Index

abacuses, [>]

Accenture, [>], [>]

accountability, individual: big data and, [>]–[>], [>]

Acxiom, [>], [>]

airlines

Etzioni analyzes fare pricing patterns, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

flight delay predictions, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

AirSage, [>], [>]

“algorithmists,” [>]–[>]

algorithms, computer, [>]–[>], [>]

improvements in, [>]–[>]

transparency of, [>]

Alta Vista, [>]

Amazon, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

as big-data company, [>]

book reviews at, [>]–[>], [>]

collaborative filtering at, [>]–[>], [>]

data-reuse by, [>], [>]

and e-books, [>]–[>]

Amazonia (Marcus), [>]

ancient world: record-keeping in, [>]–[>]

Anderson, Chris: on “end of theory,” [>]–[>]

anonymization: big data defeats, [>]–[>], [>]

of data, [>], [>]–[>]

privacy and, [>]–[>]

antitrust regulation: big data and, [>]–[>]

AOL: fails to understand data-reuse, [>]

releases personal data, [>]–[>]

Apple, [>], [>]

and cell phone data, [>]

Arabic numerals, [>]–[>]

Arnold, Thelma, [>]–[>]

artificial intelligence: big data and, [>]–[>]

at Google, [>]

Asthmapolis, [>]

astronomy: big data in, [>]

automobiles: anti-theft systems, [>]

data-gathering by, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

automobiles, electric: big data and, [>]–[>]

IBM and, [>]–[>]

automobiles, self-driving, [>], [>], [>], [>]

Aviva, [>]–[>]

Ayres, Ian: Super Crunchers, [>]

 

Bacon, Francis, [>]

Banko, Michele, [>], [>]

Barabási, Albert-László, [>]–[>]

Barnes & Noble, [>]–[>]

Basis, [>]

Beane, Billy, [>]–[>]

Being Digital (Negroponte), [>]

Bell Labs, [>]

Berners-Lee, Tim, [>]

Bezos, Jeff, [>], [>], [>], [>]

big data. See also data; information; open data

and antitrust regulation, [>]–[>]

and artificial intelligence, [>]–[>]

in astronomy, [>]

as based on theory, [>]–[>]

and business models, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

and calculation of inflation, [>]–[>]

and causality, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

changes human perceptions, [>]

and climate change, [>]

collection and management of, [>]–[>]

in consumer loans, [>]–[>]

correlation analysis and, [>]–[>]

and creation of economic value, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

and credit card fraud, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

“dark side” of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

defeats anonymization, [>]–[>], [>]

in DNA sequencing, [>]

in e-commerce, [>]–[>]

in economic development, [>]–[>]

and electric automobiles, [>]–[>]

ethics of, [>]–[>]

exactitude and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

and explainability, [>]–[>]

in finance, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

and government regulation, [>]–[>], [>]

in health care, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

imprecision as positive feature of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

and individual accountability, [>]–[>], [>]

laws against misuse of, [>], [>]–[>]

“mindset.” See data applications

nature of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

in network theory, [>]–[>]

in oil refining, [>]

potential misuse of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

and predictive analytics, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

privacy and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

psychological effects, [>]–[>]

replaces statistical sampling, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

role of subject-area expertise in, [>]–[>]

social & economic effects of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

as source of competitive advantage, [>]–[>]

value chain, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

“big-data companies,” [>]–[>], [>]

Billion Prices Project, [>]–[>]

Bing, [>]

Binney, William, [>]

births, premature: McGregor and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Bloomberg, Michael, [>]–[>]

bookkeeping, double-entry: history of, [>]–[>]

Pacioli and, [>]–[>]

books. See also e-books

digitization & datafication of, [>]–[>]

reviews at Amazon, [>]–[>], [>]

Boston Consulting Group, [>]

Bowman, Douglas, [>]–[>]

boyd, danah, [>]

Brahe, Tycho, [>]

Brill, Eric, [>], [>]

Brin, Sergey, [>]

British Petroleum, [>]

Brynjolfsson, Erik, [>], [>]

business, online. See e-commerce

business models: big data and, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

 

cancer: cell phones and, [>]–[>]

Captcha & ReCaptcha: von Ahn invents, [>]–[>]

