Abri Labuttat (France). See also artificial memory systems
Abu Hureyra (Syria). See also agriculture
Acheulean industry (Lower Paleolithic); as “culture”; late. See also biface; Homo ergaster; Homo heidelbergensis
Adams, Robert McC., See also Sumer
Agricola (Georg Bauer)
agriculture; “agricultural revolution” in Europe; crop rotation in; origin of, and Upper Paleolithic technological innovation. See also domestication; Fertile Crescent; Neolithic Revolution; village
‘Ain Ghazal (Jordan)
Ain Mallaha (Israel). See also Natufian culture
Akkadian state
Alexander the Great. See also Greece, ancient
Algaze, Guillermo. See also nation-state or civilization; Sumer
alternative reality; archaeology of. See also creativity; humans, modern; mind, human; modernity
Ambrose, Stanley. See also Mount Toba; tools and weapons, composite
amphibians
Amphioxus
analogical. See also digital; representations, mental; symbols; visual art
analytical engine
Ancient Hunters and Their Modern Representatives (Sollas)
Andean civilization
Annelida
Antikythera Mechanism. See also Greece, ancient
ants; genus Atta. See also eusociality; honeybee; super-brain, modern human; super-organism; Wheeler, William Morton; Wilson, Edward O.
apes; cognitive abilities of; evolution of; relation of, to humans. See also chimpanzee; Darwin, Charles; Dryopithecus; gorilla; knuckle walking; Linnaeus, Carolus; orangutan; Proconsul
archaeology; cognitive; culture concept of; history of; in Soviet Union; systems ecology perspective of. See also Bordes, François; Childe, V. Gordon; Leroi-Gourhan, André; Renfrew, Colin
Archimedes. See also Greece, ancient
Ardipithecus ramidus. See also bipedalism; hand, human
army; marching formations of
art. See visual art
artificial intelligence (AI); consequences of; “strong”. See also creativity; Kurzweil, Ray; mind, human; Turing, Alan
artificial memory systems; quipu as. See also technology: information
artificial selection
Assmann, Jan. See also Egypt, ancient
Aurignacian industry. See also Upper Paleolithic: early
Austen, Jane
Australians; Aranda (Arunta); as “living fossils”
australopithecines
Australopithecus afarensis. See also bipedalism; hand, human
Australopithecus anamensis. See also bipedalism
Australopithecus garhi. See also Oldowan industry
Avdeevo (Russia). See also Gravettian industry
axon. See also brain; neurons
Babbage, Charles
Babylonian Empire
Bacon, Francis
baking oven. See also Ohalo II
Bantu-speaking peoples. See also iron technology
Barbegal (France). See also Roman Empire: water wheels in
Bar-Yosef, Ofer. See also Natufian culture
basket
Benz, Ernst
Berekhat Ram (Golan Heights)
Bickerton, Derek. See also language, syntactic; representations, mental; symbols
biface (bifacial stone artifact, hand ax; Lower Paleolithic); of bone; earliest dated; functions of; intentionality and; microscopic wear patterns on; from North Africa; origin of; sameness of, in space and time; as social-binding agent; spread of, out of Africa; types and variants of; unused or lightly used. See also Acheulean industry; Isaac, Glynn Ll.; Leakey, Mary; mental template; representations, mental: artificial
Bilzingsleben (Germany)
Binford, Lewis
biogeographic “rules” of climate adaptation. See also humans, modern: anatomy of; Neanderthals: cold adaptation by
bipedalism; anatomical changes related to; energy efficiency of; origin of; recognition of, in fossil record; relation of, to evolution of hand
Blombos Cave (South Africa). See also Middle Stone Age, in Africa; modernity
Boden, Margaret. See also creativity
