Index

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Aa, River

Achard, lord of Châlus castle

Acre

battle of (1191)

Adhemar de le Puy, Bishop

Adolf of Egmond, Duke of Guelders

Agincourt, battle of (1415)

Aiguillon castle

Aimeric of Pavia; illus.

Aix

Alamut castle

Albara

Albert of Aachen

Aleppo

Alexandria

Alfonso V, King of Portugal

Alice, Princess of Antioch

Alnwick castle

Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy

Amalfi

Amaury IV of Montfort

Amboise castle

Ambroise, chronicler of the Third Crusade

Anagni

Andley

Anna Comnena

Anonymous chronicler of the First Crusade

Anonymous Syriac Chronicle

al-Ansarī, Umar

Anselm of Ribemont

Antioch

battle of (1098)

siege and storming of (1097/8): description of the city; illus. 5; garrison; Crusader army; civilian population; religious tensions in the city; regular siege operations; vulnerability to special operations; plots and counter-plots to betray the city; Firuz’s plot to betray the city; illus. 6; betrayal and storming (3 June 1098); illus. 6; attack on citadel; impact and importance of the operation

Antwerp

Arles

Arleux

Armenians

Arnold of Egmond, Duke of Guelders

Arras, peace of (1435)

arrows

Arson, Jehan de

artillery

gunpowder

mechanical

Artuqids

Ascalon

assassination; see also poisoning

examples of: Buri, Sultan of Damascus (1131); Bursuqi, ruler of Mosul (1126); Charles ‘the Good’, Count of Flanders; illus. 4; Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy (1462); Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy (1464); Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy (1468); Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy (1470); Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

(assasination, examples of) (1536); Conrad of Montferrat (1192); Edward I, King of England (1270); François, Dauphine of France (1536); Governor of Gisors (1123); Janāh al-Dawla (1090s); Janāh al-Dawla (1103); Mu’in al-Din Kashi (1126); Nizam al-Mulk (1092); Philip ‘the Good’, Duke of Burgundy (1433); Philip of Montfort (1270); al-Rashid, Abbasid Caliph (1138); Raymond II, Count of Tripoli (1152); Saladin (1170s)

Assassins (Muslim sect) See Nizaris

Atahuallpa, Inca Emperor

atrocities

Aubagne

Aubigny, lord of

Auriol, demolition of mill of (1536); strategic importance; description of town and mill; Imperialist garrison and defences; French plan and preparations; the march from Marseilles; the attack; the demolition; the march back to Marseilles; aftermath; impact and importance of the operation

Avignon

Axspoele, battle of (1128)

Ayyubid Empire

Azaz

battle of (1125)

Badr ibn Artuq

Baghras

Bajazet I, Sultan of Ottoman Empire

Baker, Geoffrey le

Balak ibn Artuq, Prince of Aleppo

Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem

Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem

Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem

Balian II, of Ibelin

Balliol, Edward

Bannockburn, battle of (1314)

Bar Hebraeus, Gregory Abu’l Faraj

Barak, Ehud

Barbezieux, lord of

Barge

Bari

Basin, Thomas

battles

Baudouin, Bastard of Burgundy

Baybars, Sultan of Egypt

Beauchamp, John

Becket, Thomas

Behesni

Bel, Jean le

Béla IV, King of Hungary

Bellay, Martin du

Berkyaruk, Seljuk Sultan

Berwick

Béthune

betrayal See treason

Biere, Pepin de

Black Death

Black Hawk Down

bodyguards

Bohemond ‘the Turk’

Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch

Bohemond IV, Prince of Antioch

Bohr, Nils

Boniface VIII, Pope

Bonne of Nevers, Duchess of Burgundy

Bonneville castle

Borselen, Frank van

Bosworth, battle of (1485)

Boutières, lord of

Bouvines, battle of (1214)

Breteuil

bribery

bridges, as targets of special operations

brigandage

Bruce, Robert (King Robert I of Scotland)

Bruges

Brusthem, battle of (1467)

Buren castle

Bures, Vincent de

Burgundy, House of

Buri, Sultan of Damascus

Bursuqi, ruler of Mosul

Cairo

Cajamarca

Calais

siege of (1346)

attempted storming of (1350): strategic importance of Calais; position and garrison; failure of regular operations; French plot of betrayal; French plan of attack; English counter-plot; the storming attempt; illus. 8; aftermath

Candé castle

Caours, Raoul de

Capet, House of

Carignano

Castel Sant’Angelo

Castelpers, lord of

Castillon, battle of (1453)

