Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Aaliyah, 60, 106
ABBA, 29, 90, 126, 186
hits of, 37–38
influence of, 37–38, 75
meticulous craft of, 37, 38
Abbey Road studios, 6
ABC TV, 103
Abdul, Paula, 126, 130, 131
AC/DC, 59, 307
Ace of Base, 35–39, 41–46, 63, 64, 81, 98, 138, 209, 303
Advertigo, 289, 290
Aguilera, Christina, 51, 85, 232, 255
Åhlund, Klas, 38
Aiken, Clay, 145
“Ain’t No Nigga,” 181
“Ain’t No Stopping Us Now,” 171
Airships International, 47–48
Air Supply, 42
AJ, see McLean, AJ
AJ and Howie, D, 52
Aldon Music, 68, 69, 70
“Alexander’s Ragtime Band,” 112
Alford, Mary, 49
All I Ever Wanted, 145
“All I Need,” 254
“All Out of Love,” 42
“All That I Need,” 173
“All That Matters (The Beautiful Life),” 276
“All That She Wants,” 39–40, 41–42, 44, 45
All the Rave (Menn), 118
Alpha Entertainment, 165
“Already Gone,” 145, 202
Alsou, 173
Alternative Nation, 96
Alwood, Lester, 112
Amatiello, John, 64
“American Girl,” 266
video of, 64, 263
American Greed (TV show), 100
American Idol (TV show), 42, 105, 124–32, 179, 182
auditions for, 127–28, 130
Big Band Week on, 131
careers launched by, 145–46
Hollywood Week on, 128–29, 130–31
humiliation of contestants on, 128, 130
judges on, 124, 126, 127–28, 130–31, 204
ratings of, 128, 131
’60s week on, 131
winners on, 130–32, 137, 138, 141
American Idol: The Untold Story (Rushfield), 128
American Music Awards, 228
American Top 40, 79
America’s Got Talent (TV show), 146
Ames, Roger, 115, 133
Ammo, 275, 276
Anaheim, Calif., 154–55, 158–59, 162–65
Andersson, Anni-Frid, 38
Andersson, Benny, 37, 38
Andrea True Connection, 40
Andrews Sisters, 112
Anka, Paul, 172
“Another Mother,” 35
Anthony, Michelle, 118
Anthony, Polly, 86
AOL, 133
AOL Time Warner, 115
Apartheid, 58
Appetite for Self-Destruction (Knopper), 101
Apple, 133–34, 286, 294, 298–99
Apple, Fiona, 254
Apple Music, 298
Arbitron, 79
Areola, 83–84
Areola Munich, 101
Arista Records, 41, 45, 59–60, 126, 137
Arkansas, University of, Music Cognition Lab at, 303–4
Army, US, 150
arpeggiator software, 227, 231
ARP Odyssey synthesizers, 30
arrangers, 6, 10
Arsenio Hall Show (TV show), 50
artists, 29
A-list, 6
black, 46, 68, 90
discovering and developing of, 42
earnings of, 13, 15–16, 25
female, 42, 59
“manufactures,” 121
power of writers and producers vs., 67–68
R&B, 60
rap, 33, 34, 60
rock, 138
small but loyal followings of, 15
as vocal personalities vs. singers, 7
artists and repertoire (A&R), 39, 42, 55, 58, 63–64, 81, 86–89, 105, 119
see also specific record companies
ASCAP, 105, 227
ASCAP Expo, 211
A Side Productions, 123
“As Long as You Love Me,” 82
Asphalt, 248
Astley, Rick, 73
Atlanta, Ga., 46, 180, 187, 188, 196–98
Atlantic Records, 14, 53, 116
A&R department of, 270
“At Last,” 130
Australia, 72–73, 124, 258
Autobahn, 30
“Autobahn,” 30
Auto-Tune, 223, 237, 273
Avicii, 287, 297
Azalea, Iggy, xiii, 6
Azra, 55
Babyface, 46
“. . . Baby One More Time,” 91, 94–97, 190, 258
video of, 95–97
Bacharach, Burt, 129, 131
“Back Door Man,” 96
“Back Stabbers,” 72
Backstreet Boys, 54–57, 61–64, 74–77, 82–84, 89, 95–97, 103, 153, 246, 270
debut of, 54–55
earnings of, 54
hits of, 82, 138
merchandising of, 62
Pearlman sued by, 100–101
performing and touring of, 54–56, 62, 76–77, 82–83, 99, 101, 107, 152
personality types in, 52, 81
recordings of, 56, 57, 74–75, 82, 98, 101, 104, 106, 117
Backstreet Mom (McLean), 62–63
Bad, 7, 253
Badfinger, 131
ballads, 5, 9, 53, 65, 75, 76, 94, 98, 127, 132, 177, 268, 269
Ballard, Glen, 253–54, 255
Bambaataa, Afrika, 31–32
Bananarama, 73
Banbarra, 44
bands:
cover, 58
funk, 44, 196
glam-metal, 65–66
hard-rock, 44
house, 134
live, 30
military, 75
rhythm sections of, 72
rock, 38, 59, 60
synth-pop, 31, 41
Bands, Brands, and Billions (Pearlman), 48
Bangles, 66
Barbados, 171–72, 174, 176–79, 227
barber-shop quartets, 52
Bareilles, Sara, 305
Baron, David, 243, 247
Barry, Jeff, 70
Basil, Toni, 247
Bass, Lance, 83, 101
bass lines, 3, 5, 23, 29, 31, 39, 58, 72, 196
reggae, 45
synthetic, 45
Bayje, 204
Bay-Schuck, Aaron, 270–73
BBC, 37, 79, 167, 257
Beach Boys, 166
Beal, David, 246
Beall, Eric, 87–88, 106–7
Beastie Boys, 179
beat boxes, 31
BeaTek, 34–35
“Beat It,” 29
Beatles, 5, 8, 67, 149, 166, 247, 285, 290
beats, 7, 29, 36, 70, 200
back-, 35, 91, 140
“cool,” 33
dance, 44, 201
electronic, 31, 33
mixing of, 44
off, 44
shuffle, 270
sick, 65, 304
vibrations of, 10
Beat Street (film), 172, 209
“Beautiful Life,” 46
bebop, 53
“Because of You,” 129, 137–38, 142
Beckman, Preston, 128
Becky G, 280–82
Bee Gees, 174
Beetlejuice Graveyard Revue, 51
“Behind These Hazel Eyes,” 138, 140–41, 142
“Be My Baby,” 71
Benjamin, Benny, 72
Berggren, Jenny, 35, 41
Berggren, Jonas, 35, 38–39, 41, 43
Berggren, Malin, 35, 41, 46
Berklee College of Music, 129
Berlin, Irving, 111–12
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG), 14, 43, 60–62, 83–84, 101, 104, 107–8, 115–16, 126, 133, 140
Better Days, 60
“Better Off Without You,” 289
Beyoncé, 175, 189, 221, 230
Jay-Z and, 212–13
recordings of, 201–2, 212–13
Bhasker, Jeff, 10
Bieber, Justin, 189
BIGBANG, 156, 160
Billboard, 53, 60, 61, 76, 136, 139, 188, 202, 246, 269, 271, 277
Hot 100 hits on, 3, 7, 45, 46, 160, 240
number one hits on, 29, 97, 186, 207
Swedish hits on, 38
“Billie Jean,” 24
“Birthday,” 307
Bisceglia, Rick, 143
BitTorrent, 286
Blacc, Aloe, 297
Black Album, The, 181–82
Blackman, Jose, 174–75
black music, 28, 58
Blackout, 190
Black Sabbath, 235
Blacksmith, Tim, 208–11, 213, 232
Blackwell, Chris, 116–17, 180
Blaine, Hal, 70
Blanco, Benny, 10, 238, 261–62, 267, 274–76
“Blank Space,” 97, 276
Blavatnik, Len, 293
Blockbusters (Elberse), 16
Bloodshy & Avant, 123
Blue Notes, 72
blues, 15, 28, 53, 61
Blue Swede, 28–29
BMG Building, 42
BMG Entertainment, 61
BMG-Zomba, 14
Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans, 70
“Bob Dylan’s Blues,” 149
Body and Soul, 190–91
Bolt, Usain, 287
Bolton, Michael, 121
Bonita, 111
Bon Jovi, Jon, 21, 105
Booker T., 244
Boston, Mass., 48, 49, 129
Bowie, David, 290
boy bands, 72, 81–84, 102, 121, 138
British, 105, 124
dancing by, 173
Korean, 152–54
“manufactured,” 15, 48–52, 54–57, 127
Boyz II Men, 41, 46, 54, 63
Boyzone, 173
Brand, Russell, 263, 268
Brandy, 55
Branson, Richard, 14, 61
Brater, Brian, 242, 244
“Brave,” 304–5
Braxton, Toni, 87, 180
Brazilian baion, 69
Breakaway, 142
“Breakaway,” 138
“Brick House,” 171
Bridge, The, 46
bridges, 7, 45, 76, 91, 113, 139, 140, 189, 201, 202, 219, 226, 281
Brill Building, 5–6, 8, 10, 40, 68–70, 112, 149, 173, 200, 296
Britney: Inside the Dream (Dennis), 85, 95
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), 269
“Broken,” 255