Bodo (Ethiopia)
Boëda, Eric. See also Levallois prepared-core technology
Bone Cave (Tasmania)
Bonn-Oberkassel (Germany). See also domestication: of Upper Paleolithic dog
bonobo. See chimpanzee: pygmy
Bordes, François. See also Neanderthals: “cultures” or “tribes” of
bow and arrow; Upper Paleolithic. See also Stellmoor
Boxgrove (England). See also Acheulean industry; biface: microscopic wear patterns on; Homo heidelbergensis
brain; cerebellum; energy requirements of; evolution of; forebrain; function of; hindbrain; of invertebrates; midbrain (mesencephalon); prefrontal cortex; symbols in; telencephalon; temporal lobe; volume (cranial capacity) of. See also mind, human; super-brain, modern human
brain-imaging technology; modular model of mind and. See also computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging, functional; positron-emission tomography
Braudel, Fernand
Broken Hill (Zambia). See Kabwe
bubonic plague; “Black Death” as
Bunge, Mario. See also Chomsky, Noam; mind, human
burial; grave offerings and; ritual. See also death, denial of
Butler, Samuel. See also Darwin, Charles
Byron, Lord. See also Shelley, Mary
calendar; in ancient Egypt; lunar; in Sumer. See also artificial memory systems; Marshack, Alexander
Calvin, William. See also biface; language, syntactic
Cambrian period
Campanian Ignimbrite volcanic eruption. See also Kostenki–Borshchevo sites; Upper Paleolithic: early
Carpenter’s Gap (Australia). See also humans, modern: colonization of Australia by
catarrhines. See also primates; vision: color
cave paintings (Upper Paleolithic)01. See also Chauvet Cave; visual art
ceramic technology. See also Dolní Veěstonice; pottery; Sumer; Yuchanyan Cave
chaîne opératoire. See also Leroi-Gourhan, André
“Chatelperronian” industry. See also Neanderthals; ornaments
Chauvet Cave (France). See also cave paintings; visual art
Childe, V. Gordon; on creativity; cultural evolutionism and; on Industrial Revolution; Marxism and; on mechanical technology in Upper Paleolithic; “Neolithic Revolution” of; on pace of innovation; personality of; Soviet Union and; “Urban Revolution” of. See also archaeology: history of; Collingwood, R. G.; creativity; history
chimpanzee; neocortex in; pygmy (bonobo). See also apes
China: ancient civilization of; Eastern Zhou period of; industrial era in; Legalism in; mechanical clock of Su Sung; Ming dynasty of; monumental architecture of; origin of; Qin dynasty of; Qing (Manchu) dynasty of; Shang dynasty of; technology in; Warring States period of; Xia dynasty of. See also compass, magnetic; Egypt, ancient; Maya; Roman Empire; Sumer
Chomsky, Noam. See also discrete infinity; language, syntactic; mind, human; Minimalist Program; representations, mental
Chordata
city-state; in Greece; in Mesopotamia. See also Greece, ancient; nation-state or civilization
Clark, J. Desmond. See also biface; Middle Stone Age, in Africa
clock, mechanical; escapement mechanism of; of Su Sung (waterpowered); weight-driven; worldview and. See also Mumford, Lewis
clothing, tailored. See also needle, eyed
Cnidaria. See also brain: evolution of “cognitive revolution”
Collingwood, R. G.; historical thinking of. See also Childe, V. Gordon; history; mind, human
Combe-Saunière I (France). See also spear-thrower; technology: mechanical
compass, magnetic. See also China: technology in
computed tomography (CT). See also brain-imaging technology
computer, programmable digital
cone photoreceptors. See also vision
conjunctive technology. See tools and weapons, composite
