rion, 265The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Aaron:
and Letter to Hebrews, 133
and Levite priests, 82–83, 263, 279
and Maccabees, 89
priesthood of, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 161, 279
staff of, 83, 143, 144
Abel, 78, 285, 288
Abelard, 170, 176, 177
on atonement, 204, 210
on Jesus’ exemplary life, 206, 207, 208
and ransom theory, 168, 173
Abraham:
bosom of, 222–23
fidelity of, 285–86
God’s promise to, 130, 139, 278
and Isaac, 163, 176, 178, 180, 286
loins of, 137
and Melchizedek, see Melchizedek
seed of, 131
tithes of, 84, 86–87, 99, 102, 111–13, 137, 278–79
accidents, substance and, 44–47, 50
Acton, John, 1st Baron Acton, 28
Acts of the Apostles, 9, 13, 78
Adam:
birth of, 195
and Christ’s death, 178–80, 181
and disharmony, 193
and Eve, 170
life of, 204, 208
sin of, 204, 219
Akiva, Rabbi, 156n1
Albright, W. G., 94
Alger of Liège, 59
Allen, David, 128n6, 147, 148
altar:
eating at, 150–52
man’s heart as, 196
of sacrifice, 174–75
Ambrose of Milan, 223, 226, 227
“Amen” (affirmation), 17
Ammonites, 100
Amos, 74, 77
Andronicus and Junia, 8
angels:
as attendants, 134, 271–72, 273, 288
fallen, 148, 182–83
punctum of, 43–44
animal sacrifice, 65, 132
blood offerings, 146, 173–75, 282, 289
carcasses burned outside the camp, 120, 150, 152–53, 289
human sacrifice vs., 142, 167, 173–75, 211–12, 282
and ritual killing, 147, 162
and scapegoat, 174, 177
as unacceptable today, 163–64, 167
Annas and Caiaphas, 40
annihilists, 46, 185
Anselm of Canterbury:
on atonement, 184–85, 203, 210–12
on creation, 183–84
on God’s love, 218–19
on Jesus’ killers, 176, 177–85, 197, 207
Proslogion, 182–83
symmetries of, 183
on the Trinity, 180, 184, 191–92, 203
Why God-Man? (Cur Deus Homo?), 168–70, 177–78
Apollos, 120
apostasies, 224–25
apostles, 7–14
definition of, 8
as equals, 11–12
as Holy Men, 17
names for, 9–10
roles of, 8, 10–14
The Twelve, 8–11, 233
see also specific apostles
apostolic succession, 3
Aquila, 120
Arians, 226
Aristotle, 204
divine principle of, 165, 166
and Fourth Lateran Council, 47
on matter and form, 220–23
on substance vs. accidents, 44–45, 46, 47
Ark of the Covenant, 111–12, 143
Shrine of, 140, 144–45, 267, 281–82
Arpachshad, 103
atheism, arguments for, 166
atom school, 44
atonement:
blood for, 173–74
at Hilastrion, 265
ransom theory of, 167–68, 173, 176, 197
sacrifices as, 152, 173–75, 184, 276–77
scapegoat theory of, 174, 177
subjectivity of, 203–4, 210–12
substitution theory of, 173–74, 207
Yom Kippur, 152, 173–74
Attridge, Harold W., 92, 125–26, 148–49
Augustine, Saint:
City of God, 196
and Crucifixion, 196, 197, 203
and Eucharist, 16, 49–50, 55–56, 58, 60, 65, 211, 244, 246
and Incarnation, 191, 192, 193, 206, 208, 210
Interpretation of John’s Gospel, 195–98
and Letter to Hebrews, 126
on original sin, 222
philosophy of the sign, 49
and sacraments, 49–50, 226, 230
on understanding, 259
Azazel goat, 174, 177
Bacon, Roger, 22
Baer, Chrysostom, 128n6
Balthasar, Hans Urs von, 56, 183
baptism, 15, 217, 218, 219–20, 222–23, 226
infant, 222, 223
Barach, 78
Barnabas, 13, 120
Bartlett, Anthony, 177–78, 184
Baruch, 74
Belial, 97
Benediction, 24, 29
