Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
abdication, 18
absolutism, 3, 48, 50–51, 54, 59, 67, 96–97, 113–14, 123–24, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
Adam, 44
adultery, 29-30, 123–36
advisers, 124–25, 127, 130, 135, 172
Afghanistan, 26
agents provocateurs, 10–11
aggression, 24–25, 28–31, 53-54, 155, 162, 164-65, 173-75
agriculture, 156–57, 158, 159–62
Albany, Duke of, 115, 120, 140–43
allies, 66–83, 85–90, 102, 113, 179–80, 186
altruism, 140, 149-50, 152
ambition, 35, 53–54, 58, 59–60, 66, 67–69, 74, 76, 80–81, 83, 84, 98–100, 106, 146–47, 150–51, 186
Angelo, 3
anger, 28–29, 34, 39, 47, 50, 87, 96, 115–17, 121–22, 123, 125, 128, 129, 142, 147, 166, 177–78, 181–82
Anne Neville, Queen of England, 64, 76–77, 80–81, 85, 89
Antigonus, 128, 130, 131
Antium, 179, 181
Antony, 88, 152, 153
Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 13
anxiety, 97–98, 103, 186
Apollo, 127, 133, 134
arbitrary rule, 2, 127
aristocracy, 24–29, 32–34, 38, 45–46, 58, 85, 114, 157–62, 167–68
arrests, 2–3, 184
arrogance, 2, 53, 58, 170, 175–77
assassinations, 6, 7, 9–11, 16, 18–21, 69–73, 96, 151–54, 182, 187
attendants, 98, 101
audience, 15, 18, 20–21, 39, 43–44, 52, 57, 82–83, 134–35, 137, 144, 184–86, 188
Aufidias, Tullius, 179, 181
authoritarianism, 3, 113–14, 123–24, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
authority, 58, 96–97, 129–30
autocrats, 113–14, 123–24
Babington, Anthony, 10–11, 13
Bacon, Francis, 193n–94n
Ball, John, 44–45
banishment, 18, 139, 147, 169, 176–79
Banquo, 101–4, 106–7
battle scars, 163–64, 168, 171, 176
breast-feeding, 163
Beaufort, Cardinal, 30, 33
beheadings, 11, 77–79
“benefit of clergy,” 43–44
betrayal, 2–3, 10–11, 16–17, 21–23, 30, 41–42, 67–73, 77–79, 84, 88, 92–93, 97–100, 121–22, 131–35, 143–44, 177–82, 184–85, 193n
bin Laden, Osama, 11
Birnam Wood, 111
Blackheath, 37
Boétie, Étienne de La, 68
Bohemia, 14, 123
Bolingbroke, Henry, see Henry IV, King of England
“Bond of Association,” 10–11
Bosworth Field, Battle of, 92–95
Brabantio, 62
Brakenbury, Robert, 76
Brownists, 12
Brutus (Coriolanus), 169–71, 173
Brutus (Julius Caesar), 93, 148–54, 188
Buchanan, George, 1
Buckingham, Duke of, 68, 75, 77–78, 85–88, 102, 139–40, 146
bullies, 54, 66–67, 99, 166, 182
Burbage, Richard, 82
bureaucracies, 128, 185, 186–87
Cade, Jack, 3, 36–50, 160
Caesar, Julius, 3, 88, 147–54
Cambodia, 45
Camillo, 123, 124–25, 126, 128, 131, 133
capital punishment, 11, 16–17, 23, 43–44, 68, 69–73, 77–80, 88–89, 139–40, 157, 169, 175, 183–84, 185
career politicians, 169, 182
Cassius, 88, 148, 150, 151, 152, 154
Catesby, 68, 74, 75, 85, 86, 89–90, 92
Catholic Church, 6–15, 183, 193n
Cecil, Robert, 16–17, 18
censorship, 13, 183–85
chaos, 47–48, 59, 186–87
childbirth, 110, 125
childhood, 55–57, 62–65, 168
children, 55–57, 62–65, 66, 69, 77, 85–88, 89, 125, 165–66, 168
Christianity, 5, 6–15, 183, 193n
Cicero, 151
citizens, 77–78, 160-61, 172, 182
“city comedies,” 13–14
civilization, 165–66, 173–74, 186–87
civil war, 24–27, 33–34, 47–53, 55, 93–94, 174–75
Clarence, George, Duke of, 52, 60, 64, 69–73, 76–77
class conflict, 34, 43–46, 155–62, 167–70, 177–79
clerks, 40–41
code, 3, 10
Cominius, 180
command performances, 17–23
commodity trading, 184–85
common good, 53–54, 149–50, 172–73, 178, 187–88
common lands, 156
common people, 143–46, 157–62, 167–69, 177–79, 188–89
commonwealths, 18, 28, 178
complicity, 1–2, 66–83, 85–90, 102, 113, 179–80, 186
compromise, 25–26, 101, 153, 166–68, 180
confessions, 17, 41, 78
confidence men, 60–61
consent, 85–88
conspiracies, 9–12, 15–23, 30–31, 33, 77–80, 97–100, 125–27, 128, 141, 151–52, 182, 188
constables, 156
consuls, 167, 169, 170–74, 177–78
contracts, 40
Cordelia, 115, 116–17, 118, 122–23, 140–44
Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 3, 13, 119, 155–82, 188–89
Coriolanus, Caius Martius, 3, 119, 155–82, 188–89
Corioles, 159
Cornwall, Duke of, 115, 120, 140, 141, 143–45
corruption, 18, 30, 31–32, 84
coups d’état, 15–23
courtiers, 130, 135
see also royal courts
court records, 45
cowards, 26, 124, 158
crime, 8, 9, 32, 85–88, 91, 107–8, 113, 132
criminality, 85–88, 107–8, 113
Cromer, James, 45–46
cruelty, 45–46, 48, 53, 61, 66, 68, 142, 166, 189
Cupid, 194n
current events, 3–4, 13–14, 21–23, 155–57, 183–89, 193n–95n
Cymbeline (Shakespeare), 5
cynicism, 54, 61, 66, 68
death penalty, 11, 16–17, 23, 43–44, 68, 69–73, 77–80, 88–89, 139–40, 157, 169, 175, 183–84, 185
decency, 50, 124, 131, 141, 165–66
deception, 37–38, 40, 60–61, 63, 66, 67, 69, 76, 77–79, 84, 85–88, 100–101, 131, 175–77
Declaration of the Practises and Treasons. . . by Robert Late Earle of Essex (Bacon), 194n–95n
deformities, 55–57, 59, 60, 65, 75, 94–95, 96
Dekker, Thomas, 194n
Delphos, 127, 133
delusions, 50, 72, 84, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 133, 165–66
demagogues, 35–52, 151–54, 170, 186, 188–89
democracy, 48, 151–54, 168–74, 176, 178, 182, 183
deniability, 18–19
destructiveness, 54, 57, 103–4, 134–35
dictators, 39–40, 48, 68
diplomacy, 85
displacement, 13–14
distrust, 100–101, 123–25, 142
divine power, 57
Dorset, 138
double agents, 10–11
Dover, 144, 145
drama, 13, 17–23, 24, 68–69, 92–93, 95, 137, 183–89
dreams, 71–73, 75, 85, 92, 105–6, 108
Duncan, 96, 101, 103–4, 110
Dunsinane, 111
dynasties, 38, 40, 48–50, 55
Edgar, 141, 142
Edmund, 122, 140–41, 142, 145
education, 40–44, 45
Edward III, King of England, 33, 195n
Edward IV, King of England, 49–50, 57–59, 63, 64, 70, 89, 146
Edward V, King of England, 85–88
Egeus, 62
elderly, 113–23
elections, 4, 14, 39–40, 76–77, 80, 167, 169, 170–74, 176, 185
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 2, 5–23, 77, 183, 193n–94n
Elizabethan drama, 13, 17–23, 24, 68–69, 92–93, 95, 137, 183–89
Elizabeth Woodville, Queen Consort of England, 64, 138
Ely, Bishop of, 75
emotional control, 96–97
empathy, 166
enablers, 1–2, 66–83, 85–90, 102, 113, 186
enclosures, 156
enemies, 24–25, 28–31, 48, 54, 73–79, 85, 94–95, 98, 102, 137–38, 151–54, 163, 179–80
entitlement, 53–54, 105, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 165–66
Ephesus, 14
Epicurus, 151
“equivocation,” 7
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 15–23, 194n–95n
Eve, 44
excommunication, 9
executions, 11, 16–17, 23, 43–44, 68, 69–73, 77–80, 88–89, 139–40, 157, 169, 175, 183–84, 185
exile, 118, 139, 147, 169, 176–79
Exton, 19–20
extrajudicial murder, 77–79
extremism, 6–15
factions, 16, 24–34, 47–52, 160–62, 167–82, 186
fame, 162–64
family, 48–49, 62, 69–71, 85, 115–16, 119
famine, 159–62, 172–73
father-daughter relationships, 115–23, 127–33, 135, 141–42
father-son relationships, 62, 163
Father Time, 134–35
fear, 66–67, 96–98, 100–101, 103, 106–7
fees, 18, 23
Felton, John, 183
feudalism, 26, 145
financial regulations, 159–60
fiscal policies, 157–58
flattery, 114, 119–20
Flavius, 147
Fleance, 102–3, 104, 106
folio versions, 79–80, 193n
food shortages, 156–62, 172–73
Fool, 118–19
foreign rivalries, 41–42
France, 6, 14–15, 20, 29, 41–42, 46, 47, 49, 140, 143–44, 183
freedom, 1, 44–45, 148–49, 153–54
friendships, 102, 150–51
gallows, 44
Gandhi, Mohandas K., 68
genetic studies, 93–94
Gerard, John, 193n
ghosts, 106–7, 154
Globe Theatre, 17–23
Gloucester, Earl of, 62, 114, 141, 144, 145
Gloucester, Richard, Duke of, see Richard III, King of England
God, 7, 9, 57, 138–39, 185
Goneril, 115, 116–19, 120, 140, 141, 145
Goths, 138
governance, 1–2, 11, 85, 116, 155, 176–77, 186–87
grain hoarding, 156, 159-61
grandeur, delusions of, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 165–66
