Here are some of the sources I used to learn more about the Flamboyants profiled in this book. I loved reading about them and hope you do, too!
AFRICAN AMERICAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY SOCIETY (WWW.AAIHS.ORG)
BLACKPAST (WWW.BLACKPAST.ORG)
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY
HARLEM WORLD MAGAZINE
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (WWW.LOC.GOV)
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE (NMAAHC.SI.EDU)
NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY (WWW.NYHISTORY.ORG)
POETRY.ORG (POETRY.ORG)
POETRYFOUNDATION.ORG (WWW.POETRYFOUNDATION.ORG)
SANKOFA.ORG (SANKOFA.ORG)
SCHOMBURG CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN BLACK CULTURE (WWW.NYPL.ORG/LOCATIONS/SCHOMBURG)
THE LEGACY PROJECT (LEGACYPROJECTCHICAGO.ORG)
LANGSTON HUGHES
HUGHES, LANGSTON. “LET AMERICA BE AMERICA AGAIN.” POETS.ORG. POETS.ORG/POEM/LET-AMERICA-BE-AMERICA-AGAIN.
HUGHES, LANGSTON. “WHEN THE NEGRO WAS IN VOGUE.” 20TH CENT. AMERICAN LIT, ALYSSAH20THCENTURYLIT.WEEBLY.COM/WHEN-THE-NEGRO-WAS-IN-VOGUE-BY-LANGSTON-HUGHES.HTML.
“LANGSTON HUGHES: THE POETIC INSPIRATION FOR LORRAINE HANSBERRY.” A NOISE WITHIN, MARCH 29, 2018. WWW.ANOISEWITHIN.ORG/LANGSTON-HUGHES-POETIC-INSPIRATION-LORRAINE-HANSBERRY/.
SEE, SAM. “‘SPECTACLES IN COLOR’: THE PRIMITIVE DRAG OF LANGSTON HUGHES.” PMLA 124, NO. 3 (May 2009): 798–816. WWW.JSTOR.ORG/STABLE/25614324.
COUNTEE CULLEN
“COUNTEE CULLEN BRANCH, NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY.” NYC LGBT HISTORIC SITES PROJECT.
WWW.NYCLGBTSITES.ORG/SITE/COUNTEE-CULLEN-BRANCH-NEW-YORK-PUBLIC-LIBRARY/.
JOSEPHINE BAKER
DENéCHèRE, YVES. “JOSEPHINE BAKER’S ‘RAINBOW TRIBE’ AND THE PURSUIT OF UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD.” THE CONVERSATION, NOVEMBER 30, 2021. THECONVERSATION.COM/AMP/JOSEPHINE-BAKERS-RAINBOW-TRIBE-AND-THE-PURSUIT-OF-UNIVERSAL-BROTHERHOOD-172714.
JACKSON, LAUREN MICHELLE. “JOSEPHINE BAKER WAS THE STAR FRANCE WANTED—AND THE SPY IT NEEDED.” THE NEW YORKER, AUGUST 8, 2022. WWW.NEWYORKER.COM/MAGAZINE/2022/08/15/JOSEPHINE-BAKER-WAS-THE-STAR-FRANCE-WANTED-AND-THE-SPY-IT-NEEDED-DAMIEN-LEWIS-AGENT-JOSEPHINE.
“JOSEPHINE BAKER: TRIBUTE TO A GREAT LADY.” CHâTEAU & JARDINS DES MILANDES. WWW.MILANDES.COM/EN/JOSEPHINE-BAKER/.
RICHARD BRUCE NUGENT
“RICHARD BRUCE NUGENT PAPERS.” BEINECKE RARE BOOK & MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY, BEINECKE.LIBRARY.YALE.EDU/ARTICLE/RICHARD-BRUCE-NUGENT-PAPERS-0.
NUGENT, RICHARD BRUCE. “SMOKE, LILIES AND JADE.” FIRE!! A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO THE YOUNGER NEGRO ARTISTS 1, NO. 1 (1926): 33–39. WWW.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS/EDITION/FIRE/-4SRAQAAMAAJ?HL=EN&GBPV=1.
MA RAINEY
BRANDMAN, MARIANA. “GERTRUDE ‘MA’ RAINEY.” NATIONAL WOMEN’S HISTORY MUSEUM, 2021. WWW.WOMENSHISTORY.ORG/EDUCATION-RESOURCES/BIOGRAPHIES/GERTRUDE-MA-RAINEY.
CHOW, ANDREW R. “MA RAINEY IS BEST KNOWN AS A PIONEER OF THE BLUES. BUT SHE BROKE MORE THAN MUSICAL BARRIERS.” TIME, DECEMBER 18, 2020. TIME.COM/5923096/MA-RAINEY-TRUE-STORY/.
DAVIS, ANGELA Y. BLUES LEGACIES AND BLACK FEMINISM: GERTRUDE “MA” RAINEY, BESSIE SMITH, AND BILLIE HOLIDAY. NEW YORK: VINTAGE, 1998.
SMITH, DAVID. “‘ALL THEY WANT IS MY VOICE’: THE REAL STORY OF ‘MOTHER OF THE BLUES’ MA RAINEY.” THE GUARDIAN, DECEMBER 15, 2020. WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/MUSIC/2020/DEC/15/MA-RAINEY-BLACK-BOTTOM-NETFLIX-MOTHER-OF-THE-BLUES.
ALAIN LOCKE
HASLETT, TOBI. “THE MAN WHO LED THE HARLEM ERNAISSANCE—AND HIS HIDDEN HUNGERS.” THE NEW YORKER, MAY 14, 2018. WWW.NEWYORKER.COM/MAGAZINE/2018/05/21/ALAIN-LOCKE-HARLEM-RENAISSANCE.