Benedict XIII, Pope, 66n5
Benedict XIV, Pope, 66n5
Benedict XVI, Pope, 63–64, 65
Bera, King, 84, 86–87, 98, 102
Berengar of Tours, 49, 50, 55, 56, 203
Bernard of Clairvaux, 172n21
Bernini, Saint Longinus, 41n18
Berrigan, Daniel, S.J., 1
Bickell, Gustavus, 88
Blenkinsopp, Joseph, 72, 73
blood of Christ:
as payment to the devil, 199
possibility of poison in, 48
relics of, 36–39
in sacrifice, 133, 173–75, 282, 290
Bodéüs, Richard, 165–66
body and blood of Christ, 16–17
bread and wine changed into, 20–22, 29, 31, 34, 43, 54–55
visions of, 35–36
body of Christ:
bread as symbol of, 16
complete, 59
crumbs falling, 44, 48
digestion of, 16–17, 23, 47
dismemberment of, 15–16, 38–39
as the Followers, 16–17, 59, 63
as Host, 47, 48, 64
integrity of, 37
wafer as, 23
Bolsena, miracle of, 35, 39
Bonaventure, Saint, 236
Bourke, Myles M., 110, 122, 149, 151, 153
Bradshaw, Paul, 248, 253
Bright, John, 73
Brown, Raymond E., S.S., 1, 96, 232, 243, 251
and Letter to Hebrews, 120–21, 124, 127, 131
on Pharisees, 78–79
Bruce, F. F., 149, 154–55, 174
Buckley, William F., 62, 63
Burkert, Walter, 164, 170–71n8
Bynum, Caroline Walker, 37, 38, 50
camaraderie, 198, 200
Canaanite deities, 85, 89, 112
cannibalism, 22, 49, 162, 185
Carnegie, Andrew, 220
Catechism of the Catholic Church (1994), 55
Catherine of Siena, Saint, 39
Catholic Church:
and belief, 256–59
exclusion from, 224–27, 257–58
rules of, 23–24, 54–55, 230, 237
sacraments of, 217–18
salvation in, 219
Celtic Penitentials, 228
chalice:
denied to laypeople, 22–23
liquid in, 45
and reality of Jesus, 34
charismatic movement, 12–13
“charisms,” 7, 10–11, 14, 17, 218
Chenu, Marie-Dominique, 57
Chesterton, G. K., 208–9
Christianity:
and non-violence, 211–12
violence in name of, 258
“Christians,” use of term, 17n1
church:
continuing after time ends, 60
created by the Eucharist, 59
defined as people of God, 57–58, 59
see also Catholic Church
Cicero:
De Amicitia, 198
De Re Publica, 237n1
Clement of Alexandria, 123, 151, 204
Clement of Rome, 122, 126, 127
Clement VI, Pope, 66n5
Clement XII, Pope, 66n5
Colossians, 91, 169
communal meal:
fragmenting of, 15–16, 248
in Jesus movement, 7
Lord’s Supper, 241–55
“communion,” meanings of the term, 63–64
Compostela, pilgrimages to, 35
confession, 227–28, 237
confirmation, 217, 220, 221, 223, 226
Congar, Yves, 57, 60
consecration, 54–55, 173, 234, 243
Corinthians, 10, 16, 226, 246, 252
Corpus Paulinum, 126
Council of Florence, 236
Council of Sens, 168
Council of Trent, 43, 44, 54, 55
Creation, 46–47, 196, 271–72
Crucifixion:
Augustine on, 196, 197, 203
cosmos reordered via, 205–6
location of, 152–55
relics of, 37, 38
Crusades, First, 36
Cyprian, 126
Dahood, Mitchell, 89–90
Daly, Robert, 244
Damian, Peter, 22
Daniélou, Jean, 57
David, King, 88, 90, 97, 101, 111, 135
Day of Atonement, 97
Democritan theory, 44
Deuteronomy, 134
Deutero-Pauline epistles, 13–14, 164, 204, 230–31
devil:
and the Fall, 198
Jesus killed by, 176, 181
and sacrifice, 167–70, 197–98
tricked by Jesus, 197–99
Diaspora, 14
Diathk (pact), 265
Didach, 244, 247–52
Docetists, 226
Dominican order, 236
Domitian, 123
Donatists, 49, 226
Driscoll, Michael, 227–28
