Abbey, Edward, 53
ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 116–117, 170–171
First Amendment Rights, 170–171
Fourth Amendment Rights, 75
HSU Women’s Prison conditions, 211–212
lawsuits against CMUs, 214
Potter, involvement, 30–31, 118
ACLU v. NSA, 78
ADL (Anti-Defamation League), 61
Administrative Procedures Act, 212
ADX-Florence, 208–212, 214
African National Congress, 44
Aiken, Ann
Block and Zacher trial, 188–197
McGowan trial, 203–206, 213
NSA hearing, 77–78
Al Qaeda
East Africa, U.S. Embassy bombings, 26
“eco-al-Qaeda,” 58
Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, 26
Gadahn, 25
Ghailani, 26
immanent threat (2004), 19–20
Jdey, 26
Maati, 26
moral limits, 41
Moussaoui, 208
NSA spying, 72
Osama bin Laden tapes, 63
post-9/11, 125–126
Shukrijumah, 26
Siddiqui, 26
threat compared to activists, 23, 28, 235–236
Albert, Judy Gumbo, 96
Alcatraz, 211
ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council)
“Animal & Ecological Terrorism in America,” 127
eco-terrorism bill model, 128–130, 234
history of, 125
membership, 125–126
Alexander, George, 49–50
ALF (Animal Liberation Front) activism
Atwood, member, 176
“Breaking Free,” 29
Bush Administration (2000–2008), 223–224
Cavel West arson, 65–66
codes of conduct, 47
Coronado, member, 66–67, 101, 122, 223–234
crime decrease, 59
Ferguson, member, 67–68
formation of, 54
Harper, member, 99
McGowan, member, 131, 213
Michigan State University mink raid, 121
North American Press Office, 176
Northwestern Food Cooperative arson, 122
Paul, member, 52
SHAC support of, 95–96
Texas Tech lab arson, 120
University of Arizona arson, 120
University of California, Davis arson, 119, 146
University of Utah vandalism, 175
Western Wildlife Unit, 67
Ziegler, member, 184
ALF (Animal Liberation Front) opposition
activists indictment, 63
ALEC, relationship, 127
arson danger potential, 184
corporate interests, 239–240
dangers of direct action, 52
FBI assessment of crimes and damages, 25
Freeh, opinion, 56
Fur Commission, accusation, 239
national security threat, 46
NSA surveillance, 72
organizations publicly denounce, 191
PETA, relationship, 74
September 11, 2001, 124
top domestic threat, 71
See also Animal Enterprise Protection Act; Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act
Alien and Sedition Laws (1798), 134
Ambrose, Frank, 64, 229
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). See ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)
American Farm Bureau, 244
American Friends Service Committee, 70
American Indian Movement, 16, 70
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). See ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council)
American Medical Association, 244
American Veal Association, 180
American Veterinary Medical Association, 165
Americans for Medical Progress, 123, 142, 176
Amnesty International, 56, 211
Amoco, 126
“Anarchist Golfing Association,” 85
Angelica Kitchen, 99
Anheuser-Busch Companies, 125
“Animal & Ecological Terrorism in America” (ALEC), 127
Animal Agriculture Alliance, 176, 180
Animal Enterprise Protection Act
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 131
bills to expand penalties, 104, 123
focus of, 122
Harper, violation, 231
law passed, 103–104
Massachusetts protests, 178
presidential signature of, 174
Samuel, violation, 124, 154
SHAC, alleged violation, 98
Walsh, advocation, 245
Young, violation, 124, 154
Animal Enterprise Protection Coalition, 161–162, 165
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act
ACLU, deferral, 116–117
ACLU, non-opposition, 170–171
ALEC, model bill, 130
Animal Enterprise Protection Act, 131
animal industries, 142
Boghosian, opposition, 172
Coble, support, 130–131
Congressional debate, 160–166
effect on free speech, 248
first arrests, 232
lobbying for new legislation, 233
passage, 173
Petri, sponsor, 165
Potter, testifies, 133
President George W. Bush signs, 174
Republicans pressing forward, 116
Schumacher, support, 179
Sensenbrenner, sponsor, 165–166, 169–171, 173
Solano, prosecutor, 180
underground response, 175
Animal Liberation Front (ALF). See ALF (Animal Liberation Front)
Animal Liberation (Singer), 244
“Animal Rights: Activism vs. Criminality” hearing, 25
Animal Rights Militia, 174
Animal Rights Reporter (newsletter), 51
Animal Welfare Act, 120, 127
anti-abortion activism
absence on terrorist lists, 46
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, 123
Freeh, testimony 58
Jordi, attempted arson, 186
National Abortion Federation tracking, 46
Nuremberg Files (website), 106
Rudolph, and, 214
terrorism, distinction, 42
Tiller, murder, 238
Waagner, mission, 45
Anti-Defamation League, 61
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, 183
Arkansas Terrorism Research Center, 61
Armstrong, Billie Joe, 24
Army of God, 45–46, 214
Arnold, Ron, 55–56, 61, 136, 176
Ashcroft, John, 19–20, 23, 25, 26, 27–28
AT&T, 70
ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms), 60, 64
Atwood, Nick, 176
Aum Shinrikyo cult, 45
Autonomous Zone (“A-Zone”), 10–11
Aventis Pharmaceuticals, 127
Ayers, Bill, 223, 228
Balluch, Martin, 21–22
Bank of America bombing (Seattle), 109
Bari, Judi, 50
Basso, Michele, 116, 132, 137, 139
Bayer, 127
BBI (Beckett Brown International), 75
Beckham, Jeremy, 218
BellSouth, 70
Benkhala, Sabri, 209
Bennick, Greg, 152
Berardi, Kim, 12–13, 65, 67, 217–218
Berry, Marion, 104
Bibi, Mark, 105, 139
Bicester Two (Goodman and Lee), 54
Biotechnology Industry Organization, 139, 178
Biotic Baking Brigade, 49, 85
Bishop, Bill, 196
Bite Back (ed. Nick Atwood), 176
Black Panther Party, 70
Blenkinsop, David, 112
Block, Lee, 196
Block, Maureen, 196
Block, Nathan
arrest, 64
guilty plea, 79
refusal to talk, 69
trial, 190–198
Blueprint (Young), 223
Blum, Jonathan, 244
Boghosian, Heidi, 172
Boise Cascade arson, 82
Bourne, Sandy Liddy, 127
Bradshaw, Toby, 89
Brandenburg, Clarence, 105–106
Brower, David, 52
Buddenberg, Joseph, 232
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), 60, 64
Bureau of Land Management, 63, 65, 67
Bureau of Prisons
CMUs, statements regarding, 212–215
directory, 208
McGowan, request, 5
national program statement, 208
pilot programs, 210
Potter, visit approved, 219
Burger King, 75
Bush, President George H. W., 121
Bush, President George W.
