BIBLIOGRAPHY

Images

ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS

Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

The American Presidency Project, University of California, Santa Barbara

An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Civil War Diary of James Francis Beall, Western Maryland’s Historical Library

Clagett Collection, MSA SC 1718, Maryland State Archives

“From Segregation to Integration: The Donald Murray Case, 1935–1937,” MSA SC 2221, Maryland State Archives

Letters of Charles H. Russell, First Maryland Cavalry, Western Maryland’s Historical Library

Maryland Civil War Centennial Commission (General File), MSA S131, Maryland State Archives

Maryland Digital Cultural Heritage

“Minutes of Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association Board of Directors—Maryland Monuments, 1885,” Gettysburg National Military Park Archives

Mrs. Ruth A. Krebs Collection, MSA SC 100, Maryland State Archives

Robert E. Pattison Papers, Pennsylvania State Archives

Teaching American History in Maryland, Maryland State Archives

United Daughters of the Confederacy Collection, MSA SC 213, Maryland State Archives

United Daughters of the Confederacy Records, 1936–1984, MS. 2846, Maryland Historical Society

PERIODICALS

Alexandria Gazette

Anderson Intelligencer

Atlantic

Baltimore Afro-American

Baltimore American

Baltimore Post

Baltimore Sun

Boonsboro Odd Fellow

Civil War News

Cleveland Advocate

Columbus Enquirer

Confederate Veteran

Courier (Lincoln, Nebraska)

Daily Alta California

Daily Evening Bulletin

Evening Capital

Evening Gazette

Harper’s Weekly

Herald and Torch Light

Lancaster Intelligencer

Macon Telegraph

Marion Sentinel

Minneapolis Journal

National Tribune

New York Times

News American

Philadelphia Record

Sacramento Daily Union

Savannah Republican

Shenango Valley News

St. Paul Globe

Urbana Daily Courier

Village Record

Washington Afro-American

Washington Post

Winchester Times

PUBLISHED PRIMARY SOURCES

Alfriend, Frank H. The Life of Jefferson Davis. Cincinnati: Caxton Publishing House, 1868.

Antietam Battlefield Memorial Commission. Second Brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves at Antietam, Report of the Antietam Battlefield Memorial Commission of Pennsylvania and Ceremonies at the Dedication of the Monuments Erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Mark the Position of Four Regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserves Engaged in the Battle. Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Company, 1908.

Ceremonies at the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary, American Academy of Music, Philadelphia, April 15, 1890. Philadelphia, 1890.

Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol. 6. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Digital Library Production Services, 2001.

The Conspirator. Directed by Robert Redford. 2010. Santa Monica, Calif.: American Film Company, 2011, script.

Cunningham, David, and Wells W. Miller. Antietam. Report of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission. Springfield: Springfield Publishing Company, 1904.

Dabney, Robert Lewis. Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, (Stonewall Jackson). New York: Blelock and Co., 1866.

Davis, Jefferson. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, vol. 1. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881.

———. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, vol. 2. New York: D Appleton and Company, 1912.

Dennett, Tyler, ed. Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1939.

Dixon, Thomas. The Southerner: A Romance of the Real Lincoln. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1913.

———. The Victim: A Romance of the Real Jefferson Davis. Toronto: Copp Clark Co., 1914.

Everett, Lloyd T. For Maryland’s Honor: A Story of the War for Southern Independence. Boston: Christopher Publishing House, 1922.

Finch, George M. In the Beginning: Read before the Ohio Commandery of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Cincinnati: Peter G. Thomson, 1884.

Fitch, Clyde. Barbara Frietchie: The Frederick Girl. New York: Life Publishing Company, 1900.

Graham, Ziba B. On to Gettysburg: Ten Days from My Diary of 1863, a Paper Read before the Commandery of the State of Michigan, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Detroit: Winn and Hammond, 1893.

Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Maryland. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Encampment of the Department of Maryland, Grand Army of the Republic, Held at Baltimore, Maryland, February 21st and 22nd, 1901. Baltimore: Shane Printing Company, 1901.

Henderson, George Francis Robert. Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War, vol. 1. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1898.

———. Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War, vol. 2. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1919.

