M

Macaulay, Thomas B., 44 Macon (Ga.) Telej^raph, 256 Macready, William C., 335n26 Mallory, Stephen, 220 Mann, Horace: educational work of, 73; and common schools controversy, 85-6; and normal schools, 87; as phrenologist, 88; criticizes “True Grandeur of Nations,” 95; urges Whig-Free Soil reconciliation, 149; ousted from Whig party, 156; preaches temperance, 175; advised on rhetoric, 181; characterizes Sumner, 188; appraises Sumner as antislavery thinker, 196; visited by Sumner, 226; on Brooks assault, 251; as source of Sumner’s antislavery ideology, 355n76 Marcy, William L., 252 Marsh, George P., 321 Marshall, John, 23

Martineau, Harriet, 45 Mason, James M.: opposes Sumner’s speaking, 189; attacked by Sumner, 217; attacks Sumner, 219; denounced by Sumner, 220; is attacked by Sumner in “The Crime against Kansas,” 240; replies, 240; defends slavery, 291; hears “Barbarism of Slavery,” 295; condemned by Sumner, 361ii6

Mason, Jeremiah, 60 Massachusetts constitutional convention of 1853: Sumner’s role in, 204; defended by Sumner, 206; defeated, 207 Massachusetts Historical Society, 300

Massachusetts Spy, The, 178 Matilda case, 196 McKim, J. M., 95 McLean, John: Sumner solicits

support of, for court relationship, 71; as presidential candidate, 138; upholds fugitive slave law, 196; offered Vice-Presidential nomination, 346nl8 Melville, Herman, 321 Memphis Bulletin, 256 Metternich, Prince, 57 Mexican War: outbreak of, 118; unpopular in New England, 130; stimulates Conscience Whigs, 131

Miller, John G., 245

Mills, John, 169

Milnes, Richard Monckton, 45

Index 395

Minden (La.) Herald, 256 Minot, G. R., 62

Missouri Compromise, 208—10; sec also Kansas-Nebraska Act Mitchell, S. Weir, 279 Mittermaier, K.J. A., 57 Mobile Advertiser, 256 Morey, George, 162 Morgan, Edwin B., 247 Morpeth, Lord: entertains Sumner, 45; entertained by Sumner, 66; warns Sumner on pomposity, 177

Morton, Marcus: opposes Sumner’s election to Senate, 163; attacked by Wilson, 167

Motley, John Lothrop, 11; Sumner promotes novel by, 49; named minister to Austria, 321 Murray, Ambrose S., 247 Murray, John A., 44

N

Napier, Lord, 277 National Era, 139 Nativism, see Know-nothings Nebraska, see Kansas-Nebraska Act Negro: Sumner anticipates future of, 197; see also Race; Slavery New England Emigrant Aid Company: praised by Sumner, 233; attacked by Douglas, 234; defended by Sumner, 238 New Orleans Crescent, 299 New York Atlas, 271 New York Democratic Review, 67

New York Herald: prints “Landmark of Freedom,’’ 213; publicizes “Barbarism of Slavery,’’ 300; praises Sumner, 320 New York Post: prints Sumner’s speech, 199; describes audience for “The Crime against Kansas,’’ 237; on Brooks assault, 259 New York Prison Discipline Society, 107

New York Times: prints “Landmark of Freedom,’’ 213; praises Sumner’s attack on Butler, 221; on Sumner’s illness, 285; condemns “Barbarism of Slavery,’’ 299-300 New York Tn7)////c;prints“Landmark of Freedom,” 213; praises “Crime against Kansas,” 241; on Brooks assault, 252; proposes Sumner for vice president, 265; deprecates “Barbarism of Slavery,” 299 Normal schools: Sumner’s aid in constructing, 86 Norris, Moses, 215 North American Review, 25 Northeastern boundary dispute: Sumner’s essay upon, 52-3

o

O’Connell, Daniel, 49 Oliver, Henry K., 93 Orations and Speeches: published by Sumner, 158