Cate, Fred, [>]

categorization: vs. tagging, [>]–[>]

causality: big data and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

vs. correlation, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

intuitive preference for, [>]–[>], [>]

Kahneman on, [>]

nature of, [>]–[>]

Cavallo, Alberto, [>]

cell phone data: Apple and, [>]

and geospatial location, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

in health care, [>], [>]–[>]

predicts spread of flu

privacy and, [>], [>]

reuse of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

cell phones: and cancer, [>]–[>]

censuses: data-gathering for, [>]–[>]

CERN laboratory, [>]

Chagall, Marc, [>]

ClearForest, [>]

climate change: big data and, [>]

Code for America, [>]

collaborative filtering: at Amazon, [>]–[>], [>]

at Netflix, [>]

consumer loans: big data in, [>]–[>]

consumer price index (CPI), [>]–[>]

consumer product prices: prediction of, [>]–[>], [>]

correlation: vs. causality, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

nature of, [>]–[>]

correlation analysis. See also data anaysis; predictive analytics

and big data, [>]–[>]

and credit scores, [>]

as driven by hypotheses, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

and “end of theory,” [>]–[>]

of information, [>]–[>], [>]

in marine navigation, [>]–[>]

of medical records, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

non-linear, [>]–[>]

proxies in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

of sales data, [>]

vs. scientific method, [>]–[>]

and subprime mortgage scandal (2009), [>]

of text, [>]–[>]

in video game design, [>]–[>]

Coursera, [>], [>]

Craigslist, [>]

Crawford, Kate, [>]

credit card fraud: big data and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

Kunze on, [>]

credit scores: correlation analysis and, [>]

datafication and, [>]

credit transactions: analysis of, [>]

crime prevention: predictive policing and, [>]–[>]

Crosby, Alfred, [>], [>]

Cross, Bradford, [>]–[>]

“culturomics,” [>]–[>]

 

data. See also big data; information; open data

aggregation of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

anonymization of, [>], [>]–[>]

brokering, [>]

compared to energy, [>]

decision-making driven by, [>]–[>]

depreciating value of, [>]–[>]

“dictatorship” of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

economic value of reusing, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

extensibility of, [>]–[>]

fallibility of, [>]–[>]

fetishizing of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

imprecision in processing, [>]–[>]

mining, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

misuse of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

nature of, [>]–[>]

option value of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

recombining of, [>]–[>], [>]

scale in, [>]–[>]

storage costs of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

as truth, [>], [>]

valuation of, [>]–[>]

data analysis. See also correlation analysis; predictive analytics

companies focusing on, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

vs. intuition, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

McNamara and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

data applications: companies focusing on innovations in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

“data exhaust,” [>]–[>]

data-gathering, [>], [>]–[>]

by automobiles, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

by cell phones, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

for censuses, [>]–[>]

companies focusing on, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

in election of 2008, [>]

by electrical meters, [>]–[>]

innovations by U.S. Census Bureau, [>]–[>]

notice & consent in, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

by NSA, [>]–[>]

opting out in, [>], [>]

in social sciences, [>], [>]

data intermediaries: companies functioning as, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

data, personal: corporate release of, [>]–[>]

ownership of, [>]–[>]

privacy and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

data scientists, [>]

“data tombs,” [>]

database design: exactitude in, [>]–[>], [>]

datafication: of books, [>]–[>]

and credit scores, [>]

vs. digitization, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

e-books and, [>]–[>]

by Facebook, [>], [>]

of geospatial location, [>]–[>]

and human behavior, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

as infrastructure project, [>]

measurement in, [>]

metadata in, [>]–[>]

nature of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

by social media, [>]–[>]

in stock market investment, [>]–[>]

of text, [>], [>]

touch-sensitive floor covering and, [>]

by Twitter, [>]–[>]

DataMarket, [>]

DataSift, [>]

Davenport, Thomas, [>], [>]

Decide.com, [>]–[>], [>]

decision-making: driven by data, [>]–[>], [>]

Delano, Robert, [>]

Deloitte Consulting, [>]

Derawi Biometrics, [>]

Derwent Capital, [>]

digitization: vs. datafication, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

revolution in, [>], [>], [>]

DNA sequencing: big data in, [>]

cost of, [>]

Steve Jobs and, [>]–[>], [>]

Domesday Book, [>]–[>]

