Index

Aaron, 152, 168

Abaye, 166

Abel, 80, 92, 187–188

Abimelekh, 80

Abrabanel, Don Isaac, 17, 18, 21–22

Abraham, 24, 41, 51–52, 54–58, 64, 74, 75, 80, 90, 92–94, 99–101, 111–113, 129, 130, 147, 152, 188, 191, 199, 217, 226

Abu Simbel, 30

Adam, 68, 76, 80–82, 87, 127, 145, 188

Adams, John, 3–4

Adiabene, kingdom of, 150

Aelia Capitolina, 143

Agriculture, birth of, 68

Ahab, King, 126

Akiva, Rabbi, 147–149, 165

Alexandria, synagogue in, 160

Alfonso V, King of Portugal, 17

Alphabet, invention of, 132–135

Alshekh, Rabbi Moses, 7

Amalek, 196

Amiel, Rabbi Moshe Avigdor, 156

Amos, 153, 167, 196

Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 3, 36

Ansky, Sh., 151

Anti-Semitism, 15–17, 19, 22, 23, 194–198, 200, 202, 207, 213, 214, 221, 225, 227

Holocaust, 19, 28, 91, 94, 96, 101, 143, 185–189, 192, 195, 197, 202, 203, 213, 216, 223, 225

Arama, Rabbi Isaac ben Moses, 11, 12, 14, 18, 21–22, 24–25, 30, 38

Arnold, Matthew, 179

Asch, Sholom, 100

Assyrians, 23, 141, 155, 157, 178

Atonement, 148–150

Auerbach, Erich, 74

Auschwitz, 185–189

Autonomy, concept of, 42

Avot, Ethics of the Fathers, 165

Ayer, A.J., 26–27

Baal Shem Tov, 39, 40

Baal worship, 86, 87

Babylonian conquest, 18, 19, 141, 155

Babylonian exile, 134, 143, 164, 199

Bacon, Francis, 131

Balaam, 201

Bar Kochba (Simeon Bar Kochba), 143, 147, 160

Baron, Salo, 158

Benjamin of Tudela, 165–166

Bentham, Jeremy, 179

Berdyayev, Nicolay, 37

Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 91, 120, 223

Bet knesset. See Synagogues

Bet midrash (house of study), 164

British Jewish community, 199–200

Cahill, Thomas, 41, 64–65

Cain, 80, 92, 187–188

Calatayud, Spain, 11

Canaan, 51, 111, 132

Capitalism, 126

Carlebach, Shlomo, 193

Chesterton, G.K., 225

Chinese inventions, 62

Chosen people, idea of, 91–105

Christianity, 15–16, 65, 84, 86, 90, 99, 100, 117, 144, 146–147, 150, 153–154, 158, 190, 200, 201, 218, 226

Churchill, Winston, 216

Circumcision, 81, 146, 150

Common Era, 144

Communism, 127

Concentration camps, 184–189

Conflicted identity, 193–203

Conscience, 190

Constantine, Emperor, 150

Constitutional government, 128, 156

Conversions, forced (conversos), 15–18, 22

Covenantal morality, 77–90

Covenantal society, 122–141, 154–155

Covenant (brit), 83

Covenant of Sinai, 11–13, 16, 60, 97, 115–118, 151, 163

Creation, account of, 73, 78–79, 161

Cretans, 132

Cromwell, Oliver, 109

Crusades, 91, 153, 193

Cuddihy, John Murray, 208–209

Cuneiform, 131

David, King, 96, 126, 165, 168

Day of Atonement, 144, 148, 149

Dead Sea, 142

Deborah, 74

Declaration of Independence, 75

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 194

Democracy, 62, 119, 126, 155

Derashah (homily), 159

Determinism, 170

Deuteronomy, 122, 159

Diaspora, 19, 156, 175, 197, 198, 221

Dietary laws, 84, 171

Dina, 81

Dio, 143

Dreyfus Affair, 23, 195, 200

Durkheim, Emile, 103

Dybbuk, The (Ansky), 151

Ecclesiastes, 144

Edah, 116, 120, 121

Edot (testimonies), 172

Education, 129–131, 133–135, 163–169, 192

Egypt, 27–28, 30–33, 46, 51, 75, 77, 92–94, 116–117, 131, 137, 177, 178, 191, 207