Oratory: Sumner’s fondness for, 12-3; Sumner’s techniques of, analyzed, 181—4; Sumner’s

revised techniques of, 296 Order of the Star Spangled Banner, sec Know-nothings Oregon: Sumner’s view ofboundary dispute, 90

“Orpheus” (statue by Crawford), 56 Orr, James L., 244 Otis, Harrison Gray, 89

P

Palfrey, John G.: writes biography of Sumner, 1; Sumner promotes lectures by, 49; disagrees with “Tme Grandeur of Nations,” 93; as Conscience Whig leader, 114; helps purchase Boston 119;

elected to 1847 constitution, 132; opposes Winthrop for speakership, 136; on future of Free Soil party, 150; on Roberts case, 152; opposes Coalition, 163; praises Sumner’s course, 165-6; doubts Sumner’s views on lands, 179; declares Sumner a failure, 202; not in constitutional convention, 205; quarrels with Sumner over constitution, 207; does not lead in Republican party, 220; appointed postmaster, 320 Palmerston, Lord, 41 Pardessus, Jean Marie, 41 Park, J. C., 93 Park, James Allan, 43 Parke, Baron, 44

Parker, Theodore: praises “True Grandeur of Nations,” 95; warns

Sumner against silence, 186; praises Sumner, 200; and Burns case, 217; warns of Gardner’s intrigues, 229; describes Sumner’s recovery, 288 Parkes, Joseph, 65 Peace Conference of 1861: Stanton warns of dangers in, 313; endorsed by Adams, 315; Sumner’s attitude toward, 317

Peace movement: Sumner’s early interest in, 73; Sumner’s agitation in, 99; Sumner’s contribution to, 99; Sumner’s growing coolness toward, 100; see also “True Grandeur of Nations”

Peace Society: Sumner attends

meetings of, 73; endorses “True Grandeur of Nations,” 96 Peel, Robert, 96

Penal reform, see Prison discipline reform movement Perkins, J. C., 80 Perkins, Stephen H., 62 Perkins Institute for the Blind, 73 Perry, Marshall: attends Sumner, 262; analyzes Sumner’s illness, 262; declares Sumner seriously injured, 265; advises Sumner to go abroad, 278; questions Brown-Sequard’s treatment, 283 Personal liberty law (Mass.): drafted by Dana and Sumner, 187; attacked by Gardner, 253; repeal of, urged by Seward, 310; repeal of, urged by Adams, 312; defended by Sumner, 312

397

IVtersburg (Va.) South-Side Democrat, 257

John, 219

Philadelphia Xews, 270 Phillips, Stephen C.: as leader of Conscience Whigs, 114; helps buy Boston 119; elected to Whig convention, 132; defends Palfrey, 136; as Free Soiler, 141; favors independent antislaveiy party, 150; jealous of Sumner, 163 Phillips, Wendell, 11; as friend of Sumner, 116; addresses anti-Texas rally, 117; as orator, 183; warns Sumner on Drayton-Sayres case, 186; chides Sumner for silence, 186; belittles Sumner as antislavery thinker, 196; praises Sumner’s speech, 199; and Burns case, 217; threatened by mob, 308 Phrenology: Sumner analyzed

according to, 31-2; Sumner’s faith in, 88

Pierce, Edward L., 317 Pierce, Franklin: wins Democratic nomination, 185; opposed by Sumner, 208; and Burns case, 217; and Kansas, 234 Pillsbury, Parker, 201 Polk, James K.: condemned by Sumner, 113; urges low tariff, 115; announces outbreak of war, 118 Polk, William H., 199 Poore, Ben P., 261n6 Popkin, J. S., 9 Powers, Hiram, 55-6 Prescott, William H.: on Sumner’s

social success, 46; begins friendship with Sumner, 60; on Morpeth, 66—7; criticizes “True Grandeur of Nations,” 95; continues friendship with Sumner, 145; doubts Sumner’s views on lands, 179; on Sumner’s martyrdom, 284

Prison discipline reform movement: Sumner’s early interest in, 73; rival systems of penology, 102; debate over policy of Boston society, 105-6