elders, 13, 14, 233
El Elyon, 85, 90
Elijah, 77
Ellingworth, Paul, 147, 148, 153, 155, 156
Elohim, 98
encyclicals:
Ecclesia de Eucharistia, 50, 54–55
Humani Generis, 57, 66n5
Mysterium Fidei, 64
End Time, 8, 10, 183, 217, 242, 253
Enoch, 285
Ephesians, 11, 91, 161, 164, 204, 230
Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, 104
Essenes, 96–99, 226
eternity, 194–95
Eucharist, 15–17
annihilationist theory of, 185
and body of believers, 58–59, 203, 211, 225, 246
as celebration at the altar, 16, 211
as Corpus Verum, 58, 60
and eating codes, 150–52
faith in, 50, 51, 55–56, 203–4
Jesus’ presence in, 34, 37, 45
and Last Supper, 244, 248, 250, 253
miracle of, 34–42, 59
papal encyclical on, 50, 54–55
priestly power in, 20–21
sacramental body in, 58, 246
and sacraments, 217, 218, 220, 237
as sharing bread and wine, 16
transubstantiation in, 54
unworthy participants in, 217
Euripides, 165, 170n7
excommunication, 24, 54, 225–26, 228
exodus, 83, 100, 140, 152, 154, 275
exorcism, 7, 217
extreme unction, 217, 220, 221, 235–37
faith:
affirmation of, 223
author’s beliefs, 256–59
and fidelity (pistis), 266–67
subjectivity of, 210
and truth, 194
Feldman, Louis, 101
fidelity:
exhortations to, 274–75, 284, 287, 289
and faith (pistis), 266–67
of Jesus Christ, 135
of Moses to his house, 135, 267, 274, 287
to old/new Pact, 285–88
Fisher, Joseph, S.J., 1
Fitzmyer, Joseph A., 85, 90, 96, 98–99, 161, 175–76
Followers (apostles), 9–11, 15
as body of Jesus, 16–17
second generation of, 123
taken with Jesus to God, 198
formless matter, 221
Fourth Lateran Council, 47, 54
France, Vichy regime, 56
Franciscan order, 38, 50, 236
Francis of Assisi, Saint, 25, 259
Gaius of Rome, 126
Galatians, 16
Galileo Galilei, 44
Genesis, Book of:
on creation, 195
on marriage, 229
Melchizedek in, 84–87, 92, 98, 100, 104, 151
sources of, 84
Girard, René, 83, 164, 211–12
Gnostic library, 103–4
Gnostics, 226
God:
becoming man, 192–93, 194; see also Incarnation; Jesus Christ
belief in, 256, 259
changelessness of, 196
Christ killed by, 176, 177, 178–85, 191, 207
direct approach to, 20, 282
love of, 218–19
of non-violence, 211–12
one’s absorption into, 244
of peace, 290
perfection of, 182, 183
plan of, 204–6, 208
promises of, 130, 138, 139, 278
sacraments instituted by, 218
seeing, 50
sitting at right hand of, 87–88, 91, 94–95n15, 120, 134, 147, 271, 272, 280, 283–84, 287
submission to, 196
with us, 210
will of, 71, 196–97
wrath of, 185, 192, 207, 210, 211, 263
godparents, infant baptism and, 223
Golden Calf, 83
good works, 289
Gottschalk of Orbais, 49
grace, 218–19, 228, 230, 231, 234, 266
Greek language, 263–68
Greek ritual, 143–44
Greene, Graham, The Power and the Glory, 21–22, 31
Guibert of Nogent, 39, 49, 50, 203
Habakkuk, 73
Haggai, 139
harmony/harmonization, 193–97, 198–200, 205, 206
Harnack, Adolf von, 120
Hasmonean kings, 101
healers, 7, 218, 235–36
heaven, 155, 222
Jesus in, 23, 34, 36, 37, 43, 58, 149
keys of, 223–24, 225
population of, 182–83, 185
“Hebrews,” meanings of term, 130
hell, 220, 223
Henrichs, Albrecht, 162
Heraclitus, 165, 177
heresies, 23, 226
Herod, King, 77, 79, 151
Heschel, Abraham, 71, 73