9/11 statement, 43, 105
Dr. King memorial speech, 159
“mission accomplished,” 174
terrorism, use of term, 38
War on Terrorism, 124
Bush Administration (2000–2008)
Boghosian, 188
eco-terrorism resources, 234
military commissions, 228
secret spy programs, 78
See also War on Terrorism
Cacheris, James C., 209
Caldwell, Leslie, 52
California Anti-Terrorism Information Center, 76
California Healthcare Institute, 139
Calnan, Jacquie, 142, 176
Cancel, Al, 11–12
Capra, Frank, 242
Capralogics, 156–157
Carson, Rachel, 53
Cass, Brian, 48, 111–112, 141
Castle, Mike, 164
Cater, Shelley, 200
Caulfield, Mike “Blockhead,” 95
Cavel West arson, 65–67, 82
CBS Early Show, 28
Centennial Olympic Park bombing, 44, 46, 208
See also Rudolph, Eric
Center for Constitutional Rights, 214, 233
Center for Consumer Freedom, 73–74, 113, 136, 247
Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, 55, 176
Center for the Study of Climate Change, 192
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 192
Charles Schwab, 96
Charlotte’s Web, 136
Cheney, Vice President Dick, 169
Cherney, Darryl, 50
Cherry, Elizabeth, 102
Cherry Point Air Station, 235
Chesapeake Climate Action Network, 77
Chevron, 126
Chicago Seven, 98
Childs, Caitlin, 74–75
Chiron, 33
Chiron Corporation bombing, 48, 110, 228–229
Christie, Christopher J., 31, 231
Chronicle of Higher Education, 30
Church Committee, The, 70–71
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 192
Citibank, 96
Citizen Fish (punk band), 101
City of God, The (St. Augustine), 40–41
City of Hope National Medical Center raid, 54
civil disobedience
ALEC, deterrence, 128
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 138, 234
Earth First, 76
electronic, 98–99, 107
hate crimes, 56–57
Illegal Incidents Report, 161
Martin Luther King, Jr., 167
terrorism, 57, 166–167
terrorism, definition, 37
threat, 76
tree sits, 84
Civil Liberties Defense Center, 198
Clash of Civilizations, The (Huntington), 243
Clausen, Barry, 57
Clorox Coporation, 58
CMU (Communication Management Unit)
Administrative Procedures Act, 212
Bureau of Prisons proposal, 215
defined, 208
experimental nature, 209
inhumane proposals, 215
inmate statistics, 214–215
lawsuits challenging, 214
national security, 216
psychological torture, 211
questionable legality, 211–212
restrictions, 210, 219
CMU Marion, IL
CMU Terre Haute, IN, 208
history, 211
“Little Guantánamo,” 208
McGowan, prisoner, 208, 210, 213–214
political prison, 216
Potter, visit, 218–225
Stepanian, prisoner, 209
CMU Terre Haute, IN
Benkhala, prisoner, 209
CMU Marion, IL,, 208
Dharif, prisoner, 209
Egan, statement, 216
political prison, 216
CNN, 28, 63
Coble, Howard, 130, 139
Coburn, Heather, 67
COINTELPRO (Counter Intelligence Program), 8, 70, 79
Cold War, 70, 135, 243
Colgate Palmolive, 23
Communication Management Unit (CMU). See CMU (Communication Management Unit)
communism, 135, 172, 241–242
See also McCarthyism; Red Menace; Red Scare; Red Squad
Communist Party USA, 70
Conflict (punk band), This Is the A.L.F., 101
Congressional Research Service, 78, 164
Conroy, Jake
arrest, 24, 30
“Breaking Free,” 29
defense, 153
dossier, 27
electronic civil disobedience, 99
Haveson, attorney, 107
house arrest, 145–148
prison, post-release, 229
SHAC defendant, 66
This Means War, 153
trial, 109, 149–150, 152
Consort Beagle Breeders protest, 20–22
Coronado, Rod
Hunt Saboteurs, 66–67
“Operation Bite Back,” 122
post-release, 223–224
veganism, 101
Western Wildlife Unit (ALF), 67
Corrections Corporation of America, 126
Corrupt Organizations Act, 103
Counter Intelligence Program (COINTERLPRO), 8, 70, 79
Covance, 33
Crass (punk band), 101
Crocker, Demetrius “Van,” 45
Cummings, Timothy, 55
Cunningham, Randall “Duke,” 160
Dairy Herd Management, 180
Daley, Richard, 72
Darwin, Charles, 127
DeChristopher, Tim, 233
Defenders of Wildlife, 125
Delahunt, Bill, 139
Democratic National Convention, 27, 98
DeMuth, Scott, 233
Department of Homeland Security (DHS). See DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
Department of Peace and Nonviolence, 170
Descent of Man (Darwin), 127
Dharif, Rafil A., 209
DHS (Department of Homeland Security)
definition of terrorism, 37
eco-terrorism warnings, 240
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program, 234–235
national security threats, ALF and ELF, 46
post-9/11, 74
Dibee, Joseph, 64, 81–83
Dillbone, Jeffrey, 107
Diplomatic Tactical Services, 75
Dirnt, Michael, 24
Discovery Institute, 246
domestic terrorism
ALF, threat, 120
animal rights crimes, 55, 119
ATF, role expansion, 60
DHS, role expansion, 60–61
FBI, definition, 237
FBI investigation investment, 31, 104, 237
FBI investigation priority, 25, 239
first victory against, 64
Freeh, testifies, 57