Dostert, Leon, [>]

Duhigg, Charles: The Power of Habit, [>]–[>]

 

Eagle, Nathan, [>]–[>]

eBay, [>], [>]

e-books. See also books

Amazon and, [>]–[>]

and datafication, [>]–[>]

and data-reuse, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

e-commerce: big data in, [>]–[>]

economic development: big data in, [>]–[>]

education: misuse of data in, [>]

online, [>]

edX, [>]

Eisenstein, Elizabeth, [>]

Elbaz, Gil, [>]

election of 2008: data-gathering in, [>]

electrical meters: data-gathering by, [>]–[>]

energy: data compared to, [>]

Equifax, [>], [>], [>]

Eratosthenes, [>], [>]

ergonomic data: Koshimizu analyzes, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

ethics: of big data, [>]–[>]

Etzioni, Oren, [>], [>], [>], [>]

analyzes airline fare pricing patterns, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

Euclid, [>]

European Union: open data in, [>]

Evans, Philip, [>]

exactitude. See also imprecision

and big data, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

in database design, [>]–[>], [>]

and measurement, [>]–[>], [>]

necessary in sampling, [>], [>]–[>]

Excite, [>]

Experian, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

expertise, subject-area: role in big data, [>]–[>]

explainability: big data and, [>]–[>]

 

Facebook, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

data processing by, [>]

datafication by, [>], [>]

IPO by, [>]–[>]

market valuation of, [>]–[>]

uses “data exhaust,” [>]

Factual, [>]

Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO), [>], [>]

Farecast, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

finance: big data in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Fitbit, [>]

Flickr, [>]–[>]

FlightCaster.com, [>]–[>]

floor covering, touch-sensitive: and datafication, [>]

Flowers, Mike: and government use of big data, [>]–[>], [>]

flu: cell phone data predicts spread of, [>]–[>]

Google predicts spread of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

vaccine shots, [>]–[>]

FlyOnTime.us, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

Ford, Henry, [>]

Ford Motor Company, [>]–[>]

Foursquare, [>], [>]

Freakonomics (Leavitt), [>]–[>]

free will: justice based on, [>]–[>]

vs. predictive analytics, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

 

Galton, Sir Francis, [>]

Gasser, Urs, [>]

Gates, Bill, [>]

Geographia (Ptolemy), [>]

geospatial location: cell phone data and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

commercial data applications, [>]–[>]

datafication of, [>]–[>]

insurance industry uses data, [>]

UPS uses data, [>]–[>]

Germany, East: as police state, [>], [>], [>]

Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

Gnip, [>]

Goldblum, Anthony, [>]

Google, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

artificial intelligence at, [>]

as big-data company, [>]

Books project, [>]–[>]

data processing by, [>]

data-reuse by, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Flu Trends, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

gathers GPS data, [>], [>], [>]

Gmail, [>], [>]

Google Docs, [>]

and language translation, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

MapReduce, [>], [>]

maps, [>]

PageRank, [>]

page-ranking by, [>]

predicts spread of flu, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

and privacy, [>]–[>]

search-term analytics by, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

speech-recognition at, [>]–[>]

spell-checking system, [>]–[>]

Street View vehicles, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

uses “data exhaust,” [>]–[>]

uses mathematical models, [>]–[>], [>]

government: and open data, [>]–[>]

regulation and big data, [>]–[>], [>]

surveillance by, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

Graunt, John: and sampling, [>]

Great Britain: open data in, [>]

guilt by association: profiling and, [>]–[>]

Gutenberg, Johannes, [>]

 

Hadoop, [>], [>]

Hammerbacher, Jeff, [>]

Harcourt, Bernard, [>]

health care: big data in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

cell phone data in, [>], [>]–[>]

predictive analytics in, [>]–[>], [>]

Health Care Cost Institute, [>]

Hellend, Pat: “If You Have Too Much Data, Then ‘Good Enough’ Is Good Enough,” [>]

Hilbert, Martin: attempts to measure information, [>]–[>]

Hitwise, [>], [>]

Hollerith, Herman: and punch cards, [>], [>]

Hollywood films: profits predicted, [>]–[>]

Honda, [>]

Huberman, Bernardo: and social networking analysis, [>]

human behavior: datafication and, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

human perceptions: big data changes, [>]