Broken Sword, 26
Bronfman, Edgar, Jr., 293
Brotherhood, 73
Brown, Bobby, 46, 48, 54, 141, 150
Brown, Chris, 11, 160
recordings of, 223, 230
Rihanna and, 222–25
Brown, Foxy, 180, 181
Brown, James, 196
Brown, Jay, 178–79, 182, 183, 191, 202, 213, 226, 229
Browne, Cleveland, 185
Browne, Kleanna, 174–75
Brown University, 242
Bryant, Kobe, 184
Bundy, Laura Bell, 85
Bunker Hill High School, 56
Bunton, Emma, 173
Burke, Kareem, 181
Burkle, Ron, 293
Burton, Ray, 111
“Bus Stop,” 4–5
“Bye Bye Bye,” 104, 119
Byrne, Rhonda, 206
Calder, Clive, 14, 56–64, 74, 80, 82, 104, 106–8, 116, 119
record label founded by, 58–61, 87–89
wealth of, 58, 138
Calder’s Collection, 58
California, 36, 78, 122, 129, 156, 162, 249–50
“California Gurls,” 166, 238, 250
California State University, 150
Cameo, 22, 90, 98
Canada, 258, 286
Quebec province of, 76–77
Candy Girl, 48
Capitol Records, 172, 256–57, 268
Caplan, Michael, 86
Carey, Mariah, 7, 45, 87–88, 180–81, 185
“Caribbean Queen (No More Love on the Run),” 59
Carlsson, Andreas, 29, 82, 94, 99, 122–24, 305
songwriting of, 26, 64–65, 104–6, 146, 254, 257
Carmichael, Hoagy, 112
Carr, Douglas, 36–37, 44–45, 67, 303
Cars, 59, 136, 139, 257
Carson, Nancy, 84
Carson-Adler talent agency, 84
Carter, Bill, 125
Carter, Nick, 52, 82, 107
cartoons, 9, 26
Cash, Roseanne, 296–97
Cassady, Neal, 268
CBS Records, 12
“Chances Are,” 221
Chavez, JC, 83
“Cheiron Adventures, The,” 43
Cheiron Records, 66
Cheiron Saga, The (disco opera), 92
Cheiron Saga, The (Eliasson), 26–27, 66
Cheiron Studios, 17, 26, 46, 64–66, 75–76, 82–84, 90–94, 98–99, 104–6, 122–24, 134–35, 149, 178, 305
founding of, 43–44
precedents set by, 200–201
sonic signature of, 44
Chemical Brothers, 5, 244
Chernin, Peter, 125
Cherokee Indians, 197
Chic, 22
Chicago, Ill., 22, 28, 77, 187
Child, Desmond, 254, 257
China, 153–54, 161, 167
Chinese language, 153–54, 156, 164
Chippendales, 103
choirs, 104
chords, 98, 189
complexity of, 9
jazz, 22, 34
major, 30, 39, 249
minor, 39, 249
pop, 75
progression of, 200, 201, 217
repetition of, 9
“vamping” with, 202
choruses, 7, 29, 75, 81, 113, 136, 143, 202, 265
Chrissy, 248
Christian music, 106, 250–52, 307
Christy, Lauren, 255
Chun Doo-hwan, 150
Ciara, 206, 207
Cirkut, 237–38, 240, 260, 266–67, 276, 281–82
clapping, 44, 53
Clapton, Eric, 190
Clarkson, Kelly, 7, 9, 16, 129–32, 175, 176, 232, 236, 246–48
American Idol win of, 130–32, 137, 138, 141
childhood and adolescence of, 129, 137–38
Clive Davis and, 137–45, 173–74, 280
recordings of, 136–43, 144–45, 173–74, 201–2, 258
singing style of, 131, 140
songwriting of, 129, 137–38, 142, 145
worldwide success of, 142–43, 144–46
Clarkson, Lana, 71
Clash, 290, 307
Clear Channel, 78, 80, 143, 192, 194
Climbing the Charts (Rossman), 192–93
Clive Calder Productions (CCP), 58–59
Clovers, 53
CNBC TV, 100
C-Note, 102
Coasters, 68
Cobain, Kurt, 5
Cobb, Bradford, 237
Cobb, Ed, 186
Cob-Baehler, Angelica, 256
Cohen, Lyor, 180
Cohn, Irving, 112
“Cold Case,” 227
Collen, Phil, 106
Columbia Records, 50, 194, 208, 236, 255–57
Combermere School, 174, 176
“Comfortably Numb,” 3, 7, 307
Commodores, 171
compact discs (CDs), 24–25, 49, 82, 83, 101, 113, 116–19, 144
homemade compilations on, 25, 238, 245
sales of, 106, 114, 117, 295
computers, 25, 144
Apple, 21, 30, 219
Commodore 64, 209
cut-and-paste on, 7, 32, 238
digital-compression techniques on, 6, 32, 41, 97, 140
file-sharing of, 114–15, 117–19, 286
games on, 26, 43, 92, 122
instrumentation on, 6–7, 9–10, 30–33, 41, 139
laptop, 9–10, 117
“MIDI” interface between keyboard and, 32
mixing on, 6, 23, 219
musical software for, 6–7, 30, 114
personal, 293
viruses in, 290
Congress, US, 77, 119
contemporary hits radio (CHR), 3–6, 8, 9, 15, 80, 192, 303, 307
Contrast, 174–75
Conway Recording Studios, 271
Corcoran State Prison, 71
Core Natural, 236
Cormack, Rennie, 112
Corson, Tom, 287
costumes, 30, 304–5
country, 9, 78, 219
Cowell, Simon, 105, 131, 146
A&R background of, 124, 130–31
American Idol co-created by, 124, 126–28
“nasty” persona of, 124, 127–28, 130, 131
Cox, Samantha, 269
Creed, 60
Crichlow, Herbie, 64, 67, 75
Cromwell, Oliver, 176
Cronin, Richard, 54
Crosby, Bing, 112
Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, 8
Crossroads Centre, 190
Crow, Sheryl, 88
Cruz, Taio, 263, 264
“Cry Me a River,” 289
Crystals, 70, 71
Cubana Lust, 271–72
Culotta, Felicia, 88, 94
Cultural Technology (CT), 151–53
culture:
African, 28
American, 209
European, 28
highbrow pop-, 31
Korean, 162–63
popular, 51, 121, 160
Cyrano de Bergerac (Rostand), 204
Cyrus, Miley, 236, 248, 265–66
“Da Doo Ron Ron,” 69–70, 81
Daft Punk, 31
Dallas, Tex., 129, 130
Daly, Carson, 97
dance, 11, 28, 31, 40, 44, 70, 84, 89, 104, 201
“Dangerously in Love,” 175
Danny D, 210, 213, 232
“Dark Horse,” 306–7
Dash, Damon, 181
Daughtry, 145, 248
David, Hal, 131
Davis, Clive, 14, 41–43, 44, 51, 59–60, 88, 126, 127, 146, 179, 195, 236
Annual Pre-Grammy party of, 221–23
hit making of, 12, 42, 141–43
Kelly Clarkson and, 137–45, 173–74, 280
memoir of, 137, 141–42
as music attorney, 12, 13
payola charge against, 194
record label of, 182
Davis, Miles, 243
Davis, Tina, 223
Dayne, Taylor, 137, 141
Dead Or Alive, 73, 270
Dean, Ester, 197–200
singing of, 197–99, 219–20, 230–32
songwriting of, 10, 199–200, 204–7, 217–20, 226–32, 267
Dear Jayne, 204
Death Row Records, 203
Decoded (Jay-Z), 181
Dee, Kiki, 253
Def Jam, 178–86, 225, 254
A&R department at, 178, 182, 212, 223
birth of, 179
hip-hop promotion by, 179, 180
Jay-Z as president of, 178, 181–82, 208, 212–13
Def Leppard, 22, 91, 106, 267
Delaine, Aubry “Big Juice,” 217, 219–20, 230–32
Delfonics, 244
Dennis, Cathy, 257
Dennis, Steve, 85, 86
Depeche Mode, 22, 66
Depression, Great, 4
Desperate Networks (Carter), 125
Destiny’s Child, 174
Detroit, Mich., 28, 71
Diamond, Neil, 127, 286
Dick, Nigel, 95
“Didn’t We,” 112–13
DioGuardi, Kara, 138, 204
Dion, Celine, 7, 105, 127, 132
disc jockeys (DJs), 3, 10–11, 21–24, 29, 34, 43, 78, 95, 96, 135, 150, 192
cutting and mixing by, 23–24, 31, 134
disco, 8, 9, 22, 24, 31, 40, 60, 91, 223
disco clubs, 22–23, 29, 134
Disney Channel, 51, 83–85
Dixon, Willie, 96
“DJ Got Us Fallin’ In Love,” 76
DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, 60
DMX, 180
Dodd, Martin, 39, 63–64, 74
“Don’t Turn Around,” 43
“Don’t You Want Me,” 24
Dornemann, Michael, 61
Dorough, Howie, 52
Downloaded (film), 118
Drake, 203, 240
Dr. Alban “The Rooster,” 34–35, 43
Dr. Dre, 10, 118, 121, 203
“Dreamlover,” 45
“Dress Up Your Dollars in Khaki,” 112
Dreyfus, Max, 68
Drifters, 53, 69
Drinking in Bars with Strangers, 247–48
Dr. Luke, 8, 10, 68, 134–36, 241–48, 255–56, 260, 263, 303