Lewis, opposition, 44–45
Mason, indicted, 229
operations protecting profits, 47
statistical data, 46
violence, 52
domestic terrorists
Bari as, 50
Block as, 196
Bureau of Prisons statistics, 213
Cherney as, 50
Limbaugh as, 29
Operation Backfire, and, 182
Potter as, 13–15, 118, 217
right-wing, 238
San Diego as, 228
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 249
Douglas, William O., 135
Downtime (Novak), 148
Drewniak, Michael, 150, 157
DuPont, 169
Durand, Adam, 136
Earth Crisis (hardcore band), 101
Earth Day (1970), 53
Earth First
Bari, member, 50
Cherney, member, 50
Clausen, infiltrator, 57
divisions within, 49–50
Earth Firsters, 193, 198–200
ELF, relationship, 57, 65
Foreman, founder, 53
Freeh, denial, 56
Riggs, accusation, 56
Roselle, founder, 53, 201
Wolke, founder, 53
Earth First Journal, 65, 85, 199
Earthjustice, 191
East Africa, U.S. Embassy bombings, 26
Eat Shit Fuckface (band), 187
Eco-Commando Force (Florida), 53
eco-feminism, 245
ecotage
Earth Crisis lyrics, 101
Ecotage, 53
national newspapers, 59
eco-terrorism
ADL courses, 61
ALEC legislation, 129–130, 234
animal rights movement, 45
Arnold, invention of term, 55, 61
Chiron Corporation bombing, 48
Coble, opposition, 131
Department of Homeland Security, 240, 245
“Eco-Terrorism Specifically Examining Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty” hearing, 111
FBI investigation, 25
FBI warnings, 61
Foundation for Biomedical Research, list, 48
Hoot (children’s movie) as, 136
Humane Society, 116
impact of rhetoric, 238
Inkerman Group, opposition, 59–60
institutionalization, 60
legislation, 129
mainstream media, 59
national security dialogue, 58
Nethercutt, opposition, 191
Obama, opposition, 227
Obama Administration, 234
Oregon bill proposal, 130
Pennsylvania law, 47
Potter, testifies, 16
PR firms, national security dialogue, 58
prisoners, 223
right-wing terrorism, versus, 237–238
San Diego housing development arson, 48
Shaklee corporation bombing, 48
smear campaigns, 136
stickers, 60
term invention, 55
Thompson, criticism, 237
USDA security surveys, 61
Utah legislation proposal, 233
Vlasak, testimony, 247
Eggen, Dan, 216
ELF (Earth Liberation Front) activism
activists indicted, 63
Block, member, 190, 196
codes of conduct, 47
crime decrease, 59
Jefferson Poplar Farm arson, 88
Kolar, member, 81
Mason, member, 229
McGowan, member, 2, 28, 79, 85, 88–90, 213
Meyerhoff, member, 193
Michigan State University arson, 229
Oregon, 57, 181
press office reopened, 228
radical direct action, 65
Rodgers, zine, 90
Romania Chevrolet arson, 67
Rosebraugh, member, 89
SUV stickers, 60
United Kingdom, in, 57
University of Washington Horticulture Center arson, 88–89
Vail ski resort arson, 57
Velure, judge, 89
Wade, member, 223
Zacher, member, 190
ELF (Earth Liberation Front) opposition
9/11, and, 58
ALF statistics, 59
Ambrose, arrested, 64
arson danger potential, 184
corporate interests, 239–240
crime statistics, 184
dangers of direct action, 52
FBI investigations, 58, 67
Ferguson, FBI, 68
Freeh, testimony, 56
Holland, arson investigator, 228
letter denouncing, 191
Lewis, testifies, 25, 71
national security threat, 46, 71
NSA surveillance, 72
Peifer, prosecution attorney, 185–186
PETA, alleged ties to, 74
Walden, on threat of, 58
Eli Lilly & Company, 127
Engdall, Kirk, 79, 194
Enron, 126
Erba, Andrew, 100–101
Eugene, OR
activists subpoenaed, 68
anarchism, 85, 181, 198
Earth First Journal, 199
federal court, 182, 190
Laskey, crime, 186
McGowan, 5–6, 16, 85–87, 90
Register-Guard, 196
Evers, Charles, 106, 108
Everson, Mike, 15
Fahrenheit 9/11 (Moore), 73
Falwell, Jerry, 125
FARM, 163, 166
Farrar, Jeffrey, 105
Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, 26
FBI
animal rights activism investigation, 25, 31
“Anna,” 27–28
ATF, 60, 64
audit warning, 236–237
COINTELPRO, 8, 70, 79
domestic terrorism arrests, 55, 119–120
domestic terrorism trainings, 60
eco-terrorism warnings, 61
Farrar, special agent, 105
Ferguson, association, 67–68
Freeh, director, 57
Green Scare, 61
Greenpeace, 73–74, 136
Harper, apartment raid, 30–31
Harper, speech, 93
Hoover, J. Edgar, 70, 168
It’s a Wonderful Life, threat, 242
Kolar, association, 69
Lewis, deputy assistant director, 25, 45, 72, 104
Martin Luther King, Jr., 168
McGowan, arrest, 91
McGowan, investigation, 28
most wanted list, 26, 228–229
Mueller, director, 19, 25, 64, 74
National Lawyers Guild raids, 172
NSA, 71
Operation Backfire, 64
PETA, 73–74
Potter, approached, 7–10, 13–17
Potter, CMU visit, 217
Potter, harrassment, 133
Rowley, agent, 60
Rudolph, domestic terrorist, 46
Sherrod, approached, 15
storms activist homes, 23–24
terrorism defined, 37, 45–46
terrorism timeline, 44
Terrorist Screening Center, 217
testifying for law expansion, 104