Castlenau, Peter of

Cathars

Ceresole, battle of (1544)

Châlus castle

Chambéry

Chanson du Chevalier du Cygne

chansons de geste

Charles I ‘the Good’, Count of Flanders; illus. 4

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy

family and children

fears of assassination and kidnapping

relations with Duke Philip ‘the Good’

Coustain affair

Rubempré affair

War of the Public Weal

Péronne conference

war with Liège

nearly assassinated by Liègeois

plot of Baudouin of Burgundy

propaganda war with Louis XI

kidnaps the dukes of Guelders

kidnaps Count Henry of Württemberg

wars in Germany, Switzerland, Savoy

kidnaps Duchess Yolanda of Savoy

death

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles III ‘the Simple’, King of France

Charles IV, King of France

Charles V, King of France

Charles VII, King of France

Charles VIII, King of France

Charles II, King of Hungary and Naples

Charles II ‘the Bad’, King of Navarre

Charles of France, Duke of Guienne

Charles of Spain, Constable of France

Charny, Geoffroi de; illus. 8

Charroi de Nîmes

Chartres; illus. 2

Chastellain, George

Chester, Earl Ranulf of

chevauchées

chivalric romances

chivalry

and ideal of ‘fair play’

and special operations

theatrical gestures in chivalric wars

civilians

as targets of special operations

participating in special operations

Clisson, Olivier de

Clito, William

Clovis, King of France

Coligny, Admiral of France

Comborn castle

command and control

Commynes, Philippe de

comradeship

Conquereuil, battle of (992)

Conrad of Montferrat (King Conrad I of Jerusalem)

assassination of (1192): reasons for; preparations for; the operation; impact and importance of the operation; place in historical memory

Constantinople

coronations

Cortés, Hernando

Coustain, Jehan

Crécy, battle of (1346)

crossbows

Crotoy

Croy, family

cultural aspects

of special forces

of special operations; see also chivalry and special operations

Dalik

Damascus

Damietta

dams, as targets of special operations

David II, King of Scotland

deception and ‘foul play’; see also disguise, double agents

demolition

Diesbach, Ludwig von

Dijon

disease in war

disguise

Doria, Andrea

Dorylaeum, battle of (1097)

double agents

Douglas, Archibald

Douglas, James

Douglas, earls of

Dover

Duqaq of Damascus

Durazzo

Eban Emael

Edessa

Edward I, King of England

Edward II, King of England

Edward III, King of England

Edward IV, King of England

Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Naples

Elizabeth of Görlitz, Duchess of Luxembourg

Elster, battle of (1085)

Engelbert II, Archbishop of Cologne

Enghien, Duke of

Entebbe

escalade

espionage

Euphrates, River

explosives

Fatimid Empire

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand II, King of Aragon

Fiennes, lord of

films, and special operations

Firuz, captain in the garrison of Antioch; illus. 6

Fleury, Jean

Florence

Foix, Gaston de

Fonteraille, lord of

Ford, Gerald

Formigny, battle of (1450)

fortified places

as targets of special operations; see also storming, treason

Fossano

Franchimont

François, Dauphine of France

François, Duke of Guise

François I, King of France

Frederick I ‘Barbarossa’, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Fréjus

Fretun castle

Froissart, Jean

Frontinus, Sextus Julius

Fulcher of Chartres

Gaeta

Galeran, Count of Birejik

Gascony

Gavere, battle of (1453)

Geneva

Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou

Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou

Gex

Ghent

Gisors

Glanvil, Ralph of

Godfrey Almuin

Godfrey of Bouillon

Gorinchem castle

Grandson, battle of (1476)

Grave castle

Gregory VII, Pope

Grenier, Eustace

Guasco, Christophe

Guelders, dukes of; see also Adolf of Egmond, Arnold of Egmond

Guibert de Nogent

Guiscard, Robert

Gulf War, Second

gunpowder

Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem

Habsburg, House of

Hallidon Hill, battle of (1333)

Harold Godwineson, King of England

Harran

battle of (1104)

Hasan i-Sabah

Hashīshīn (Muslim sect) See Nizaris

Hastings, battle of (1066)

Hattin, battle of (1187)

Haynin, Jean de

Henry, Count of Württemberg

Henry, Duke of Guise

Henry I, King of England

Henry II, King of England

Henry V, King of England

Henry VI, King of England

Henry II, King of France

Henry III, King of France

Henry IV, King of France

Henry I, King of Jerusalem (Count Henry of Champagne)

