ILLUSTRATIONS

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Painting by Canadian artist Paul Kane of the 1847 eruption of Mount St. Helens

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Mount St. Helens and Spirit Lake before the 1980 eruption

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Frederick Weyerhaeuser (above), who built a lumber empire from a small sawmill on the banks of the Mississippi River, and James J. Hill (below), his next-door neighbor in St. Paul

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Gifford Pinchot (above), at about the time he served as secretary for the National Forest Commission, and President Theodore Roosevelt (below)

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The newly formed crater on top of the volcano in late March 1980

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Geologist Dave Johnston collecting samples from the crater in April 1980

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The Coldwater I station on the edge of a ridge eight miles from the volcano

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Dave Johnston at Coldwater II on May 17

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An ash-covered Mount St. Helens from Coldwater II on May 17

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Mount St. Helens erupting on Sunday, May 18, 1980

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The blast cloud on the east side of the volcano

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Fawn Lake after the eruption, where John and Christy Killian were camping

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A Weyerhaeuser company crummy submerged in a mudflow from the volcano

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Rescuers looking at the remains of photographer Reid Blackburn in his ash-filled car at Coldwater I

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Ralph Killian looking for his son at Fawn Lake the year after the eruption

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The Green River valley looking west toward the area where Clyde Croft and Al Handy were camping on the morning of the eruption

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Satellite photograph of Mount St. Helens taken in the spring of 2015

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Mount St. Helens in 1982, with a new volcanic cone rising from its crater