guitar playing of, 139–40, 241–44, 246
Kesha’s lawsuit against, 278–79
partnership of Max Martin and, 135–36, 138–42, 145, 237, 240, 246–48, 257–58, 261–62, 265–68, 275–76, 282, 305
as songwriter-producer, 235–40, 243–48, 257–58, 265–82, 305, 306
“Drop It Low,” 207, 230
drugs, 107, 176–77, 181, 242–43, 245, 264
drums, 5, 23, 41, 72, 134, 140
electronic, 30, 31, 35, 44
kick, 39, 44, 98, 203
snare, 44, 45, 69, 98, 189, 203
Dubin, Al, 112
dubstep, 265
Duckett, Bobby, 55–56
Duff, Hilary, 138
Dunkleman, Brian, 126, 128
Dupri, Jermaine, 271
Duran, Elvis, 79
Duthel, C., 262
Dylan, Bob, 40, 149
“Dynamite,” 263
Eagles, 118, 119
Earth, Wind & Fire, 171
Earthquake Visions, 66
East, 135–36
Echo Nest, 288
Economist, 158
Edmonds, Babyface, 180
Edmunds, Jim, 275
E Dub, 271
8 Mile, 121
Ek, Daniel, 117, 285–93
adolescence of, 290
five-year missions of, 289
wealth of, 289
see also Spotify
Ekberg, Ulf, 35, 38–42, 46
Elberse, Anita, 16
electronic dance music (EDM), 5
Eliasson, Fredrik, 26–27
Elliott, Missy, 196, 203, 230
Elofsson, Jörgen, 64–65, 94, 105, 124, 131–32, 145, 305
EMI Group, 14, 115–16, 133, 256, 291–93
Eminem, 117, 121–22
EMI South Africa, 58
Emmy, 28, 92
“Emotion,” 174
English language, 28, 38, 40, 91, 126, 140, 153, 156, 159, 161, 165
Eno, Brian, 288
En Vogue, 55
Epic Records, 86, 236, 275
Epstein, Brian, 103
Eriksen, Mikkel, 209–19, 230–32
Eriksson, Bo Martin Erik, see E-Type
Ertegün, Ahmet, 116
“Eternal Flame,” 66
E-Type, 26–27, 64–65, 66, 90
Europe (band), 29
Europop, 6, 45, 59, 186, 210
Eurovision Song Contest, 37, 126
Eurythmics, 290
“Evergreen,” 105
“Everybody (Backstreet’s Back),” 82
“Excuse My Rude,” 281
EXO, 153–54, 164, 166
“Express Yourself,” 130
Facebook, 288, 292
Faces of Love, 172
Facing the Music and Living to Talk About It (Carter), 107
Fader, 160
“Fancy,” xiii
Fanning, Shawn, 114–15, 118, 293
“Fantastic Baby,” 156
Far East Movement, 166
“Fascinating Rhythm,” 112
Fasiva organs, 30
Fatboy Slim, 5, 244
Fatone, Joey, 83
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 104
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 78
Federline, Kevin, 191
“Feels Like Tonight,” 248
Felcher, Scott, 178
Fenster, Jeff, 87
Fenty, Monica, 176–77
Fenty, Robyn Rihanna, see Rihanna
Fenty, Ronald, 176
Ferrera, Steve, 182
50 Cent, 117, 122
“Final Countdown, The,” 29, 75
Fingers, 67
“Firework,” 227, 267–68
Fisher, Marc, 78
Five, 105, 124
Flack, Roberta, 61
Flame, 307
Flock of Seagulls, A, 59, 60
Flom, Jason, 14, 15, 256–57, 259
Flo Rida, 3–4, 73, 270–72
Flowers, 46
Flyer, 47
fMRI, 303
Folcker, Jessica, 93–94
folk music, 5, 150
Fong-Torres, Ben, 78–79
“Fool Again,” 105
Ford, Doug, 143
“4ever,” 247
“Forever,” 11, 223
“Formula, The” (Gladwell), 144
Forrester Research, 298
“For the Love of You,” 177, 182
Foster, David, 132
4MW East Studios, 88
Four Tops, 53
Fourtou, Jean-René, 116
Fox, Samantha, 59
Fox Broadcasting Company, 125–26, 127–28
Franklin, Aretha, 129, 131
“Frankly, Mr. Shankly,” 308
French language, 76, 153
“From the Bottom of My Broken Heart,” 87
“Fuckin’ Perfect,” 276
Fuller, Simon, 84, 124
Funicello, Annette, 172
funk, 22, 29, 34, 44, 66, 90, 196
Funk Brothers, 72
f(x), 154, 166
Gamble, Kenny, 72
“Gangnam Style,” 160, 167
Gap Band, 196–98, 229
Garfunkel, Art, 47, 50
Gaye, Marvin, 71, 222
“Gee,” 165
Geffen, David, 14, 61
Geffen Records, 14
Genaro, Will S., 111
“Genius of Love,” 248
Germany, 24, 63, 75, 76, 258
Gershwin, George, 68, 112
Gershwin, Ira, 68, 112
“Get Ready,” 55
Gibson, Debbie, 89
“Gimme More,” 190, 191
“GIMME SOME MO’ (Bass on Me),” 25
Girl Called Jane, 204
“Girlfriend,” 247
Girlicious, 206
Girl Like Me, A, 186
Girl’s Generation, 153–55, 159–67
Gladwell, Malcolm, 144
“Go Away Little Girl,” 172–73
“(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You,” 173
Goffin, Gerry, 5, 68, 69, 73, 129, 172–73
Gold Star Studios, 70
Good Girl Gone Bad, 194, 203, 228
Google, 16, 298
Goosman, Stuart, 53
Gordy, Berry, 53, 58–59, 64, 71–72
Gosling, Ryan, 85
gospel, 53, 54, 219, 250–52
Gotham City Four, 52
Gottwald, Janusz Jerzy, 241, 242
Gottwald, Laura, 241
Gottwald, Lukasz, see Dr. Luke
Govan, Chloe, 251
Gradvall, Jan, 22–23, 29
Grammy Awards, 31, 51, 118, 121, 191, 194–95, 203–4, 221–23, 227
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, 241
Grant, Amy, 251, 252
Gray, Tamyra, 131
Grease (film), 209
Greenfield, Howie, 69
Greenwich, Ellie, 70
Grey, Skylar, 204
Grieg, Edvard, 75
Grigg, Allan, 241
Grokster, 115
Group Harmony (Goosman), 53
grunge, 5, 41, 51, 56, 67, 80, 96–97, 121
Guarini, Justin, 128, 130–32
guitars, 5, 9, 23, 35, 81, 91, 136, 241–44, 267
acoustic, 182, 238, 304
“bad” technique on, 139–40
electric, 47, 238
Fender, 47
lead, 113
lessons on, 47, 201
pickless playing of, 8
rhythm parts for, 9, 45
rock, 136
solo, 3, 41, 70
Guns N’ Roses, 227
Haggard, Merle, 129
“Halo,” 201–2
Hammerstein, Oscar, 112
Hammond, Albert, 43
Handberg, Roger, 102, 103
Han Geng, 164
Hangin’ Tough, 50
“Hannah Won’t You Open the Door,” 111
Hannegård, Anders “Snake,” 26, 27–28, 43
Hanson, 81
Hanson, Isaac, 81
Hanson, Taylor, 81
Hanson, Zac, 81
Happy Nation, 41
“Hard,” 227
Harless, Lynn, 84
Harrell, Cynthia, 187
Harrell, Kuk, 187, 188–89, 191, 198
Harrison, George, 71
Harvard Business School, 16
Hathaway, Donny, 61
Haywood, Kitty, 187
Haywood, Vivian, 187
“Heartbreaker,” 172
Hedemyr, René, see JackMaster Fax
“Hello Afrika,” 34
Hendrix, Jimi, 250
Henley, David, 250–51
Henley, Don, 118, 119
Henn, Heinz, 61
“Here Comes Pippi Longstocking,” 38
Hermansen, Tor, 209–20, 231–32
“Hero,” 177
“He’s a Rebel,” 70, 71
Hesse, Thomas, 293
High Fidelity, 22
Highway to Hell, 307
Hill, Lauryn, 175
hip-hop, 5, 17, 26, 29, 31, 60, 61, 81, 120, 123, 151, 172, 186, 196, 209–11, 246, 271, 273, 306
birth of, 32
culture of, 64, 172
dancing to, 280
mainstream, 41, 179–80
producers of, 203
R&B mixed with, 46
hit factories, 67–73, 98, 124–25, 149
“Hit Me Baby (One More Time),” 90–91
Hit Predictor, 143–44
hits, 6
of ’20s, 68
of ’50s, 68
of ’60s, 9, 67, 68, 79
of ’70s, 5, 9, 29, 67, 79
of ’80s, 5, 9, 29, 79, 89
of ’90s, 5, 25, 67
back catalogues of, 15
blockbuster, 16
continuity of, 12–17
crossover, 53, 72, 251
Hot 100, 3, 7, 45, 46, 81, 82, 102, 104, 160, 181, 185, 240, 274, 275
making of, 8–10, 14, 60, 67–73, 108, 193–94, 208, 266–67, 305
“micro-,” 15
number one, 7, 29, 41, 45, 49, 73, 81, 97, 145, 186, 194, 207, 217, 266, 274
predicting of, 143–45
R&B, 68, 72
rock-’n’-roll, 68–69
standardized playlists of, 80
Top 40, 3, 4, 5, 68, 73, 78–80, 96, 120, 127, 129, 171
Top 10, 4, 8, 29
Hits Just Keep Coming, The (Fong-Torres), 78–79
Hit Song Science, 144
Hodges, David, 137
“Hold It Against Me,” 263