Progress: Sumner’s fiith in, 87; Sumner’s oration on, 88; Sumner’s ideas on, 89

Q

Quincy, Anna, 29

Quincy, Edmund, 11

Quincy, Josiah: as president of Harvard, 10; appoints Sumner to Harvard Law School, 26; opposes Sumner’s European trip, 34; speaks on peace, 90; criticizes “True Grandeur of Nations,” 94; continues friendship with Sumner, 145; welcomes Sumner to Boston, 267

R

Race: Sumner denounces

proscription according to, 40; Sumner attacks school segregation according to, 151; Sumner’s

view on legal and social equality according to, 355n77 Rand, Benjamin, 22 Rantoul, Robert S., 196 Recctit Speeches: published by

Sumner, 230 Reeve, Henry, 65 Reform, Sumner’s philosophy of, 88

Republican party (Mass.): formation of, 222; Sumner addresses 1854 convention of, 222; defeated in election, 223; reorganized (1855), 227; capitalizes on

Brooks assault, 252-4; assisted by Sumner’s illness, 266; elects Banks governor, 285; nominates Andrew governor, 304 Republican party (U.S): Sumner helps in organization of, 222; attitude of, toward Kansas, 235; assisted by Sumner’s illness, 266; growing conservatism of, 292; nominates Lincoln, 294; wins 1860 election, 305; divided over secession crisis, 314 Revolutions of 1848, 100—1 Rhode Island boundary case, 63 Richmond Enquirer, 255—6 Richmond Examiner, 257 Richmond IVhij^, 257 Roberts case: Sumner attacks

segregation in, 151 Robinson, William S., 269 Rockwell, John A., 174 Rockwell, Julius: moves repeal of Fugitive Slave Act, 219; attacked

by Butler, 219; as candidate for governor, 228 Roebuck, John A., 44 Rogers, Samuel, 45 Rusk, Thomas J., 175 Russell, Lord John, 274

s

Schouler, William, 136 Scott, T. H., 48 Scott, Winfield, 138 Sears, David, 77 Seaton, William, 213 Secession crisis of 1860-1: Sumner’s plan for coping with, 305—6; Northern plans for concessions during, 307; compromise proposals in, favored by Seward and Adams, 310—2 Segregation, racial: attacked by

Sumner, 151 Senior, Nassau, 274 Seward, William H.: Sumner’s

appraisal of, 176; as orator, 184; opposes silencing Sumner, 189; restrains Garrison, 189; in Kansas-Nebraska debates, 211; listens to Sumner read letters, 214; quarrels with Sumner, 225; moves immediate admission of Kansas, 235; hears Sumner read “Crime against Kansas,” 236; disapproves of “Crime against Kansas,” 241; moves investigation of Brooks assault, 249; on Sumner’s suffering, 264; Sumner expects

nomination of, 294; compared with Sumner, 300; underestimates secession crisis, 305; condemned by Sumner tor concessions to South, 311; nominated Secretary ot State, 319; does not vote to repeal Fugitive Slave Act, 356n79

Seward, Mrs. William H., 176 Seymour, Lady, 57 Shadrach (fugitive slave), 166 Sharp, Granville, 359n65 Shattuck, George, 39 Shaw, Lemeul: criticizes Sumner as teacher, 108; decides Roberts case, 151; upholds fugitive slave law, 196

Sherman, John, 210 Shields, James, 178 Sibbern, Count, 174 Silsbee, Zachariah, 62 Sims, Thomas, 166 Slavery: Sumner’s first sight of, 23; Sumner’s early hostility toward, 109-10; opposed by most Massachusetts citizens, 110; Sumner’s views on, 111—2; Sumner’s interest in aroused,

113—4; Sumner’s experiences with, in Kentucky, 226; Sumner’s view of, as barbarizing institution, 296; Sumner sees secession bringing end of, 306; see also Constitution of the United States; race Slidell, John, 248 Smith, Gerritt, 95 Smith, Sydney: visited by Sumner,