connectionism
consciousness; higherorder; mechanical; primary. See also artificial intelligence; Edelman, Gerald; language, syntactic
Coolidge, Frederick. See also working memory; Wynn, Thomas
Copernicus, Nicolaus
Corballis, Michael. See also creativity; mind, human
cranial capacity, human. See brain: volume of
creativity; archaeological evidence for; definition of; prefrontal cortex and; suppression of. See also artificial intelligence; Boden, Margaret; Childe, V. Gordon; Chomsky, Noam; modernity; music; super-brain, modern human; technology; visual art
Cretaceous period
Croce, Benedetto. See also Collingwood, R. G.; history
Darwin, Charles. See also natural selection
Darwin, Erasmus
Davidson, Iain. See also archaeology: cognitive
Dawkins, Richard
Dawn of European Civilization, The (Childe). See also archaeology: culture concept of
Deacon, Terrence W., See also language, syntactic
death, denial of. See also intentionality
Decline of the West, The (Spengler). See also history
Deetz, James. See also language, syntactic: artifacts and; mental template
dendrites. See also brain; neurons
Descartes, René. See also mind–body dualism
Dessauer, Frederick. See also technology: philosophy of
digital. See also analogical; language, syntactic; representations, mental; symbols
digging implements
discrete infinity. See also Chomsky, Noam; creativity; language, syntactic
Dmanisi (Georgia). See also Oldowan industry
DNA: ancient; mitochondrial; of Neanderthals
Dobranichevka (Ukraine). See also dwelling: of mammoth bones
dog. See domestication: of Upper Paleolithic dog
Dolní Veěstonice (Czech Republic). See also Gravettian industry
domestication; of donkey; of horse; of ox; of plants; of Upper Paleolithic dog. See also agriculture
Donald, Merlin, See also symbols: storage of
Dorset, Late (arctic culture)
drill, rotary. See also Kostenki–Borshchevo sites; Upper Paleolithic: early
Dryopithecus. See also apes; hand, human: evolution of
dualism. See mind–body dualism
Dunbar, Robin. See also language, syntactic; “social brain hypothesis”
dwelling (house); of mammoth bones (late Upper Paleolithic); paved floor in (late Upper Paleolithic); rectilinear. See also ‘Ain Ghazal; Dobranichevka; Kostenki–Borshchevo sites; Mezhirich; Yudinovo
E. coli (bacterium). See also brain: evolution of
Edelman, Gerald. See also brain; consciousness; language, syntactic; mind, human
Egypt, ancient; Akhenaten; calendar in; Cheops; Djoser’s step pyramid in; Fourth Dynasty of; Great Pyramid in; longevity of; Middle Kingdom “police state” in; nation-state imposed on clans and villages in; nomes in; Old Kingdom of; sed festival in; Sixth Dynasty of; technology in; Third Dynasty of; tombs as art in; Twelfth Dynasty of; unification of Lower and Upper; writing in. See also Assmann, Jan; China; creativity: suppression of; Kemp, Barry J.; Sumer
Eliseevichi I (Russia). See also domestication: of Upper Paleolithic dog
El Niño
embodied cognition. See also Heidegger, Martin
emergent materialism. See also mind, human
Emmorey, Karen. See also language, syntactic: sign language as; positronemission tomography
Engels, Frederick
Enlightenment
Eocene epoch
escapement mechanism. See clock, mechanical: escapement mechanism of
eukaryotes
EUP. See Upper Paleolithic: early
Europe, medieval
eusociality (true sociality); evolution of (“progressive provisioning” hypothesis); in insects; in mammals; reproductive biology of. See also ants; honeybee; mole rat, African; super-brain, modern human; superorganism; Wheeler, William Morton; Wilson, Edward O.