Hesdin

Holy Ampulla of Rheims

honour

Horne, Henric van

Hospitallers, military order

hostages

Humières, lord of

Hussein, Saddam

Huveaune, River

Huy

Ibelin, family

Ibn al-Athīr, ‘Izz al-Dīn

Ibn al-Qalānisī, Hamza ibn Asad

Ibn Hamud, Prince of Enna

Il-Ghazi ibn Artuq

Iliad

incendiaries

infrastructure facilities, as targets of special operations; see also bridges, dams, markets, mills, production centres

interpreters

Isabel of Bourbon, Countess of Charolais

Isabel of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy

Isabella, daughter of Edward III

Isabella I, Queen of Castile

Isabella, Queen of England

Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem

István V, King of Hungary

Jacque-Louis, Prince of Savoy

Jacqueline, Duchess of Holland

Jaffa

James I, King of Aragon

James I, King of Scotland

James II, King of Scotland

James Bond

Janāh al-Dawla

Japan, special operations in

Jāwāli, Muslim leader

Jean III, Count of Namur

Jean ‘the Fearless’, Duke of Burgundy

Jean II, King of France

Jeanne d’Arc

Jerusalem

John I, King of England

John of Bavaria, Duke of Holland

Joinville, Jean de

Joscelin I, Count of Edessa

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

Jovius, Paulus

Juana ‘the Mad’, Queen of Castile

Juvaini, Muslim chronicler

Kafartab

Kamāl al-Dīn ibn al-‘Adīm

Kantara

Kelso, bridge

Kerbogah, Atabeg of Mosul

Khartpert castle

storming of (1123): description of fortress; plan of operation; storming operation; holding the fortress after the operation; rescue of Joscelin I; Crusader relief army; recaptured by Balak; impact and importance of the operation

kidnapping

examples of: Adolf and Arnold, dukes of Guelders (1472); Arnold, Duke of Guelders (1465); Atahuallpa, Inca Emperor (1532); Boniface VIII, Pope (1303); Charles ‘the Bold’, Duke of Burgundy (1464); Henry, Count of Württemberg (1473); Isabella, Queen of England (1330); Louis of Bourbon, Prince-Bishop of Liège (1468); Montezuma II, Emperor of Mexico (1519); William ‘the Lion’, King of Scotland (1174); Yolanda, Duchess of Savoy (1476)

Kossovo, battle of (1389)

La Billière, Peter de

La Marche, Olivier de

La Trémoille, George de

Ladislas I, King of Bohemia

Lausanne

leaders, military and political

importance of

as targets of special operations; see also assassination, bodyguards, kidnapping, Nizaris, poisoning, rescuing

leaders, religious, as targets of special operations

Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor

Leonardo da Vinci

Leyva, Antonio de

Liège

Lille

Lincoln

Lindau, Banthaleon von

Loches castle

London

Lord of the Rings

Louis VI, King of France

Louis VII, King of France

Louis XI, King of France

plots against Charles ‘the Bold’

War of the Public Weal

Péronne conference

war with Liège

nearly assassinated by Liègeois

plot of Baudouin of Burgundy

propaganda war with Charles ‘the Bold’

fears of assassination and kidnapping

diplomatic war against Charles ‘the Bold’

and the kidnapping of Duchess Yolanda of Savoy

war against Duchess Marie of Burgundy

Louis de Mâle, Count of Flanders

Louis of Bourbon, Prince-Bishop of Liège

Louis of Valois, Duke of Anjou

Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans

Louise of Savoy

Luxembourg

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Madrid, treaty of (1526)

Maggi, Cesare

Malik-Shah, Seljuk Sultan

Malta

Mameluks

al-Ma’mūn, Fatimid Caliph

manuals, military

maps

Marco Polo illus. 7

Margaret de Mâle, Countess of Flanders

Margaret of Hainault

Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary

Marie, Duchess of Burgundy

Marie of Savoy

markets, as targets of special operations

Marseilles

masculinity

Matilda, Holy Roman Empress

Matthew of Edessa

Mauléon, Bascot de

Mauny, Walter

Maurice of Saxony

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Medici, Catherine de, Queen of France

Melfi

Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem

Menbij

mercenaries

Metz

Meulan; illus. 1

Meung-sur-Loire castle

Michael the Syrian

Michelle of France, Duchess of Burgundy

mills, as targets of special operations

Mission: Impossible

Mongols

Monluc, Blaise de

early life and career

plan and preparations for raid on Auriol

the march from Marseilles

the attack

the demolition of the mill

the march back to Marseilles

aftermath of the raid

subsequent career

Mons

Monstrelet

Montagu, William

Montbéliard

Montepeloso

Montereau

Montezuma II, Emperor of Mexico

Montferrat, family

Montlhéry

battle of (1465)

family

Montmorency, Anne de

More, Thomas

Morlaix, battle of (1342)

