Aaron, 32, 34, 118–19, 123–25, 130, 132–33, 140–41, 143, 182, 213, 218, 221–22, 286, 289
Ab, 109, 235, 256
Abimelech, King, 77
Abiram, 131, 287
Abraham (Abram, Ibrahim), 2, 32–33, 39, 45, 47, 67–75, 78–81, 93–96, 105–6, 116, 204, 209, 221–22, 250, 278–79, 337, 342–45
Absalom, 193–94
Abu Gurab, 189
Abu Simbel, 153
Abydos, 106
Abyssinia, 268, 272, 274
Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy (AMS), 3–4
Adam, 311
Admonitions Scroll, 163
Agade, 35
Aggadah, 126, 335
Ahaz, 230
Ahimelech, 140
Ahmose, 41, 51, 61
Ahmose El–Kab, 65
Ain Farah, 157
Akhenaten. See Amenhotep IV.
Akhetaten. See also El-Amarna; 85, 99, 101–2, 105–6, 111, 114, 123, 132, 133, 147, 152, 156–58, 167–68, 179, 180, 188–94, 200, 218, 224–55, 227, 231–34, 236–39, 255, 266, 270, 291, 320
as the ‘New Jerusalem,’ 143–48
comparisons with Elephantine Island, 259–62
possible treasure sites in, 171–74, 176–77, 182–83, 185–86
Akkadian, 12, 73, 259, 367
Akki, 35
Aksum, 270
Al Ahxsa, 162
Aldred, Cyril, 90–91, 295, 345–47, 353, 356–57, 363–65
Aleppo Codex, 331
Alexander, David, 343
Alexander, Pat, 42, 307, 352
Alexander the Great, 60, 122, 319
Alexandria, 105, 133–34, 245, 249, 257
Alkaabez, 108, 348
Allegro, John Marco, 11, 13–14, 18, 21, 44–45, 157, 166–68, 171, 175–80, 187–89, 191–93, 200, 332–34, 339–40, 353–55
Amanita Muscaria, 45
Amarna, El-. See also Akhetaten; 40, 55, 63–66, 72–73, 84–87, 98–102, 115, 148–49, 156, 158, 160, 168, 170, 172–74, 176, 180, 183, 187–89, 191–93, 208, 225, 227–28, 243, 262, 273
Amduat, 109, 243
Amen-hetep-neter-heqa-Uast, 280
Amenhotep I, 39, 61, 79–81, 83, 114–15
Amenhotep II, 59–63, 259, 266, 361
Amenhotep III, 61–62, 83, 106, 109, 134, 153, 218, 251, 264
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten, Ikhanaton), 33, 63–65, 73, 77, 79, 84–93, 98, 100–101, 104–8, 112–17, 125, 127, 132, 133–35, 137, 142–46, 150, 152–53, 155–58, 160, 164–67, 170–74, 178, 181–83, 186, 193, 204–5, 210, 212–15, 218, 220–23, 226–27, 229–30, 232, 237, 239, 243, 248–50, 255, 257–61, 263, 279–80, 283, 289, 294, 299–300, 349, 353–58
Influence, 269–72
and the Patriarchs, 95–97, 102–5
religious beliefs, 84–91
Amenhotep family, 58, 60, 66, 92, 113, 116–17, 167, 201, 215, 224, 257–58, 260
Amenhotpe, son of Hapu, 134
Amenophis (Amenhotep or Amenhotpe), 117, 127, 134, 167
American School of Oriental Research, 9
Amhara, 269, 271
Amman, 12
Archaeological Museum, 12, 300
Ammonites, 350
Amon, 41, 55, 63, 65
Amorites, 68, 81
Amos, 140, 263–64, 266, 277
Amram, 35, 41, 132–33, 197, 219–20, 288
Amraphel, 77
amulets, 58, 92, 214
Amun, 84, 86, 106–7, 130