Index ' 399

44; praises Sumner, 46; writes Sumner, 65 Sommersett case, 194 Soule, Pierre, 176 Spooner, Lysander, 194 Springfield Republican, 253 Stanton, Edwin M., 313 Stanton, Heniy B., 117 Stearns, George L., 262 Stearns, Jonathan F., 12 Stevenson, Andrew, 53 Stone, James W., 105 Story, Joseph: forms friendship with C. P. Sumner, 3; reorganizes Harvard Law School, 17-8; as teacher, 18; influences Sumner’s thinking, 18—20; asks Sumner to read proofs, 21; forms friendship with Sumner, 21-2; appoints Sumner reporter, 25-6; plans for Sumner to have chair, 27; exerts radical influence on Sumner, 32-3; opposes Sumner’s European trip, 34; lends Sumner money, 34; Sumner urges election of to French Institute, 50; tells Sumner to return, 57; aids Sumner’s practice, 62; meets Morpeth, 66; appoints Sumner commissioner in bankruptcy, 69; illness of, 70; fails to get Sumner appointed reporter to Supreme Court, 70; lessens interest in Sumner, 71; has no faith in progress, 87; criticizes “True Grandeur of Nations,’’ 95; dies, 107; upholds fugitive slave law, 196

400 Charles Sumner and ihe Coming of the Civil War

Story, William Wetmore: taught by Sumner, 21; on Sumner’s social awkwardness, 28—9; on Sumner’s sense of humor, 29; on Sumner’s shyness, 30; entertains Sumner, 288

Stowe, Mrs. Harriet Beecher, 216

Sumner, Albert, 61

Sumner, Charles: writes

autobiography, 1; boyhood of, 2; genealogy of, 2; father of, 2-3; mother of, 3—4; brothers and sisters of, 4—5; early education of, 5; attends Boston Public Latin School, 6; attends Harvard College, 8—13; religious views of, 13; has difficulty in selecting vocation, 13—4; plans year of individual study, 14; as Antimason, 15; ambition of, 15; decides to study law, 16

Attends Harvard Law School, 17—20; as librarian of Harvard Law School, 21; forms friendship with Story, 21-2; enters Rand’s office, 22; writes for American Jurist, 22; makes first visit to Washington, 23—4; admitted to bar, 24; forms partnership with Hillard, 24; early success of, at bar appraised, 24-5; completes Dunlap’s book, 25; appointed reporter of U.S. Circuit Court, 25-6; teaches in Harvard Law School (1835-7), 26-7; imitates Story’s conservatism, 28; social awkwardness of, 28-30;

friendships of, 30-1; in Five of Clubs, 31; lacks self-esteem, 31—2; advocates legal reform, 33; plans to go to Europe, 33—4

Makes first voyage to Europe, 37—8; visits France, 38—42; visits England, 42-6; reasons for success of in England analyzed, 47; compares United States and England, 50; writes on Northeastern boundary dispute, 52—3; visits Italy, 54—6; doubts professional prospects, 56; visits Austria, Gennany, 57; visits England (1840), 57; has mixed feelings on return to United States, 59

Welcomed in Boston after travels, 60; returns to law practice, 62; renews friendships in Five of Clubs, 63; expected to become Boston leader, 64; spoiled by Europe, 64; continues transatlantic friendships, 65; entertains visiting Englishmen, 66-7; promotes Crawford, 67; loses money in speculation, 68; runs errands for Lieber, 68; melancholy of, 68; declining law practice of, 69; teaches in Harvard Law School, 70; discontent of, 71; begins friendship with Howe, 71—2; early reform interests of, 73; flirts with Louisa and Annie Ward, 74; loses interest in game of love, 75; resents marriage of Howe, 76; suffers from loss of friends, 76—7; suspects Ticknor conspiracy, 78;

401

Sumner, Charles (continued)

finds comfort with Longfellow, 78-9; accompanies Longfellows on honeymoon, 79; edits Vesey, 80; tails ill from overwork, 80; recuperates, 80-1

