 128–29

Obizzo II d’Este, 153

Odysseus, 4, 15–18, 22, 35

Odyssey (Homer), 4, 15–18, 75

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 240

Orion, 16

Orpheus, 12

Osiris, 4

oven, red-hot, 217

pain, see punishment and torments

Pallas, 16

Pasiphaë, 28

passions, 133

vexatious, 172, 175–76, 177

patriarchs and prophets, Jewish, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169

Paul the Apostle, Apocalypse of Paul, xiv, 37–44, 179

Pazzo, Rinier, 154

Perdition, 225

Persephone, 7–8, 11, 12, 13, 18, 22, 26

Pew Research Center, xiii

Phaedra, 28

Phlegyas, 32

Pholus, 151

Phristinus, 83, 95, 96–97

Pilate, Pontius, 47, 78

Pilgrim’s Progress, The (Bunyan), 193

Pinamonti, Giovanni Pietro, 179–92

Pirithous, 18, 26, 31

pits, 42–44, 214–15

Plato, 130

political detainees, xv, 232, 253–54

see also prisons

Polydorus, 263n

Pompey the Great, 262n

Poseidon, 10, 15, 256n

pregnancy, 42, 98, 128–29

Priam, 263n

pride, 89–90, 175–76

priests, 111, 115, 128

fornication by, 97–99

parishioners’ stoning of, 126

prisons, xv, 232, 244

political detainees in, xv, 232, 253–54

solitary confinement in, 244–52, 253

see also extermination camps

prophets and patriarchs, Jewish, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 169

Procris, 28

Proserpina, 23

Protesilaus, 256n

Protestant Reformation, xv, 169

Protestants, 169–70, 179, 180

punishment and torments, 30, 36, 72, 199, 227

in Apocalypse of Paul, 37–44, 179

the blessed as pitying, 132–34

the blessed as rejoicing in, 134–35

the blessed as seeing, 131–32

contemplation of, 179–92

as continual, 172, 177–78

darkness, see darkness

as eternal, 172, 177–78, 187–91

fear of, vs. punishment itself, 190

fire, see fire

as fitting the crime, 88–101, 191–92

as just, 190–92

nine, 114, 115–17

Socrates on, 19–21

stench, see stench

as unchangeable, 189–90

in Vision of Tundale, 87, 88–101

worms, see worms

Purgatory, 59–60, 111, 113, 120, 169, 224, 225

Pyrrhus, 154

reason, xv, 133, 175

Redbord (Radbod), King of Frisia, 226–27

Red Cross, 253

Resurrection of the Dead and Eternall Judgement, or, The Truth of the Resurrection and the Bodies Both of Good and Bad at the Last Day, The (Bunyan), 193–96