Amun-Ra (Amon-Re), 39, 86, 123
Anath, 55
Anatolia, 61, 73
Anderson, G. W., 69, 74, 77, 259–60, 342–44, 361
Andrea, Michelle, 18, 334
Anglican, 44
Aner, 81–82
Ani, 214, 250, 338
ankh, 290
Ankhesenpaten, 106
Ankhsheshonq, 248
Ank-Ma-Hor, 40, 130
Antiochus IV, 318–19
Antonia Fortress, the, 157
Anubis, 47
Anuket, 341
Any, 99
Aperu, 116
Apion, 134
apocalypse, 8, 203, 207
Apochrypha, 209, 291, 367
Apollo, 182
Apy, 85, 99
Aquila Bible, 209
Arabia, 263, 269
Arabic, 12, 268
Arad, Tell, 264
Araldite, 12
Aramaic, 12, 59, 132, 141, 146, 215, 220, 235, 252–54, 256, 259–61, 367
Aramaens, 257, 271
arbeitwerke, 114–15
Archimedes, 71, 344
Arizona
AMS Laboratory, 4
University of, 131
Arlington, Texas, 18
Ark of the Covenant, 16, 109, 123–26, 129, 131–32, 137, 140, 182, 225, 228–29, 271
arsenic, 26–27
Asenath, 97
Ashambethel, 264
Asher, 270
Ashera, 271, 299
Ashkelon, 135
Ashkenazi, 131
Ashmuneim, 103
Ashtaroth (Ashtoreth). See also Astorath; Astarte; 226, 229
Assiut, 102
Assmann, Jan, 244–45, 285, 290, 363–64
Assyria, 32, 42, 100, 115, 139, 241–42, 246, 257–58, 263, 271, 367
Astarte, 55, 31, 259–60, 264, 271, 361
Astorath, 221
Aswan, 256, 259, 268
Atbara, River, 100
Aten (Aton), 65, 84–87, 90–91, 99–100, 106–9, 111, 114–15, 134–37, 168, 170, 176, 189, 193, 207, 218, 222–27, 243, 296, 298–99
Athanasius, 245, 331
Atum, 51, 55, 56
Aumann, Moshe, 342
Avaris, 160, 339
Ay, 106, 130, 243
Azariah, Anani b., 263
Baal, 37, 229–31, 298
Babylon, 18, 32, 42, 129, 142–44, 205, 211, 288
Babylonians, 8, 17, 40, 72, 77, 142–43, 153, 162, 206, 257–61, 271, 319
Bagoas, 262
Bahr Yusuf, 102, 160
Baillet, M., 333
Baines, John, 354
Bakhtiari, 68–69
Bakhtyar, 70–71
Bannister, C. O., 335
Banu-yamina, 68
Bar Illan University, 283
Bar-Kochba, 351
Barnett, Mary, 353
Barthélemy, Dominique, 236, 332, 358
Baruch, 32, 287
Basel University, 245
Baumgartner, W., 360
Beck, P., 366
bedouin, 2, 37
Midianite, 36–37, 68
Mohammed edh-Dibh, 3
Taamirek tribe, 330
Beersheba, 71, 100
Belial, 222, 292
Ben Asher text, 301
Benben (Stone), 51, 178
Bender, Lionel, 362
Ben-Dor, Shoshana, 273, 362
Ben Ezra, 208
Beni Amran, 192
Benjamin, 95, 257
Benjamites, 66
Ben Shammen, 146
Ben Sira, 209
Ben-Tor, Amnon, 213
Benu-Yamina, 66
Bergman, S. H., 345
Bes, 299
Bethel, 71, 94, 223, 230, 293
Bethlehem, 203, 293
Bezalel, 126
Bezalel Museum, 264
Bible, 35–37, 43, 46, 58, 67–69, 70–72, 75, 77–78, 91, 96, 98, 100, 102, 114, 116–17, 119–20, 122–23, 129–30, 133, 139, 163, 165, 172, 193, 205, 215–16, 218, 225, 238, 241–42, 246–47, 265, 271, 311
and Egyptian texts, 50–54
texts, 19, 74, 94, 119, 232, 243, 272