History of Antietam National Cemetery including A Descriptive List of all the Loyal Soldiers Buried Therein: Together with the Ceremonies and Address on the Occasion of the Dedication of the Grounds, September 17th, 1867. Baltimore: John W. Woods, Steam Printer, 1869.

Jones, John Beauchamp. A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1866.

Jones, Rev. J. William. Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume XIV. Richmond: Southern Historical Society, 1886.

Journal of the Eighth Annual Convention of the Woman’s Relief Corps: Auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic: Boston, Massachusetts, August 13 and 14, 1890. Boston: E. B. Stillings and Company, 1890.

Journal of the Fifteenth National Convention of the Woman’s Relief Corps: Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic: Buffalo, New York, August 26 and 27, 1897. Boston: E. B. Stillings and Company, 1897.

Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland, April Special Session 1861. Frederick: Beale H. Richardson, Printer, 1861.

Journal of the Thirty-Eighth National Convention of the Woman’s Relief Corps: Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic: Indianapolis, Indiana, September 21, 22, 23, 24, 1920. Washington D.C.: National Tribune Company, 1920.

Journal of the Twenty-Eighth National Convention of the Woman’s Relief Corps: Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic: Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 21, 22, and 23, 1910. Boston: Griffith-Stillings Press, 1910.

Journal of the Twenty-First National Convention of the Woman’s Relief Corps: Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic: San Francisco, California, August 20, 21, and 22, 1903. Boston: Griffith-Stillings Press, 1903.

Journal of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Session of the National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, Boston, Mass., August 13th and 14th, 1890. Detroit: The Richmond and Backus Co., 1890.

Laws of the State of Maryland, Made and Passed at a Session of the General Assembly Begun and Held at the City of Annapolis on the Second Day of January, 1881, and Ended on the Thirty-First Day of March, 1884, Vol. 424. Maryland State Archives. Annapolis: James Young, 1884.

Maryland Gettysburg Monument Commission. Report of the State of Maryland Gettysburg Monument Commission. Baltimore: William K. Boyle and Son, 1891.

“Maryland State Song—‘Maryland, My Maryland.’” Maryland State Archives. http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/html/symbols/song.html.

Mencken, H. L. “Maryland: Apex of Normalcy.” The Nation 114 (1922): 517–519.

Military Essays and Recollections: Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Volume II. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1894.

Minutes of the Fourteenth Annual Convention of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Held in Norfolk, Virginia, November 13–16, 1907. Opelika, Ala.: Post Publishing Company, 1908.

Minutes of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Held in Baltimore, Maryland, November 10–12, 1897. Nashville: Foster & Webb, Printers, 1898.

Minutes of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Held in Houston, Texas, October 19–22, 1909. Opelika, Ala.: Post Publishing Company, 1909.

Minutes of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Held in Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 14–17, 1917. Richmond: Richmond Press, Inc., 1918.

Minutes of the Twenty-Third Annual Convention of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Held in Dallas, Texas, November 8–11, 1916. Raleigh: Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, 1917.

The National Memorial Day: A Record of Ceremonies over the Graves of the Union Soldiers, May 29 and 30, 1869. Washington City: Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, 1870.

National Roster of the Woman’s Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, November, 1901. Bradford, Vt.: Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, 1901.

Pitman, Benn. The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators. New York: Moore, Wilstach and Baldwin, 1865.

Pollard, Edward Alfred. The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates. New York: E. B. Treat and Co., 1866.

Poore, Benjamin Perley. The Conspiracy Trial for the Murder of the President: And the Attempt to Overthrow the Government by the Assassination of Its Principal Officers, vol. 1. Boston: J. E. Tilton and Company, 1865.

———. The Conspiracy Trial for the Murder of the President: And the Attempt to Overthrow the Government by the Assassination of Its Principal Officers, vol. 2. Boston: J. E. Tilton and Company, 1865.

Proceedings and Debates of the 1864 Constitutional Convention, Maryland State Archives, vol. 102.

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Encampment of the Department of Maryland, Grand Army of the Republic, Held at Baltimore, Maryland, February 21 and 22, 1901. Baltimore: Shane Printing Company, 1901.

“Proclamation to the People of Maryland.” Encyclopedia Virginia. http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/_Proclamation_to_the_People_of_Maryland_by_Robert_E_Lee_1862.

Register of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Boston: Commandery of the State of Massachusetts, 1906.

