To our families who have provided so much support during the writing of this book: Laure, Peter, Kin Lung, Tek Yin, Wai Kwan, Stefano, and Sofia.

With special appreciation to the College of Optical Sciences of the University of Arizona, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the Center for Optics Research and Education at Utsunomiya University, Oculus Research, and Nalux Co., Limited.

This book would not be possible without the assistance of so many colleagues including the following: Lloyd Hillman, Steve McClain, Jim McGuire, James B. Breckinridge, Stacey Sueoka, Christine Bradley, Brian Daugherty, Scott Tyo, Anna-Britt Mahler, Scott McEldowney, Michihisa Onishi, Hannah Nobel, Paula Smith, Matthew Smith, Kyle Hawkins, Meredith Kupinski, Lisa Li, Dennis Goldstein, Shih-Yau Lu, Karen Twietmeyer, David Chenault, John Gonglewski, Yukitoshi Otani, Ashley Gasque, Larry Pezzaniti, Robert Galter, Nasrat Raouf, Glenn Boreman, David Diner, Greg Smith, Rolland Shack, Dan Reiley, Angus Macleod, Cindy Gardner, Stanley Pau, David Voeltz, Ab Davis, Joseph Shaw, Kira Hart, James C. Wyant, Amy Phillips, Tom Brown, John Stacey, Suchandra Banerjee, Brian DeBoo, David Salyer, Toyohiko Yatagai, Julie Gillis, Alba Peinado, Jeff Davis, Juliana Richter, Jack Jewell, Alex Erstad, Chanda Bartlett-Walker, Jaden Bankhead, Kazuhiko Oka, Wei-Liang Hsu, Adriana Stohn, Eustace Dereniak, Chikako Sugaya, Justin Wolfe, John Greivenkamp, Momoka Sugimura, Erica Mohr, Alex Schluntz, Charles LaCasse, Jason Auxier, Karlton Crabtree, Israel Vaughn, Pierre Gerligand, Jose Sasian, Ami Gupta, Ann Elsner, Juan Manuel Lopez, Kurt Denninghoff, Toru Yoshizawa, Kyle Ferrio, Tom Bruegge, Bryan Stone, James Harvey, Brian Cairns, Charles Davis, Adel Joobeur, Robert Shannon, Robert Dezmelyk, Matt Dubin, Quinn Jarecki, Masafumi Seigo, Tom Milster, James Hadaway, Dejian Fu, Steven Burns, James Trollinger Jr., Beth Sorinson, Mike Hayford, Jennifer Parsons, Johnathan Drewes, Bob Breault, Rodney Fuller, Peter Maymon, Alan Huang, Jacob Krause, Kasia Sieluzycka, Jurgen Jahns, Phillip Anthony, Aristide Dogariu, Michaela May, Jon Herlocker, Robert Pricone, Charlie Hornback, Krista Drummond, Barry Cense, Lena Wolfe, Neil Beaudry, Virginia Land, Noah Gilbert, Helen Fan, Eugene Waluschka, Phil McCulloch, Thomas Germer, Thiago Jota, Morgan Harlan, Tracy Gin, Cedar Andre, Dan Smith, Victoria Chan, Lirong Wang, Christian Brosseau, Andre Alanin, Graham Myhre, Mona Haggard, Eugene W. Cross, Ed West, Shinya Okubo, Matt Novak, Andrew Stauer, Conrad Wells, Michael Prise, Caterina Ubacch, David Elmore, Oersted Stavroudis, Weilin Liu, Tyson Ririe, Tom Burleson, Long Yang, Sukumar Murali, Julia Craven, Goldie Goldstein, Adoum Mahamat, Ravi Kinnera, Livia Zarnescu, Robert Rodgers, Randy Gove, Gordon Knight, Randall Hodgeson, Dan Brown, Nick Craft, Stephen Kupiac, Graeme Duthie, John Caulfield Jr., Joseph Shamir, Ken Cardell, and Bill Galloway.