evolution, convergent
evolutionary psychologists. See also mind, human: computational theory of; Pinker, Steven
extinctions
eyeglasses
femur, human
Fertile Crescent. See also agriculture
fishing; gorge for
foot, human. See also bipedalism
foramen magnum, human. See also bipedalism
FOXP2 gene. See also Neanderthals: genome of
Frankenstein (Shelley)
French Academy of Linguistics
frontal bone
Galago demidovii. See also brain: evolution of; primates
Galgenburg (Austria), “dancing lady” sculpture from
Galileo Galilei
Geissenklösterle (Germany). See also music
generativity. See creativity
Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (Israel)
gibbons. See also bipedalism; primates
Goldberg, Elkhonon. See also brain; creativity; prefrontal cortex
Gona (Ethiopia)
Goodall, Jane, See also chimpanzee gorilla
Gravettian industry; art and; burials and; household items of; as industrial revolution; population growth and; settlements and; skeletal remains and; as technology; “Venus” figurine and; worldview of. See also Kostenki–Borshchevo sites; Upper Paleolithic: middle
Greece, ancient; Alexandria; Hellenistic period of; Ptolemaic dynasty of; technology in. See also China; Egypt, ancient; Maya; Roman Empire; Sumer
Greenfield, Patricia. See also language, syntactic: artifacts and
Greenland ice core record
Greenland Interstadial. See also Greenland ice core record
Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik (Kapp)
guns; cannons, earliest, 164; gunpowder
Gutenberg, Johannes. See also printing; technology: information
Hadar (Ethiopia). See also Australopithecus afarensis
hand, human; apical tufts of; of Australopithecus afarensis; evolution of; glabrous skin of; grips of; of Homo ergaster; of Homo habilis; movements of; opposition of finger and thumb; of Paranthropus robustus; ratio of thumb length to index finger length; as sensory organ (“sensory hand”). See also bipedalism; Mountcastle, Vernon; Napier, John Russell; representations, mental: artificial; vocal tract, human
hand ax. See biface
“hard-hammer” flaking technique
harpoon
Hegel, G. W. F., See also history
Heidegger, Martin. See also technology: philosophy of
Heinrich Event
Hellenistic period. See Greece, ancient: Hellenistic period of
hemoglobin
Herder, Johann
Herto (Ethiopia). See also humans, modern: anatomy of
history; mind and; “people without” ; prehistory and; as progress; theocratic; Upper Paleolithic as. See also Childe, V. Gordon; Collingwood, R. G.; creativity; Hegel, G. W. F.; Kant, Immanuel; mind, human; Smail, Daniel Lord
Hitler, Adolf
Hobbes, Thomas; on mechanical technology as “artificiall life”. See also eusociality; Leviathan; super-brain, modern human; super-organism
Hohle Fels Cave (Germany). See also music; visual art
Hohlenstein-Stadel (Germany). See also Löwenmensch figurine
Holloway, Ralph. See also brain: evolution of
Homo erectus
Homo ergaster
Homo habilis
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo neanderthalensis. See Neanderthals
Homo sapiens. See also humans, modern
honeybee (Apis sp.); externalized representations (“dance language”) of. See also eusociality; representations, mental; super-brain, modern human; super-organism
humans, modern: anatomy of; brain volume of; colonization of Australia by; dispersal of, out of Africa; evolution of; identification of, from isolated teeth; as “information animal”; information overload and; self-redesign of, as organisms; tropical-climate adaptation of. See also Homo sapiens; language, syntactic; Middle Stone Age, in Africa; mind, human; modernity; Neanderthals; super-brain, modern human; Upper Paleolithic
hunter-gatherers, recent; historical change among
Huxley, Thomas H., See also Darwin, Charles
hypothalamus
“ice cellar.” See storage, of perishables: cold
Idea of History, The (Collingwood)
inclusive fitness. See also eusociality; natural selection
Industrial Revolution. See also Childe, V. Gordon
intentionality; definition of; Lower Paleolithic biface and
iron technology; agriculture in China and; of Bantu-speaking peoples; farming implements and; horse domestication and; horseshoes and; impact of, on Africa; weapons and. See also technology
irrigation
Isaac, Glynn Ll., See also Acheulean industry; biface; Olorgesailie
Johanson, Donald
Kabwe (Zambia)
Kalambo Falls (Zambia)
Kant, Immanuel. See also history; technology: philosophy of
Kapp, Ernst. See also technology: philosophy of
Kemp, Barry J., See also Egypt, ancient
kiln. See also ceramic technology; Dolní Veěstonice
Klein, Richard G., See also neural hypothesis