Cade rebellion in, 3, 36–50, 160
civil war in, 24–27, 33–34, 47–52
economic conditions in, 35–36, 37, 40
Elizabethan period of, 2, 5–23, 77, 183, 193n–94n
Essex insurrection in, 15–23, 194n–95n
food shortages in, 156–57
foreign rivalries of, 41–42
legal statutes in, 2–3, 21, 43–44
Midlands of, 156–57
monarchy of, 113–16, 140–44; see also specific monarchs
nobility in, 24–29
Parliament of, 26, 30, 39–40, 116, 182
peasant’s revolts in, 36–50, 156–57
pre-Christian, 5, 14
Protestantism in, 6–15, 183
royal court of, 16–17, 24–25, 28, 74, 114–16, 130–31
Tudor period of, 55
Wars of the Roses in, 24–30, 33–37, 47–53, 55, 93–94
Greece, 14, 150
Gregory XIII, Pope, 9
grief, 69, 141–42
guilt, 71, 100–101
halberds, 94
Hamlet, 68, 82, 93, 150
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 68, 150
hangings, 11, 23, 43–44, 157, 175
harvests, 155–56
Hastings, Lord, 68, 73–79
hatred, 62–65, 80–82, 85, 138
Henry IV, King of England, 18–20
Henry IV, Part 1 (Shakespeare), 62
Henry IV, Part 2 (Shakespeare), 4, 28, 62
Henry V, King of England, 14–15, 17, 20
Henry V (Shakespeare), 13, 14–15, 17, 20, 22, 194n
Henry VI, King of England, 24–34, 47, 49–53, 55, 63–64, 77, 80
Henry VI, Part 1 (Shakespeare), 24–34, 53, 62
Henry VI, Part 2 (Shakespeare), 24–34, 53, 58–59, 62
Henry VI, Part 3 (Shakespeare), 24–34, 47–50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 62
Henry VIII, King of England, 2, 132
hereditary monarchies, 76–77
heresy, 9, 183–85
Hermione, 123–36
heroes, 145–46
historical events, 3–4, 5, 13–14, 21, 55, 76, 155–56
History of King Richard III, The (More), 76
Homeland, 13
“Homilies on Obedience,” 185
hope, 88–89, 98, 102, 105, 110, 118, 141, 165, 187
horses, 94, 139, 157
hostages, 139–40
How Shakespeare Put Politics on the Stage (Lake), 194n
humiliation, 94, 111–12
humiliation injuries, 94
humor, 54, 61, 66, 68, 81–82, 84
Humphrey, Duke, 24–25, 28, 30–32, 33, 35, 47
hypocrisy, 31–32
ideals, 152–53, 188
ideology, 174
Ides of March, 152
illiteracy, 40–44, 45, 78–79, 85
Illyria, 14
imaginary figures, 3
immorality, 2, 53, 56–57, 60, 71, 81–82, 96–97, 100, 105–6, 108, 189
“imperial votress,” 194n
impotence, 98–99
imprisonment, 2–3
income disparities, 159–60
indignation, 132–33
Induction (Henry IV, Part 2) (Shakespeare), 4
informants, 3, 74-75
inheritance, 115–17
innocence, 29-30, 63, 66, 104, 110, 120, 132-33, 135
Inns of Court, 39
institutions, 5, 27–28, 39–41, 116, 131–32, 173–74, 186–87
intelligence, 54, 61, 64–65, 66, 68, 106–7
interrogations, 143–46, 193n
Ireland, 15–16, 20, 47
Isle of Dogs, The (Nashe and Jonson), 2–3
isolation, 92–93, 96, 109–10, 142, 150
James I, King of England, 183
jealousy, 132–35
Jesuits, 8–9, 12
Jonson, Ben, 2–3, 184, 188
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 3, 88, 147–54
justice, 41–44, 131–34, 152–53, 189
justices of the peace, 43
Keeper of the Rolls and Records, 22
Kent, Earl of, 115, 117, 118, 121, 147, 156–57
King Lear (Shakespeare), 5, 32, 62, 113–23, 127, 140–46, 147, 186
Kremlin, 178
Kyd, Thomas, 184
kyphosis, 56
Lake, Peter, 194n
Lambarde, William, 22
Lancastrians, 24–27, 33–34, 47–53, 55, 93–94
landlords, 156–57
lawyers, 39–40, 45
leadership, 35, 39, 50, 85, 128, 138, 142–43, 188–89
Lear, King, 62, 113–23, 140–46, 186
legal documents, 77–79
legal standards, 2–3, 19, 21, 25, 27, 39–44, 45, 47, 53, 77–79, 118, 143–45, 193n–94n, 195n
legal statutes, 2–3, 21, 43–44
legitimacy, 24–27, 33–34, 47–53, 55, 93–94, 101, 113
Leicester, 93–94
Leicester, University of, 94
Leicestershire, 156
Leonato, 62
Leontes, King, 3, 123–36
liberty, 1, 44–45, 148–49, 153–54
lies, 37–38, 40, 60–61, 63, 66, 67, 69, 76, 77–79, 84, 85–88, 100–101, 131, 175–77
Lieutenant of the Tower, 76
life imprisonment, 17
literacy, 40–44, 45, 78–79, 85