“Hold On,” 254
Hole, Max, 160–61
Holiday, Jennifer, 172
Holland-Dozier-Holland, 10, 72
Hollies, 4–5
Hollywood, Calif., 73, 128–29, 130–31, 256, 260–61, 269–70
homosexuality, 70, 258
Hong Kong, 152, 153, 159, 167
“Hooked on a Feeling,” 29
hooks, 4, 34, 37, 73, 98, 189, 192, 200–204, 274, 281, 305
definition of, 7
ecstatic moments in, 10, 11, 45
melodic, 44–45
placement of, 36, 226
repetition of, 6
vocal, 40, 45, 91
writing of, 199, 202, 226–27, 231, 257
Horace Mann School, 242, 244
H.O.T., 152, 153
“Hot n Cold,” 258
“Hound Dog,” 68–69
house, 9, 29, 31, 60
acid, 22
dance orientation of, 28
Houston, Marques, 208
Houston, Whitney, 7, 41, 86, 87–88, 126, 132, 138, 141, 177, 228
Hozier, 6
Hudson, Jennifer, 145
Hudson, Katheryn Elizabeth, see Perry, Katy
Hudson, Keith, 250, 253
Hudson, Mary, 250, 252, 258
Huff, Leon, 72
Hugo, Chad, 203
Human League, 22, 24
“Humpin’,” 196
Hunya, 160
hymns, 37
Hyun Jin-young, 151
“I Am Woman,” 111, 113
“I Believe I Can Fly,” 130
“I Feel Love,” 31
“If It’s Lovin’ that You Want,” 186
“If You Want It to Be Good Girl,” 82
“I Have Nothing,” 87
“I Kissed a Girl,” 8, 9, 257–59, 270
“I Knew You Were Trouble,” 276
Il Divo, 124
“I’ll Be Loving You (Forever),” 49
“I’ll Never Break Your Heart,” 82
“I’m Coming Out,” 248
Imperials, 53
“I’m Putting All My Eggs in One Basket,” 112
In Crowd, 58
“In Da Club,” 122
Indiana Jones (film), 26
Infinity Broadcasting, 78
Ink Spots, 53
In My Own Words, 208
Innosense, 84, 85, 102
“Inside Your Heaven,” 146
Inspector Gadget, 75
Internet, 16, 25, 77, 117, 157, 289, 305
streaming music subscriptions on, 14, 15, 113, 285–99
Interscope Records, 117, 133
A&R department of, 159, 166
“In the Hall of the Mountain King” (Grieg), 75
In the Zone, 123, 188
Iovine, Jimmy, 117, 133, 161, 166, 206, 230, 279
iPhones, 286, 307
iPods, 134, 256–57, 286
Iraq War, 123
IRC network, 114
“Irreplaceable,” 212–13
Isaacson, Walter, 133
“I Should Be So Lucky,” 73
Island Records, 116, 180
“Isle D’Amour,” 112
Isley Brothers, 177
Italy, 24, 64–65
It’s Alive, 44, 65–66, 89, 136
“It’s Gonna Be Me,” 104
“It’s My Life,” 105
“It’s Not for Me to Say,” 221
It’s Yours, 179
iTunes, 186, 260, 266, 285–86, 294, 307
iTunes music store, 119, 133–34, 286
“I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend,” 247
“I Wanna Be Your Lover,” 171
“I Want It That Way,” 98, 123
“I Want to Hold Your Hand,” 4
“I Want You Back,” 83
“I Will Always Love You,” 86, 132
“I Write the Songs,” 141
JackMaster Fax, 22
Jackson, Michael, 8, 49, 79, 125, 222
recordings of, 7, 24, 73–74, 237, 253–54
Jackson, Randy, 126, 130–31
Jackson, Tito, 73
Jackson 5, 53
Jacobson, Neil, 159–60, 161–62, 166–67
Jagged Little Pill, 119, 253
Jagger, Mick, 274
“Jailhouse Rock,” 69
Jamaica, 31, 180, 200
Jamerson, James, 72
James, Etta, 130
Japan, 77, 152–53
popular music in, 150, 153, 167
Ja Rule, 180
Javier, 174
Jay-Z, 178–86, 196, 225, 280
early life of, 181
memoir of, 181
as president of Def Jam, 178, 181–82, 208, 212–13
rapping of, 181–82, 192, 203
Rihanna and, 183–86, 191, 213, 223, 228
jazz, 22, 61, 134, 241, 243, 296
Jazzy Jay, 179
Jessie J, 281
Jesus Christ, 66, 250, 251, 256
Jets, 89
jingles, 187, 188, 223, 243
Jive Records, 56–58, 59–64, 74, 76–77, 84, 86–91, 95, 104, 106–7, 190–91, 223
A&R department of, 63–64, 87–89, 100, 107
Jobs, Steve, 39, 119, 133–34, 285, 286
Jodeci, 271
Joel, Billy, 127
John, Elton, 171
Johnson, Philip, 86
Johnson, Wycliffe, 185
Jolson, Al, 111, 112, 113
Jones, Quincy, 10, 182, 253
Jones, Richard, 295
Joplin, Janis, 42
Jordan, Marc, 183, 213
“Joyful Noise,” 306–7
Joy of ABBA, The (film), 37
J Records, 182
Judaism, 47
Juicy J, 239, 306
jukeboxes, 79
“Just Can’t Get Enough,” 66
“Just Dance,” 274
JYP Entertainment, 155
Kane, Big Daddy, 181
KARA, 164–65
Karolinska Sjukhuset Hospital, 93
Kasem, Casey, 79
Kash, J., 260
Kasz Money, 269–70, 273
Katy Hudson, 252
Katy Perry: A Life of Fireworks (Govan), 251
Katy Perry: The Teenage Dream (Duthel), 262
Kayo, 35
KaZaA, 115, 119
“Keep On Movin’,” 24
Keller, Jack, 69
Kelly, Claude, 248
Kelly, R., 60, 106, 130, 230
Kemosabe Records, 236, 263, 268, 270, 273, 280, 306
Kern, Jerome, 68, 112
Kesha, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 236, 248, 264, 268–79
childhood and adolescence of, 269–70
Dr. Luke sued by, 278–79
recordings of, 270–71, 273–77
keyboards, 32, 35, 44, 217–18
Keys, Alicia, 42, 127
“Killing Me Softly,” 174–75
Kim, Melody, 157
King, Ben, 70
King, Carole, 5, 68, 69, 73, 129, 172–73
King, Evelyn “Champagne,” 172
King Crimson, 290
Kirkpatrick, Chris, 83
Kirshner, Don, 68, 69, 70, 72, 98
Kiss, 65
“Kiss Kiss,” 223
“Kitty and the Haywoods,” 187
“Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door,” 5
Knopfler, Mark, 8
Knopper, Steve, 101
Kojak, Kool, 241, 270–73, 276
Korean language, 151, 152, 155, 159
Korean War, 150
Korean Wave, 152
Korn, 60
Kotecha, Savan, 76, 298, 305–6
KOWH radio, 78
K-pop, 77, 150–67, 305
Kraftwerk, 30–32
Kraftwerk and the Electronic Revolution (film), 30
Kreuger, David, 64, 94, 123
KROQ radio, 96
KRS-One, 60
“L.A. Car Test, The,” 36
Lady Gaga, 230, 274
“Lady Marmalade,” 204
LaFace Records, 180, 188
LaGuardia High School, 307–8
Lambert, Adam, 146, 264
Lange, Robert John “Mutt,” 22, 59, 82, 91, 136
“Larger than Life,” 98
“Last Time, The,” 177, 183–84
Lauper, Cyndi, 79
Lavigne, Avril, 119, 138, 247, 248, 255, 276
Leary, Timothy, 250
Led Zeppelin, 290
Lee Soo-man, 150–54, 159, 162, 164, 167
Lee Soo-man and the 365 Days, 150
Leiber, Jerry, 68–70
Lennon, John, 71
“Let Me,” 185
“Let Me Love You,” 208
Let Go, 119
Levan, Larry, 60
Levin, Gerald, 117
Levine, Larry, 70
Lewis, Michael, 144
LFO, 102
“Like a G6,” 166
“Like Me,” 206
Limewire, 115, 119
Limp Bizkit, 60
Lindberg, Tomas, 91
Little Richard, 70
Littrell, Brian, 52, 75, 101
Live Nation, 213
Live to Win (Carlsson), 82
“Livin’ on a Prayer,” 29
LL Cool J, 22, 179
Location, The, 123
“Loco-Motion, The,” 69, 73
Loder, Kurt, 97
Loft, 176, 178–79
Logic Pro, 30
London, 22, 58, 59, 72, 125, 208
London Calling, 307
Longlands, Adam, 255
Long Trail, The (Anderson), 15
Loraine, Peter, 81
Lorentzon, Martin, 290, 292
Los Angeles, Calif., 46, 64, 70, 73, 74, 122, 129, 156, 190, 195, 203, 211, 221–25, 235–38
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), 224
Louisiana, 84, 89, 98
Lou Pearlman Livin’ Large, 103
Love, Darlene, 70, 71
Love Actually (film), 174
Love Games, 172
“Love I Lost, The,” 72
“Love Story,” 9
“Love to Love You Baby,” 24
Löwstedt, Anders, 26
Lucas, George, 8
Luhrmann, Baz, 262
Lundin, Kristian “Krille,” 21, 22, 39, 92, 94, 122, 305
songwriting of, 64–65, 104, 105
Lunt, Steve, 87, 88–91, 94, 107
Lynn, Cheryl, 172