knowledge; history and; of planet as a whole; technological. See also Childe, V. Gordon; Kant, Immanuel
knuckle walking. See also apes; bipedalism; chimpanzee; gorilla
Konso (Ethiopia)
Kossinna, Gustav. See also archaeology: culture concept of; Childe, V. Gordon
Kostenki–Borshchevo sites (Russia); earliest visual art at; EUP landscape at; human skeletal remains from; Kostenki; Kostenki; Kostenki; Kostenki; mammoth-bone house at. See also archaeology: in Soviet Union; Gravettian industry; Upper Paleolithic: early
Kramer, Samuel Noah. See also Sumer
Kurzweil, Ray. See also artificial intelligence
Laetoli (Tanzania), fossil footprints at. See also bipedalism
La Marche (France). See also artificial memory systems
lamps; of mammoth bone. See also technology: in Upper Paleolithic
language, syntactic; artifacts and; braille as; compared with genetic code; consciousness and; hierarchical structure of; as organism; origin of; “principlesand- parameters model” of; “protolanguage” (non-syntactic) and; sign language as; throwing objects and; “vocal grooming” as. See also Bickerton, Derek; Chomsky, Noam; honeybee; Minimalist Program; representations, mental: artificial; symbols; vocal tract, human
Language Research Center (Georgia State University)
Last Glacial Maximum. See also Gravettian industry; Upper Paleolithic: late
Lateglacial Interstadial
Later Stone Age, in Africa. See also Upper Paleolithic
Laugerie Basse (France). See also artificial memory systems
Leach, Edmund. See also Lévi-Strauss, Claude
Leakey, Louis. See also Olduvai Gorge
Leakey, Mary. See also Oldowan industry; Olduvai Gorge
Le Cerisier (France). See also dwelling
Leroi-Gourhan, André. See also chaîne opératoire; representations, mental: externalized; symbols: storage of
Levallois prepared-core technology
Leviathan (Hobbes). See also superbrain, modern human
Lévi-Strauss, Claude; on myth; structuralism and
Lewontin, Richard
Linnaeus, Carolus
Little Ice Age
Lokalalei 2C (Kenya)
Lolita (Nabokov)
Löwenmensch figurine. See also Hohlenstein-Stadel; Upper Paleolithic: early; visual art
Lower Paleolithic. See also Acheulean industry; biface; Oldowan industry
“Lucy.” See Australopithecus afarensis
Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis. See also “social brain hypothesis”
magnetic resonance imaging, functional (fMRI). See also brain-imaging technology
Man Makes Himself (Childe)
Marr, David; theory of vision of. See also vision
Marshack, Alexander. See also artificial memory systems; calendar: lunar
Marx, Karl
Marxism; cultural evolutionary models of. See also archaeology: in Soviet Union; Childe, V. Gordon
mathematics; as applied to technology; as applied to thought. See also Egypt, ancient; Sumer; technology
Maya, ancient civilization of the; Late Classic; Tik’al (city). See also Egypt, ancient; Sumer
McHenry, Henry. See also bipedalism
Medieval Warm Period
memes
mental template. See also Acheulean industry; biface; Deetz, James; Oldowan industry; representations, mental: artificial
“mental time travel”. See also intentionality; mind, human; representations, mental
Mesozoic era
Mezhirich (Ukraine). See also dwelling: of mammoth bones; traps
Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia). See also needle, eyed
Middle Paleolithic, in Eurasia. See also Levallois prepared-core technology; Neanderthals; tools and weapons, composite
Middle Stone Age, in Africa; regional variation of artifacts in. See also modernity; tools and weapons, composite
mind, human; computational theory of; emergent properties of; history and; modular model of; origin of; superbrain as transcends biological space and time. See also brain; Bunge, Mario; Chomsky, Noam; creativity; Descartes, René; humans, modern; language, syntactic; proto-mind; super-brain, modern human
mind–body dualism; “ghost in the machine” and. See also Descartes, René
mineral pigments; black manganese dioxide; red ocher. See also tools and weapons, composite
Minimalist Program. See also Chomsky, Noam; language, syntactic; super-brain, modern human
Miocene epoch
Mithen, Steven
modernity: archaeological definition of; behavioral; definition of; disconnect of, with modern human anatomy; genetic mutation and; language and; “shopping list” approach to. See also language, syntactic; mind, human; prefrontal cortex; super-brain, modern human; working memory
mole rat, African. See also eusociality; super-organism
mollusks
Morgan, Lewis Henry. See also archaeology: in Soviet Union; Marxism
Mountcastle, Vernon. See also hand, human