Report of the National Organization Woman’s Relief Corps at Denver, Colorado, July 25 and 26, 1883, and Proceedings of the Second National Convention Woman’s Relief Corps, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 23, 24, and 25, 1884. Boston: Griffith-Stillings Press, 1903.

Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, Maryland Narratives, Volume VIII. Washington, D.C.: Works Progress Administration, 1941.

Southern Historical Society Papers. Richmond: Southern Historical Society. First fourteen volumes edited by J. William Jones, 1876–1886.

A Souvenir Book of the Jefferson Davis Memorial Association and the Unveiling of the Monument, Richmond, Virginia, June 3, 1907. Richmond: Whittet and Shepperson, 1907.

Steers, Edward, Jr., ed. The Trial: The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003.

Townsend, George Alfred. The Life, Crime, and Capture of John Wilkes Booth. New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, Publishers, 1865.

U.S. Census Bureau. “Fifteenth Census of the United States 1930: Baltimore Wards.”

———. “Population of the United States in 1860.” Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864.

U.S. War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Volume II. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880.

Vanderslice, John M. Gettysburg: A History of the Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Association with an Account of the Battle. Philadelphia: The Memorial Association, 1897.

War Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Wisconsin, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Milwaukee: Burdick and Allen, 1914.

Whittier, John Greenleaf. “Barbara Frietchie.” Poetry Foundation. http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174751.

SECONDARY SOURCES

“75th Anniversary of the Battle of Antietam.” Western Maryland’s Historical Library. http://www.whilbr.org/AntietamAnniversary/index.aspx.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.

“Antietam National Battlefield (U.S. National Park Service).” http://www.nps.gov/anti/.

“Antietam National Cemetery: Private Soldier Monument.” U.S. National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/antietam-national-cemetery-part-2.htm.

Astor, Aaron. Rebels on the Border: Civil War, Emancipation, and the Reconstruction of Kentucky and Missouri. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012.

“Augustus W. Bradford (1806–1881).” Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series). http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001463/html/1463bio2.html.

Ballard, Ted. Staff Ride Guide: The Battle of Antietam. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, 2006.

Beach, William Harrison. The First New York (Lincoln) Cavalry from April 19, 1861, to July 7, 1865. New York: Lincoln Cavalry Association, 1902.

Blair, William. Cities of the Dead: Contesting the Memory of the Civil War in the South, 1865–1914. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

———. With Malice toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

———, and William Pencak, eds. Making and Remaking Pennsylvania’s Civil War. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.

Blight, David W. American Oracle: The Civil War in the Civil Rights Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011.

———. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Blum, Edward J. Reforging the White Republic: Race, Religion, and American Nationalism, 1865–1898. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 2005.

Bogen, David S. “The Forgotten Era.” Maryland Bar Journal 19, no. 4 (1986): 10–13.

Bordman, Gerald Martin, and Thomas S. Hischak. The Oxford Companion to American Theatre. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Brown, Thomas J. The Public Art of Civil War Commemoration: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004.

Buck, Paul H. The Rod to Reunion, 1865–1900. Boston: Little, Brown, 1937.

Butler, Clayton. “Understanding Our Past: An Interview with Historian Gary Gallagher.” http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/civil-war-history-and-scholarship/gary-gallagher-interview.html.

Cannon, Jessica A. “Lincoln’s Divided Backyard: Maryland in the Civil War Era.” Ph.D. diss., Rice University, 2010.

Chapelle, Suzanne Ellery Greene, Jean H. Baker, Dean R. Esslinger, Whitman H. Ridgway, Jean B. Russo, Constance B. Schulz, and Gregory A. Stiverson. Maryland: A History of Its People. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Cimbala, Paul A., and Randall M. Miller, eds. An Uncommon Time: The Civil War and the Northern Home Front. New York: Fordham University Press, 2002.

———, eds. Union Soldiers and the Northern Home Front. New York: Fordham University Press, 2002.

Cirillo, Frank. “A Southern Strategy: The Atlanta Constitution and the Lincoln Centennial, February 1909.” University of Virginia.

“Civil Rights in Maryland.” Maryland State Archives. http://www.msa.md.gov/ecp/45/00028/html/civilrgt.html.