Hierakas (ascetic), 104
Hilastrion (purgation site), 265
Hippolytus of Rome:
The Apostolic Tradition, 233
Refutation of All Heresies, 104
Holy of Holies, 29
and heaven, 147, 155
and Holy Spirit, 143, 282
and place of atonement/sacrifice, 144, 152, 153, 174
priest’s entrance into, 48
Holy Spirit, 207, 274, 277
“charisms” inspired by, 7, 10, 218
and Holy of Holies, 143, 282
and Incarnation, 191–92
and new Pact, 284
and ordination, 20
and Trinity, 181–82, 184, 223, 225
Holy Stairs, 36–37
Homer, 201n26
Homoiots (commonality), 266
honor, Jesus killed by, 181
Horton, Fred, 84, 88, 98
Hosea, 73, 74, 76
Host:
and accidents, 45–46
adoration of, 24, 39, 47, 50–52
attacks on, 39–40
as body of Christ, 47, 48, 64
breaking of, 44
as bringer of death, 40
consecrating fingers touching, 24
consecration of, 27, 48–49, 50
display at Benediction, 29
miracles of, 35, 39
in processions, 27
production of, 36
and reality of Jesus, 34
in tabernacle, 51
wafer as, 23
Housefellows, 7
Hughes, Dennis, 162
Ignatius of Antioch, 14, 16, 233
Incarnation, 191–202, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 258
indulgences, 37, 240n37
Innocent I, Pope, 236
Innocent VI, Pope, 55
Innocent XII, Pope, 66n5
Inquisition, 44
Ireland, penitents in, 227–28
Irenaeus, 126, 204–6, 208, 210
Isaac, 163, 170n7, 178, 180, 286
Isaiah, 73, 74–75, 76–77, 223, 242, 245
Jacob, 286
James, Letter of, 235, 236
Jeremiah, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 137
Jeremias, Joachim, 243, 249, 252
Jerome, Saint, 104, 126
Jerusalem, 9, 288
pilgrimages to, 35, 152
sacrifice outside, 154–56
Temple in, 101, 124, 140
Jesus Christ:
baptism of, 222
being at one with, 193–94, 198–200
body and blood of, 16–17, 20–22, 29, 31, 34, 43, 54–55
as comrade, 210–12
and confirmation, 223
constancy of, 289
continuing physicality of, 38–39, 58
divinity of, 127
exemplary life of, 204–8, 210
fidelity of, 135
Followers of, 7, 8–11, 58, 59, 123, 131, 198, 203, 207, 233, 242, 243
harassment of, 77–78, 80
and healing, 235, 236
in heaven, 23, 34, 36, 37, 43, 58, 149
and Incarnation, 191–202, 204, 208, 258
killers of, 80, 91, 146, 173–87, 191, 207
and Lord’s Supper, 241–55
as man, 82, 135, 194, 205, 208
as mediator, 266, 273–75
money changers driven from Temple by, 74, 76, 82
Mystical Body of, 197
and new Pact, 146, 266, 280, 282, 284, 288, 290
and New Testament, 65, 82, 91, 222
opposition to, 78–80, 91
outside city gate, 120, 150, 153–55, 174, 289
Passion of, 21, 219, 222
as priest, 16, 54, 65, 91–93, 110, 112, 113–14, 119, 120, 133, 136, 142–43, 146–47, 149, 151, 154, 174, 185, 217, 219, 263, 266, 268, 277
as radical Jewish prophet, 3, 71, 73–74, 76, 77, 78
relics of, 37–39
resurrection of, 198–200, 247
as sacrifice, 42, 54, 65, 88, 120, 133, 136, 142, 146–47, 152–54, 161, 163, 167–68, 173–76, 185, 191, 203, 211–12, 219, 283
seated at right hand of God, 87–88, 91, 94–95n15, 120, 134, 147, 271, 272, 280, 283–84, 287
seeking lost sheep, 199
spectral visions of, 34–36
submission to God’s will, 40, 180, 196–97, 203
succession without lineage, 113–15
suffering of, 40, 206–7, 277, 289
and the Trinity, 180, 195
Word of, 60
Jesus movement, 7, 12, 17