London, 11, 14–15, 20, 37, 39, 41–42, 77–80, 85, 184–85
loneliness, 92–93, 96, 109–10, 142, 150
Lord Chamberlain’s Servants, 17–23
Lord Keeper, 11
Lord Mayor, 77–80, 85
Lord Protector, 24–25, 28, 30–32, 33, 35, 47
love, 33, 50, 56-58, 62, 72, 81, 92-93, 99, 101, 110, 114-15, 120, 135, 140, 147
Lovell, Francis, 75
lower classes, 33, 34, 35–52, 76
loyalty, 53, 85–88, 97, 116–17, 118, 123–24, 139–40, 178–82
Lucius, 138
Macbeth, 3, 93, 96–112, 113, 140, 187, 188
Macbeth, Lady, 98–100, 103–4, 107–9, 188
Macbeth (Shakespeare), 3, 5, 93, 96–112, 113, 139, 140, 142, 143, 187, 188
Macduff, 108, 109, 111–12, 140, 142
madness, 106–7, 109, 113–36, 147, 186, 187
Malcolm, 139, 140, 143
Mamillius, 125, 128, 134, 136
manhood, 99, 176
Manningham, John, 82
Margaret, Queen of England, 29, 30, 33, 49, 50, 63–64
marketplaces, 171–72, 176
Marlowe, Christopher, 184
marriage, 49, 80, 89, 91–92, 103–4, 107–9
martyrs, 124
Mary, Queen of Scots, 8, 10, 11, 13
masochism, 176
massacres, 162
mass media, 94, 95
maturity, 115–16, 165–66
Measure for Measure (Shakespeare), 3
Menenius Agrippa, 160, 163–64, 170, 174, 179–80
mental instability, 106–7, 109, 113–36, 147, 186, 187
Meyrick, Gelly, 17–23, 194n–95n
Midas, 13
Midland Revolt (1607), 156–57
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A (Shakespeare), 62, 194n
midwives, 55–56, 61
military abilities, 14–15, 91–98, 111–12, 122–23, 138–39, 140–42, 155–82
minor characters, 12–13, 143–46, 189
misogyny, 92, 99
mob rule, 33, 34, 35–52, 76, 147–48, 151–54, 157–62, 167–84, 186, 188–89
monarchies, 1–12, 14, 18–20, 24, 28, 29–30, 33, 38, 48–51, 59–60, 62, 66, 69–71, 74, 76–77, 86, 102–3, 110, 113–23, 134–35, 139, 140–46, 148, 183–85, 186, 193n–95n
see also specific monarchs
moneylending, 184–85
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 68
moral values, 2, 28–29, 47, 53, 56–57, 60, 71, 81–82, 96–97, 100, 105–6, 108, 143–45, 148–53, 165–66, 189
More, Thomas, 55, 76, 185
mortal sin, 9
mother-son relationships, 62, 162–65, 174–75, 180–81, 188–89
motivation, 99–100, 150, 176, 189
“mouth-honor,” 110–11, 114–15, 138
Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare), 62
murder, 9–10, 18–21, 30–31, 33, 43–46, 53, 59–60, 63, 68, 69–73, 76–80, 85–89, 97–98, 100–105, 110, 138, 139, 140–41
Murellus, 147
narcissism, 53–54, 105, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 165–66
Nashe, Thomas, 2–3, 184
national security, 13, 76
nativism, 46
Nazi Germany, 139
neonatal teeth, 55
Netherlands, 6
neutrality, 25–26
nightmares, 71–73, 75, 85, 92, 105–6, 108
nobility, 24–29, 32–34, 38, 45, 58, 114
Norfolk, Duke of, 75, 89
Normandy, 42
Northamptonshire, 156
Notes upon a Libel (Bacon), 193n–94n
obedience, 3–4, 46, 53, 58, 66–67, 68, 75, 85–88, 89, 97, 113–16, 121–22, 138, 165, 185
Oberon, 194n
oblique language, 2–23, 183–89
omens, 73–74, 101, 151
O’Neill, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, 15–16
oracles, 127, 133, 134
order, 47–48, 59, 156–57, 186–88
Othello (Shakespeare), 62
pamphlets, 183
papacy, 8–9, 183
papal bulls, 183
Parliament, British, 26, 30, 39–40, 116, 182
parricide, 139
patricians, 157–62, 167–70, 177–79
patriotism, 3–4, 14–15, 50
Paulina, 125, 127–33, 135
peace treaties, 180–81
peasant revolts, 36–50, 156–57
Perdita, 131
Perrot, John, 11
Philippi, Battle of, 154
physical deformities, 55–57, 59, 60, 65, 75, 94–95, 96
piety, 76
pillories, 11
Pius V, Pope, 9
Plantagenet dynasty, 38, 40
playhouse receipts, 184–85
plebians, 157–62, 167–69, 177–79
plots, 9–12, 15–23, 30–31, 33, 77–80, 97–100, 125–27, 128, 141, 151–52, 182, 188
Plutarch, 155
plutocrats, 167–70
police, 186
political factions, 16, 24–34, 47–52, 160–62, 167–82, 186
politics (current events), 3–4, 13–14, 21–23, 155–57, 183–89, 193n–95n
Polixenes, 123, 126, 128, 133, 134
Pol Pot, 45
Pompey, 147