“Civil Rights Movement Veterans.” Tougaloo College. http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis55.htm.

“Civil War Sesquicentennial.” http://www.visitfrederick.org/civil-war-150th.

Clark, Kathleen Ann. Defining Moments: African American Commemoration and Political Culture in the South, 1863–1913. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Clinton, Craig. Mrs. Leslie Carter: A Biography of the Early Twentieth Century American Stage Star. Jefferson: McFarland and Co., 2006.

Cloyd, Benjamin G. Haunted by Atrocity: Civil War Prisons in American Memory. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010.

Collins, Donald E. The Death and Resurrection of Jefferson Davis. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.

Cook, Robert. Troubled Commemoration: The American Civil War Centennial, 1961–1965. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.

Coser, Rose Laub. “Review of The Feminization of American Culture.” American Journal of Sociology 86, no. 2 (September 1980): 394–396.

Coski, John M. The Confederate Battle Flag: America’s Most Embattled Emblem. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Cox, Karen L. Dixie’s Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003.

“Current Exhibitions.” Maryland Historical Society. http://www.mdhs.org/museum/exhibitions/current.

Dailey, Jane, Glenda Gilmore, and Bryant Simon, eds. Jumpin’ Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Desjardin, Thomas A. These Honored Dead: How the Story of Gettysburg Shaped American Memory. Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2003.

Douglas, Ann. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977.

Emerson, Bettie Alder Calhoun. Historic Southern Monuments: Representative Memorials of the Heroic Dead of the Southern Confederacy. New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1911.

“Ex Parte Merryman.” Maryland State Archives, 2004. http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000107/html/t107.html.

Fields, Barbara. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland During the Nineteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

“Fighting for Freedom: United States Colored Troops from Maryland.” Maryland State Archives, http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000118/html/1118.html.

Foner, Eric. A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1990.

Foster, Gaines M. Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865–1913. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

“Founder John Henry Murphy Sr.” http://www.pbs.org/blackpress/news_bios/afroamerican.html.

Freeman, Douglas Southall. The South to Posterity: An Introduction to the Writing of Confederate History. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.

Gallagher, Gary, ed. The Antietam Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

———. Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten: How Hollywood and Popular Art Shaped What We Know About the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

———, and Alan T. Nolan, eds. The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000.

Gannon, Barbara A. The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

“George Armwood (b. 1911–d. 1933).” Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series). Maryland State Archives.

Giddins, Gary. Visions of Jazz: The First Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Glathaar, Joseph. General Lee’s Army: From Victory to Collapse. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.

Graham, David K. “To Guard in Peace: The Commemoration History of the Battle of Antietam, 1862–1937.” M.A. thesis, Bowling Green State University, 2011.

Hale, Grace. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890–1940. New York: Pantheon, 1998.

“History of Battle Abbey.” Virginia Historical Society. http://www.vahistorical.org/your-visit/history-battle-abbey.

Hughes, Glenn, and George Savage, eds. America’s Lost Plays: The Heart of Maryland and Other Plays by David Belasco. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940.

Ifill, Sherrilyn A. On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the Twenty-First Century. Boston: Beacon Press, 2007.

Irons, Peter. The Courage of Their Convictions. New York: The Free Press, 1988.

Janney, Caroline E. Burying the Dead but Not the Past: Ladies’ Memorial Associations and the Lost Cause. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

———. “The Lost Cause.” Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2011.

———. Remembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

———. “War over the Shrine of Peace: The Appomattox Peace Monument and Retreat from Reconciliation.” Journal of Southern History 77, no. 1 (February 2011): 91–120.

———. “Written in Stone: Gender, Race, and the Heyward Shepherd Memorial.” Civil War History 52, no. 2 (2006): 117–141.

Kammen, Michael. Mystic Chords of Memory: The Transformation of Tradition in American Culture. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.

Kauffman, Michael W. American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies. New York: Random House, 2007.

Kelbaugh, Ross J. Maryland’s Civil War Photographs: The Sesquicentennial Collection. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2012.

Ladd, David, and Audrey J. Ladd, eds. The Bachelder Papers: Gettysburg in Their Own Words, Volume III, April 12, 1886 to December 22, 1894. Dayton: Morningside House, 1995.