Jewish Law, 22, 123, 134
Christian followers of, 131
food codes, 131, 140, 150–52, 289
Jewish rites, 123, 131, 142, 185
Jews:
and anti-Semitism, 80
Jesus killed by, 176–77
and one God, 259
Passover meal, 64
persecution of, 39–40
Joab, 111
Job, 111
Jogues, Isaac, 24
John, Gospel of, 167, 195, 222, 241, 243, 244
John Chrysostom, Saint, 24–25, 31
John Paul II, Pope, 50, 54, 57
John the Baptist, Saint, 77, 222
John XXIII, Pope, 57
Johnson, Luke Timothy, 122, 149, 151, 153
Johnson, Maxwell, 242–43
Joseph, 286
Joseph of Arimathea, 37, 38
Josephus, Flavius, 78, 99, 101–2, 134
Joshua, 135–36, 276
Judah, tribe of, 82, 279
Judas, 80
justice:
of God, 207, 210
Jesus killed by, 178–81, 185
and sacraments, 219
Justin Martyr, Saint, 126, 127, 204, 244, 246–47
Kabuz, Johannes, 37
Kata taxin, 114
Kedorlaomer of Elam, 84, 99
kharis (favor), 266
Kings, Book of, 111
Klauck, Hans-Josef, 153–54
Kobelski, Paul, 108–9, 110
Koester, Craig, 113, 120, 124, 125, 130, 144, 148, 151, 154
Lanciano, miracle of, 35–36
Lane, William, 149
Lanfranc of Bec, 49
Last Judgment, 136, 143, 219
Last Supper, see Lord’s Supper
Latin, 29–30, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65
law:
Jewish, see Jewish Law
of Moses, see Mosaic Law
natural, 196
Learners (apostles), 9–10, 14
Lemche, Niels Peter, 130
Leo XIII, Pope, 41n12, 66n5
Letter to Hebrews:
on animal sacrifice, 65, 173, 211, 282, 289–90
on apostasy, 225
audience of, 123–25
author’s translation of, 271–90
canonicity of, 126
date of, 122–23
genre of, 121–22
and high priest, 142–57
on human sacrifice, 161, 163–72, 173–75, 211–12, 263, 282
language of, 119–20, 124, 128n6, 130, 263–68
and location of sacrifice, 152–56
and Lord’s Supper, 248
meanings of, 130–41
and Melchizedek, 87–88, 90, 91–93, 97, 108, 111, 136–37, 142, 263, 266
and new Pact, see new Pact
and New Testament, 107, 212
on priesthood, 82, 91–93, 233, 234–35
structure of, 125–26
translating, 263–70
what it is, 119–29
levitation, 34, 52
Levites:
as priests, 82–84, 110, 111–12, 137, 138, 140, 146, 263, 267, 279
tithing, 113, 279
Leviticus, 164, 173, 177
limbo, 222–23
Lloyd-Jones, Hugh, 143–44, 162, 170–71n8
Logos, 60, 101, 136, 138, 140–41n6, 184, 191, 195, 264
Lombard, Peter, Sentences, 217
Longinus (converted soldier), 37, 38
Lord’s Prayer, 152, 250–51
Lord’s Supper, 17, 20, 241–55
as eschatological meal, 244–46, 249–51, 253
message of, 243–44
table fellowship of, 243, 248–49, 251, 253
two services of, 247–48
Lot, 84, 86–87
Lubac, Henri de, S.J.:
Corpus Mysticum, 56–58, 59, 63
and “lost” thinkers, 203–4, 211
on Origen, 60
Luke, Gospel of, 11–12, 13, 90, 123, 257–58
Luke, Saint, 78, 120, 131, 233
Luther, Martin, 43, 120
Maccabees, 88–89
Mailer, Norman, 208
Malachi, 76, 80, 83
man:
creation of, 183–84
salvation of, 199–200
Manicheans, 96
Margoliouth, George, 88
Mark, Gospel of, 90, 91, 167, 224, 229
marriage, 217, 221, 226, 229–32
Mary, Saint, 25, 258
and Jesus’ birth, 184, 195
relics of, 39, 42n31
Mary Magdalene, 37, 38
Mass:
believers in, 185
concelebration of, 62
private, 20, 62, 65
unworthy participants in, 15–16
Vatican II changes in, 60–65
Matthew, Gospel of, 17, 79, 90, 123, 131, 251
on baptism, 222