Thomas Merton Center for Peace and Justice, and, 74
Trutt, set up, 51
University of California Santa Cruz bombing, 246
warns corporations, 60
See also Joint Terrorism Task Forces (FBI); Operation Backfire
Feedstuffs, 246
Feeney, Tom, 138
Ferdin, Pam, 111–112
Ferguson, Jacob
arson experimentation, 82
FBI pressured to reveal alliances, 67–68
government tapes, 204
Grassroots Animal Rights Conference, 90
McGowan, relationship, 205
sentencing, 187
Superior Lumber Company arson, 86
Fierce Green Fire, A (Shabecoff), 52–53
Final Nail (Thurston), 228
First, Neil, 49
First Amendment
ACLU, 170–171
ALEC model legislation, 234
Animal Enterprise Protection Act, 169–171
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 138, 170
Best, protections, 105
Brandenburg, Ku Klux Klan, 105–106, 108
Brandenburg standard, 230
Center for Constitutional Rights, 233
critical nature of, 133
defense of SHAC, 108
Evers, NAACP, 106, 108
government power expansion, 134
Hutchins, on, 77
Illegal Incidents Report, 161
Kucinich, on, 169
NSA surveillance violation, 78
protected activities, 233
SHAC campaign, 105–108
terrorism, 162
Trull, laws misguided, 178–179
Virginia v. Black, 230–231
Watts, on, 106, 108
FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act), 71, 77
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 172
Flynn, Jim, 199
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 71
Foreman, Dave, 53
Fort Dix, 5
Fort Lee, VA, anti-terrorism drill, 235
Foundation for Biomedical Research
anti-SHAC ads, 142
list of eco-terrorism crimes, 48–49, 161–162
Fourth Amendment Rights, 70
Fox, The (Illinois), 53
Fox News, 238
Foxx, Virginia, 173
Free the Animals (Newkirk), 54
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, 123
Freedom of Information Act, 208, 217
Freedom Summer, 50
Freeh, Louis, 56–58
Freeman, Christopher, 74
Fresno County Sheriff Department, Anti Terrorism Unit, 73
Friedman, Marc, 184
Fullmer, Darius
charged with AEPA violation conspiracy, 98
court, 109
dossier, 26
prison, after release, 229
sentenced, 153
trial anticipation, 30
Fur Commission, 161, 174, 239
G-8 Summit, 27
Gadahn, Adam, 25
Gandhi, Mohandas, 39, 95
Gazzola, Lauren
charged with AEPA violation conspiracy, 99
dossier, 27
FBI house raid, 24
house arrest, 141–145
Marsh protest involvement, 111
post-sentencing farewell feast, 154–155
prison, after release, 229
radio interview, 230
sentenced, 153
SHAC dedication, 24–25
student of law, 100
trial, 15–152
trial anticipation, 30
Gerlach, Chelsea, 63, 69, 81–82
Ghailani, Ahmed Khalfan, 26
Girgen, Jen, 120
GlaxoSmithKline, 33, 116, 127, 131, 161, 165
Glick, Daniel, Powder Burn, 66
Glickman, Dan, 49
Global Options, 75, 97–98
Goldman, Emma, 16
Gonzales, Alberto, 64
Gonzales, Laurence, 220
Goodman, Cliff, 54
Gore, Al, 65, 192
Grassroots Animal Rights Conference, 90
Great American Meatout, 163
Greek, Ray, 111
Green Day, 24
Green Scare, 61, 173, 178, 243, 247
Greenpeace
Beckett Brown International, and, 75
condemning underground activists, 191
FBI monitoring, 136
FBI targeting, 73
nonviolent direct action, 53
Guantánamo Bay, 208, 216
Hall, Alex, 233
Harper, Josh
arrested, 28–29
“Breaking Free,” 29
charges, 97–98
Conroy, relationship, 66
dossier, 26
First Amendment, 231
Little Rock, Arkansas speech, 93
prison, after release, 229
This Means War, 153
trial, 109–111
trial anticipation, 30–32
University of Washington speech, 106
Haveson, Hal, 107
Haymarket martyrs, 16
Haymarket Riot, 72
Headwaters, 56
Headwaters Forest Campaign, 84
Health Care Institute of New Jersey, 34
Heartland Institute, 127
Heflin, Howell, 120
Help the Needy, 209
Hershaft, Alex, 163–164, 166, 169, 173
Hill, Julia Butterfly, 84
Hill Grove farm, 22
Hirsch, Leon, 51–52
Hit Man: A Technical Manual (Paladin Press), 106
Hofstadter, Richard, 243
Holland, Bob, 228
Homeland Infrastructure Threat and Risk Analysis Center, 234–235
HoneyBaked Ham (DeKalb County, GA), 74
Hoot, 136
Hoover, J. Edgar, 70, 168, 172, 241
House Committee on Homeland Security, 237–238
HSU Women’s Prison (Lexington, KY), 211
HSUS (Humane Society of the United States)
aggressive action against, 113
declined to oppose AETA, 116–117
PACs, 166
Proposition 2, 246
University of California Santa Cruz bombing, response, 246
Hugs for Puppies, 247
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). See HSUS (Humane Society of the United States)
Hunt Saboteurs, 53, 54, 66
Huntingdon Life Sciences
animal rights movement, 23
Cass, managing director, 48
Gazzola, and, 24
Global Options, 75
Harper, and, 93–94
Marsh Inc. leafleting, 11
New Jersey, in, 34
Stepanian, and, 96
See also Life Sciences Research International; SHAC (Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty)
Huntington, Samuel P., 243