popular celebrations, 14–15
popularity, 3–4, 15, 18, 20–21, 113–14, 184–86
populism, 33, 34, 35–52, 76, 147–48, 151–54, 157–62, 167–84, 186, 188–89
Portia, 152
poverty, 35–36, 37, 40, 45, 156–59, 167, 168–69, 172–73, 186
power:
absolute, 3, 48, 50–51, 54, 59, 67, 96–97, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
divine, 57
limitations of, 24, 28, 29–30, 39–40, 50–51
political, 30–32, 34, 39–43, 47–48
seizure of, 28, 34, 84–95, 172
territorial, 120–21
trust and, 31–32, 67, 69–73, 100–101, 123–25, 142
vacuum in, 24–25
prayers, 138–39
Prerogative of Parlaments [sic] in England, The (Ralegh), 194n
price levels, 156
“priests’ holes,” 10
prisons, 14, 17, 45, 122–23, 127, 131–32, 140, 184, 189
Privy Council, 16, 23, 116
propaganda, 20, 101
property, 156–57, 158
prophesies, 96–97, 99, 101, 108
Prospero, 62
protective detention, 8
Protestantism, 6–15, 183
psychopathology, 1–2, 55, 56, 58–61, 64–65, 67, 73, 92–93, 96–97, 98, 100, 101, 102–36, 154, 162–66, 175–76, 182
public figures, 4, 14, 38–40, 47–48, 76–77, 80, 167, 169, 170–74, 176, 185
public good, 53–54, 149–50, 178, 187–88
public health, 173
punishment, 143–46, 183–85, 189, 193n
Puritans, 12, 183
quarto versions, 56, 79–80, 83, 193n
radiocarbon dating, 93–94
rage, 28–29, 34, 39, 47, 50, 54, 87, 96, 115–17, 121–22, 123, 125, 128, 129, 142, 147, 166, 177–78, 181–82
Ralegh, Walter, 12, 16, 18, 194n
Rape of Lucrece, The (Shakespeare), 15
Ratcliffe, Richard, 75, 85, 89–90, 92
real estate, 184–85
realism, 137–38, 150, 184–85
rebellions, 3, 15–23, 36–50, 156–57, 160
reconciliation, 137, 140–46
Reformation, 8–9
Regan, 115, 116–19, 120, 140–41, 143, 144–45
regents, 29–30
see also monarchy
religion, 5, 6–15, 57, 76, 135–39, 183–84, 185, 193n
Renaissance, 144
repentance, 135–36
republicanism, 151–54
resistance, 68, 132–33, 137, 139–40, 146–54, 172, 180, 189
responsibility, 115–16, 165–66
revenge, 128, 131, 132–33
Reynolds, John (“Captain Pouch”), 156–57
rhetoric, 42–43
Richard II, King of England, 18–21
Richard II (Shakespeare), 13, 17–23, 143
Richard III, King of England, 3, 5, 51, 52, 53–95, 96, 101, 106, 110, 113, 119, 138–40, 185
Richard III (Shakespeare), 3, 5, 13, 52, 53–95, 96, 110, 106, 110, 113, 119, 138–40, 142, 146, 185
Richmond, Earl of, 92, 138–39, 140, 143
“right-hand file,” 157, 162, 167
rituals, 114
rivals, 54, 74, 84, 85–88, 94–95, 96, 101, 102–4, 138–39
romances, 137
Romeo, 82
Ross, Thane of, 107
royal courts, 16–17, 24–25, 28, 74, 114–16, 130–31
Rumor, 4
rumors, 4, 11, 12–13
Russia, 178
ruthlessness, 85–90, 140–41
Rutland, Duke of, 62
safety net, 172–73
sarcasm, 54, 61, 66, 68
Saturninus, 3
Saye, Lord, 41–46
scaffolds, 17
Scotland, 3, 5, 8, 14, 101, 139, 187
scribes, 40–41, 78–79, 85
sedition, 2–3, 184–85, 193n–95n
seduction, 81–82
self-control, 115–16, 165–66
self-image, 53–54, 57, 58, 61, 64–65, 92, 96, 103, 105, 108, 110–11, 117–20, 121–22, 124, 150, 162–66, 175–76
self-interest, 1–2, 74–75, 87–88, 153–54, 168–69
selfishness, 53–54, 105, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 165–66
self-reflection, 92-93, 150
self-reliance, 172–73
Senate, Roman, 167–73, 178
senility, 123
servants, 143–46, 189
sexual predators, 54, 57–58, 60–61, 80–81, 91–92, 96, 98–99
Shakespeare, William:
audience of, 15, 18, 20–21, 39, 43–44, 52, 57, 82–83, 134–35, 137, 144, 184–86, 188
career of, 92–93, 123, 137–38, 147, 186–88
collaborations of, 24
death of, 80
as dramatist, 13, 17–23, 24, 68–69, 92–93, 95, 137, 183–89
legends about, 82
oblique language of, 2–23, 183–89
political convictions of, 17–18, 22–23, 150, 183–89
popularity of, 3–4, 15, 18, 20–21, 113–14, 184–86
as realist, 137–38, 150, 184–85
religious background of, 9, 183–84
theater companies of, 13, 17–23, 184–85
tyrants as viewed by, 1–2, 43, 52, 53–65, 87, 92–93, 95, 96, 103, 105, 110–11, 137–38, 147, 150, 151–54, 183–89