LOCKE, ALAIN. THE NEW NEGRO: AN INTERPRETATION. NEW YORK: A. AND C. BONI, 1925.
BESSIE SMITH
DAY, MEAGAN. “BULLDYKERS AND LADY LOVERS: THE RUMORS ABOUT LESBIAN BLUES SINGERS WERE ALL TRUE.” MEDIUM, JULY 1, 2016. TIMELINE.COM/LESBIAN-BLUES-HARLEM-SECRET-F3DA10EC2334.
HEUCHAN, HELEN. “‘FOLKS SAY I’M CROOKED’: CELEBRATING BLACK LESBIAN BLUES ICONS.” AFTER ELLEN, FEBRUARY 19, 2021. AFTERELLEN.COM/BLACK-LESBIAN-BLUES-ICONS/.
HUGHES, LANGSTON. “WHEN THE NEGRO WAS IN VOGUE.” IN THE BIG SEA. NEW YORK: HILL AND WANG, 1940, 223–32.
THOMPKINS, GWEN. “FOREBEARS: BESSIE SMITH, THE EMPRESS OF THE BLUES.” NPR MUSIC, JANUARY 5, 2018. WWW.NPR.ORG/2018/01/05/575422226/FOREBEARS-BESSIE-SMITH-THE-EMPRESS-OF-THE-BLUES
GLADYS BENTLEY
BENTLEY, GLADYS. “BOOGIE’N MY WOOGIE” (1945). GENIUS. GENIUS.COM/GLADYS-BENTLEY-BOOGIEN-MY-WOOGIE-1945-LYRICS.
BENTLEY, GLADYS. “I AM A WOMAN AGAIN.” EBONY. AUGUST 1952.
“GLADYS BENTLEY.” QUEER CULTURAL CENTER. QUEERCULTURALCENTER.ORG/GLADYS-BENTLEY/.
“GLADYS BENTLEY: GENDER-BENDING PERFORMER AND MUSICIAN.” AMERICAN MASTERS, PBS, JUNE 3, 2020. WWW.PBS.ORG/WNET/AMERICANMASTERS/GLADYS-BENTLEY-GENDER-BENDING-PERFORMER-AND-MUSICIAN-I0XLO0/14597/.
SHAH, HALEEMA. “THE GREAT BLUES SINGER GLADYS BENTLEY BROKE ALL THE RULES.” SMITHSONIAN, MARCH 14, 2019. WWW.SMITHSONIANMAG.COM/SMITHSONIAN-INSTITUTION/GREAT-BLUES-SINGER-GLADYS-BENTLEY-BROKE-RULES-180971708/.
CLAUDE MCKAY
DU BOIS, W. E. B. THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. CHICAGO: A. C. MCCLURG AND CO., 1903.
MCKAY, CLAUDE. HOME TO HARLEM. NEW YORK: HARPER & BROS., 1928.
MCKAY, CLAUDE. “IF WE MUST DIE.” POETRY FOUNDATION. WWW.POETRYFOUNDATION.ORG/POEMS/44694/IF-WE-MUST-DIE.
MCKAY, CLAUDE. A LONG WAY FROM HOME. NEW YORK: L. FURMAN, 1937.
MCKAY, CLAUDE. SONGS OF JAMAICA. KINGSTON, JAMAICA: ASTON W. GARDNER & CO., 1912.
JIMMIE DANIELS
“JIMMIE DANIELS.” NATIONAL BLACK JUSTICE COALITION, JUNE 28, 2017. BEENHERE.ORG/2017/06/28/JIMMY-DANIELS/.
“JIMMIE DANIELS AND REX MADSEN RESIDENCE.” NYC LGBT HISTORIC SITES PROJECT. WWW.NYCLGBTSITES.ORG/SITE/JIMMIE-DANIELS-REX-MADSEN-RESIDENCE/.
“THE ORIGINS OF FIRE ISLAND’S TEA DANCE AT THE BLUE WHALE.” FIRE ISLAND PINES HISTORICAL PRESERVATION SOCIETY. WWW.PINESHISTORY.ORG/THE-ARCHIVES/TAG/JIMMIE+DANIELS.
ETHEL WATERS
“ETHEL WATERS.” BI.ORG. BI.ORG/EN/FAMOUS/ETHEL-WATERS.
“ETHEL WATERS.” BROADWAY: THE AMERICAN MUSICAL, PBS. WWW.PBS.ORG/WNET/BROADWAY/STARS/ETHEL-WATERS/.
“JOY OUT OF FIRE: ETHEL WATERS.” NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY, AUGUST 29, 2018. WWW.NYPL.ORG/BLOG/2018/08/29/JOY-OUT-FIRE-ETHEL-WATERS
ZORA NEALE HURSTON
HURSTON, ZORA NEALE. THEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT, 1937.
HURSTON, ZORA NEALE. DUST TRACKS ON A ROAD: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT, 1942.
WALKER, ALICE. “IN SEARCH OF ZORA NEAL HURSTON,” MS., MARCH 1975, 74–89.
WALTERS, TIM. “BLACK HISTORY MONTH: ZORA NEALE HURSTON DIED ALONE, HER BELONGINGS ALMOST BURNED. NOW THERE IS A FESTIVAL IN HER NAME.” FLORIDA TODAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2020. WWW.PALMBEACHPOST.COM/STORY/NEWS/2020/02/25/BLACK-HISTORY-MONTH-ZORA-NEALE-HURSTON-DIED-ALONE-BELONGINGS-ALMOST-BURNED-THERE-FESTIVAL-HER-NAME/1643050007/.