on forgiveness of sins, 223–25
on marriage, 229
on prophet-killers, 77–78
Meier, John, 14, 124, 125
Melchizedek, 84–93
Abraham’s tithes to, 84, 86–87, 99, 102, 111–13, 137, 278–79
and allegorical readings, 100–101
argument from silence, 107–9
and commonality, 266
and Essene community at Qumran, 96–99
in Genesis, 84–87, 92, 98, 100, 104, 151
in Gnostic library, 103–4
and Josephus, 101–2
in Letter to Hebrews, 84, 92, 98–99, 105, 136–37, 151, 263, 266, 268, 277–80
meeting of Abraham and, 84, 86, 89, 98, 102, 108, 110, 151
myth of, 103–5
and Philo, 99–101
and power of blessing, 111
as priest, 65, 85, 88–90, 91–93, 100, 146, 151, 185, 268
as priest forever, 20, 90, 93, 109–10, 114, 120, 133, 137, 149, 151, 266, 277, 278–80
in Psalms, 87–90
rabbinical sources, 103
sacrifice by, 133
succession without lineage, 113–15
Mesits (guarantor), 266
Micah, 75
Michelangelo, Last Judgment, 219
Milgrom, Jacob, 144, 166, 167, 173, 265
miracles:
of abundance, 241–42, 244
Eucharistic, 34–42, 59
explanations for, 43–53, 196
priestly power of, 22, 34, 220
validity of, 37–39
Moabites, 100
monarchical episcopacy, 14
monotheism, 166, 259
Mosaic cult, 133
Mosaic Law, 79, 112, 144, 210, 267
and animal sacrifice, 120, 154, 282
rejection of, 225, 284
Mosaic Pact, 132, 139, 265
new Pact vs., 134, 137–38
Moses, 65, 123, 242, 279
and Aaron’s rod, 83
and exodus, 83, 100, 140, 152, 154, 275
fidelity to his house, 135, 267, 274, 287
at Mount Zion, 288–89
parents of, 286
Shrine of, 151, 280
and tithing, 112
Moses Maimonides, 166
Mount Sinai vs. Mount Zion, 132–33, 139
Muratorian Canon, 126
Murray, John Courtney, 57
music of the spheres, 237n1
Nagel, Alexander, 51
Nazirites, 243
Neoplatonism, 196
Nero, 123
new Pact:
and blood of Christ, 173–74, 282
contrasted with old Pact, 145–46, 151–52, 173, 271–73, 288–90
fidelity to, 138–39, 285–88
Jesus as guarantor of, 146, 266, 280, 282, 284, 289, 290
and Jewish eating codes, 150–51
majesty of, 139–40, 288–90
as New Day, 135–36, 275–76
superiority of, 134, 137
superseding old Pact, 137–38, 280–85
New Testament, 65, 82, 91, 175
baptism in, 222
as Diathk (pact), 265
and Letter to Hebrews, 107, 212
see also specific books
nexum, meanings of term, 201n28
Nicholas V, Pope, 66n5
Nicodemus, 37
Niederwimmer, Kurt, 244, 254n17
Noah, 103, 108, 138, 285
Norbert, Saint, 25
O’Brien, Peter, 122, 149
Occam (William of Ockham), 43, 44, 55
old Pact, see new Pact
O’Malley, John, S.J., 1
Ong, Walter, S.J., 1, 62
ordination, 20, 217, 226, 232–35
qualifications for, 234
rites of, 233–34
Origen, 8, 60, 120, 167
Osborn, Eric, 204
overseers, 13–14
Paraclete, 128n13
Parousia, 250, 253
Paschasius Radbertus, 49
Path, The, 9
Paul, Saint, 58, 210, 248, 256
as ambassador, 8, 10, 13, 15, 192, 233
and apostles, 8, 10, 12, 124, 130–31
Deutero-Pauline epistles, 13–14, 164, 204, 230–31
and Eucharist, 15–17
and excommunication, 225–26
and Jewish rites, 131
Letters to Corinthians, 10, 16, 167, 226, 246, 252–53
letters written by, 121, 122, 132
Letter to Colossians, 169
Letter to Ephesians, 11, 161, 164, 204, 230–31
Letter to Hebrews, 107, 119, 121, 126, 127
Letter to Romans, 8, 11, 91, 124, 204, 206–7