lyrics, 129, 264–65, 274
coordinating melodies with, 40–41
disco, 40
double entendre, 4, 10, 53
lip-syncing of, 50–51, 254
misogynous, 5
nonsense, 29, 69–70, 81–82, 219
rap, 4, 192, 232, 269
rhyming of, 121, 142, 181
understanding of, 4
Lythgoe, Nigel, 126
Madonna, 49, 79, 130, 186, 230
Magnusson, Per, 64, 92, 94, 105, 123, 124
“Making Love Out of Nothing at All,” 42
Making the Band (TV show), 103
Manchester, Melissa, 137
Manhattan School of Music, 243
Manilow, Barry, 42, 126, 127, 141
“Man in the Mirror,” 254
Man Machine, 31
Mann, Barry, 68, 69
Manson, Charlie, 71
“Maps,” 136
Marathon, 26, 122
Maratone Studio, 122–23, 139
Margulis, Elizabeth, 303–4
marijuana, 242–43, 264
Mario, 208
Mars, Bruno, 270
Martin, George, 10, 32
Martin, Jonathan, 29
Martin, Max, 8, 10, 16–17, 40, 64, 82, 89–91, 93–94, 122–23, 134–36, 210, 266, 273, 305–6
coproducing of Denniz PoP and, 67, 73–76, 90, 106
songwriting of, 65–67, 97–98, 104–5, 135, 138–42, 264–68
Time cover story on, 105
see also Dr. Luke, partnership of Max Martin and
Martin, Ricky, 255
Marvelettes, 53
Mathis, Dave, 100
Mathis, Johnny, 221
Matlock, Glen, 37
MCA, 14
MCA Music Publishing, 253
McCarron, Chas. R., 112
McCartney, Paul, 235
McCready, Mike, 144
McFadden & Whitehead, 171
McIntyre, Joey, 52
McKee, Bonnie, 276
recordings of, 260–61, 263–67
songwriting of, 260–68
McKee, Yates, 261
McKinsey, 16
McLean, AJ, 52, 62, 98, 107
McLean, Denise, 62–63
McMahon, Ed, 85
M! Countdown, 157
McPherson, David, 55–57, 61, 63, 74, 77, 81, 82, 100
McPherson, Gregory, 50–51
McQuivey, James, 298
MDMA (ecstasy/molly), 5, 245
“Me Against the Music,” 188, 189
“Me and Mrs. Jones,” 72
Mediabase, 240
Mega Records, 39, 41, 63, 209
“melodic math,” 40, 112
melodies, 9, 10, 29, 39, 64, 75, 135, 139
coordinating lyrics with, 40–41
fragmentary, 7
marrying beats to, 36
memory of, 30
pop-oriented, 54
progressive, 28
verse, 113
Melvin, Harold, 72
Menn, Joseph, 118
Menudo, 52
Mercury Records, 55–57, 86–87
“Message, The,” 209, 241
Metallica, 118, 290
Miami, Fla., 24, 46, 118, 188
Michelangelo, 65
“Mickey,” 247
Mickey Mouse Club, 51, 83–85
Middelhoff, Thomas, 107
Middlebury College, 171
Midler, Bette, 131
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, 124
Milian, Christina, 173, 186
Millennium, 98, 101, 104
Milli Vanilli, 51
Mills, Stephanie, 172
Mills Brothers, 53
Minaj, Nicki, 160, 229, 232
Minimoog, 30
Minogue, Kylie, 72–73
Mirror (London), 255
“Mirrors,” 254
“Miss Independence,” 136–37
Mississippi, University of, 253
“MMMBop,” 81–82
“Model, The,” 31
“Moment Like This, A,” 131–32
Money, JT, 188
“Money (That’s What I Want),” 72
Moneyball (Lewis), 144
Monterey Pop Festival, 42
Montreal, 76–77
Moody, Ben, 137
Moog subbass, 45
Moore, Mandy, 173
“More, More, More,” 40
Morgan, Carey, 112
Morissette, Alanis, 119, 253, 254
Moroder, Giorgio, 31
Morpheus, 115
Morris, Doug, 115, 133, 236, 279–80
Mos Def, 245
Mötley Crüe, 89
Motown, 10, 46, 53, 58, 64, 129, 188
business model of, 60, 98
Mottola, Tommy, 105, 115, 118
Moulton, Tom, 24
Mouseketeers, 83–85, 185
MP3s, 25, 113, 118, 133, 134, 200
“Mr. Ace,” 36–37, 39
MTV, 48, 49, 51, 54, 77, 96–97, 103, 126, 150, 157, 179
MTV Jams, 96
MTV Video Music Awards, 191, 194, 204, 223
Murdoch, Elizabeth, 125
Murdoch, James, 244
Murdoch, Rupert, 59, 125, 126, 244
musical taste, 67, 78, 144
commercial, 124
international, 42
rarefied, 26
swings in, 12, 51
teenage, 12, 15, 69, 149
“Music and Emotions in the Brain: Familiarity Matters” (Silva Pereira), 303
Music Business International, 58
Music Headline, 64
MusicNet, 133
Music of the Sun, 185
Mya, 204
My Crazy Beautiful Life (Kesha), 277
My December, 144–45
Myer, Jarret, 241–42, 244–46, 280
“My Heart Will Go On,” 132
“My Life Would Suck Without You,” 145
“My Love,” 105
“My Prerogative,” 46, 150
“My Pretty Little Indian Napanee,” 111
Mystique, 60
Napster, 14, 107, 114–15, 117–19, 134, 142, 194, 214, 286, 290, 292, 295
Nash, Terius “The-Dream,” 187, 188–89, 205
Nashville, Tenn., 9, 251–53, 269, 276
National Guitar Summer Workshop, 241–42, 244
National Public Radio (NPR), 193
Natural, 102
Nebraska, 144
Nelson, Ozzie, 112
Nelson, Willie, 129
Neptunes, 123, 188, 203, 210
Netflix, 285
“Never Ever,” 206
“Never Gonna Give You Up,” 73
Nevermind, 41
New Edition, 48–49, 54, 141
New Jack Swing, 46, 75, 172
New Kids on the Block, 48–52, 54–56, 89, 96, 121, 173
financial success of, 49
hits of, 49
merchandise marketing of, 49–50
personality types in, 50, 52
News Corporation, 125
Newtown massacre, 277
New Wave, 59, 79
New York, N.Y., 31, 46, 59, 60, 70, 79–80, 84–86, 88, 91, 135, 136, 208, 211
Battery Park City, 48
Brooklyn, 111, 181
Central Park, 50
Manhattan, 42, 47, 48
Queens, 47
Times Square, 63, 97
Washington Square Park, 241
New Yorker, 144
New York Public Library, 62
New York University (NYU), 179
New Zealand, 124
Ne-Yo, 204, 208–9, 211–12, 226
recordings of, 208, 215
songwriting of, 186, 208, 212, 214–16
Nielsen SoundScan, 104
9/11 terrorist attacks, 122, 124, 125, 134
1989, 299, 306
“1999,” 97
Nineties, The (film), 64–65
Nirvana, 5, 41, 80
Nitzsche, Jack, 70
Nobles, Vada, 178
“Nobody,” 156
Nobrow (Seabrook), 125
“No Coke,” 34
noise sounds, 30
Northeastern University, 114
Norway, 27, 209–10
No Strings Attached, 104, 106, 299
’N Sync, 16, 95–96, 99–100, 119
creation of, 83–84
hits of, 138
members of, 83
Pearlman and, 83–84, 101–3
recordings of, 101, 104, 106, 117, 173, 299
“Numbers,” 32
Oakey, Philip, 24
“O’Brien Is Tryin’ to Learn to Talk Hawaiian,” 112
Observer (New York), 183
Ocean, Billy, 59
“Oh Helen!,” 112
O’Jays, 72
Old Town Records, 60
Olympic Games of 1988, 151
“On Broadway,” 69
O’Neal, Shaquille, 103
One Direction, 104
One of the Boys, 257
“Only Girl (In the World),” 217, 227
On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind (Margulis), 303–4
On The Road (Kerouac), 268
“Oops! . . . I Did It Again,” 98
“Oops Upside Your Head,” 197
Orchestral Maneuvers in the Dark (OMD), 22
Orioles, 53
Orlando, Fla., 46–47, 51–52, 54–55, 74, 85, 100, 103
Orlando Civic Theater, 52
Orlando Sentinel, 51
Osbourne, Ozzy, 66, 235
Osmond, Donny, 172–73
“Otis,” 280
“Our Song,” 9
“Outstanding,” 196
“Page 3 girls,” 59
Pamplin, Robert B., Jr., 251
Pamplin Music, 251
p’ansori, 150
Paradise Garage, 60
Parish, Mitchell, 112
Park, Teddy, 156
Parker, Sean, 114–15, 118, 286, 292–95
Park Jin-young, 156
Parks, Ken, 291
Parliament-Funkadelic, 22, 203
Part of Me (film), 254
Parton, Dolly, 132
“Party in the USA,” 248
P.A.S.S.I.O.N., 173
Paul, Billy, 72
payola, 194
P. Diddy, 122, 274
see also Puff Daddy
Pearlman, Louis Jay, 47–52, 62–63, 127, 151, 156
blimps built by, 47–48, 51, 52, 74, 100