wealth of, 18, 23, 184–85
Shakespeare, William, plays of:
acting in, 80–83, 142–43
audience for, 15, 18, 20–21, 39, 43–44, 52, 57, 82–83, 134–35, 137, 144, 184–86, 188
characterization in, 35, 53–65, 92–93
command performances of, 17–23
court performances of, 22–23
current events (politics) in, 3–4, 13–14, 21–23, 155–57, 183–89, 193n–95n
father-daughter relationships in, 115–23, 127–33, 135, 141–42
father-son relationships in, 62, 163
fees for, 18, 23
folio versions of, 79–80, 193n
foreign locations of, 14
historical, 3–4, 5, 13–14, 21, 55, 76, 155–56
imaginary figures in, 3
interior dialogue in, 92–93
legal restrictions on, 2–3
military action in, 14–15, 92–95, 111
minor characters in, 12–13, 143–46, 189
modern reading of, 20
mother-son relationships in, 62, 162–65, 174–75, 180–81, 188–89
nobility depicted in, 24–29, 45–46
popular success of, 3–4, 15, 18, 20–21, 113–14, 184–86
quarto versions of, 56, 79–80, 83, 193n
romances in, 137
Scottish chronicles in, 3, 5, 14
soliloquies in, 61, 92–93
sources for, 3, 5, 14, 155
subversive ideas in, 2–3, 184–89
as tragedies, 141–42
truth as subject of, 2, 3, 25, 37–38, 80–81, 133, 134–35
shame, 63–65
Shoemaker’s Holiday, The (Dekker), 194n
Shore, Jane, 70
Shrewsbury, Earl of, 156–57
Sicilia, 123–24, 130, 134
Sicily, 14
Sicinius, 169–71, 174
sieges, 158
single combat, 94–95
skeletons, 93–94
skeptical philosophers, 151
slander, 76, 193n
sleepwalking scene, 109
society:
aggression in, 24–25, 28–31
agricultural, 156–57, 158, 159–62
aristocratic, 24–29, 32–34, 38, 45–46, 58, 85, 114, 157–62, 167–68
authoritarian, 3, 113–14, 123–24, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
betrayal and treason in, 2–3, 10–11, 16–17, 21–23, 30, 41–42, 77–79, 97–100, 121–22, 131–35, 143–44, 177–82, 184–85, 193n
breakdown of, 27–28, 47–48, 59, 165–66, 186–87
bureaucracies in, 128, 185, 186–87
chaos in, 47–48, 59, 186–87
civic loyalty in, 181–82
civilized, 165–66, 173–74, 186–87
civil war in, 24–27, 33–34, 47–53, 55, 93–94, 174–75
class conflict in, 34, 43–46, 155–62, 167–70, 177–79
common good of, 53–54, 149–50, 172–73, 178, 187–88
common people in, 143–46, 157–62, 167–69, 177–79, 188–89
compromise in, 25–26, 101, 153, 166–68, 180
consensus in, 101
corruption in, 18, 30, 31–32, 84
crime in, 8, 9, 32, 85–88, 91, 107–8, 113, 132
democratic, 48, 151–54, 168–74, 176, 178, 182, 183
existential conditions in, 110–11
feudal, 26, 145
foreign relations of, 12
freedom in, 1, 44–45, 148–49, 153–54
government in, 1–2, 11, 85, 116, 155, 176–77, 186–87
ideals of, 152–53
institutions of, 5, 27–28, 39–41, 116, 131–32, 173–74, 186–87
leadership in, 35, 39, 50, 85, 128, 138, 142–43, 188–89
legal standards of, 2–3, 19, 21, 25, 27, 39–44, 45, 47, 53, 77–79, 118, 143–45, 193n–94n, 195n
literacy in, 40–44, 45, 78–79, 85
lower classes of, 33, 34, 35–52, 76
monarchical, 1–12, 14, 18–20, 24, 28, 29–30, 33, 38, 48–51, 59–60, 62, 66, 69–71, 74, 76–77, 86, 102–3, 110, 113–23, 134–35, 139, 140–46, 148, 183–85, 186, 193n–95n
moral standards of, 2, 28–29, 47, 53, 56–57, 60, 71, 81–82, 96–97, 100, 105–6, 108, 143–45, 148–53, 165–66, 189
neutrality in, 25–26
order and stability in, 47–48, 59, 156–57, 186–88
plutocrats, 167–70
political factions in, 16, 24–34, 47–52, 160–62, 167–82, 186
populism (mob rule) in, 33, 34, 35–52, 76, 147–48, 151–54, 157–62, 167–84, 186, 188–89
poverty in, 35–36, 37, 40, 45, 156–59, 167, 168–69, 172–73, 186
rebellions in, 3, 15–23, 36–50, 156–57, 160
religion and, 5, 6–15, 57, 76, 135–39, 183–84, 185, 193n
republican, 151–54
safety net for, 172–73
self-interest in, 1–2, 74–75, 87–88, 153–54, 168–69
totalitarian, 3, 39–40, 48, 68, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
violence in, 7–8, 76, 159–60