and priesthood, 217, 218
Paul VI, Pope, 28, 57, 64–65
penance, 217, 221, 223–28, 236
Pentateuch, 85, 100, 144, 166
Pentecost, 223
Perfection, God and, 181, 182–84, 218
Peter, Book of, 91, 233
Peter, Saint, 2–3, 13, 14, 40, 127, 217, 220, 252, 256
Pharisees, 12, 78–79, 80, 131, 226
Philo Judaeus, 99–101, 107, 108, 109, 121, 123, 134
philos, meanings of term, 201n26
pistis (fidelity), 266–67
Pius V, Pope, 66n5
Pius IX, Pope, 24
Pius X, Pope, 55
Pius XII, Pope, 55, 57, 58, 66n5
Plato, 44, 166, 181, 214n22
Pliny the Younger, 241
polytheism, 166
Pontius Pilate, 37, 40, 80, 176
power, charismatic vs. instutitional, 72–73
Powers, J. F., Morte d’Urban, 31
priests:
absence of, 175
attire of, 25–28
and blood offering, 133, 146, 161, 281–82
celibacy of, 30, 31
deference to, 30–31
Eucharistic power of, 20–21
film depictions of, 30–31
forever, 20–22, 90, 93, 109–10, 114, 120, 133, 137, 149, 151, 266, 277, 278–80
founding of priesthood, 233
hands of, 24–25
hereditary office of, 82
holiness of, 28–29, 30
imperialism of, 217–40
impersonating Jesus, 20
Jesus killed by, 80, 91, 146, 176, 182–85
languages spoken by, 29–30, 59, 61, 64, 65
in Letter to Hebrews, 142–57, 278–80
ordination of, 20, 217, 232–35
pedophile, 21, 24, 31, 32
power of, 28–29, 34, 220, 232, 236–37, 258
and religious establishment, 80
roles of, 15, 20, 142, 143, 211, 219, 220, 256, 276–78, 281
and sacraments, 49–50, 217–20, 281
sacred space of, 29–30
separateness of, 59, 60–61, 64
succession without lineage, 113–15
and tithing, 111–13
Priscilla, 120
Prodigal Son, 199, 218
prophets, 7
calling of, 72–73
classical, 71
court, 71
credentials of, 72
and Incarnation, 193
Israelite, unique, 73
messages of, 73–77
office of, 72, 218
persecution of, 78
roles of, 71, 72
Temple, 71
as troublemakers, 77
Psalms, 76, 87–90, 93, 98, 114, 133, 135, 137, 164, 195, 211
Pseudo-Petrine letters, 14
Pseudo-Tertullian, 104
Purgation:
Day of, 186n5
Site of, 265
purgatory, 223, 240n37
purification, 147–49, 173, 267–68
Qumran, Essene community at, 96–99
Rahab the whore, 287
Rahner, Karl, 57
Raphael, 35, 51
Ratramnus of Corbie, 49, 56, 203
Ratzinger, Cardinal Joseph, later Pope Benedict XVI, 2, 63–64
recapitulation, 204
Redondi, Pietro, 51
relics, 36–39, 42n31
Resurrection, 39, 136, 143, 174, 198–200, 247
Revelation, 91, 130
Riehm, Eduard, 120
Robinson, James, 103
Roma (film), 26
Romans, Paul’s Letter to, 8, 11, 91, 124, 204, 206–7
Rome:
and Letter to Hebrews, 124–25
pilgrimages to, 35
Saint Peter’s Basilica in, 41n16
Sancta Sanctorium, 39
Synod of, 49
rosary, 218, 259
sacramentals, 217–18, 228, 230
sacraments, 217–23, 230, 235–37
intent to perform, 49–50
process of, 46–47, 234
seven (list), 217
sacrifice:
animal, see animal sacrifice
blood offering, 133, 146, 161, 173–75, 282, 289–90
and the devil, 167–70, 197–98
human, 142, 161–72, 173–75, 207, 211–12, 263, 282
and hunters, 170–71n8
of Jesus Christ, see Jesus Christ
in Letter to Hebrews, 65, 123, 161, 163–72, 173–75, 211–12, 263
location of, 144, 152–56, 174, 265
logic of, 164, 166
in myth, 161–66, 171n8, 180
in old vs. new Pact, 145–46
prophets on, 74–76
ransom theory, 167–68, 173, 176, 197
ritual of, 241