boy bands formed by, 51–52, 54–57, 74–76, 82–84, 270
Britney Spears and, 84–86, 102
character and personality of, 99, 100
childhood of, 47
conviction and imprisonment of, 49, 54, 102, 104
fraudulent business practices of, 99–104, 270
memoir of, 48
wealth of, 63
Penn, Dawn, 185
Perry, Katy, 7, 9, 16, 166, 249–59, 264
childhood and adolescence of, 249–52, 260
Christian singing of, 250–52
recordings of, 237, 240, 249–50, 252, 254, 257–59, 261–63, 267–68, 282, 303–5
songwriting of, 251, 254, 257–59, 261–63
Philadelphia Eagles, 7
Philadelphia International Records, 72
Philles Records, 70
Philips, 118
Phillips, Wilson, 254
piano rolls, 113
pianos, 31, 69, 70, 72, 111, 113, 305
player, 112, 118
Pickett, Lenny, 243–45
Pimmel, Rebecca, 277–78
Pink, 11, 138, 232, 236, 247, 248, 276
Pink Floyd, 3
Pinnacle, 62
Pippi Longstocking TV series, 38
pitch, 7
Pitch Perfect movies, 230
Pixar, 285
Pixies, 286, 295
“Planet Rock,” 31–32
“Play It Again,” 280
Poleman, Tom, 80, 120–21, 122
Police, 79
Polow da Don, 206–7, 223, 230
PolyGram, 24, 179
“Pon de Replay,” 178, 182, 184, 185
pop, 4–5, 6, 24, 48, 66, 79–80, 111–13, 129
adult contemporary, 79
African influence on, 37
alternative, 78
bubblegum, 5, 49, 138, 172, 223
Christian, 251–52
easy listening, 79
edgy styles of, 12, 51
electronic, 30–33, 46
Euro-, 6, 45, 59, 186, 210
K-, 77, 150–67, 305
mainstream, 42, 80
mixing R&B with, 6, 22, 64, 173, 180
oldies, 53, 79
power, 247
“pure,” 80, 96–98, 120–21, 123, 129, 173, 192, 246
robo-, 7
synth-, 22, 31, 41, 186
teen, 125, 249, 308
thematic content in, 41, 80
urban, 6, 10, 41, 46, 51, 61, 75, 78, 88, 172, 180, 189, 209–10, 227, 232
PoP, Denniz “Dagge,” 21–30, 32–33, 98, 135–36, 167, 173, 209, 303, 305
annual scavenger hunt of, 26–27
character and personality of, 26–27, 39–40
Cheiron Studios built by, 43–44
coproducing of Max Martin and, 67, 73–76, 90, 106
disciples of, 122–23
as DJ, 21–26, 29–30, 32–33, 40, 91
electronic programming of, 30, 32–33
family background of, 27
game playing of, 26–27, 43, 92, 95, 122
illness and death of, 92–95, 99, 105, 106
name acquired by, 25–26
original songs produced by, 34–37, 38–40, 43–46, 64–67, 73–75
physical appearance of, 21
wealth of, 27, 43
pop divas, 7, 177, 190
Pop Goes Korea (Russell), 151
Pop Idol (TV show), 105, 124–26
Popstars, 124
Porter, Cole, 68, 70, 112
Prescription Songs, 236, 248, 260, 269
Presley, Elvis, 68–69
Pressplay, 133
“Pretend I’m God,” 65–66
“Pretty Vacant,” 37
Prince, 79, 97, 171
Princess Diaries 2 (film), 138
Prism, 237, 240, 306–7
producers, 10
creative role of, 32–33
electronic, 30–33
songwriter-, 16, 99, 200–205, 213–14
Professional Performing Arts School, 85
Prophet synthesizer, 32
Pro Tools, 135, 213, 219, 237
Prozession (Stockhausen), 30
PS 234, 3, 10–11
PSY, 160, 167
PSY from the PSYcho World!, 167
Public Enemy, 22, 179
Puff Daddy, 103
see also P. Diddy
punk, 9, 67, 140
“Puppy Love,” 172
Queen, 91
Queen Is Dead, The, 307
“Quit Playing Games (With My Heart),” 75, 82
Qwest Records, 253
“race music,” 53
radio, 3–6, 13, 16, 29, 41, 55, 76–80, 106, 113, 127, 192–94, 210, 273
advertising on, 77–78, 120
alternative rock, 3
AM, 77, 78, 297
in cars, 3, 7, 35–36
contemporary hits, 3–6, 8, 9, 15, 80, 192, 303, 307
FM, 77, 79, 193, 297
“oldies” stations on, 53
presets on, 3, 7
program directors of, 78–80, 120–21, 192–93
repetition of songs on, 78–79
satellite, 307
testing of playlists on, 143
Top 40, 120, 129
Radiohead, 295
ragtime, 74
“Raise Your Glass,” 276
Raitt, Bonnie, 129
Ramones, 71
Random Access Memories, 31
rap, 9, 33, 34, 54, 57, 60, 75, 88, 96, 106, 117, 121–22, 151, 180, 270, 273–74, 280–81
gangsta, 51, 121, 203
lyrics of, 4, 192, 232, 269
Rap Genius, 192
Rated R, 225, 227
Ravens, 53
raves, 28
Rawkus Records, 244–45
RCA Records, 172, 236, 287
RealNetworks, 133
“Real Slim Shady, The,” 121
Reasonable Doubt, 181
record albums, 7, 13, 31, 41–46, 79
award-winning, 31
distribution of, 41–43, 44, 60, 62
sales and cost of, 25, 133, 145
record business, 6, 42, 53, 67, 114–19, 126
advance testing in, 143–45
’80s in, 5, 9, 24–25
revenues in, 12–14, 15–16, 25, 213, 286, 293, 296
recorders, 27, 34, 65
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 106, 118
record labels, 13, 14, 16, 41, 44, 50, 115, 297
consolidation of, 115–16
independent, 61, 88, 116
rap, 57
records:
bass sound on, 3, 22
declining sales of, 14–15, 25, 107, 114, 137, 286, 296
demo, 44, 55, 69, 71, 74, 75
Diamond Award bestowed on, 106
45 RPM, 4
free, 14–15, 16, 114, 118
gold, 24
master, 13
neighboring rights of, 13
pirating of, 14–15, 114, 119, 134, 286, 290–92, 295
publishing rights of, 12–13
synchronization rights of, 13
vinyl, 24, 25, 113
vocals on, 23, 24
“white label,” 24
Red Bird Records, 69
Reddy, Helen, 111, 113
Red Hill Records, 251–52
RedZone Entertainment, 187, 188, 198–99, 206
reggae, 29, 34, 35, 45, 116, 185
Reid, John, 131–32
Reid, L. A., 180–81, 184, 186, 188, 191, 225
Reis, Jens von, 64–65
“Respect,” 131
Rhapsody, 15
rhythm, 7, 10, 139
dance, 36
melodic, 273–74
patterns of, 31
reggae, 45
rhythm and blues (R&B), 16, 17, 41, 48, 53–55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68–69, 75, 90, 106, 113, 180–81, 306
clapping in, 53
falsetto singing in, 53
harmony singing in, 53–54
hip-hop mixed with, 46
melody in, 64
pop mixed with, 6, 22, 64, 173, 180
Ribot, Marc, 296–97
Richardson, Kevin, 52, 99, 100–101
Richter, Irene, 263, 265
Riddick, Makeba, 226
Righteous Brothers, 70
“Right Now,” 267
“Right Round,” 3–4, 8, 70, 73, 270–71, 273
“Right Type of Mood,” 67
Rihanna, 7, 11, 16, 174–79, 181, 182–87, 188
childhood of, 176–77, 225
Chris Brown and, 222–25
discovery of, 175–76, 178–79, 182–85, 228
Jay-Z and, 183–86, 191, 213, 223, 228
recordings of, 184, 185–87, 191–92, 194–95, 203, 212, 214, 217, 225–29
Riley, Teddy, 46, 151
Ritholz, Adam, 101
Ritz, 22–24
Bat Club at, 22
“River Deep—Mountain High,” 71
“Roar,” 282, 303–5, 306
Robinson, Smokey, 71
Robyn, 88–91, 178
Roc-A-Fella Records, 180–81
rock, 8, 17, 29, 44, 48, 79, 91, 113, 116, 131, 134, 306, 307–8
alternative, 120, 136
classic, 79
country, 9
glam-, 44, 65, 210
grunge, 5, 41, 51, 56, 67, 80, 96–97, 121
guitar-driven, 9, 139–40
hard-, 44, 64, 150
indie-, 15, 136, 140
modern, 79
new wave, 59, 79
pop-, 140, 247
punk-, 9, 67, 140
on radio, 3–5
Southern, 276
rock era, 5, 67, 149, 194
Roc Nation, 213, 229
Roc-the-Mic studio, 213–15, 217–19, 231
Rodgers, Nile, 22, 45
Rodgers, Richard, 68, 112
Rodgers and Hammerstein, 112
Rogers, Adam, 242–43
Rogers, Evan, 171–79, 181–86, 213, 227–28
Rogers, Jackie, 174, 176, 185
Roland TR-808, 31, 32
Rolling Stone, 129, 176, 178, 184, 250
Rolling Stones, 67, 149, 276