 

IBM, [>]

and electric automobiles, [>]–[>]

founded, [>]

and language translation, [>]–[>], [>]

Project Candide, [>]–[>]

ID3, [>]

“If You Have Too Much Data, Then ‘Good Enough’ Is Good Enough” (Hellend), [>]

Import.io, [>]

imprecision. See also exactitude

in data-processing, [>]–[>]

nature of, [>]–[>]

as positive feature of big data, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

and scale, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

and truth, [>]

In Retrospect (McNamara), [>]

inflation: big data and calculation of, [>]–[>]

information. See also big data; data; open data

analysis of, [>]–[>], [>]

as basis of the universe, [>]–[>]

growth in amount of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

Hilbert attempts to measure, [>]–[>]

history of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

innovations in processing technology, [>]–[>]

laws for use of, [>]

qualitative changes in, [>]

world total, [>]

“information society,” [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

Infoseek, [>]

InfoSpace, [>]

Inrix: traffic-pattern analysis by, [>]–[>], [>]

insurance industry: predictive analytics in, [>]–[>]

uses geospatial location data, [>]

International Meridian Conference (Washington, 1884), [>]

International Organization for Standards (ISO), [>]

Internet: privacy and, [>]–[>]

Internet Movie Database, [>]

intuition: vs. data analysis, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

iPhone, [>]

Iraq War: predictive analytics in, [>]

ITA Software, [>], [>], [>], [>]

iTrem, [>]

 

James, Bill, [>]

Jana, [>]

Japanese-Americans: internment of (1942), [>]

Jawbone, [>]

Jetpac, [>]

Jobs, Steve, [>]–[>]

and DNA sequencing, [>]–[>], [>]

Jonas, Jeff, [>]

justice: based on free will, [>]–[>]

 

Kaggle, [>]–[>], [>]

Kahneman, Daniel: on causality, [>]

Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord, [>]

Kennedy, Len, [>]

Kennedy, Ted, [>], [>]

Khandelwal, Shashank, [>]–[>]

Kindle e-book reader, [>], [>]–[>]

Kinnard, Douglas: The War Managers, [>]

Koshimizu, Shigeomi: analyzes ergonomic data, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

Kunze, John: on credit card fraud, [>]

 

Laney, Doug, [>], [>], [>]

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, [>]

laws: against misuse of big data, [>], [>]–[>]

protecting privacy, [>], [>]

for use of information, [>]

Leavitt, Stephen: Freakonomics, [>]–[>]

Levis, Jack, [>]–[>]

Lewis, Michael: Moneyball, [>]

lexicology, computational, [>]

Linden, Greg, [>]–[>]

LinkedIn, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

Luther, Martin, [>]

Lytro camera, [>]–[>]

 

machine learning, [>], [>]

machine translation. See translation, language

manhole covers, exploding, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

mapmaking, [>]

Marcken, Carl de, [>]

Marcus, James: Amazonia, [>]

MarketPsych, [>]–[>]

MasterCard, [>]

mathematical models: Google uses, [>]–[>], [>]

search engines and, [>]–[>]

Maury, Matthew Fontaine: The Physical Geography of the Sea, [>]–[>]

revolutionizes marine navigation, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

Mayer, Marissa, [>]

McGregor, Carolyn: and premature births, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

McKinsey Global Institute, [>], [>]

McNamara, Robert: and data analysis, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

as defense secretary, [>]

In Retrospect, [>]

measurement: in datafication, [>], [>]–[>]

exactitude and, [>]–[>], [>]

mechanical & structural failure: predictive analytics in, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

media, online: Prismatic analyzes, [>]–[>]

medical records: correlation analysis of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

Medici family, [>]

MedStar Washington Hospital Center (Washington, D.C.), [>]–[>], [>]

Mercator, Gerardus, [>], [>]

Merrill, Douglas, [>]–[>]

messiness. See imprecision

MetaCrawler, [>]

metadata: in datafication, [>]–[>]

metric system, [>]

Microsoft, [>], [>], [>]

Amalga software, [>]–[>], [>]

and data-valuation, [>]

and language translation, [>]

Word spell-checking system, [>]–[>]

Minority Report [film], [>]–[>], [>]

Moneyball [film], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Moneyball (Lewis), [>]