scapegoat theory, 174, 177
submission to God’s will, 197
substitution theory, 173–74, 207
true, 196–97
Yom Kippur, 152, 173–74
Sadducees, 12, 78, 80
saints, devotion to, 259
salvation, 199–200, 210, 218, 219, 267
scapegoat, 174, 177
Schillebeeckx, Edward, 23, 47
Scholastic theologians, 43, 44, 223
Scribes, 79–80
Scripture, 60
servants, 12–13
sheep, lost, 199, 218
Shem, 103
shepherd, 11, 18n8
Shepherd of Hermas, 126
Silas, 120
Simon Maccabee, 88
sinners:
Jesus killed by, 177, 179–80, 182
penance of, 217, 221, 223–28
sins:
accountability for, 186n6, 200
forgiveness of, 223–28, 236
man’s ability to sin, 196–97
reduced to one, 214n22
sacrifice for, 284–85
Siricius, Pope, 229
skn (shrine), 267
Solomon, King, 111
Solomon, Temple of, 124, 140, 151
Sophocles, 180
s
tria (rescue), 267
speakers in tongues, 7, 218
Spicq, Ceslas:
on Christ’s priesthood, 174
on Letter to Hebrews, 124, 125, 138, 147–48, 151, 154, 264, 265
on Philo’s writings, 100–101, 109, 134
Stephen, Saint, 78, 91
substance, accidents and, 44–47, 50
syneidsis (inner self), 267–68
Synod of Hippo, 126
Synods of Carthage, 126
Synoptic Gospels, 78, 222, 243, 244
Host kept in, 24, 29, 36, 51
traveling, 123, 140
as visual center, 51–52
taxis (ordering of things), 114, 268
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 57
Ten Commandments, 71–72, 204, 265
Tertullian, 120, 126, 204, 227
Theodosius, Emperor, 204, 227
Theodotus (baker), 104
Theodotus of Byzantium, 104
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 20, 22, 24, 34, 35–36, 37
and annihilationist theory, 185
and Anselm, 184–85
explaining the miracle, 44–47, 65, 203
on grace, 218
Leo’s description of, 66n5
on Letter to Hebrews, 128n6, 150, 151, 185
on perfection of God, 182
and sacraments, 218–21, 223, 228, 229–31, 232, 233–34, 235–37
Summa Theologiae, 38, 55
Thomistic system, 21
time, creation of, 196
Timothy, 12–13, 14, 124, 290
tithing, 99, 111–13
tomb (sepulchrum), ashes in, 48
Torah, 107
Trajan, Emperor, 241
transubstantiation:
alternatives to, 49
in Catholic dogma, 54
and excommunication, 54
lack of need for, 43
miracle of, 50, 54, 219
not understood by the faithful, 47
opposing theories of, 56, 185, 203, 246
power of, 20
reality of, 38
reverse, 23
true doctrine of, 47
Trillin, Calvin, 214n22
Trinity, 180, 184, 191–202, 203
Turin, shroud of, 37, 38
Twain, Mark, 42n31, 220
Twelve, The, 8–11, 233
Twelve Tribes, 9, 10, 83
Ugaritic parallels, 89
unit integrity, 226
Urban V, Pope, 66n5
Urban VIII, Pope, 24
van der Meer, Frederik, 230
Vanhoye, Albert, S.J., 125
Vatican Council:
reforms of, 51
Second, 57, 60–65
Vawter, Bruce, 72
Venice, Treasury of San Marco in, 41n16
Vercelli, Synod of, 49
Vermes, Geza, 97
Veronica’s veil, cult of, 37, 38
vigil lamp, 24, 51
Vincent, Nicholas, 37
Waugh, Evelyn, 63
Weber, Max, 72–73
Wellhausen, Julius, Prolegomena to the History of Israel, 82
William of Ockham (Occam), 44, 55
Sacrament of the Altar, 43
Wilsnack, “miraculous Hosts” of, 35, 37, 38
Wilson, Woodrow, 165
Wisdom Literature, 79
Word (Logos), 60, 285, 289
World War II, 57
Wright, Bishop John, 31
Xenophanes, 165
Yom Kippur, 152, 173–74
Zachary, 78
Zadok, 78, 96
Zadokites, 82