Ronettes, 70
Ronstadt, Linda, 129
Rosen, Hilary, 118
Ross, Diana, 230
Rossman, Gabriel, 192–93
Rostand, Edmond, 204
Rotem, “J.R.,” 186
Rough Trade, 62
Rowland, Kelly, 221
Rubin, Rick, 179–80
Rubinoos, 247
“Rude Boy,” 226–28
Rudolph, Larry, 85–87, 101, 190, 265–66
Rumpus, The, 258
Run-D.M.C., 179, 242
“Run It!,” 223
Rushfield, Richard, 128
Russell, Mark, 151
“Russian Roulette,” 227
Ruthless!, 85
Rythm Syndicate, 173
sado-masochism (S&M), 91
Sahdeeq, Shabaam, 245
St. Petersburg Times, 103
Sakamoto, Kyu, 160
Salk School of Science, 307
Samsung, 151
Sandberg, Karl Martin, 64–67, 135
childhood and education of, 65
songwriting and performing of, 65–67
see also White, Martin
“S&M,” 227, 228–29
Sandpiper Club, 24
“Sao Paulo,” 270
Saturday Night Live (SNL), 134, 135, 243–44
Schlager music, 37
Schmidt, Eric, 16
Schmidt-Holtz, Rolf, 14
Schnitzler, Conrad, 30
Schoolly D, 60
Schoun, Andy, 96–97
Schultz, Jake, 64, 104
Scott, Dick, 49–50
Scott, Tee, 60
Seacrest, Ryan, 126, 128
SeaWorld, 54–55, 74
Sebert, Kesha Rose, see Kesha
Sebert, Pebe, 269, 277, 278–79
Secret, The (film), 205–6
Secret Garden studio, 240
Sedaka, Neil, 69
Seo Taiji and Boys, 151
Seoul, 150–53, 155–58, 161–63
Gangnam district in, 155–56
“September,” 171
S.E.S., 152, 153
session musicians, 6, 58, 59, 201
Sex Pistols, 8, 37, 290
Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, 75
“Shack Up,” 44
“Shake It Off,” 97, 276
Shakespeare, William, 81
Shamu, 55
Shannon, Scott, 79–80
sheet music, 68, 111–13, 118
Shellback, 276
SHINee, 154, 165, 166
Shin Joong-hyun, 150
Shirelles, 69
Shocking Blue, 73
“Show Me Love,” 89
“Show Me the Meaning of Being Lonely,” 98
Sia, 208
Sicoli, Gloria, 51–52
Sign, The, 45–46, 98
“Sign, The,” 43, 44, 45, 75
sign language, 131
Silva Pereira, Carlos, 303
Silver, Barry, 265
Silver, Frank, 112
Simmons, Joseph “Run,” 179
Simmons, Russell, 179–80
Simon, Ralph, 59
Simon and Garfunkel, 47
“Simple,” 254
Simpson, Jessica, 173
“Since U Been Gone,” 8, 9, 136, 138–42, 145, 247, 258
singers:
backup, 26, 70, 129
belting by, 97, 131, 140, 197
a cappella, 23, 50, 52, 55, 56, 179
church, 53
glam-rock, 44
head voice of, 131
lip-syncing by, 50–51, 264
R&B, 42
rock, 44, 64
-songwriters, 5, 9, 42, 141–42, 149, 248
as vocal personalities, 7, 50
Siri, 298
Sirius XM, 307
Sister Act 2, 250
“Slushy,” 248
Smeeze, Phil, 270
SM Entertainment, 150–55, 157, 159, 161–64, 166
Smith, Sam, 6
Smith, Shaffer, 186
Smith, Tyran “Ty Ty,” 183, 212
Smiths, 307–8
Sobule, Jill, 258–59
Soft Cell, 186
“Soldier of Love,” 172–73
Solna, 93, 95
Something in the Air (Fisher), 78
“Sometimes,” 94
Sonenberg, David, 270, 272, 279
song machines, 3, 6, 17, 30–33
songs:
copyrights of, 13, 71–72, 291, 306–7
cover versions of, 42–43, 72–73, 89, 98, 166, 172, 174–75, 185, 204
familiarity with, 303–4
frequent themes of, 41
imitating of, 106
key changes in, 132
love, 129
“money notes” in, 132
movie, 112
musical comedy, 112
novelty, 112
patriotic, 112
promotion of, 193
publishing rights to, 12–13, 59
reverse-engineering of, 64
royalties of, 13, 25, 68–69, 199
samples of, 6, 30, 31, 44
“stuttering,” 112
track-and-hook composition of, 16
songwriters, 63
aliases of, 8
American, 28
Asian, 162
Australian, 28
British, 28
“Magnificent 7,” 69
melody-and-lyrics, 200, 248
payment of, 297–98
producer-, 16, 99, 200–205, 213–14
professional, 5–6, 29
singer-, 5, 9, 42, 141–42, 149, 248
Swedish, 16–17, 26, 29, 35–46, 64, 90, 122, 124, 126
teams of, 5, 6, 8, 16, 64–65, 68–70, 72–73, 123, 200–204, 226–27, 259, 261–62
track-and-hook, 200–204, 225–27, 238–39
writer camp for, 225–26
Sony Building, 86, 275
Sony Music Entertainment, 12, 105, 115–16, 118, 133, 187, 236, 268, 270, 292–93
Sony Music Studios, 208–9, 211
Soompi, 157
So Romantic, 172
“S.O.S.,” 37
“SOS,” 186
Soshified, 155
“So Sick,” 212, 215
So Together, 102
soul, 22, 69, 171, 219, 244
Soul II Soul, 24
Soundtrack of My Life, The (Davis), 137, 141–42
South Africa, 58–59
Southgate, 62
South Korea, 77, 150–59, 162–63, 165, 167
cosmetic surgery in, 158
Japanese occupation of, 150
see also K-pop
“Spanish Harlem,” 70
Spanish language, 76, 153
Spears, Britney, 7, 16, 51, 102, 107, 121, 176, 189–91, 207, 223, 236, 248
childhood and adolescence of, 84–91, 185
children of, 191
dancing of, 89
debut album of, 89, 94, 98
early performing of, 85, 95
innocent but sexy image of, 94, 95–96
psychiatric problems of, 107, 190–91
recordings of, 93, 94–96, 97–98, 106, 123, 188, 258, 263
vocal fry and belted delivery of, 97
Spears, Lynne, 84–87
Spector, Phil, 6, 8, 32, 69, 72, 98, 278
character and personality of, 71
murder conviction of, 71
writing and producing of, 70–71, 166
Spector, Ronnie, 71, 278
Spice, 81
Spice Girls, 84, 121, 124
hits of, 81
members of, 81, 173
Spielberg, Steven, 8, 26, 209
Spotify, 14, 117, 240, 285–89, 293–99
launch of, 286, 291–92, 294
licensing deals of, 293–94
playlist culture of, 287–89
subscription access to music sold by, 285–86, 296, 298–99
user base of, 286–87, 298
Springsteen, Bruce, 79, 144
“Stairway to Heaven,” 13
Stanford Business School, 151
“Stardust,” 112
Stargate, 10, 185, 186, 207, 209, 211–15, 217–19, 226–28, 230–32, 267
Starr, Maurice, 48–50, 127
Star Scoop, 253
Star Search, 85
Stax, 22
Steely & Clevie, 185
Step by Step, 49
Steps, 73
Sterling, Andrew B., 111
Steve Jobs (Isaacson), 133
Stewart, Bill, 78–79
Stewart, Butch, 187
Stewart, Christopher “Tricky,” 123, 187–92, 196–200, 229, 267
Stewart, Judi, 188
Stewart, Laney, 187–88
Stewart, Mark, 187–88, 189, 196
Stewart, Mary Ann, 187
Stewart, Mike, 190–91
Stewart, Phillip, 187
Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW), 72–73, 98, 270
Stockhausen, Karlheinz, 30
Stockholm, 17, 21–23, 26–27, 34–36, 39, 41–43, 46, 74–75, 90–91, 99, 105, 135–36, 139, 289–91
Birger Jarlsgatan in, 285
Fridhemsplan hostel in, 43
Södermalm district in, 21–22
Stureplan, 136
Vasagatan district in, 22
stock market crash of 1987, 25
Stoller, Mike, 68–70
StoneBridge, 22–23, 34–35, 43
Storz, Todd, 78–79
Straits Times, 165
Streetwise Records, 48
Streisand, Barbra, 127, 132
Strigeus, Ludvig, 291
strings, 3, 6, 31, 69, 72
Strong, Barrett, 72
“Stronger (What Doesn’t Kill You),” 145
“Stuff Like That There,” 131
“Stupid in Love,” 227
Sturken, Carl, 171–75, 177–78, 181–86, 213, 227–28
Sturken & Rogers, 171–74, 177–78, 181–86, 213, 227–28
Stylistics, 72
“Sukiyaki,” 160
Sulley, Susan Ann, 24
Sullivan, Ed, 222
“Sultans of Swing,” 8
Summer, Donna, 24, 31
“Summer Girls,” 102
“Summertime Sadness,” 304
Summit Series, 236
Sun (London), 59
“Super Bass,” 229
Super Bowl half-time show, 5, 49
Super Junior, 154, 159, 164
Supla Zoo, 270
Supremes, 53, 156