Leonard, Elizabeth. “Elizabeth D. Leonard: A Historian’s Review of The Conspirator.” UNC Press Civil War 150. May 11, 2011. http://uncpresscivilwar150.com/2011/05/elizabeth-d-leonard-a-historians-review-of-the-conspirator/.

———. Lincoln’s Avengers: Justice, Revenge, and Reunion After the Civil War. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.

Loewen, James W., and Edward H. Sebesta, eds. The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The “Great Truth” about the “Lost Cause.” Oxford: University of Mississippi Press, 2010.

Marshall, Anne E. “The 1906 Uncle Tom’s Cabin Law and the Politics of Race and Memory in Early-Twentieth-Century Kentucky.” The Journal of the Civil War Era 1, no. 3 (2011): 368–393.

———. Creating a Confederate Kentucky: The Lost Cause and Civil War Memory in a Border State. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

“Maryland in the Civil War.” Enoch Pratt Free Library. http://www.prattlibrary.org/uploadedFiles/www/locations/central/maryland/md_cw_complete.pdf.

McConnell, Stuart. Glorious Contentment: The Grand Army of the Republic, 18651900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

McGinty, Brian. The Body of John Merryman: Abraham Lincoln and the Suspension of Habeas Corpus. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Meek, A. J., and Herman Hattaway. Gettysburg to Vicksburg: The Five Original Civil War Battlefield Parks. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001.

Mitchell, Charles W., ed. Maryland Voices of the Civil War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

“Monocacy: The Battle that Saved Washington, D.C.” Maryland State Archives. http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000141/html/1141.html.

“Murphy, John Henry, Sr. (1840–1922).” http://www.blackpast.org/aah/murphy-john-henry-sr-1840–1922.

Myers, Amanda M. “Glory Stands Beside Our Grief: The Maryland United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Assertion of Their Identity.” M.A. thesis, University of Mississippi, 2010.

Neff, John R. Honoring the Civil War Dead: Commemoration and the Problem of Reconciliation. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.

O’Connell, David. Furl that Banner: The Life of Abram J. Ryan, Poet-Priest of the South. Macon: Mercer University Press, 2006.

“The Old Folks at Home.” The Center for American Music at the University of Pittsburgh. http://www.pitt.edu/~amerimus/index.html.

Phillips, Christopher. The River Ran Backward: The Civil War and the Remaking of the American Middle Border. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Potter, David M. “The Historians’ Use of Nationalism and Vice Versa.” The American Historical Review 67, no. 4 (1962): 924–950.

Ramage, James. Kentucky Rising: Democracy, Slavery, and Culture from the Early Republic to the Civil War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011.

Reardon, Carol. Pickett’s Charge in History and Memory. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

“The Road from Frederick to Thurgood: Black Baltimore in Transition, 1870–1920.” Maryland State Archives.

Ruffner, Kevin Conley. Maryland’s Blue and Gray: A Border State’s Union and Confederate Junior Officer Corps. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.

“Sesquicentennial of the Civil War.” http://www.hagerstownmd.org/index.aspx?NID=426.

Silber, Nina. Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.

———. The Romance of Reunion: Northerners and the South, 1865–1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

Smith, Timothy B. A Chickamauga Memorial: The Establishment of America’s First Civil War National Military Park. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009.

———. The Golden Age of Battlefield Preservation: The Decade of the 1890s and the Establishment of America’s First Five Military Parks. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2008.

Snell, Charles W., and Sharon A. Brown. Antietam National Battlefield and National Cemetery: An Administrative History. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1986.

Sutherland, Daniel E. Savage Conflict: The Decisive Role of Guerillas in the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

“Taking the Northern Scum out of a State Song.” NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102218518.

Trail, Susan W. “Remembering Antietam: Commemoration and Preservation of a Civil War Battlefield.” Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland, 2005.

“United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument.” National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/mono/historyculture/confederate-monument.htm.

Will, Thomas E. “Bradley T. Johnson’s Lost Cause: Maryland’s Confederate Identity in the New South.” Maryland Historical Magazine 94, no. 1 (Spring 1999).

Wilson, Charles Reagan. Baptized in Blood: Religion of the Lost Cause, 1865–1920. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980.

Zeller, Bob. The Blue and Gray in Black and White: A History of Civil War Photography. Westport: Praeger, 2005.