Hurwitz, Charles, 85
Hussein, Saddam, 21
Hutaree Christian militia, 238
Hutchins, Thomas E., 77
Hutchinson, Tim, 104
Information Network Associates, 59
Inkerman Group, 59–60
Internal Security Act (1950), 134
Islam, Yusuf (Cat Stevens), 217
It’s a Wonderful Life (movie), as threat, 242
Jdey, Abderraouf, 26
Jefferson Poplar Farm arson, 83, 88–89, 204
Johnson, Jay, 218
Johnson & Johnson, 33, 127
Joint Terrorism Task Forces (FBI)
Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, first arrests, 232
ELF arsons investigation, 58
foreign law enforcement, 72
Gazzola, and, 99
investigative powers, 237
local activist approached, 236
McGowan, arrest, 91
monitoring elephant delivery, 74
scope of, 73
Jongman, Albert, 36–37
Jordi, Stephen John, 186
Just and Unjust Wars (Walzer), 41
Kennedy, President John F., 43
Kennedy, Ted, 217
Kenya, car bomb, 26
Ketchum Public Relations, 58, 75
KFC, 244
Khajavi, Maryam, 232
Kilner, Aaron (Aaron Stokes), 73
King Jr., Martin Luther
FBI, 70–71
harassment, 16
“I Have a Dream” speech, 167
letter from a Birmingham jail, 167
NAACP, 168
National Mall memorial, 159–160
nonviolence, 39
riots, 20–21
value of property, 40
Kjonaas, Kevin
dossier, 27
electronic civil disobedience, 99
FBI house raid, 24
FBI monitoring, 105
imprisoned, 229
sentenced, 153
Stephens Inc. meeting, 96–97
trial, 149, 152
trial anticipation, 30
Klamath Basin Irrigation Project, 182
Knight Foundation, Journalism Initiatives, 133
Koch Industries, 126
Kolar, Jennifer, 64, 69, 81, 82
Krar, William J., 45
Ku Klux Klan, 105, 171, 182, 185
Kucinich, Dennis, 169–170, 173
Kushner, Theresa, 110
Laden, Osama bin, 26, 63, 65, 129
Lamont v. Postmaster General, 135
Lappin, Harley, 212–213
League of Conservation Voters, 191
Lee, Amanda, 79, 185, 187–188
Lee, Ronnie, 54
Lee, Sheila Jackson, 164
Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Irving), 225
Leonard, Randy, 179
Leopold, Aldo, 52
Les Amants, 35–36
Lewis, John E., 25, 45, 61, 72, 104, 160
Lexington, KY, HSU Women’s Prison, 211
Life Sciences Research International, 142
See also Huntingdon Life Sciences
Limbaugh, Rush, 14, 29, 129
Lindsay, Andrea, 145, 147, 155, 157
“Lodi Loppers,” 85
London, Edythe, 175
Louisiana-Pacific, 49–50, 58
Luers, Jeff “Free,” 87, 89, 202, 222
Maati, Amer el-, 26
Madrid bombings, 19
Malmgren, Kurt L., 127
Maloney, Paul L., 121
Mandela, Nelson, 44
Manson, Charles, 195
Marion federal Penitentiary. See CMU Marion, IL
Marsh Inc., 11, 99, 102, 111
Marshall, Craig “Critter,” 87
Marshall, Thurgood, 191
Martosko, David, 113
Mason, Marie, 229
Mayfield, Brandon, 19–20
McCain, John, 227
McCarran Act. See Internal Security Act
McCarthy, Joseph, 135
McCarthyism, 172, 248
See also communism
McClure, James, 55
McConnell, Mike, 78–79
McDavid, Eric, 28
McDonald’s, 57, 127, 169
McGee, John, 27, 30, 99
McGovern, James, 178
McGowan, Daniel
aliases, 2
arrested, 63, 91–92
biography, 83–92
Block, relationship, 195
CMU Marion, IL transfer, 213
CMU visit, Will Potter, 217–225
Earth First, 200
Ferguson, relationship, 69, 90–91
Lee, attorney, 79, 185
mug shot, 67
non-cooperating plea agreement, 79
prison, when released, 229
prison fears, 187–188
Rainforest Action Network, 3–4
Republican National Convention protests, 28, 90
Rolling Stone, in, 90
Ruckus Society, 3–4
Savoie, relationship, 85
speaks at court hearing, 80
Synan, relationship, 1–6, 202–206
trial, 202–206
trial anticipation, 1–6
Zacher, relationship, 195
See also ELF (Earth Liberation Front) activism
McGraw, Steven C., 237
McInnis, Scott, 191
McIntosh, Brent, 116, 131–132, 137
McKenna, Charles, 100, 105, 152–153, 231
McKenzie River (nude beach), 4
McVeigh, Timothy, 31, 47
Mead, Marc, 51–52
Meeropol, Robert, 134
Merck, 33, 127
Merrill Lynch, 96
Metropolitan Detention Center, 5
Meyerhoff, Stan
arrested, 63
law enforcement, cooperation, 68–69
romantic narrative, 81, 83
sentenced, 190, 193
Superior Lumber Company arson, 86–88
Ziegler, Zelda, and, 184
Michaelson, Richard, 103, 142
Michigan State University arson (1999), 229
Michigan State University mink raid (1992), 121
MINARET (NSA), 70, 79
Missouri Information Analysis Center, 238
Monkey Wrench Gang, The (Abbey), 53
Monsanto, 85, 180
Moore, Michael, 73
Moramarco, Glenn J., 230
Moran, Jamie. See McGowan, Daniel
Mother Jones, 75, 127
Moussaoui, Zacarias, 186, 208–209
MOVE home bombing, 16
Mueller, Robert
Al Qaeda dossiers, 25–27
Al Qaeda press conference, 19–20
American safety, 23
Hummer dealership briefing, 74
“Terrorism is terrorism,” 64
Muir, John, 52
Murrah Federal Building, 44
See also Oklahoma City bombing
NAACP, 70, 106, 168
NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 106
NABR (National Association for Biomedical Research), 122, 130, 160, 178
Næss, Arne, 244
National Abortion Federation, 46