and Moses’ origins, 40–42
Biblical and Archaeological Museum, Jerusalem, 257
Bibliothéque Nacionale, 331
Birch, S., 365
Birmingham University, 51
Bitter Lakes, 122
Blackman, A. M., 187
Blank, Amy, 104, 347
Blazer, S., 350
Bluffton College, 292
Bonani, G., 331
Book of the Dead, 43, 46, 51, 214, 235
borax, 299
Bradman, N., 350
Bradman, R., 350
Bradshaw, Thomas, 334, 338
brass, 304, 312, 317
brazing, 25
Breasted, James Henry, 49, 90–91, 114, 344–46, 339, 345, 353, 357–59, 368
British Iron and Steel Corporation, 2
British Musem, 24, 39, 49, 114, 127, 165, 179, 235, 242, 251, 254, 304
Brizemeure, D., 336
bromine, 235
Bronowski, J., 70–71, 81, 342, 345
bronze, 23–24, 58, 70, 128, 335
Brooke, George, xviii–xx, 144–45, 232, 283–84, 332, 353, 358–59
Brooklyn Museum, 259, 263, 299
Broshi, Magen, 358
Brown University, 220
Brugsch, H., 242, 359
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 288
Buck, A. de, 341
Buddhist teaching, 43, 55, 66, 340
Budge, E.A. Wallis, 49, 114, 242, 338–39, 348, 357–59 Bunch, Bryan, 343
Caesar, Titus, 39
Cairo, 11, 62, 97, 109, 156, 178, 208–10, 217
Museum of, 26, 129, 147, 235
Cairo-Damascus Document, 181, 288
Calderini, Aristide, 167, 354
Caleb, 123
calendar, 204, 215–16, 227, 239, 243, 343, 368
Lunar, 212
California, 22, 286
Calment, Jeanne Louise, 343
Cambridge, 207
University of, 11, 208–9, 236
Canaan, 29, 32–33, 42–43, 57–61, 64, 66, 73–75, 81–82, 93, 101, 104, 110, 115–16, 125, 137, 159, 166, 168, 180, 194, 211, 225, 227–28, 241, 260, 265, 338
possible treasure sites in, 189–91
Canaanite, 28, 167, 172–73, 221, 267, 297, 338
writing, 12, 161, 297
Proto, 12, 161
candlestick (Menorah), 17
carbon 14
dating, 4, 229, 236, 331, 368
Carmel, 230
Carmi, Israel, 331
Caroll, Lewis, 167
Catholic Church, 44
Chaeremon, 134, 136
Chaldea, 33, 67, 71, 200
Champollion, Jacques, 365
Chanukah, 272–74, 323
Charles, R. H., 355
Chedorlaomer, 81
cherubim, 126–28, 221
chests, 15, 127–28, 164, 171, 195
Chicago, University of, 18, 90, 236, 302
Children of Israel. See Israelites. Chinese, 312
Chnemu, 265
Christianity, 5, 34, 36, 41–42, 48, 50, 54, 67, 92, 155, 213, 215, 219, 230, 241–43, 270–77, 279, 303
Christians, 5, 43, 45, 88, 238, 245–46, 254, 266, 272
chromosomes, 131–32
Chronicles, Book of, 224–25, 294, 318
Chyutin, Michael, 150, 261, 291, 353, 361, 364
Cincinnati, Hebrew Union College, 143, 220, 286
circumcision, 39–40, 265, 267, 369
Clapham, Christopher, 270, 362
clay, 246, 259
Clayton, Peter, 355, 342
clothing, 109
ritual, 13, 15, 178–79, 197
Coffin Texts, 49, 56, 75, 105, 243, 251
Cohanim, 131–32
Collins, John J., 362