wealth distribution in, 12, 54, 67, 81, 89, 115–17, 157–62, 167–73, 185, 189
sociopaths, 155
soldiers, 158
soliloquies, 61, 92–93
Somerset, Duke of, 24–30
Southampton, Earl of, 15
Soviet Union, 4
Spain, 10–11, 12
Spanish Armada, 11, 12
speech, freedom of, 2–3, 118–19, 183–85
spies, 7–15, 138, 193n–94n
spiritual renewal, 135–36
stability, 47–48, 59, 156–57, 186–88
Stafford, Humphrey, 44
Stalin, Joseph, 132
Stanley, Lord, 73–74, 85, 139–40
Star Chamber, 11
starvation, 159–60, 172–73
Statutes of the Realm, 195
stoicism, 151–52
strategy, 35–37, 84–85, 88–90, 96–112
Stubbs, John, 183
subterfuge, 13–14
subversion, 2–3, 184–89
succession, royal, 11–12, 14, 18, 76–77, 102–3, 135
Suffolk, Marquess of, 29, 31, 33
suicide, 148–49, 154
survival, 60–61, 63, 113, 155
suspicion, 100–101, 108, 123–25, 142
taxation, 159–60
territories, 120–21
terror, 6–15, 106–7
terrorism, 6–15
theater companies, 13, 17–23, 184–85
theaters, 184–85
theft, 43–44
Titus Andronicus, 138
Titus Andronicus (Shakespeare), 3, 138, 139
Topcliffe, Richard, 193n
torture, 143–46, 184, 189, 193n
totalitarianism, 3, 39–40, 48, 68, 178–79, 183–85, 193n–94n
Tower of London, 22, 69–73
tragedies, 141–42
treason, 2–3, 10–11, 16–17, 21–23, 30, 41–42, 77–79, 97–100, 121–22, 131–35, 143–44, 177–82, 184–85, 193n
trials, 11, 16–17, 76, 132–35
tribunes, 157–58, 167–80
“trickle-down” economics, 161
trust, 31–32, 67, 69–73, 100–101, 123–25, 142
truth, 2, 3, 25, 37–38, 80–81, 133, 134–35
Tudor dynasty, 55
tyrannicides, 64, 92–95, 145, 151–54
tyrants:
as action-oriented, 150, 189
administration for, 85, 186–87
advisers of, 124–25, 127, 130, 135, 172
ambition of, 35, 53–54, 58, 59–60, 66, 67–69, 74, 76, 80–81, 83, 84, 98–100, 106, 146–47, 150–51, 186
arbitrary rule of, 2, 127
as aristocrat, 58, 85, 157–62, 167–68
arrogance of, 2, 53, 58, 170, 175–77
assassinations and, 6, 7, 9–11, 16, 18–21, 69–73, 96, 151–54, 182, 187
authority of, 58, 96–97, 129–30
as autocrats, 113–14, 123–24
betrayals by, 67–73, 84, 88, 92–93
as bullies, 54, 66–67, 99, 166, 182
character development and, 53–65
childhood of, 55–57, 62–65, 168
consent of, 85–88
conspiracies and plots associated with, 9–12, 15–23, 30–31, 33, 77–80, 97–100, 125–27, 128, 141, 151–52, 182, 188
criminality, 85–88, 107–8, 113
cruelty of, 45–46, 48, 53, 61, 66, 68, 142, 166, 189
death of (tyrannicides), 64, 92–95, 145, 151–54
deception and lies used by, 37–38, 40, 60–61, 63, 66, 67, 69, 76, 77–79, 84, 85–88, 100–101, 131, 175–77
delusions used by, 50, 72, 84, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 133, 165–66
as demagogues, 35–52, 151–54, 170, 186, 188–89
destructiveness of, 54, 57, 103–4, 134–35
as dictators, 39–40, 48, 68
downfall of, 46–47, 64, 89–98, 111–12, 122–23, 137, 138–39, 140–42, 145, 151–82
in dynasties, 38, 40, 48–50, 55
economic policies of, 35–36, 37, 40, 157–58, 161
emotional control of, 96–97
enablers of, 1–2, 66–83, 85–90, 102, 113, 179–80, 186
enemies of, 24–25, 28–31, 48, 54, 73–79, 85, 94–95, 98, 102, 137–38, 151–54, 163, 179–80
fame of, 162–64
family of, 48–49, 62, 69–71, 85, 115–16, 119
fear of, 66–67, 96–98, 100–101, 103, 106–7
freedom as viewed by, 148–49, 153–54
friendships of, 102, 150–51
governance by, 1–2, 11, 85, 116, 155, 176–77, 186–87
guilt of, 71, 100–101
hatred of, 62–65, 80–82, 85, 138
humiliation of, 94, 111–12
humor of, 54, 61, 66, 68, 81–82, 84
identification with, 82–83
immorality of, 2, 53, 56–57, 60, 71, 81–82, 96–97, 100, 105–6, 108, 189
intelligence of, 54, 61, 64–65, 66, 68, 106–7
isolation and loneliness of, 92–93, 96, 109–10, 142, 150
laws disregarded by, 2, 19, 39–44, 47, 53, 77–79, 118
leadership by, 35, 39, 50, 85, 128, 138, 142–43, 188–89
legitimacy of, 24–27, 33–34, 47–53, 55, 93–94, 101, 113
loyalty to, 53, 85–88, 97, 116–17, 118, 123–24, 139–40, 178–82