Mount Toba (Sumatra), volcanic eruption of. See also modernity
Mumford, Lewis; on civilization as mega-machine; on mechanical clock; on slavery. See also nation-state or civilization; technology
music; instruments. See also Geissenklösterle; Hohle Fels Cave; Upper Paleolithic: early
myelin
Nabokov, Vladimir
Napier, John Russell. See also hand, human
Nariokotome (Kenya)
Narmada (India)
nation-state or civilization; creativity and; monumental architecture of; as reorganized super-brain. See also China; Egypt, ancient; Greece, ancient; Maya; Roman Empire; Sumer
Natufian culture. See also Bar-Yosef, Ofer
natural selection. See also Darwin, Charles; eusociality
Nazi Party
Ndutu (Tanzania)
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis); anatomy of; brain volume of; burials of; cognitive archaeology of; cold adaptation by; competition of, with modern humans; “cultures” or “tribes” of; genetic drift and; genome of; large-mammal hunting by; ornaments of; as “promiscuous horde”; retromolar space of. See also Binford, Lewis; Bordes, François; Homo heidelbergensis; Middle Paleolithic, in Eurasia; tools and weapons, composite
needle, eyed; cases for. See also Upper Paleolithic: early
neocortex
Neolithic Revolution. See also Childe, V. Gordon
nerve cells. See neurons
nets. See also technology: in Upper Paleolithic
neural crest. See also brain: evolution of
neural hypothesis. See also humans, modern: anatomy of; Klein, Richard G.; language, syntactic; modernity
neurons. See also synapses
neurotechnology. See technology: information
Noble, William. See also archaeology: cognitive
Notarchirico (Italy)
notochord
noumena (things-in-themselves). See also Dessauer, Frederick; Kant, Immanuel; phenomena; technology: philosophy of
Ohalo II (Israel). See also agriculture; baking oven
Oldowan industry (Lower Paleolithic); association of, with Homo; categories of artifacts of; “Developed Oldowan B” assemblages of; microscopic wear on artifacts of; problem of defining artifacts of; “spheroids” of. See also biface; Leakey, Mary; mental template; Olduvai Gorge; proto-biface; Toth, Nicholas
Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania); major artifact-bearing units of. See also Acheulean industry; Oldowan industry
Old World Monkeys. See also primates
Oligocene epoch
Olorgesailie (Kenya). See also Isaac, Glynn Ll.
Omo Kibish (Ethiopia). See also humans, modern: anatomy of
On the Origin of Species (Darwin)
optic tectum. See also vision
orangutan. See also apes
ornaments; of Neanderthals; of perforated shell. See also Blombos Cave; Oued Djebbana; Skhul
Orrorin turgenensis. See also bipedalism
Oswalt, Wendell H., See also techno-units
Oued Djebbana (Algeria)
Paleozoic era
Paranthropus robustus. See also hand, human
Pasteurella pestis. See bubonic plague
Peirce, Charles Sanders. See also representations, mental; symbols
Peloponnesian War. See also Greece, ancient
pelvis, human. See also bipedalism
Peninj (Tanzania)
periglacial steppe
Persian Empire
Petralona (Greece). See also Homo heidelbergensis
phenomena (things-as-they-appear). See also Dessauer, Frederick; Kant, Immanuel; noumena; technology: philosophy of
Philip of Macedon. See also Greece, ancient
Philosophy of History (Hegel)
phrase structure grammar. See also language, syntactic
Pinker, Steven. See also mind, human
Plateau Parrain (France). See also dwelling
Platyhelminthes. See also brain: evolution of
Pleistocene epoch (Ice Age)
plow; in China; iron; moldboard. See also agriculture; technology: innovation in
Pool, Robert. See also super-brain, modern human
positron-emission tomography (PET). See also brainimaging technology
pottery; mass production of, in Mesopotamia; of Upper Paleolithic. See also Sumer; Yuchanyan Cave
Povinelli, Daniel J., See also apes: cognitive abilities of
prefrontal cortex; creativity and; expansion of; working memory and. See also brain; creativity; Goldberg, Elkhonon; humans, modern; working memory
primates; arboreal adaptation of; evolution of; prosimians; tamarins; vervet monkeys; “visual predation” by; vocal communication by. See also apes; catarrhines
printing; with movable type. See also technology: information
Proconsul
prokaryotes
Proto-Aurignacian industry. See also Upper Paleolithic: early
proto-biface. See also biface; Leakey, Mary; mental template; Oldowan industry
proto-mind. See also Acheulean industry; biface; mind, human
protozoa
Prussia
“punctuated equilibria”
quipu. See also technology: information
racism
radar early-warning system
radiocarbon calibration curve
Rappaport, Roy A.