Collins, Nina, 121, 349
Community Rules, 207
Congreve, William, 346
Conklin, Joseph, 18, 334
Connor, Steve, 341
Contenson, Henri de, 9, 283, 332
Coogan, Michael, 42, 338
Cooke, Alistair, 74
Copenhagen University, 280
Copernicus, Nikolas, 54
copper, 12, 17, 19–20, 23–27, 128, 137–38, 234–35, 257
cupriferrous ores, 26
oxides, 26
snake, 137
Copper Scroll, 2, 9, 11–19, 25, 44–45, 57, 67, 83, 93, 108, 122, 137, 145–46, 148–49, 153, 155–56, 159–60, 172–74, 177–78, 181, 183, 186, 190, 194, 196, 200–202, 227, 249, 263, 268, 270, 283, 317
contents and interpretation of, 21–32, 163–65, 170–99
finding of, 2, 8, 301–3
language, 12–13
plaque, 24, 302
translation, 13–16
Corinthians, 326
Cowley, A. E., 263, 348, 361
Crock of Gold Square, 171–74, 181
Crocodilopolis, 119, 160
Cross, Frank Moor, 44, 193, 235, 298, 332, 358
cubit, 21, 220, 334, 349, 352
Akkadian, 349
Egyptian, 220, 349, 352
Royal, 220, 349
Ugarit, 349
cuneiform, 125
Cush (Kush), 38–39, 111, 114, 266–70
Cyrus II (Cymbyses), King, 142, 262
Dalley, Stephanie, 324
Damascus, 81, 142, 206, 208, 210
Document, 204–9, 214–15, 220–21, 226–27, 238, 292
Dan, 270
Daniel, 92
Daphne, 296
Darius II, King, 263
Darnell, John Coleman, 297
Dathan, 131, 287
David, King, 65, 140, 194–95, 224, 227–28, 247–49, 252, 270–76, 294, 350
David, Rosalie, 29, 283, 295, 334. 336, 354
Davies, N. de G., 91, 100, 179–80, 181, 189, 196, 310, 313–14, 342, 345, 354–56, 359
Davies, Philip R., 220, 291, 357–58, 364
Davies, W. V., 336
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), 216, 347
Dead Sea, 1, 8, 29, 137, 140–41, 145, 152, 155–56, 204, 206–8, 270
Dead Sea Scrolls, 1, 3–5, 8, 11–14, 16, 19–20, 26, 35, 44, 56, 108, 132, 140, 143, 145–47, 162–64, 174, 195–96, 202, 208–10, 214–16, 222–27, 229–32, 284, 298, 330–31, 369
finding of, 1, 43, 178, 206
International Congress (1997), 18–19, 141, 145, 331–32, 305, 356–57
Edinburgh Conference (1998), 150
Deben, 27, 176
Debra Sehel, 268
Deir el-Bahir, 119
Deir el-Medineh, 119
Delta, Nile, 36, 101–3, 109, 119, 122, 133, 142, 158, 160, 179, 252
demotic, 24, 245
Derchain, Philippe, 360
Deuteronomy, 36, 120, 139, 199, 208, 226, 229–30, 253, 260, 285–86, 289, 292, 294, 352, 360
Deutsch, Robert, 363
Diodorus, 134
Dionysus, 182
Divinio Afflante Spiritu, 44
Djamet, 24
Djoser, King, 181
DNA, 131–32, 275–76, 370
Dome of the Rock, the, 162
Dominican École Biblique et Archéologique Française, 3, 8, 44, 332
Dothan, 95
Dream Works SKG, 306
Driver, G. R., 358
Duke University, 153
Dupont-Sommer, André, 334
Ebal, 198–99
Ecclesiastes, 65–66, 252
Ecclesiasticus, 209