Unhappiness and frustration ot, 83; influenced by Channing, 84; becomes involved in common schools controversy, 86-7; promotes normal schools, 86-7; develops philosophy of reform, 87-9; invited to give July 4 oration, 89; delivers “True Grandeur of Nations,’’ 91-3; attends dinner afterward, 93; comes under attack, 93; praised, 95-6; troubled by controversy, 96; reasons for success of “True Grandeur of Nations” analyzed, 97-8; revises speech, 98-9; agitates for peace, 99; contributes to ideology of peace movement, 99-100; cools toward peace crusade, 100—1; has early interest in prison discipline reform movement, 101; and controversy over Boston Prison Discipline Society, 102—6; censured for part in prison discipline controversy, 107; fails to receive appointment to Harvard Law School, 108 Pattern of participation in reform drives analyzed, 109; not a Garrisonian, 111; has interest in antislavery roused, 111-3; attacks Texas annexation, 115; as

Sumner, Charles (continued)

Conscience Whig leader, 1 16-7; drafts resolutions for anti-Texas rally, 117; makes first political speech, 117-8; contributes to Boston 119; writes “Boston” letters attacking Winthrop, 121; addresses 1846 Whig caucus, 123; addresses 1846 Whig convention, 123—4; rejects Liberty party nomination for Congress, 125; renews attack on Winthrop, 125; declines nomination by bolting Conscience Whigs, 125; motives for attacking Winthrop analyzed, 127-8; finds fatherly adviser in J. Q. Adams, 128; gains sense of security from Conscience Whigs movement, 128; adopts Adams’s ideas, 129; lectures before lyceums, 130; neglects law practice, 130; helps organize Conscience Whigs caucus, 130; as middleman between Conscience Whigs and national antislavery movement, 130-1; wooed by Webster and Lawrence factions, 131—2; at 1847 Whig convention, 133; favors withdrawal from Whig party, 133-5

Hopes for new antislavery party, 134; defends Palfrey’s opposition to Winthrop, 136; and presidential nominations of 1848, 137; helps organize Free Soil Party, 138-40; attends Buffalo convention, 140; runs for Congress (1848), 141-2;

402 (2o Charles Sumner and ihe Coming of ihe Civil War

Sumner, Charles {continued)

ostracized by Appleton, Lawrence, 142-3; has cool relations with Felton, Hillard, 143-S; forms friendship with C. F. Adams, 145; continues friendship with Howe, 145-6; continues friendship with Longfellow, 146—7; feels social isolation, 147; thrives on martyrdom, 147—8; in crucial position in Free Soil controversy, 150; has Democratic tendencies, 150-1; attacks segregation in schools, 151; promotes Coalition, 152

Opposes Clay’s compromise bills, 156; damns Webster’s 7th of March speech, 156; defeated for Congress (1850), 157; plays ambiguous role in Coalition, 157-8; plans Senate candidacy, I 5 g_ 9 ; is Coalition candidate for Senator, 159; denounced, 160; in prolonged Senate election contest, 165-9; during final ballots on Senate election, 169; reactions to election of, 170, worried by election victory, 171 Begins Senate career, 172; daily routine of, 174—5; makes friends in Senate, 176; social life of, in Washington, 177; work habits of, as Senator, 177; makes first Senate speech on Kossuth, 178; relates reactions to Kossuth speech, 178; defends railroad land grant in Iowa, 178—9; writhes under

Sumner, Charles {contintied)

Boston criticism, 179; physical description of, 180; oratory of, appraised, 181-4; antislavery zeal doubted, 185; and presidential election of 1852,185; aids Drayton and Sayres, 186; remains silent on slavery, 186—7; moves repeal of fugitive slave law, 188; denied pemiission to speak, 189; tries to repeal Fugitive Slave Act, 190—1, antislavery ideology of, 191-2; delivers “Freedom National” speech, 193-5; loses motion to repeal fugitive slave law, 198 Pleased with reactions to “Freedom National” speech, 199; attacked for not aiding Coalition, 200; attacked for silence in 1852-3 Senate session, 201-2; breaks friendship with Lieber, 203; in Massachusetts constitutional convention of 1853, 204; defends new constitution, 206; quarrels with Adams, 207; quarrels with Palfrey, 207; bleak political prospects of, 208; quarrels with Everett, 208; opposes Kansas-Nebraska bill, 209; helps draft “Appeal of Independent Democrats,” 210; in Kansas-Nebraska debates, 211-2; delivers “Landmark of Freedom” speech, 212; assailed by Douglas, 212-3; supported by M^assachusetts, 213-4; in final debates on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 215-6;