See also anti-abortion activism
National Animal Interest Alliance, 122–124, 170, 179
National Association for Biomedical Research, 122, 130, 160, 178
National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, 161
National Institute of Justice, 61
National Institutes of Health, 121
National Lawyers Guild, 172–173
National Pork Board, 180
National Pork Producers Council, 127
National Rifle Association, 125
National Security Agency (NSA). See NSA (National Security Agency)
National Socialist Movement, 45
National Wildlife Federation, 191
Natural Resources Defense Council, 125, 191
Nethercutt, George, 191–192
New Jersey Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness, 231
New Jersey quail farm raid, 175
New York University Medical Center raid, 54
Newkirk, Ingrid, 54
Newton, Eric, 133
Niceley, Frank, 129
Nicholas Ungar Furs, 180
Nichols-Dezenhall, 58–59, 75
Niemoller, Martin, 250
No Compromise, 65
Noel, Mike, 234
nonviolence, 39, 47, 170
North American Animal Liberation Press Office. See ALF (Animal Liberation Front) activism
Northwestern Food Cooperative arson, 122
Norwood, Charlie, 174
Notes from the Underground (Dostoyevsky), 249
Novak, David, 148
Novartis, 84
NSA (National Security Agency)
ACLU v. NSA, 78
domestic spying programs, 69–70
First Amendment violation, 78
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 71
illegal surveillance motion withdrawal, 79
MINARET, 70
Operation Backfire, 78
scope of spying, 72
warrantless surveillance, 77–80
Nuremberg Files, 106
Nuxalk Nation, 89
Obama, President Barak, 216, 227–229
Obama Administration, 234
obscenity, 35–36
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 230
Office of Science and Technology Policy, 121
Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 217
Oh, What a Slaughter (McMurty), 132
Oklahoma City bombing
domestic antiterrorism law, 183
motivation, 47
Murrah Federal Building, 44
terrorism, as defined, 36
Operation Backfire
arrests anniversary, 177
Boghosian, on, 172
defendants as eco-terrorists, 182
defendants’ cooperation, 147
domestic spying, 71
government enhancement, 186–187
Meeropol, on, 134
Savoie, and, 85
sentencing, 190
term invention, 64
Thurston, and, 228
warrantless surveillance, 77–78
Operation Bite Back, 122
Oregon Riot Act (1875), 201
Overaker, Josephine, 64
Oxford Laboratory Animal Colonies, 54
Pacific Lumber Company, 56
Paladin Press, 106
Palin, Sarah, 228
Palmer, Mitchell, 241–242
Palmer Raids, 172
Patriot Act
Aiken, and, 189
definition of terrorism, 37
federal terrorism definitions, and, 127
Kucinich, Dennis, and, 169
Obama Administration, and, 228
Paul, Jonathan
ALF, and, 67
arrest, 63
Cavel West arson, 82
Coronado, relationship, 66
Ferguson, relationship, 90
guilty plea, 79
Hunt Saboteurs, 66
Kolar, relationship, 69, 81
McGowan, relationship, 81
refusal to talk, 69
sentence, 191
sisters’ T-shirts, People magazine, 66
Peace Fresno, 73
Peifer, Stephen, 77, 184–186, 203
People magazine, “Free Jonathan Paul” T-shirts, 66
Pepper, John, 49
Perceptions International, 51–52, 75
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)
Britches’s recovery footage, 146
bunny suits, 161
California Anti-Terrorism Information Center advisory, 76
Center for Consumer Freedom claims, 73–74
“corporate terrorists,” 244
Illegal Incidents Report, 161
Martosko, on, 113
Newkirk, and, 54
Pepper, “pie-ing,” 49
Rokke, and, 23
underground activist footage, 54
USDA security survey, 61
Petri, Thomas, 165–166, 173
Pfizer, 33, 127, 161, 166
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 127
Philip Morris, 126, 175
Phillabaum, Lacey, 64, 69
Phillips, Utah, 94
Pinole, CA, 23–24, 27, 143
Political Terrorism: A Research Guide (Schmid and Jongman), 36–37
Politics of Nonviolent Action, The (Sharp), 39
Pope, Nathan, 232
Potter, Will
ACLU, and, 30–31, 118
Arlington Morning News, reporter, 9–10, 15
Chicago Tribune, reporter, 8–10, 14, 154
CMU Marion visit, 217–225
congressional hearing, participation, 115–118, 132–139
FBI encounter, 7–9, 13–14
Gazzola, relationship, 141–145
leafleting, 11–13
McGowan, relationship, 217–225
Society of Professional Journalists, 15
website, SHAC article, 177
Powers, James, 47
Powder Burn (Glick), 66
prisons
Alcatraz, 211
CMUs (Communication Management Units), 207–216, 218–225
Code of Federal Regulations, 212
Congress funding, 212
Fort Dix, 5
“SuperMax” ADX-Florence, 208–212, 211, 214
See also Bureau of Prisons; CMU Marion, IL; CMU Terre Haute, IN
Procter & Gamble, 23, 49, 127, 169
punk rock
Citizen Fish, 101
Crass, 101
Subhumans, 101
veganism, 101–102
Rabid. See McGowan, Daniel
Rainforest Action Network, 3–4, 201
Really, Really Free Market campaign, 90
Reason, 55
Reber, Jan, 51
“Reclaim the Seeds,” 85