Renfrew, Colin. See also archaeology: cognitive
representations, mental; artificial or semantic; definition of; externalized (phenotypic); feedback between internal and external; as “fossil record of thought”; as geometric forms imposed on external world; iconic; natural; symbolic; visual. See also biface; hand, human; honeybee; symbols; technology; vision; visual art; vocal tract, human
reptiles
retina. See also vision
roadways
Roche, Hélène. See also Oldowan industry; representations, mental: feedback between internal and external
Rodman, Peter. See also bipedalism
Roe, Derek. See also Acheulean industry; biface
Rogachev, A. N., See also Kostenki–Borshchevo sites; Upper Paleolithic: early
Roman Empire; water wheels in. See also China; Greece, ancient
Sahelanthropus tchadensis. See also bipedalism
Santorini, volcanic eruption of
Sargon. See also Akkadian state
Saussure, Ferdinand de
“sense of self”. See also consciousness
Sensory Hand, The (Mountcastle)
sharks
Shaw, George Bernard
Shelley, Mary
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
shouldered stone point. See also Gravettian industry
Sima de los Huesos, Atapuerca (Spain)
Skhul (Israel)
slavery; decline of; technology and
Smail, Daniel Lord
“social brain hypothesis”. See also Dunbar, Robin; language, syntactic
social insects. See eusociality
Society and Knowledge (Childe)
“soft-hammer” flaking technique
Sollas, William J.
somesthetic, humans as. See also hand, human: as sensory organ
space, exploration of
spear-thrower. See also Combe-Saunière I; technology: mechanical; Upper Paleolithic: late
Spencer, Herbert
Spengler, Oswald
split-base point, of antler. See also Aurignacian industry; technology; Upper Paleolithic: early
sponges. See also brain: evolution of
stable isotope analysis, of bone
Stellmoor (Germany). See also bow and arrow
storage, of perishables; cold; pits for. See also Gravettian industry; Upper Paleolithic: late
storage, of symbols. See symbols: storage of
structuralism
Study of History, A (Toynbee). See also Collingwood, R. G.; history
Sumer; calendar in; origin of (“labor revolution”); technology in; temples and ziggurats in; wheel in; writing in. See also China; Egypt, ancient; Kramer, Samuel Noah; Maya; Roman Empire; urban center
super-brain, modern human; compared with honeybee super-brain; “consciousness” of; definition of; of Gravettian; integration of; nation-state as reorganized; super-organism and. See also honeybee; language, syntactic; mind, human; modernity; super-organism
super-organism. See also eusociality; super-brain, modern human
supra-orbital torus (brow ridge)
Swartkrans (South Africa)
symbols; archaeological traces of; in brain; storage of. See also Bickerton, Derek; Donald, Merlin; language, syntactic; Leroi-Gourhan, André
synapses (synaptic connections). See also brain; neurons
syntax. See also language, syntactic
Szeletian industry. See also Upper Paleolithic: early
Tasmanians. See also Australians; history: “people without”
Tattersall, Ian. See also humans, modern
technology; in ancient Greece; as applied to science; biotechnology; in China; creativity and; information (“neurotechnology”); innovation in; mathematics applied to; mechanical; military; mind and; philosophy of (Philosophie der Technik); of recent hunter-gatherers; in Roman Empire; slavery and; in Sumer; in Upper Paleolithic; worldview and. See also ceramic technology; Dessauer, Frederick; Heidegger, Martin; iron technology; Kapp, Ernst; representations, mental: externalized