École Biblique. See also Domincan École Biblique et Archéologique Française; 3, 9, 11–12, 14, 44, 331–32
Edfu, 57
Edinburgh, 185, 253
Museum, 90, 185, 187
University of, 69, 153
Egypt, 18, 24–25, 27–34, 37–42, 45–47, 55, 57–60, 62–63, 65–67, 70–72, 74–77, 85, 89, 92–96, 100–110, 114, 116–17, 129–32, 134–37, 141–47, 156, 158–59, 164, 166, 168–69, 178, 180–81, 185, 189–94, 196, 200–202, 204, 206, 210, 214, 216–19, 222, 229–32, 234–35, 237–38, 242–46, 248–56, 258–64, 269–71
circumcision, 39–41
and Elephantine Island, 255–78
Exploration Society, 149, 331
Hebrews and, 31–34, 119–23
Egyptian, 30, 35–36, 38–40, 43–46, 48, 50, 54, 63, 65, 70–74, 80, 85–86, 89–91, 94–95, 98–99, 103–4, 113, 115–17, 119–20, 122–23, 125, 127, 137, 142–45, 147, 149, 152–53, 159, 161, 171, 173, 178, 183, 187, 189, 218, 221, 223, 227, 230–32, 234, 235, 237–38, 240–41, 266–67, 270–71, 281
influence on beliefs and practices, 79–81, 243–48
metal working, 24–27
numbering and weighing systems, 27–29, 163–64
religion, 46–50, 54–55, 57–59, 128–31, 201–2, 210–15
texts and the Bible, 50–54
Ein Gedi, 290
Einstein, 71
Eirani, Tell, 264
Eisenman, Robert, 132, 147, 163, 242, 350, 353. 357–59
Eissfeldt, O., 356
Elam, 129, 356
Eldad, Israel, 342
Eleazer, 229
Electricité de France (EDF), 336
electrum, 63
Elephantine Island, 38, 109–110, 114, 116, 158–59, 161, 202, 205, 235, 237, 241–42, 255–78, 291, 331, 348, 356, 361–65
and Egypt, 252–61
Elijah, 318
Elisha, 318
Ellens, J. H., xi–xvii, 283, 303
Elohim, 286
El-Till, 159
Elwolde, John, 20, 334
En-Gedi, 5
Enoch, 216, 272
Enosh, 343
entropy, 55
Ephraim, 33, 97, 105, 139, 269
Eratosthenes, 271
Erman, A., 347
eruv, 198–99
Esau, 94–95
Eshel, E., 283, 291, 356
Eshel, H., 283
Eshkol, 81–82
Essenes, 5, 8, 17, 140, 142–45, 149–50, 159, 167, 202–4, 207–10, 216–17, 219, 223–24, 226, 232–33, 237, 262, 267, 336, 370
Esther, Book of, 5, 159, 217, 267, 356
Ethiopia, 38–39, 61, 99, 158–59, 202, 205, 237, 249, 255–78, 361–62
Ethiopians, 113, 254, 256, 265, 268–70, 361–62
Eton College, 129
Euphrates, 42, 67–68, 278
exegetists, 282
Exodus, the, 25, 27, 32, 57, 74, 76, 103, 110–11, 115, 118–20, 126, 131, 133–36, 158, 165, 216, 241, 249, 259, 261, 264–65, 286
Book of, 35, 36, 39, 107, 114, 121–22, 124–25, 127–29, 134, 143, 226, 246, 336
Eye, the, 340–41
Eysenck, Hans, 71, 342
Ezekiel, 5, 92, 127, 140–43, 148, 167, 224–25, 285, 287–89, 290–92
Ezra, 18, 334, 342
Faiyum, 101–3, 158, 160, 347, 353
Falashas, 161, 205, 253, 268–72, 328
fate, 65
Faulkner, R. O., 341, 360
Feather, Robert 29, 283, 332, 336, 352, 354, 363, 365
Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), 63, 213
Feast of Weeks (Shavuot, Pentecost), 216
Fenton, Paul, 355–56, 358
Fevre, Francis, 345
Fitzmyer, Joseph 333, 358
flail (nekhakha), 78, 267
Florilegium, 226
Fostat, 208
France, 335, 342
Frankfort, H., 174–78, 354–55
Freer Gallery, 335
Freie University, Berlin, 134
Freud, Sigmund, 35, 80, 115–16, 202, 244, 285, 296, 337, 345, 348, 363, 365, 370
Frey, Joerg, 148, 352
Friedman, Richard Elliott, 44, 143, 286–87, 338, 352, 364
Frolov, Serge, 365
Gad, 270
Gaea, 182
Galilee, 318
Gans, Raymonde de, 221, 358
Gardiner, A.H., 341, 345
Garland, H., 335
Gaster, Theodor H., 242, 334, 359
Gauthier, Henri, 167, 354
Geb, 53, 60
Geber es Silsila, 107
Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, 336
Geiger, A., 364
Genesis, 36, 39, 53, 68, 77–82, 94–96, 98–99, 103–4, 160, 213, 216, 305, 339, 343
Apocryphon, 3–4, 331
Genizah fragments, 11, 181, 207–9, 221, 226, 267, 323
Gerizim, 16, 155–56, 193, 198–200, 230, 287
Germany, 34, 41, 333, 341
Gershom, 39, 338, 350
Gezer, 73, 135
Gibson, Margaret, 208
Gihon Spring, 195
Gilbert, Martin, 257–58, 361–62
Gilgal, 40
Gilgamesh, 80, 339
Gillings, R. J., 354
Gilukhepa, Princess, 84
Giza, 63, 152, 189
Golb, Norman, 18, 332–34
gold, 13–16, 21–23, 28–29, 44, 60–62, 81, 100, 109, 122–23, 126, 128–29, 170, 260, 263, 303–4
bars, 15, 28, 171–72, 174
collars, 33, 99–100, 314
ingots, 15, 164, 171–73
vessels, 14–15, 177, 195
Golden Calf, 122–23, 130, 226, 265, 287
Gomorrah, 81
Goodman, Paul, 37, 74, 337, 342–43
Goodrich, E. J., 314
Goranson, Stephen, 193, 334, 355
Goren, Avner, 2
Goren ha-Atad, 105
Goshen, 101–3, 119
Gottesman, Samuel, 331
Graf, Karl Heinrich, 286
Gray, John, 43, 338
Greenfield, Jonas, 333
Greek, 19, 24, 37, 48, 147, 163–64, 175, 205, 215, 244
letters in the Copper Scroll, 20, 160, 164, 166–68, 178–79, 199, 295, 303
Greeks, 23, 29, 133–34, 150, 179, 243, 246, 250
Green, Timothy, 335
Gressmann, 360
Griffith, F., 360
Griffiths, J. W., 348
Gulf of Aqaba, 123, 136
Gulf of Suez, 121
Haas, Jacob de, 349
Habakkuk, 3, 5, 142, 167, 200, 234, 300, 319
Habiru, 115
Hagar, 77
Haggadah, 319
Haggard, H. Rider, 187
Hagg Qandil, 160, 187–88
Hagu (Hagi), Book of, 214–15
Hai, 94
Haifa, 264
University, 238
Halevi, Jehudah, 209
Hallo, William W., 315
Haman, 108–9
Hammer, M. F., 350
Hammurabi, 77
Hancock, Graham, 270, 362
Hanson, Anthony Tyrrell, 228, 358
hapolytes, 131–32
Haram, 157
Haran, 33, 65–68, 94
Harding, Lankester, 11, 236
Haremhab, 148, 304
Hariri, Tell, 68
Harris Papyrus, 24–29, 335
Harvard University, 298, 335
Hasmoneans, 260, 292, 318
Hathor, 62, 65 127, 251, 310