Moore’s Law, [>]

Mydex, [>]

 

nanotechnology: and qualitative changes, [>]

Nash, Bruce, [>]

nations: big data and competitive advantage among, [>]–[>]

natural language processing, [>]

navigation, marine: correlation analysis in, [>]–[>]

Maury revolutionizes, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

Negroponte, Nicholas: Being Digital, [>]

Netbot, [>]

Netflix, [>]

collaborative filtering at, [>]

data-reuse by, [>]

releases personal data, [>]

Netherlands: comprehensive civil records in, [>]–[>]

network analysis, [>]

network theory, [>]

big data in, [>]–[>]

New York City: exploding manhole covers in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

government data-reuse in, [>]–[>]

New York Times, [>]–[>]

Next Jump, [>]

Neyman, Jerzy: on statistical sampling, [>]

Ng, Andrew, [>]

1984 (Orwell), [>], [>]

Norvig, Peter, [>]

“The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data,” [>]

Nuance: fails to understand data-reuse, [>]–[>]

numerical systems: history of, [>]–[>]

 

Oakland Athletics, [>]–[>]

Obama, Barack: on open data, [>]

Och, Franz Josef, [>]

Ohm, Paul: on privacy, [>]

oil refining: big data in, [>]

ombudsmen, [>]

Omidyar, Pierre, [>]

open data. See also big data; data; information

in European Union, [>]

government and, [>]–[>]

in Great Britain, [>]

Obama on, [>]

public nature of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

World Bank and, [>]

Open Data Institute, [>]

Open Knowledge Foundation, [>]

O’Reilly, Tim, [>]

Orwell, George: 1984, [>], [>]

 

Pacioli, Luca: and double-entry bookkeeping, [>]–[>]

Page, Larry, [>]

Palfrey, John, [>]

Parise, Brian, [>]

parole boards: use predictive analytics, [>]

Pasteur, Louis: and rabies vaccine, [>]–[>]

“PayPal Mafia,” [>]

Pearl, Judea, [>]

Pentland, Sandy, [>], [>]

Physical Geography of the Sea, The (Maury), [>]–[>]

Picasso, Pablo, [>]

Pinterest, [>]

police: use predictive analytics, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

police state: East Germany as, [>], [>], [>]

Power of Habit, The (Duhigg), [>]–[>]

precision. See exactitude

predictive analytics, [>], [>]. See also correlation analysis; data analysis

big data and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

Department of Homeland Security uses, [>]

vs. free will, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

in health care, [>]–[>], [>]

in insurance industry, [>]–[>]

in Iraq War, [>]

in mechanical & structural failure, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

parole boards use, [>]

police use, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

in profiling, [>]

punishment based on, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

in sports, [>]–[>], [>]

by Target, [>]–[>]

and terrorism, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

by UPS, [>]

predictive policing, [>]

and crime prevention, [>]–[>]

price-prediction: for consumer products, [>]–[>], [>]

PriceStats, [>]

printing press: socioeconomic effects of, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

Prismatic: analyzes online media, [>]–[>]

privacy: and anonymization, [>]–[>]

and big data, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

and cell phone data, [>], [>]

Google and, [>]–[>]

and Internet, [>]–[>]

laws protecting, [>], [>]

and notice & consent, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

Ohm on, [>]

and opting out, [>], [>]

and personal data, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

profiling: and guilt by association, [>]–[>]

predictive analytics in, [>]

progress: as concept, [>]–[>]

Project Gutenberg, [>]

proxies: in correlation analysis, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Ptolemy: Geographia, [>]

public health: reporting system limitations, [>]–[>]

punch cards: Hollerith and, [>], [>]

punishment: based on predictive analytics, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

 

quality control: statistical sampling in, [>]

Quantcast, [>]

quantification. See measurement

“quantified self” movement, [>]

quantum physics, [>]

 

rabies vaccine: Pasteur and, [>]–[>]

randomness: needed in statistical sampling, [>]–[>]

real estate: regulation of illegal conversions, [>]–[>]

reality mining, [>]–[>]

record-keeping: in the ancient world, [>]–[>]

Reuters, [>]

Rigobon, Roberto, [>]

Roadnet Technologies, [>]

Rolls-Royce, [>]

Roman numerals, [>]–[>]