Red Menace, 135
Red Scare
anti-communist hysteria, 72
“The Case Against the Reds” (Palmer), 242
components, 134–135
eras, 242–243
Green Scare, 243
National Lawyers Guild, 172
Palmer Raids, 172
political climate comparison, 248
second wave, 72
tactics used against Americans, 133–134
two threats of communism, 241
See also communism; McCarthyism
Red Squad, 72–73, 76
Redwood Summer, 50
Regan, Lauren, 198–200
Regan, Tom, 245
Republican National Convention, 27–28, 72, 90
Research Defence Society, 100
Resistance Magazine, 186
Revolutionary Cells, 110
Revolver, 95
Ridge, Tom, 28
Ridgeway, James, 75
Riggs, Frank, 56
Ringach, Dario, 175
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 125–126
Rodgers, William “Avalon”
arrest, 64
Gerlach, relationship, 81
Roselle, relationship, 201
“Setting Fires with Electrical Timers: An Earth Liberation Front Guide,” 90
suicide note, 69
Rokke, Michelle, 23
Roll Call
horse industry ad, 116–117
NABR ad, 160
Rolling Stone, 28, 90
Romania Chevrolet arson, 67, 87
Rosebraugh, Craig, 89, 101
Roselle, Mike, 53, 200–201
Rosenbergs (Julius and Ethel), 134
Rowley, Colleen, 60
Royal Bank of Scotland, 97
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 54
Rubin, Rebecca, 64, 82
Ruckus Society, 3–4, 76, 201
Rudolph, Eric, 46, 208–209, 214
See also Centennial Olympic Park bombing
Salon, 112
Samuel, Justin, 104, 124, 154
San Diego, Daniel Andrea, 228
San Diego housing development arson, 48
Sand County Almanac (Leopold), 52
Sandoz, 33
Sapone, Mary Lou, 51, 75
Sattar, Ahmed Abdel, 92
Save the Hill Grove Cats, 22
Save the Shamrock Monkeys, 22
Savoie, Suzanne
arrest, 63
Jefferson Poplar Farm arson, 88
law enforcement, cooperation, 69
McGowan, relationship, 85–86
Superior Lumber Company arson, 86–87
Schmid, Alex, and Albert Jongman; Political Terrorism: A Research Guide, 36–37
Schrecker, Ellen, 75
Schumacher, Greg, 179
Schumacher Furs and Outerwear, 179
Scott, Bobby, 117, 138, 166
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, 53, 76, 122
Sensenbrenner, James, 165–166, 169–171, 173
September 11, 2001
Fahrenheit 9/11 (Moore), 73
FBI terrorism timeline, 44
local department of homeland security established, 74
Moussaoui, and, 186
post-9/11 anti-environmentalism, 46, 58
post-9/11 climate, 136
post-9/11 decline in ALF/ELF crimes, 59
post-9/11 local law enforcement, 76
post-9/11 racial profiling, 5, 237
post-9/11 terrorism investigations, 60, 237
post-9/11 terrorism, use of term, 36, 38, 250
post-9/11 War on Terrorism, 37, 73
terrorism, as defined by, 36
tragedy as political opportunity, 124
Shabecoff, Philip, 52–53
SHAC (Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty)
American anti-apartheid movement, 94
“Animal Rights: Activism vs. Criminality” hearing, 25
animal welfare violations, 11
California Anti-Terrorism Information Center, 76
campaign, 95–100
Conroy, member, 24
corporate interests, and, 239–240
corporation pressure, 102–103
corporations fight back, 103–104
Dillbone, Jeffrey, and, 107
electronic civil disobedience, 107
FBI activist house raid, 23–24
Fulmer, member, 30
Gazzola, member, 24, 143–145, 152, 230
Harper, member, 28–29
Kjonaas, member, 24, 211
law expansion to include, 103–104
Lindsay, and, 155
NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., and, 106
PGP software, 100
secondary targetting techniques, 131
Stepanian, member, 209
trial, 32–33, 93–113
verdict, 113
Vlasak, testimony, 211
website, 94, 96, 98, 107–108
See also Huntingdon Life Sciences; Life Sciences Research International
SHAC 7
after sentencings, 157
awaiting sentencing, 149, 156
Britches’s rescue, 146
convicted of animal enterprise terrorism, 131
key players in prosecution, 231
laws convicting, 161
“SHAC 7 Week of Action,” 177
Solano, Ricardo, prosecution attorney, 180
vandalism after conviction, 174
Shaklee corporation bombing, 48, 110
SHAMROCK, 70, 79
See also NSA (National Security Agency)
Shamrock Farm, 22
Shapiro, Robert, 85
Sharp, Gene, 39
Sharp, William, 189, 194
Shell, 126
Sherrod, Kamber, 6, 15, 16, 217
Shiva, Vandana, 245
Shukrijumah, Adnan, 26
Siddiqui, Aafia, 26
Sierra Club
Brower, and, 52
letter from Scott McInnis, 191
“pie-ing,” 49, 203
Sierra Student Coalition, 223
Silent Spring (Carson), 53
Singer, Peter, 244
Smith, Wesley J., 246
Smith Act, 134
Society of Toxicology, 59
Solano, Ricardo, 180
Solondz, Justin, 64
Sorrel. See McGowan, Daniel
Southern Christian Leadership, 70
Southern Poverty Law Center, 49
Spear of the Nation (Umkhonto we Sizwe), 44
Spock, Benjamin, 98
St. Augustine, 40–41
Stack, Joseph, 237–238
Stenholm, Charles, 120
Stepanian, Andy
charged with conspiracy, 98, 153
CMU Marion, IL, 229
dossier, 26
post-CMU release, 221
singled out, 214
trial, 109
trial anticipation, 30
Stephens Inc.