Revelation, 37, 223, 225

revenge, 176

self-, 175

Reznor, Trent, vii

Rhadamanthus, 30

rich man, parable of, 45–46, 172, 177, 183

Rinier da Corneto, 154

Rinier Pazzo, 154

rivers

Styx, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 147

of tears, 206–7

robbers, 93–95

Romans, xiii, 4, 22, 23, 35, 37

Rudinger (knight), 129

sacrilege, 94

saints, relationship to the damned, see blessed and the damned

Salmoneus, 30–31

sand, 219–20

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 231–32

Satan (Devil; Lucifer), 65, 175, 182, 223

cleric’s summoning of, 122

company and conversation of, 172, 176–77

in Dante’s Inferno, 139–40, 163–64

Furniss on, 207–8

in Gospel of Nicodemus, 47, 48, 51–52, 54–55

soul standing before, 208–9

student’s pact with, 118, 119–20

in Vision of Tundale, 83, 104–7

science, xv, 199, 223

screams, 102, 206, 213

in prison, 245, 247

Sebastian, Saint, 259n

self-defilers, 97–99

self-revenge, 175

Seneca the Younger, 12–14

sensual appetites, 174–75

“Sentence Worse Than Death, A” (Blake), 244–52

serpents, 116, 127

Seth, 50–51

Sextus, 154

shame, 114, 115, 128

Sheol, xiii, 35

SHU (Special Housing Unit; solitary confinement), 244–52, 253

Sibyl, 22–28, 30

Sight of Hell, The (Furniss), 201–21, 222

Simeon, 48, 50

sins, multiple, 100–101

Sisyphus, 4, 17

slavery, 231

Sleep, 7, 10, 24

smell, see stench

Socrates, 4, 19–21

solitary confinement, 244–52, 253

Solomon, Wisdom of, 102, 116–17

sounds

of eternity, 220–21

in interrogation, 253–54

music, 253–54

in prison, 245, 247

sad voice, 218

see also screams

South, 231

Special Housing Unit (SHU; solitary confinement), 244–52, 253

spies, 89, 90

Spiritual Exercises (Ignatius Loyola), 179

Standring, G., 222

stench, 43, 70, 71, 87, 92, 102, 107, 114, 115, 116, 182–83, 192, 207, 208

in prison, 245, 248

Strophades, 155

Styx, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 147

Summa Theologica (Thomas Aquinas), 130–35, 264n

sun, 10, 170

Swinden, Tobias, 170

Sychaeus, 29

Taenarum, 13

Tantalus, 4, 17

Tartarus, 4, 7–11, 19–20, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 51

tears, 92, 206–7, 219

Telamon, 15

Teresa of Ávila, Saint, 204, 209, 212

Terrible Judgment, and the Bad Child, The (Furniss), 217

Thames, 153

Theogony (Hesiod), 7–11

Theseus, 12–14, 18, 26, 32, 256n, 262n

thieves, 93–95

Thomas, Saint, 181

Thomas Aquinas, xiv, 130–35, 264n

Tiresias, 15, 22

Tisiphone, 29–30

Titans, 4, 7–11, 15–18, 30

Tityos (Tityus), 4, 16, 31

toads, 127

Tollemache, Lionel A., 199

Toppo, 159

torture

in Hell, see punishment and torments

in prisons, 232, 253–54

traitors, 89, 90

Treatise concerning the Principal Mysteries of our Religion, 115–17

Treblinka, 233–39

Trojans, 16, 155

Trojan War, 15, 22, 256n

Tundale, see Vision of Tundale

Typhon, 8

Ulster Cycle, 258n

Vesuvius, 225

Virgil, 4–5, 22

The Aeneid, xiii–xiv, 5, 22–32, 139, 263n

in Dante’s Inferno, 23, 139, 150, 151, 158

Virgin Mary, 44, 78

Vishnu, 240

Vision of Tundale (Visio Tnugdali), 83–84, 179

angel sent to meet Tundale’s soul, 86–87

deepest depths of hell, 103–4

departure of Tundale’s soul, 85–86

descent into hell, 102

fornicators in, 96–97, 97–99

gluttons in, 96–97

greedy in, 90–92

monks and priests in, 97–99

multiple sinners in, 100–101

murderers in, 88–89

prince of shadows in, 104–7

proud souls in, 89–90

punishments in, 87, 88–101

self-defilers in, 97–99

spies and traitors in, 89, 90

thieves and robbers in, 93–95

Visions of Clairvaux, 121

voices

sad, 218

see also screams

Voyage of Saint Brendan, The, 60, 75–80

Vulcanus, 100

war, xv, 232, 240–41

see also World War II

Warsaw ghetto uprising, 236, 238

water, 186

wayfarers, 131, 134

William III of England, 171

wine, 129

Wisdom of Solomon, 102, 116–17

Wólka, 237, 238

World War II, xv, 232

atomic bombing of Japan in, 232, 240–43

see also extermination camps

worms, 36, 41, 44, 97, 114, 115, 116, 171, 177, 180

Furniss on, 212

Zeus, 7–10, 16–18

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