techno-units
time; biological, as transcended by mind; cyclical concept of; Judeo-Christian concept of; linear concept of; Saint Augustine on; timescape of the mind. See also clock, mechanical; history; mind, human
tools and weapons, composite; adhesives and; manufacture of, by Neanderthals; red ocher and. See also Levallois prepared-core technology; Middle Paleolithic, in Eurasia; Middle Stone Age, in Africa; techno-units
Tossal de la Roca (Spain), See also artificial memory systems
Toth, Nicholas. See also biface; mental template; Oldowan industry
Toynbee, Arnold. See also history
traps (and snares) for small mammals; components of, at Mezhirich; robots or “smart machines” as. See also technology: mechanical
Trigger, Bruce. See also Childe, V. Gordon
Turing, Alan. See also artificial intelligence
‘Ubeidiya (Israel)
Üçağizli Cave (Turkey). See also Upper Paleolithic: early
Uluzzian industry. See also Upper Paleolithic: early
untended facilities. See traps
Upper Paleolithic; early (EUP); early, as transitional from Middle Paleolithic; as history; landscape modification in; late; middle; worldview in. See also cave paintings; Gravettian industry; language, syntactic; Later Stone Age, in Africa; modernity; super-brain, modern human; technology; visual art
Ur (Iraq). See also Sumer
urban center (city); as created social environment. See also China; city-state; Maya; Sumer
Urban Revolution; in Sumer. See also Childe, V. Gordon; nation-state or civilization
Uruk (Iraq)
“Venus” figurine. See also Gravettian industry; visual art
vertebrae, human
vertebrates
Victoria West cores. See also Levallois prepared-core technology
village; periglacial, in late Upper Paleolithic
vision; color; as information processing; visual cortex. See also brain; catarrhines; Marr, David; optic tectum; representations, mental: visual
visual art; earliest known; in early Upper Paleolithic; of Gravettian; language and; in late Upper Paleolithic; super-brain or collective mind, internal to. See also cave paintings; super-brain, modern human: integration of; Upper Paleolithic
vocal tract, human; anatomy of; choking risk of; evolution of; hyoid; reconstruction of, in fossil record. See also hand, human; language, syntactic; representations, mental
Vogelherd Cave (Germany)
Wadley, Lyn. See also modernity; symbols: storage of
walking. See also bipedalism
Wallace, Alfred Russel. See also Darwin, Charles; mind–body dualism
watercraft; axial rudder of; in China; magnetic compass and. See also China; humans, modern: colonization of Australia by; Sumer
water power (hydropower); applications of; tidal mills and; water wheels and
weights and measures. See also nation-state or civilization
Western Christendom, attitude of, toward nature. See also clock, mechanical; technology: innovation in
What Happened in History (Childe)
wheel. See also Sumer
Wheeler, William Morton
White, Lynn
Willandra Lakes (Australia)
Wilson, Edward O., See also ants; eusociality; honeybee; super-organism
wind power; sailboats and; windmills and
witchcraft
working memory. See also Coolidge, Frederick; prefrontal cortex; Wynn, Thomas
writing; pictograph as. See also nation-state or civilization; super-brain, modern human
Wynn, Thomas. See also archaeology: cognitive
Younger Dryas period
Yuchanyan Cave (China). See also pottery
Yudinovo (Russia). See also dwelling: of mammoth bones
Zaraisk (Russia). See also Gravettian industry