manhood as issue for, 99, 176
marriage and, 49, 80, 89, 91–92, 103–4, 107–9
mental instability of, 106–7, 109, 113–36, 147, 186, 187
military abilities of, 14–15, 91–98, 111–12, 122–23, 138–39, 140–42, 155–82
as monarchs, 1–12, 14, 18–20, 24, 28, 29–30, 33, 38, 48–51, 59–60, 62, 66, 69–71, 74, 76–77, 86, 102–3, 110, 113–23, 134–35, 139, 140–46, 148, 183–85, 186, 193n–95n; see also specific monarchs
motivation of, 99–100, 150, 176, 189
murder committed by, 9–10, 18–21, 30–31, 33, 43–46, 53, 59–60, 63, 68, 69–73, 76–80, 85–89, 97–98, 100–105, 110, 138, 139, 140–41
narcissism of, 53–54, 105, 108, 117–18, 119, 124, 165–66
obedience to, 3–4, 46, 53, 58, 66–67, 68, 75, 85–88, 89, 97, 113–16, 121–22, 138, 165, 185
overthrow of, 16–17, 64, 91–95, 145, 151–54
paranoia and suspicion of, 100–101, 108, 123–25, 142
physical deformity of, 55–57, 59, 60, 65, 75, 94–95, 96
political influence of, 1, 30–32, 34, 39–43, 47–48, 54, 59, 68, 76–77, 85, 108, 142–43, 149–50, 154, 157–58, 160–63, 167–82, 183, 188–89
popular support for, 1–2, 35–52, 76–80, 109–10, 147–48, 153, 166, 167–82, 188–89
power as viewed by, 4, 12, 18–19, 34, 53–54, 58–59, 60, 67, 96, 99–100, 143–44, 146, 154, 165–66, 169–70, 175–77, 186–87; see also power
psychopathology of, 1–2, 55, 56, 58–61, 64–65, 67, 73, 92–93, 96–97, 98, 100, 101, 102–36, 154, 162–66, 175–76, 182
as public figures, 4, 14, 38–40, 47–48, 76–77, 80, 167, 169, 170–74, 176, 185
rage of, 28–29, 34, 39, 47, 50, 54, 87, 96, 115–17, 121–22, 123, 125, 128, 129, 142, 147, 166, 177–78, 181–82
reconciliation after rule of, 137, 140–46
resistance to, 68, 132–33, 137, 139–40, 146–54, 172, 180, 189
responsibility avoided by, 115–16, 165–66
rise of, 14, 47–48, 68, 132–33, 137, 139–40, 146–54, 172, 180, 189
rivals of, 54, 74, 84, 85–88, 94–95, 96, 101, 102–4, 138–39
ruthlessness of, 85–90, 140–41
sarcasm of, 54, 61, 66, 68
self-image of, 53–54, 57, 58, 61, 64–65, 92, 96, 103, 105, 108, 110–11, 117–20, 121–22, 124, 150, 162–66, 175–76
as sexual predators, 54, 57–58, 60–61, 80–81, 91–92, 96, 98–99
Shakespeare’s views on, 1–2, 43, 52, 53–65, 87, 92–93, 95, 96, 103, 105, 110–11, 137–38, 147, 150, 151–54, 183–89
strategies used by, 35–37, 84–85, 88–90, 96–112
survival of, 60–61, 63, 113, 155
sympathy for, 105–6
triumph of, 84–95
truth as issue for, 2, 25, 37–38
as villains, 57, 66, 80–83
violence of, 7–8, 58, 62, 65, 66–67, 76–79, 98–100, 120, 142, 155, 159–60, 162, 167–68, 185, 187–88
wealth of, 54, 67, 81, 89, 115–17, 157–58, 167, 169, 172–73
Tyre, 14
ugliness, 55–57
urban areas, 45, 158, 167
usurpers, 18–19
Utopia (More), 185
vassals, 145, 168
Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare), 15
Vichy France, 139
villains, 57, 66, 80–83
vindication, 132–33
violence, 7–8, 58, 62, 65, 66–67, 76–79, 98–100, 120, 142, 155, 159–60, 162, 167–68, 185, 187–88
Virgilia, 180
Volsces (Volscians), 162, 167, 177–82
Volumnia, 162–65, 174–75, 180–81, 182
“voodoo economics,” 37
voting, 170–74, 176, 177–78, 182
Walsingham, Francis, 8, 193n–94n
warfare, 24–30, 33–37, 47–53, 55, 91–98, 111–12, 122–23, 138–39, 140–42, 155–82
War of the Roses, 24–30, 33–37, 47–53, 55, 93–94
Warwick, Earl of, 27, 32–33
Warwickshire, 156
wealth distribution, 12, 54, 67, 81, 89, 115–17, 157–62, 167–73, 185, 189
Weird Sisters, The, 96–97, 99, 102, 108, 111
welfare system, 172–73
William I, Prince of Orange, 7
William I (“the Conqueror), King of England, 82
Winter’s Tale, The (Shakespeare), 3, 123–36, 137
wish-fulfillment, 59–60
witchcraft, 75
women, 54, 57–58, 91–92
working class, 33, 34, 35–52, 76
wounds, 163–64, 168, 171, 176
York, Duchess of, 55–57, 62–65, 85
York, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of, 24–30, 33, 35–37, 47–53, 55
Yorkists, 24–30, 33–37, 47–53, 55, 93–94