Index 403

Sumner, Charles {continued)

defends New England clergy, 217; blamed lor Burns rescue, 217; undeterred by threats, 218; engages in Senate quarrel over meaning of his oath, 219-20; helps organize Massachusetts Republican party, 222; hopes for new antislavery party, 222; in campaign ol 1854, 223; pursues cautious policy toward Know-nothings, 224; has unsuccessful term in Senate (1854-5), 225; lectures on antislavery in New York, 225; makes Western tour, 226—7; campaigns for Republican ticket, 228; attacks Know-nothings, 228; has no opportunity to distinguish self in Senate (1855-6), 229; has Senate seat threatened by Gardner, 229; plans new denunciation of slavery, 231

Hears of proslavery outrages in Kansas, 233-4; prepares speech on Kansas, 235; delivers “Crime against Kansas” speech, 236-40; attacks Butler, Mason, and Douglas, 237-40; threatened, 241-2; as object of Brooks’s planned assault, 243; is assaulted by Brooks, 246—7; wounds of described, 248-9; Northern reactions to assault upon, 250-1; Massachusetts reactions to assault upon, 251; political implications ol assault upon, 252—6; Southern

Sumner, Charles {continued)

press opinion of assault upon, 254-7; Congressional debates on assault upon, 257; Southern interpretation of Brooks attack upon, 258—9; Northern interpretation of Brooks attack upon, 259; praised by Emerson as whitest soul, 260

Injuries of, described, 261-2; early recovery of, 262; sulTers relapse, 262; consults physicians, 264; uses illness to aid party, 266; returns to Boston, 267; re-elected to Senate, 268-9; accused of shamming illness,

270- 2; symptoms of, described,

271- 2; suffers relapse, 273;

travels to Europe for health (1857), 273; suffers further

relapse, 274; plans new assault on slavery, 275; unable to attend to Senate duties, 276; returns to Europe for health (1858), 278; nature of illness ol, diagnosed, 279-80; undergoes treatment by Brown-Sequard, 281-3; travels for health, 285; resignation of suggested, 285-6; spends winter (1858-9) in Montpellier, 287; travels in Italy, 287—8; travels in France and England, 288-9; returns to United States, 289

Laments barbarism of Washington, 292; out of touch with political issues, 292-3; expects Seward to

404 Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War

V

Sumner, George {cotititmcd)

be nominated, 294; reacts to Lincoln’s nomination, 294; delivers “Barbarism of Slavery” speech, 295-8; campaigns in 1860, 303; forms plans for coping with secession, 305-7; opposes Northern concessions to seceders, 307; opposes Seward-Adains concessions to South, 312; quarrels with Adams, 312; attacks Adams, 315-6; urged as minister to Great Britain, 318; puzzled by Lincoln, 319; welcomes Lincoln’s inaugural, 319; named chairman of Senate foreign relations committee, 320; shares in patronage, 320; and Sumter crisis, 321—2; urges emancipation as war measure, 323

Sumner, Charles Pinckney; characterized, 3; becomes sheriff of Suffolk County, 7; supervises Sumner’s work at Harvard, 8; on Sumner’s choice of vocation, 14; as Antimason, 15; reproaches Sumner, 20; has worsening relations with Sumner, 60; dies, 60; hostile to slavery, 109

Sumner, Mrs. Charles P.: characterized, 3-4; supports Sumner, 61; pays Sumner’s debts, 69

Sumner, George, 5; European adventures of, 61; called Russian spy, 148; nurses Sumner, 262; dismisses Dr. Boyle, 263; sees

