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The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that shares a lot in common with other low-carbohydrate diets such as the Atkins diet. In essence it considerably reduces a person’s carbohydrate intake while replacing those carbs with more fat. This 'swap' of carbs for fat put the body in to a metabolic state called ketosis.
When ketosis happens, the body becomes much better at burning fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. Also, during ketosis, the body becomes better at turning fats into ketones which supplies energy to the brain.
There are a wide and varied range of health benefits above and beyond weight loss with the ketogenic diet, including reductions in blood sugar levels, slowing tumor growth in several types of cancer and even reducing symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.