Rudin, Cynthia, [>], [>]

Rudin, Ken, [>]

 

sabermetrics, [>]

Saddam Hussein: trial of, [>]

Salathé, Marcel, [>]–[>]

sales data: analysis of, [>], [>], [>], [>]

Salesforce.com, [>]

sampling, statistical: big data replaces, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

exactitude necessary in, [>], [>]–[>]

Graunt and, [>]

limitations inherent in, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Neyman on, [>]

in quality control, [>]

randomness needed in, [>]–[>]

scale in, [>]

Silver on, [>]

scale: in data, [>]–[>]

imprecision and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

qualitative functions of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

in statistical sampling, [>]

scientific method: vs. correlation analysis, [>]–[>]

Scott, James: Seeing Like a State, [>]

search engines: and mathematical models, [>]–[>]

search terms: analysis and reuse of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

Seeing Like a State (Scott), [>]

Sense Networks, [>], [>]

sentiment analysis, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

Silver, Nate: on statistical sampling, [>]

Skyhook, [>]

Sloan Digital Sky Survey, [>]

Smith, Adam, [>]

social media: datafication by, [>]–[>]

social networking analysis: Huberman and, [>]

social sciences: data-gathering in, [>], [>]

Society for American Baseball Research, [>]

speech-recognition: at Google, [>]–[>]

spell-checking systems: and data-reuse, [>]–[>]

sports: predictive analytics in, [>]–[>], [>]

Stasi, [>], [>], [>]

statisticians: demand for, [>], [>]

statistics: military use of, [>]

stock market investment: datafication in, [>]–[>]

subprime mortgage scandal (2009): correlation analysis and, [>]

sumo wrestling: corruption in, [>]–[>], [>]

Sunlight Foundation, [>]

Super Crunchers (Ayres), [>]

surveillance: by government, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

SWIFT: data-reuse by, [>]

 

tagging: vs. categorization, [>]–[>]

Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, [>]

Target: predictive analytics by, [>]–[>]

Telefonica Digital Insights, [>]

Teradata, [>], [>], [>]

terrorism: predictive analytics and, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

text: correlation analysis of, [>]–[>]

datafication of, [>], [>]

The-Numbers.com: predicts Hollywood film profitability, [>]–[>]

Thomson Reuters, [>]

traffic-pattern analysis: by Inrix, [>]–[>], [>]

translation, language, [>]

Google and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

IBM and, [>]–[>], [>]

Microsoft and, [>]

transparency: of algorithms, [>]

truth: data as, [>], [>]

imprecision and, [>]

23andMe, [>]

Twitter, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

as big-data company, [>], [>]–[>]

data processing by, [>]

datafication by, [>]–[>]

message analysis by, [>]

 

Udacity, [>]

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system, [>]

universe: information as basis of, [>]–[>]

“Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data, The” (Norvig), [>]

UPS: predictive analytics by, [>]

uses geospatial location data, [>]–[>]

UPS Logistics Technologies, [>]

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, [>]

U.S. Census Bureau: data-gathering innovations by, [>]–[>]

U.S. Centers for Disease Control: reporting system limitations, [>]–[>]

U.S. Department of Homeland Security, [>]

uses predictive analytics, [>]

U.S. National Security Agency (NSA): data-gathering by, [>]–[>]

U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, [>]

 

value, economic: big data and creation of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

of reusing data, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

Varian, Hal, [>]

video game design: correlation analysis in, [>]–[>]

Vietnam War: data misused in, [>], [>]–[>]

Visa, [>]

von Ahn, Luis: invents Captcha & ReCaptcha, [>]–[>]

 

Walmart, [>]

analyzes sales data, [>], [>], [>], [>]

merchandising innovations by, [>]–[>]

War Managers, The (Kinnard), [>]

Warden, Pete, [>]

Watts, Duncan, [>]

Weinberger, David, [>]

Wikipedia, [>]

Windows Azure Marketplace, [>]

World Bank, [>]

and open data, [>]

 

Xoom, [>]–[>]

 

Yahoo, [>], [>], [>]

YouTube: data processing by, [>]

 

Zeo, [>]

ZestFinance, [>]–[>]

Zillow, [>]

Zuckerberg, Mark, [>], [>]

Zynga, [>]–[>]