corporate representative, 152
Dillbone, offense, 107
Global Options, and, 75
Johnson, and, 218
Kjonaas, and, 96–97
Little Rock protest, 104–105
Stevens, Val, 234
Stewart, Potter, 35–36
Stokes, Aaron (Aaron Kilner), 73
Stoner, Kelly, 58
“Stop Environmental Terrorism” (media campaign), 58
STRATFOR, 97, 156
Strugar, Matthew, 233
Student/Farmworker Alliance, 75
Students Against Cruelty to Animals, 29
Students for a Democratic Society, 70
Stumpo, Adriana, 232–233
Stumpo, Nathan, 233
Subhumans (punk band), 101
Sullivan, Louis, 55
Sullivan, Patrick, 149, 154
Sullivan, William, 70–71
Superior Lumber Company, 83, 86–87, 204
“SuperMax,” ADX-Florence, 208–212, 214
Synan, Jenny, 1–6, 200, 202–206, 224
Tankersley, Kendall, 63–64
Tanzania, car bomb, 26
Taylor, Bron, 244
Terre Haute federal penitentiary. See CMU Terre Haute, IN
terrorism
Bush, President George W., use of term, 38
Illinois definition, 37
impact, 37, 42
intent, 37, 41
Louisiana definition, 37
Maine Department of Public Safety “definition,” 38
motivation, 37, 42
obscenity, and, 36
Patriot Act definition, 37
policy, 40
public opinion, in, 40
scholarly attempts to define, 36–37
scope of, 41
speaker, as defined by, 43
State Department definition, 37
targets, 37, 40, 41
threats, 44–45, 46, 76
three principles of, 38–42
United Nations definition, 37
violence, 38–41
See also domestic terrorism; eco-terrorism; September 11, 2001; War on Terrorism
Texaco, 126
Texas Tech lab arson, 120
Theoharis, Jeanne, 216
This Is the A.L.F. (Conflict), 101
This Means War (Conroy and Harper), 153
Thomas Merton Center for Peace and Justice, 74
Thompson, Anne, 111
Thompson, Bennie G., 237–238
Three Cups of Tea (Mortensan and Relin), 191
Thurston, Darren
arrested, 64
direct action experimentation, 82
The Final Nail, 228
Gerlach, Chelsea, and, 69
romantic narrative of, 81
sentenced, 190–191
Tokyo subway bombings, 45
Torrey, Jim, 181
ToxExpo, 59
Tremayne, William H., 34
Trenton, NJ, 32–33
Trial (punk band), 152
Troen, Roger, 119
Trull, Frankie, 178–179
Truman, President Harry, 242
Trundley, William, 116, 131–132, 139
Trutt, Fran, 51–52, 75, 119
Tubbs, Kevin, 64, 69, 86–87, 184
Tulkin, Josh, 76
Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), 44
Un-American Activities Committee, 172
Undersea Railroad, 54
United Egg Producers, 180
United Nations, definition of terrorism, 37
United States v. McGowan, 92
University of Arizona arson, 120
University of California at Berkeley, 84, 235
University of California at Riverside raid, 54, 146
University of California Davis arson, 44, 55, 119
University of California Santa Cruz bombing, 246
University of Oregon raid, 54, 119
University of Pennsylvania’s Head Injury Clinic raid, 54
University of Utah vandalism, 175
University of Washington Horticulture Center arson, 88–89
U.S. Embassy in Beirut bombing, 44
U.S. Sportsmen’s Alliance, 128
U.S. State Department, definition of terrorism, 37
U.S. Surgical, 51
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), eco-terrorism security surveys, 61
Vail Inc. arson, 57, 66
Van Damme, Jean-Claude, 30
Vanderhein, Steve, 39–40
veganism
Coronado, 101
fur farm raiding, 101
Kucinich, 169
punk rock, 101–102, 152
“vegan jello,” 65
Young, 101
vegetarianism
dismissal of vegetarian juror, SHAC trial, 111–112
FARM outreach, 163
HoneyBaked Ham leafleting, 74
“vegetarian nation” threat, 246
Velure, Lyle, 89
Verizon, 70
Viehl, William, 233
violence, defined, 39–40
Virginia v. Black, 230
Vlasak, Jerry, 111, 247
Waagner, Clayton, 45
Wade, John, 223
Wagner, Travis, 59
Walden, Greg, 58
Walsh, Edward J., 124, 245
Walsh, Patrick, 239
Walzer, Michael, 41
War on Terrorism, 20, 34, 37, 63, 124, 174, 176, 188, 243
Waters, Briana, 64
Watson, Douglas, 84
Watson, Paul, 53
Watts, Robert, 106
Weather Underground, 96, 223, 228
Wendy’s, 127
Western Wildlife Unit (ALF), 67
Wetland Activism Collective, 83
Weyrich, Paul, 125
Whitman, Christine, 34
Whyte, Ronald M., 233
Willamette National Forest (Oregon), 1
Wilson, President Woodrow, 241
“Wise Use” movement, 55
Wolf, Naomi, 137
Wolke, Howie, 53
Women’s Law, 91
World Day for Laboratory Animals, 20
World Trade Center bombing, 44
World Trade Organization protests, 80, 85
World Wildlife Fund, 191
Wyeth, 33, 127, 161, 165
Wyngaarden, James B., 121
Yippies, 96, 201
Young, Don, 124
Young, Peter
“animal enterprise terrorism,” 223
hardcore scene, 101
Samuel, relationship, 104, 124, 154
Yum Brands, 244
Zacher, Joyanna
arrest anticipated, 64
Jefferson Poplar Farm arson, 88
refusal to talk, 69
Romania Chevrolet arson, 79
sentenced, 197
Sharp, attorney, 194
trial, 190, 192–197
Zapatistas, 11, 57
Zerzan, John, 86
Ziegler, Zelda, 184–185
Zinn, Howard, 118