Einstein, Albert, 216

Elazar, Daniel, 116, 159–160

Elijah, 87–88, 126

Eliot, T.S., 195

Emunah (faithfulness), 40, 83, 85

Enlightenment, 42, 53, 99, 194, 207

Epistle to Yemen, The (Maimonides), 16

Equality, 168–169

Esau, 92, 199, 204–207

Essenes, 126

Eve, 68, 76, 80–82, 87, 188

Evil, reality of, 57–58

Ewer, W.N., 129

Exodus, 30, 32–34, 79, 105, 109–121, 130, 153, 170

Ezekiel, 18, 22, 23, 157, 203

Ezra, 134, 159, 199

Family, 79, 80, 83–84, 89, 134, 201

Fate, 102

Ferdinand, King of Spain, 17

Festivals, 110, 111, 115, 134–136, 144, 155, 172, 174

Fleg, Edmond, 6, 200

Flood, story of, 92, 100, 170

Franklin, Benjamin, 109

Fraternity, concept of, 127, 168, 169

Freedom, 113–114, 120, 169

Free market, 126

French Revolution, 99, 127, 168, 194, 224

Freud, Sigmund, 208–209, 225

Frost, Robert, 203

Genesis, 73–75, 77–80, 105, 118, 167, 172, 206

Gideon, 133

Gifts of the Jews, The (Cahill), 41

Glasnost, 213

Gods, 66–67, 77, 118, 149

Greece, 62, 70, 71, 77, 99, 102, 119, 132, 136, 149, 155, 164, 171, 177, 178, 194, 207, 218, 219

Hadrian, 143

Hagar, 112

Haggadah, 17, 184, 196

Hakhamin (rabbis), 164

Halakhah (the way), 167, 228

Haman, 196

Hanina, Rabbi, 156

Hannah, 74

Hanukkah, 155

Hassidism, 39, 183

Hayyim of Brisk, Rabbi, 218

Hedonism, 71–72

Heine, Heinrich, 23, 39, 201

Herod, 142

Herzl, Theodore, 174

Hess, Moses, 23, 174

Hessed (covenantal love), 125, 127–128, 160, 173

Hevrutah (fellowship of study), 169

Hezekiah, 152

Hieroglyphics, 131, 133

High Priest, office of, 144, 148, 152

Hillel, 125, 164, 166, 219

Himmelfarb, Milton, 5, 63

History of the Jews, A (Johnson), 219

Hitler, Adolf, 190, 227

Hittites, 94, 199, 206

Hobbes, Thomas, 123, 128

Hofesh (individual freedom), 120

Holocaust, 19, 28, 91, 94, 96, 101, 143, 185–189, 192, 195, 197, 202, 203, 213, 216, 223, 225