Morphia, Queen of Jerusalem

Mortimer, Roger

Morat, battle of (1476)

Mosul

motivation of soldiers

Muhammad ibn Buzurgumīd

Mu’in al-Din Kashi

Muisit, Gilles le

Munich Olympics Massacre (1972)

Murad I, Ottoman Sultan

Muret, battle of (1213)

Murray, Andrew

Mussolini, Benito

Muy

Nancy, battle of (1477)

Naples

narcotics; illus. 7

national symbols, as targets of special operations

naval special operations

Netanyahu, Benjamin

Neuss, siege of (1474/5)

Nice, truce of (1538)

Nicea

Nicosia, battle of (1229)

Nîmes

ninja

Niort

Nizam al-Mulk

Nizaris; see also Sinān

and incineration of the Aleppo market

Bahra enclave

capturing fortified places by special operations

extermination by the Mongols

hostility of mainstream Muslims

image in the West; illus. 7

known as Assassins and Hashīshīn

missionary efforts

persecution of sect

religious beliefs

use of assassination: fidā’īs, their training and skills; methods of assassination; narcotics and assassination; illus. 7

use of assassination for propaganda purposes

Norsk Hydro power station

Nottingham

nuclear program, as target of special operations

Oise, River

Orange, Count Guillaume of

Orderic Vitalis

Orleans

Orleans, Bastard of

Orontes, River

Oxford castle

Paris

Pavia

battle of (1525)

Péronne

Peter I, King of Cyprus

Philaretos, governor of Antioch

Philibert I, Duke of Savoy

Philip ‘le Hardi’, Duke of Burgundy

Philip ‘the Good’, Duke of Burgundy

Philip II, King of France

Philip VI, King of France

Philip II, King of Spain

Philip of Montfort

Philip of Saint-Pol, Duke of Brabant

Philip of Savoy

Philippa, Queen of England

Picquigny

Picquigny, Jean de

piracy

Pizarro, Francisco

Plantagenet, House of

Plessis-les-Tours

poisoning

Poitiers, battle of (1356)

Polyaenus

Pons I, Count of Tripoli

Pont-de-l’Arche

Pontoise; illus. 3

Porto, Count Pietro

ports

Postelles, Gille de

prisoners of war

production centres, as targets of special operations; see also mills

propaganda and special operations

psychological warfare

Raiders of the Lost Ark

al-Rashid, Abbasid Caliph

Ravenna

battle of (1512)

Raymond II, Count of Tripoli

Reagan, Ronald

Reginald of Sidon

relics, as targets of special operations

Renneville, Jehan de

Renti, Oudart de; illus. 8

rescuing

examples of: Adolf, Duke of Guelders (1471); Charles ‘the Bad’, King of Navarre (1357); Entebbe (1976); Jacqueline, Duchess of Holland (1425); Joscelin I, Count of Edessa (1123); Louis de Mâle, Count of Flanders (1347); Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (1142); Yolanda, Duchess of Savoy (1476)

Rheims

Rhône, River

Ribbemont, Eustache de

Richard I, King of England

Richard III, King of England

Ridwan of Aleppo

rivers

Robert I, King of Scotland (Robert Bruce)

Rochechouart, Antoine de

Roger I, Prince of Antioch

Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia

Rolin, Nicolas

Rome

Rouen

Roumare, Earl William of

Roussargue, mountains

Rouvres castle

Rubempré, Bastard of

Ryukan

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572)

Saint-Claude

St Mark the Evangelist

St Omer, town

Saint-Quentin

battle of (1557)

St Symeon, port

Saladin

Salerno

Sanjar, Seljuk Sultan

Santa Croce, Onofrio de

Saulx-Tavannes, Gaspard de

Saulx-Tavannes, Jean de

Saving Private Ryan

Schertlin von Burtenbach, Sebastian

Schwarzenegger, Arnold

scientists, as targets of special operations

Scott, Walter

security measures against special operations; see also bodyguards

Seine, River

Seljuk Empire

September attacks

Shaizar

Shams ad-Daulah

Sharon, Ariel

sharp-shooting

Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem

siege warfare; see also escalade, fortified places, storming, treason

Siena, siege of (1555)

Silpius, mountain; illus. 5

Sinān, Rashīd al-Dīn

small unit cohesion

Somme towns

special forces

late modern

pre-1800