Lincoln, 318; urges Sumner’s appointment as minister to Great Britain, 318; writes on prison discipline, 341n60 Sumner, Henry, 5; feuds with Sumner, 77; falls ill, 79 Sumner, Horace, 77 Sumner, Jane, 29 Sumner, Job, 2

Sumner, Julia: plays with Sumner, 61; clashes with Sumner, 77 Sumner, Mary: is admired by

Sumner, 61; falls ill, 77; death of, 83

Sumner, Matilda, 4 Sumner's Reports, 26 Sutherland, Duchess of, 273

T

Taney, Roger B., 196 Taylor, Zachary: and outbreak of Mexican War, 118; favored for Presidency, 131; as presidential candidate, 133; nominated, 139; death of, 156

Texas: Sumner denounces

annexation of, 113; Massachusetts Whigs oppose annexation of, 113-4; admission as state opposed, 117

Thackeray, William M., 274 Thibaut, Anton F.J., 57 Thies, Louis, 277 Thoreau, Henry David, 285 Thwing, T. C., 62

405

Ticknor, George: teaches Sumner, 9; visited by Sumner in Paris, 39; invites Sumner to tell adventures, 60; meets Morpeth, 66; helps purchase “Orpheus,” 67; Sumner suspects conspiracy by, 78; on prison discipline, 103-4; elected manager of Boston Prison Discipline Society, 106; ostracizes Sumner, 107; condemns Brooks assault, 254

Ticknor, Mrs. George, 60 Ticknor & Fields, 230 Times, The (London), 301 Tocqueville, Alexis de: shapes

Sumner’s view on penology, 102; supports Sumner, 107; welcomes Sumner to France. 273 Toombs, Robert: hears “Crime against Kansas,” 237; approves of Brooks assault, 248; cuts Sumner, 273

Toucey, Isaac, 237 Tower, Charlemagne, 12 Trousseau, Armand, 287 Troy and Greenfield Railroad: in 1851 Senate election, 167; in constitutional convention of 1853, 205

“True Grandeur of Nations, The”: summarized, 91-3; hostile reactions to, 93—5; favorable reactions to, 95; wide circulation of 96; appeal of, 97-8; political implications of, 115 Turgenev, Ivan, 273 Tyler, John, 113

u

Underwood, Joseph R., 179

V

Van Buren,John, 139 Van Buren, Martin, 131; as Free Soil candidate, 140-1 Van Rensselaer, Euphemia, 75 Van Zandt case, 196 Vaughan, Charles, 46 Vaughan, John, 42 Vesey, Francis, 80 Victoria, Queen, 43

w

Wade, Benjamin F.: criticizes

Sumner’s oratory, 183; votes to repeal fugitive slave law, 198; disapproves of “Crime against Kansas,” 241; favors coercing seceders, 305; proposes expedition to hold Sumter, 321 Walker, Timothy, 8 Walker, William, 277 Walsh, Robert, 177 War System of the Commonwealth of Nations, The,” 99 Ward, Annie, 73-4 Ward, Julia: described, 73; on Sumner’s unmarried state, 75; engagement of, 76; see also Howe, Julia Ward Ward, Louisa, 73 Ward, Samuel, 75-6 Washburne, Emorv, 253

406 'rrio Charles Sumner and the Coming ol the Civil War

Washington Star, 218, 241 Washington JJuiou, 218, 270 Wayland, Francis, 103 Webb, Seth, Jr., 161 Webster, Daniel, 6; heard by Sumner, 7; presents prize to Sumner, 15; pleads before Supreme Court, 23; attacked by Channing, 85; opposes Sumner’s appointment to Harvard Law School, 108; opposes slavery, 110; writes Crco/c letter, 113; opposes agitation over Texas, 114; as presidential possibility, 115; at 1846 Whig convention, 124; as presidential candidate, 131; invites Conscience Whig support, 131-2; at 1847 Whig convention, 132; and 1848 election, 138; supports compromise, 156; becomes Secretary of State, 156; opposes Winthrop, 156; opposes Conscience Whigs junto, 157; and Sumner’s election, 169; as orator, 180; hears “Freedom National’’ speech, 197 Webster, Fletcher, 252 Weed, Thurlow: and Sumner’s first election, 169; begs Sumner to campaign in New York, 303; underestimates secession crisis, 305; condemned by Sumner, 310