Homer, 74

Hosea, 85–87, 167

Houses of Hillel and Shammai, 164

Hukkim (statutes), 171–172

Hume, David, 42, 223

Idolatry, rejection of, 74, 85

Imagination, 72, 73

Imperialism, 92

Individual, birth of, 69–70, 77, 83, 116, 118, 155, 156

Industrial Revolution, 131

Inquisitions, 22, 91, 153

Intermarriage, 197, 199–201, 203

Isaac, 52, 80, 92, 112, 113, 147, 199

Isabella, Queen of Spain, 17

Isaiah, 41, 153, 167, 203

Ishmael, 92, 112, 113

Islam, 16, 65, 84, 90, 99, 100, 117, 158, 201, 226

Israel

creation of State of, 174, 175, 191–192, 203, 221, 225

Six Day War (1967), 27–29

Jacob, 80, 92, 204–208, 225, 226

Jefferson, Thomas, 109

Jeremiah, 41, 101, 203

Jerusalem, 143, 146, 155, 156, 158, 161, 192. See also Temple in Jerusalem

Jethro, 119

Jethro’s daughters, 46

Jewish ideas, history of, 63–76

Jihads, 91

Job, 101, 187, 188, 224

Johanan ben Zakkai, 163

Johnson, Paul, 4, 54, 164, 219

Joseph, 81, 117, 119

Josephus, 135, 150, 155

Joshua, 74

Joshua ben Gamla, 134, 164

Josiah, 152

Judah, kingdom of, 141

Judah Halevi, 16, 138, 140, 196

Judea, 164

Judges, 123, 133

Kant, Immanuel, 42, 223

Kaplan, Mordecai, 196

Karnak, 30

Kellner, Menachem, 174

Kibbutz, 126

Kishinev pogroms, 195

Knowledge, hierarchy of, 131

Kovno ghetto, 173–174

Kuzari (Judah Halevi), 16

Labor, division of, 68

Language, 72, 73, 82, 99, 131

Language, Truth and Logic (Ayer), 26–27

Law, 120, 156, 169

Leach, Sir Edmund, 27

Leibowitz, Yeshayahu, 167

Letter to the Romans, 145

Leviticus, 127

Lewis, C.S., 105

Liberal revolution, 27

Liberty, 168, 169

Limpieza de sangre (purity of blood), 22

Livy, 178

Locke, John, 126, 128

Long Walk to Freedom, The (Mandela), 110

Lost Ten Tribes, 157, 199

Lot, 80

Luther, Martin, 70, 132, 201

Luxor, 30

Maccabees, 155, 164

MacIntyre, Alasdair, 224

Maimonides, 16, 165–167, 171, 172

Mandela, Nelson, 110

Marcion, 153

Marriage, 81, 83, 84, 85, 88–89

Marx, Groucho, 193

Marx, Karl, 103, 137, 225

Marxism, 37, 99, 170

Masada, 142

Mason, Jackie, 193

Materialism, 37, 175, 176

McCartney, Paul, 27

Meaning of History, The (Berdyayev), 37

Melchizedek, 119

Mendel of Kotsk, Rabbi Menahem, 162

Merneptah stele, 32

Mesopotamia, 51, 62, 75, 77, 150, 177

Micah, 95, 126, 148–149, 167

Midrash, 55, 57, 58, 101, 188

Mill, John Stuart, 119

Mishkan (tabernacle in wilderness), 161

Mishpat (justice-as-reciprocity), 125

Mishpatim (judgments), 171

Monarchy, 123–124

Monotheism, 70, 73, 77, 85, 90, 92, 98, 99, 104, 150, 226

Morality, 58–60, 65, 96–97

covenantal, 77–90

Morganbesser, Sidney, 212

Moses, 6–7, 11–13, 16, 24, 33–34, 41, 45–46, 74, 92, 94, 101, 109, 110, 114, 118, 119, 122, 129, 130, 141, 153, 155, 191, 209, 217, 226

Moses and Monotheism (Freud), 209

Mount Carmel, 87

Mount Horeb, 87

Mount Sinai, 11–13, 16, 60, 97, 115–118, 151, 163

Mysticism, 104

Myth, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 104, 130

Nahmanides, 15, 166

Nash, John, 138

Nathan, 126

Natural law, 58, 59

Nebuchadnezzar, 196

Nehemiah, 199

Neo-Darwinism, 103, 170

New Age mysticisms, 104

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 146, 190, 223

Ninth of Av, 192

Nitzavim, 11

Noah, 80, 99–101, 125

Nuremberg trials, 186

“Odysseus’ Scar” (Auerbach), 74

Oracles, 102

Ordeal of Civility, The: Freud, Marx, Levi-Strauss and the Jewish Struggle with Modernity (Cuddihy), 208–209