Sweden, 21–24, 28–29, 34–40, 42, 82, 92–95, 105, 117, 140, 276, 285–86, 293, 295–96, 305–6
discos in, 29
music education in, 65
songwriting in, 16–17, 26, 29, 35, 46, 64, 90, 122, 124, 126
Swedish Grammys, 93
Swedish national television (STV), 32, 38, 64
SweMix, 21–24, 32, 34–36, 43
Swift, Taylor, 8, 16
hits of, 9, 97, 276, 299, 306
Spotify rejected by, 285, 295
Swire, Rob, 226
Swizz Beatz, 160
Syndicated Rhythm Productions, 176, 184
synthesizers, 9, 30–32, 35, 36, 45, 135, 212, 241
“Tainted Love,” 186
“Take a Chance on Me,” 37
Take 5, 102
talent scouts, 51–52
talent shows, 48, 84, 124–46, 151
Talking Heads, 31
“Talk That Talk,” 214
Talomaa, Tom, 27, 43–44, 122–23, 136
Tanzy, Jeanne, 51
tapes:
cutting and mixing of, 23–24, 134
demo, 21, 35–36, 38–39, 86–87, 89–91, 178, 269
Tate, Sharon, 71
Taxi Music, 256–57
T.B. Harms, 68, 69–70
“T-Boz,” 90
TCBY yogurt, 103
“Teach Your Children,” 8
“Tearin’ Up My Heart,” 84
Tears for Fears, 238
techno, 5, 35, 244
Tedder, Ryan, 10, 145, 201–2
Teddybears, 3
Teenage Dream, 7, 237, 261–63, 267–68
“Teenage Dream,” 238, 249, 261–63
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, 51
Telecommunications Act, 77–78, 80
Teletubbies, 124
television:
children’s shows on, 124
network, 78, 103
reality shows on, 102–3
talent shows on, 42, 105, 124–46
“Tell Me I’m Dreaming,” 55
Temptations, 53, 55
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 7
Texarkana Federal Correctional Institution, 49, 102
Texas, 129–30
Thankful, 136–37, 173–74
That ’70s Show (TV show), 125
“That Girl,” 208
“That’s the Way It Is,” 105
“There Goes My Baby,” 69
Thielen, Gunter, 116
Thomas, B.J., 29
Thompson, Hunter S., 13
Thompson, Richard, 98
Thornton, Big Mama, 68
“Thou Ancient, Thou Free,” 37
Three Dog Night, 129
3T, 73
“Thriller,” 237, 253
Tiger Beat, 46
“Tik Tok,” 8, 9, 248, 274–75
Timbaland, 10, 123, 188, 202–3, 210, 227
Timberlake, Justin, 51, 83–85, 223, 227
recordings of, 239, 289
Time, 65, 66, 105
Timeless: The Classics, 121
Time Warner, 117
Timmer, Jan, 24
timpani, 69
Tin Pan Alley, 53, 68, 69, 111, 149, 200
Titanic (film), 132
T.J. Harms, 112
TLC, 90, 180, 190
TMZ, 224
Tognozzi, Esther, 190
Tom Tom Club, 248
“Tonight,” 248
Too Much Too Soon, 171–73
Top 40
Top of the Pops, 81
Total Request Live (TRL), 97
Toth, Jon, 154–55, 165
Tower of Power, 243
Tower Records, 260
“Toxic,” 123
Tramps, 22
Trans Continental Airlines, 48, 52, 99–100
“Trans-Europe Express,” 30, 31–32
Tribe Called Quest, A, 60
trot, 150, 152
Trouble, 260
“Trouble with Love Is, The,” 173–74, 175
Tullinge, 27
Tulsa, Okla., 81, 196, 197
Turner, Ike, 70–71
Turner, Tina, 71
TVXQ!, 154
Twain, Shania, 59
Twilighters, 53
Twitter, 237, 277
2NE1, 156, 160
“U + Ur Hand,” 247
UCLA Medical Center, 191
ukuleles, 112
Ulrich, Lars, 118
Ulvaeus, Agnetha, 38
Ulvaeus, Björn, 37, 38
“Umbrella,” 187, 188–95, 212, 223, 225
UnderEstaMated, 230, 232
Underwood, Carrie, 146
“Unfaithful,” 186
United Kingdom (UK), 23, 24, 28, 41, 73–74, 81, 105, 211
radio and TV in, 79, 124–25
United States (US), 23, 24, 28, 29, 36, 42, 125
economic recessions in, 4, 25
Universal Music Group, 115, 117, 133, 160–61, 179–81, 256, 268, 293
Universal Music Publishing, 297
Universal Records, 297
“Up on the Roof,” 69
“Ur So Gay,” 257
Usher, 180, 215, 230
uTorrent, 286
Vallée, Rudy, 112
Van Dyke, Earl, 72
Vanuatu, 119
variety shows, 78, 126, 150
Vaudeville, 111
“Venus,” 73
Veronicas, 247
Verraros, Jim, 131
Vevo, 266
VH1, 253
vibraphones, 72
Vicious, Sid, 8
videos, 41, 55, 63, 65–66, 77, 87, 89, 95–98, 126, 228, 281
Vig, Butch, 41
Vinyl Mania, 22
Virgin Records, 14, 63, 256, 271
Vivendi Universal, 115, 116
vocal groups:
black female, 53
black male, 41, 46, 52–54, 63
a cappella, 50, 52, 55, 56
dance incorporated by, 53, 54, 56
doo-wop, 49, 53
harmony, 48–49, 52–57
Korean, 152–54
R&B, 48–49, 90
rap, 54
street-corner, 53
white female, 81, 84, 102, 166
white male, 54–57, 61–64, 173
see also boy bands; choirs
Voice, The, 146, 174
Volle, Anna, 27
Volle, Ann-Katrin, 27, 94–95
Volle, Dag Krister, see PoP, Denniz
Volle, Daniel, 36, 94–95
Volle, Jan, 27
Von Tilzer, Harry, 111
von Unwerth, Ellen, 227
Wagner, Jack, 254
Wahlberg, Donnie, 49, 52
Wahlberg, Mark, 49
“Wake Me Up,” 297
“Waking Up in Vegas,” 254, 257
Walker, Butch, 247–48
“Walk on By,” 131
Wall of Sound, 6, 69, 70
Wall Street Journal, 295
Walt Disney Company, 138
“Wannabe,” 81
Waples, Tracy, 183
Warner, Jack, 115
Warner Bros., 210, 260–61
Warner Music Group, 115, 133, 180, 293
Warren, Diane, 43, 105
Warrior, 276, 277
Warwick, Ken, 126
“Waterloo,” 37, 123, 126
Waves, The (Woolf), xiii
“We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together,” 276
Webb, Jimmy, 112–13
“We Can’t Stop,” 304
Weezer, 154
Weil, Cynthia, 68, 69
Weiss, Barry, 60, 62–63, 74, 96
Weiss, Hy, 60
Wells, Greg, 257
Wennick, Kjeld, 41, 42
“We R Who We R,” 275
West, Kanye, 181, 196, 280
Westendorf, Thomas, 111
Westlake Recording Studios, 191
Westlife, 105, 124
“Wet Lapse,” 244–45
“We’ve Got It Goin’ On,” 74–76, 96
Wexler, Jerry, 53
WFIL radio, 5
“What’s My Name,” 217, 229
“What Would You Take Me For, Papa?,” 111
“Wheel of Fortune,” 38
“When All Is Said and Done,” 37–38
“When the Grown Up Ladies Act Like Babies,” 111
“When There’s Nothing Left,” 251
Where We Belong, 173
whistling, 36, 39
White, Brian, 251
White, Eric Foster, 63, 88–89
White, Martin, 44, 65, 89, 306
Whiting, Richard, 112
“Who Dat,” 188
“Who Knew,” 247
WHTZ radio (Z-100), 79–80, 120
“Why Does It Hurt So Bad,” 141
“Wide Awake,” 263
Will.i.am, 227
Williams, Pharrell, 10, 203–4
Williams, W. R., 111
Wilson, Brian, 32
Wilson, Charlie, 196–97
Wilson brothers, 196
“Winner Takes It All, The,” 37–38
Winter Sonata, 152
“Without You,” 131
Wonder, Stevie, 171, 222
“Wonderful! Wonderful!,” 221
Wonder Girls, 156, 161
Woolf, Virginia, xiii
“Wrecking Ball,” 266, 304
“Wrecking Crew, The,” 70
Wright, Donna, 54–55
Wright, Johnny, 54, 62–63, 83, 95
X Factor, 146
Yacoub, Rami, 65, 90, 94, 98, 104, 122, 135–36
“Yakety-Yak,” 68
Yang Hyun-suk, 151
Yeah Yeah Yeahs, 136
“Yearning for Your Love,” 196
Yerger, Chuck, 85
“Yes! We Have No Bananas!,” 112
YG Entertainment, 151, 155–56, 160, 161
Yiddish language, 47
Yorke, Thom, 295
“You Belong With Me,” 9
“(You’d Be So) Easy to Love,” 112
“You Don’t Love Me (No, No, No),” 185
“You Got It All,” 89
“You Make Me Feel Brand New,” 72
“You Might Think,” 136
Young, Neil, 113
“Your Love Is My Drug,” 275
“You Spin Me Round (Like a Record),” 73, 270
YouTube, 8, 154, 160, 225, 226, 240, 264, 266, 280, 281
Zapoleon, Guy, 120–21, 123, 143, 145, 173, 193, 248
Zelnick, Strauss, 101, 104
Ziegfeld Follies, 112
Zomba, 58, 59, 61, 62, 87, 88, 106–7
Zone 4, 206