Weller, John B., 198 Welles, Gideon, 317 Wharncliffe, Baron, 45 Whewell, William, 46

Whig party (Mass.): opposes

annexation of Texas, 113; splits on Texas issue, 114-5; opposes further Texas agitation, 115; state convention of, 123; divided between Webster and Lawrence factions, 131; state convention of, 132; opposes Coalition, 161; questions Sumner’s antislavery zeal, 187; opposes new constitution, 204; reacts to Kansas-Nebraska Act, 211; see also Conscience Whigs; Cotton Whigs

Whipple, E. P., 98 “White Slavery in the Barbary States,” 130

Whittier, John G.: as Liberty party leader, 139; urges Sumner to run for Senate, 158—9 Wigfall, Louis T., 295 Wigglesworth, Edward, 62 Wigglesworth, Thomas, 62 Willis, N. P., 49 Wilmington (N.C.) Herald, 256 Wilmot, David, 157 Wilmot Proviso, 132 Wilson, Henry: as Conscience Whig leader, 114; contributes to Boston WIi{q, 119; favors Webster, 138; organizes Free Soilers, 141; favors Coalition, 157; attacks Morton, 167; explains Sumner’s election, 170; urges Sumner to speak out, 187; praises Sumner, 197; blames Sumner for Coalition defeat, 200; opposed by Adams

clique, 201; suspects Sumner, 201; secures Sumner’s election to constitutional convention, 204; praises Sumner’s encounter with Butler, 221; runs for governor, 222; becomes Know-nothing, 223; elected to Senate, 224; breaks with Know-nothings, 227; reorganizes Republican party, 227; urged to resign, 229; disapproves of “Crime against Kansas,’’ 241; tries to guard Sumner, 242; takes Sumner home after Brooks assault, 248; reports to Senate on Brooks assault, 249; refuses to duel with Brooks, 257; as member of Bird Club, 269; summons Sumner to Washington, 277; on Adams’s appointment to Cabinet, 315; urges Sumner’s appointment as minister to Great Britain, 318; accuses Butler of inciting attack, 365n74

Winthrop, Robert C., 11; rebukes “True Grandeur of Nations,’’ 93; opposes Texas agitation, 114-5; characterized, 120; votes on Mexican War bill, 120; replies to “Boston’’ letters, 121-2; breaks off friendship with Sumner, 122; at 1846 Whig convention, 124; characterizes Sumner, 125; re-elected to Congress, 125; at 1847 Whig convention, 133; opposed by Palfrey for speakership, 136; re-elected to

^ 407

Congress (1848), 142; fivors

Whig-Free Soil reconciliation, 149-50; criticizes Webster’s 7th ot March speech, 156; succeeds Webster in Senate, 156; as Whig candidate for Senate, 161; analyzes Sumner, 171; derides Sumner’s speeches, 183; jeers at Sumner’s silence, 187; attacks Compromise ot 1850, 214; invited to join Republican party, 227; on Brooks assault, 254; blackballs Sumner for Massachusetts Historical Society, 300; supports Crittenden Compromise, 308 Wise, Henry A., 177 Wister, Caspar: diagnoses Sumner’s illness, 264; declares Sumner seriously injured, 271; advises Sumner to renounce work, 272; analyzes Sumner’s symptoms, 279

Woodbury, Levi, 196 Worcester Palladium, 189 Wordsworth, William, 44 Wortley, Georgiana, 48 Wright, Elizur, 163

Y

Young Men’s Republican Club of New York, 301

Young Whigs, see Conscience Whigs

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

David Herbert Donald, who has twice been awarded the Pulitzer Prize tor Biography, is Charles Warren Professor of American History and Professor of American Civilization Emeritus at Harvard University. His many books include Lincoln's Herndon, Lincoln Reconsidered, The Politics of Reconstruction, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man, and Look Homeward: A Life of Hiomas Wolfe.