Outline of History (Wells), 134

Pascal, Blaise, 35–36

Passover (Pesach), 110, 111, 115, 136, 138, 172, 174

Paul, Saint, 144–147, 149

Peace, value of, 96

Pentecost (Shavuot), 172

Persia, 178, 191, 207

Philosophy, 99, 171

Phoenicians, 132

Pictographic script, 131–132

Pinsker, Judah Leib, 197

Plutarch, 136

Pogroms, 91, 153, 195

Polis, 105

Pompey, 161

Printing, invention of, 62, 70, 132

Private property, 126

Probability, theory of, 35

Prophets, 17, 41, 85–88, 95–96, 102, 152, 154, 157, 167–168, 178, 226

Proverbs, 146

Psalms, 153, 157, 169

Psychotherapy, 104

Puritanism, 70

Qumran, 142

Ramses II, 30–32

Rashi, 12, 166

Rationalism, 99

Rav, 166

Rava, 166

Rebecca, 80, 199

Rees-Mogg, William, 4–5

Reformation, 70, 132

Relationship, search for, 77–83

Renaissance, 70

Romans, 18, 19, 136, 141–143, 146, 147, 149, 156, 163, 177, 178, 194, 207

Rome and Jerusalem (Hess), 23

Rosenzweig, Franz, 172

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 123

Rowse, A.L., 47

Rubin, Rabbi Yitzhak, 243

Russell, Bertrand, 177

Russian Revolution, 99

Sabbath (Shabbat), 83, 104, 134, 136–141, 162, 172, 228

Safire, William, 224

Salanter, Rabbi Israel, 97

Samuel, 122–124, 152

Sarah, 51–52, 54, 58, 74, 80, 99, 112, 113, 130, 152

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 42

Saul, King, 123, 155

Saul of Tarsus. See Paul, Saint

Schneersohn, Rabbi Menachem Mendel, 210–211

Science, 65, 70–73, 175–176

Secular humanism, 84

Seder, 111, 115, 183–184

Sefer Torah, 39

Self-consciousness, 72

Seneca, 136

Sexual relationships, 80–81

Shammai, 164, 166

Shapiro, Rabbi Kalonymous, 186

Shavuot, 172

Shechem, 81

Shekhinah (God’s indwelling presence), 168, 223

Shema, 130

Shi’ite Muslims, 16

Shmuel, 166

Simeon bar Yochai, Rabbi, 30

Simeon ben Zemah Duran, Rabbi, 172

Simon ben Shetach, 134

Six Day War (1967), 27–29

Social breakdown, 176–178

Social contract, 123, 124

Socialism, 126

Societies, emergence of, 68

Society, covenantal, 122–141

Sodom, 80–81, 101

Solomon, King, 161

Soloveitchik, Rabbi Joseph, 217–218

Song of Songs, 191

Soviet Union, 103, 177, 191

Spanish Inquisition, 22

Spanish Jewry, 15–19, 22–23, 53, 166, 193, 194, 200

Spinoza, Baruch, 225

State, theory of the, 122–125, 128

Stern, M., 157–158

Stoicism, 71–72

Succoth (Sukkot), 133, 172

Sumerians, 67–68, 131

Survival instinct, 21

Synagogues, 52, 135, 152

establishment of, 157–162, 164

Tabernacles (Sukkot), 172

Tacitus, 136

Talmud, 93, 143, 160, 165

Tel Lakhish, 133–134

Temple in Jerusalem

destruction of first, 18, 157, 159

destruction of second, 18, 141, 142, 148, 150, 153, 154, 160

Ten Commandments, 115, 117, 172

Teshuvah (return of “sinner” to God), 148–149

Third Reich, 103, 177, 191

Thirteen Principles of Faith, 172

Tigris-Euphrates valley, 67

Titus, 142

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 119

Tolstoy, Leo, 3, 36

Torah, 24, 39, 52–53, 63, 85, 88, 94, 111, 120, 128, 134–136, 139, 145, 159–161, 163, 165–168, 171, 172, 228

Tosafists, 166

Tower of Babel, 67, 92

Treblinka, 184

Tribalism, 93, 96

Trilling, Lionel, 69–70

Trust, 83, 85, 89

Twerski, Rabbi Abraham, 217

Tzedek (social or redistributive justice), 125–127, 160, 222

Tzidduk ha-din (coming to terms with suffering and loss), 102

Universalism, 93, 96

Universal literacy, 133, 134

Valladolid Synod, 166

Vespasian, Emperor, 142, 163

Volozhyn yeshivah, 218

Voltaire, 195

Walzer, Michael, 121, 139

War and Peace (Tolstoy), 3, 36

Warsaw ghetto, 186

Weber, Max, 73

Welfare state, 125, 156

Wells, H.G., 134

Wheel, invention of, 62

Why I Am a Jew (Fleg), 6, 200

Wiesel, Elie, 19, 186

Wordsworth, William, 7

Writing, invention of, 131

Wycliffe, John, 132

Yavneh, academy at, 163, 164

Yemen, 16

Yeshivah (academy), 164

Yetser hara (evil inclination), 145

Yitzhak of Berditchev, Rabbi Levi, 140

Yom ha-Shoah, 192

Yom Kippur, 144

Ziggurats, 67–68, 98