1

Hillard, David & Donald Weise, eds. The Huey P. Newton Reader. New York: Sven Stories, 2002.

2

See FBI Memos: Feb. 29 and May 4, 1968. Churchill, Ward & Jim Vander Wall, Agents of Repression: The FBI’s Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement. Boston: South End Press, 1988. 58.

3

From 1961, with his arrest and imprisonment during the Freedom Rides, to 1966, Kwame was arrested twenty-seven times. He was detained or arrested numerous other times between 1966 and 1985. When J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI launched COINTELPRO in August 1967, Kwame was its prime target. Also beginning in 1967, he was banned from traveling to or speaking in the British Commonwealth and French Community. He was also opposed by the Soviet Union, and the countries, movements, and organizations over which it exercised influence and control. His writings and speeches, especially Black Power, were banned, and their sales and distribution discouraged. The FBI, CIA, White House, and other governments received reports from the U.S. Embassy about his funeral.

4

Fannie Lou Hamer, a forty-five-year-old sharecropper who worked on a Sunflower County, Miss., plantation, was forced to leave after registering to vote. She was shot at several times, once in her own home, by whites in the area. As a Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegate to the 1964 National Democratic Party Convention in Atlantic City, N.J., Mrs. Hamer and other delegates tried to unseat “regular Democrats”—and failed. In 1965, she was badly beaten in the Winona, Miss., bus station—just after the civil rights bill had been passed.

Mrs. Hamer is presently engaged in a political race against Jamie Whitney (who has been in office for over twenty years) for Mississippi’s second congressional seat in the U.S. Congress.

5

Flowers was the so-called “liberal” candidate running against Wallace for the governorship of Alabama.

6

The Lowndes County Freedom Organization slate lost that election by a narrow margin amid much violence on election day. They received enough votes, however, to qualify as an official party in Alabama, and are now called the Lowndes County Freedom Party.

7

Included in this collection.

8

An avid segregationist, George Mahoney ran against Spiro Agnew for governorship of Maryland. His campaign slogan on the issue of integrated housing was “A Man’s Home Is His Castle.”

9

“Anglo” is a term used by Latin Americans and Spanish-speaking persons in the United States to denote Anglo-Saxons and other non-Spanish-speaking Europeans.

10

Special high-powered guns that can send bullets through brick walls ten feet thick; used as heavy duty police weapons.

11

Rap Brown, Jim Forman, Chico Neblett, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver, Brother “Bunchy” Alprentice Carter (later killed during shoot-out on U.C.L.A. campus), and Ron Dellums.

12

In 1917, Lord Balfour bowed to Zionist pressure and declared that the British government was in favor of establishing a “national home” for the Jewish people in Palestine. The British government then contradicted that statement by adding that nothing should be done to damage the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish inhabitants of Palestine—the Arabs.

13

The reference is to SNCC’s Newsletter, Summer 1967, which exposed Zionist tactics and terrorism in Palestine.

14

Fatima Bernawi, black Palestinian woman from Jerusalem, sentenced to life imprisonment by the Israeli occupation forces for her resistance activities as a member of Al Fatah.

15

By Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.

16

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (United States and Western European military establishment).