Hatshepsut, Queen, 61
Hawara, 158, 160
Hawata, 197–98, 322
Hayes, William C., 339
Hazor, 73
Hebrew, 43, 59, 99, 125, 160–61, 163, 165, 171, 186, 189–92, 205–6, 216, 226, 254, 265, 269
patriarchs, 32–34
Union College, Cincinnati, 143, 220, 245
University, 3, 108, 257
writing, 5, 12, 20, 163, 165, 176, 230, 258, 276, 297, 302, 316
paleo, 12, 19, 125, 141, 160, 163, 215
Hebrews, 25, 31, 44, 50, 55–57, 65, 70, 74, 81, 88–89, 91, 98–99, 101–3, 106, 109–10, 115, 123–25, 127, 130–32, 134–35, 158, 194, 204, 219, 223, 235, 238, 243, 248, 253, 255, 257–60, 262, 264, 269, 338
Book of, 219
and the Exodus, 34–42, 115–17, 119–24, 258–61
Hebron, 71, 94–5, 286
Hecataeus, 134
Heidelberg University, 244, 285
Helck, Wolfgang, 354
Heliopolis, 36, 47, 51, 53, 56, 64, 113–14, 131, 134, 145, 158, 161, 210, 249, 255, 289, 346
Hellanicus, 36
Hellemans, Alexander, 343
Hellenist, 42
Herakleopolis, 53
Hermopolis, 53, 103
Herod, 16, 38, 187, 211
Herodotus, 252, 258–59, 271
Herrman, S., 360
Hertz, Joseph Herman, 121, 349
Hezekiah, 194, 285, 298
hieratic, 95, 125, 161, 163, 167, 297
hieroglyphs, 12, 46, 125, 128, 161, 167, 172, 252, 297, 325
High Priest, 36, 56, 80, 92, 98, 113, 130, 132, 135, 139, 170, 176, 178–79, 184, 191, 196, 207, 220, 226, 229, 231, 245, 263, 288
Hilkiah, 225
Hill, Rosalind, 359
Hindu, 43
Hiram, 312
Hittites, 73, 119
HM Norfolk Flax Establishment, 231
Hobab, 37
Hobah, 81
Holy of Holies, 57, 128, 175, 217
homosexuality, 243
Horace, 247
Hornung, Erik, 245, 364
Horites, 68
Horus, 36, 41, 47, 53, 55–56, 62–63, 216, 219
Hosea, 140, 277
Houston, Texas, 340
Hull, University of, 228
Humbert, P., 360
Hunzinger, Claus-Hunno, 332
Hurrians, 68, 72
Huya, 98–99, 172–74, 190, 332
Hyatt, Philip, 114–15, 348
Hyksos, 47–48, 59, 61, 73, 76, 134, 264, 339, 370 Hyrcarnus, King, 199, 200
Idelsohn, A. Z., 245–46, 359
Idumea, 338
Imam, 43
Inanna, 80
Indians, 333
Indo-Aryans, 68
inks, 235
Institute für Mittelenergiephysik, 4
Instructions of Amenemope, 251–53
Instructions of Ankhsheshonq, 254
Instructions of Ptah-hotep, 253
Ipu, 49, 51
Irak, 319
Iran, 69
iron, 26–27, 58
pyrites, 26
Isaac, 70, 74, 94–96, 104, 204, 209, 218, 305
Isaiah, 32, 72, 92, 140, 211, 246, 260
Book of, 3–4, 32, 69, 217, 241–42, 271, 285, 292, 331, 333–34
Ishmael, 337
Ishtar, 35, 264
Isis, 40, 55–58, 62, 146, 216, 251
Islam, 67, 108, 155, 219, 241–43, 279–80
Ismajlowicz, M., 350
Ismalia, 122
Israel, 16, 30, 32–34, 36, 39, 68–73, 92, 101, 135, 137, 140, 142–44, 156, 159–60, 174, 180, 194, 196, 204–5, 211, 218–19, 224–26, 229–30, 233, 237, 245, 248, 250–57, 259–60, 270, 295
Antiquities Authority, 8, 238
modern, 3, 16, 18–19, 66, 69, 208, 262, 268
Museum, 92, 145, 264, 331
possible treasure sites in, 185–87, 189–91
Six-Day War, 331
Stele, 71
War of Independence, 331
Israelites (Children of Israel), 16, 39, 42, 73–74, 102, 106, 121–25, 130–31, 138–39, 180, 194, 211, 213, 218, 222, 232, 237, 267, 269–71
Iuty, 301
Izumi, Shigechiyo, 343
Jacob, 2, 32–33, 64–70, 74–77, 81, 94–97, 99–100, 102–4, 106–7, 116, 121, 204, 209, 223–25, 226, 280, 283, 291, 293, 348
Jacobus, Helen, 283
Jahweh (Yahweh), 114–15, 286
Jannaes, 194
Jannes, 222
Jared, 311
jars, 174, 321
Jati, 115
Jebel Helal, 123
Jehoshua, 229
Jeremiah, 17–18, 32, 120, 140, 142, 153, 223, 254, 258, 287, 305
Jericho, 40, 157, 193, 196, 209
Jeroboam, 32, 140, 257, 270
Jerusalem, 1, 3, 11–12, 14, 17–19, 23, 38, 44, 57, 71, 81, 92, 106, 130, 134, 137, 140, 142–43, 148, 152, 157–58, 159, 193–94, 198–204, 206, 223–24, 230, 233, 251–52, 259, 262–63, 291, 267
Jesus Christ, 2, 8, 17, 22, 29–30, 32, 37, 163, 202–3, 210, 218, 227–28, 238, 245–46, 334, 336, 339
Jethro, 37, 338
jewellery, 13, 109, 123, 172, 174, 183, 197
Jews (Jewish), 36, 68, 88–89, 106, 110, 124, 131–2, 139–42, 152, 190, 193–94, 197, 204–7, 209–11, 222–23, 229, 231–33, 238, 240, 245, 249–53, 256, 261, 264, 268–69, 272
Conservative, 243
Liberal, 243
Orthodox, 37, 42, 153, 210, 243
Progressive, 42–43, 153, 243
Reform, 153, 243
Jochebed, 35, 41, 115
Johanan, son of Kareah, 336
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 298, 301–2
John the Baptist, 238, 303
Jones, Steve, 362
Jones, Vendyl, 18
Research Institute, 18
Jordan, 3, 14, 211
Amman, 12
Antiquities Department, 3, 12
Hashemite Kingdom of, 3
River, 105
Joseph, 32–33, 41, 45, 67, 72–76, 81, 94–108, 111, 113, 116, 136–37, 160, 166, 171, 176, 204, 263, 266, 275, 280, 283, 337, 346–48
and Pharaoh, 95–102, 105–7
Josephus, Flavius, 5, 8, 17, 38–39, 41, 114, 134, 194, 206, 208, 215, 238–39, 332, 336–37, 370
Joshua, 32, 40–41, 75–76, 123, 137, 180, 195, 215, 229, 348
Josiah, King, 140, 230, 261, 285, 287, 352
Jozada, Jeshua ben, 288
Jubilees, 213–14, 217, 227
Book of, 206–8, 212–17, 272, 288, 314
festivals, 213–14
Judaea, 1, 16, 24–25, 28–30, 68, 140, 142–43, 152, 163–64, 174, 206, 235–36, 234, 290, 295, 370
Judaean Desert, 1, 5, 211
Judah, 3, 94, 140–41, 180, 190, 207, 223, 257, 264
Judaism, 1, 5, 20, 30, 34, 39, 44, 58, 67, 70, 80, 90–91, 111, 142, 144, 153, 159, 205, 213, 215, 222, 224–25, 227, 237–38, 243, 246, 249–50, 253, 255, 257, 260–63, 265–71, 279, 334
Judges, 139
Jull, A. J. T., 331
Junker, H., 339
Ka, 55, 308
Kabbalah, 92, 213–14, 370
Kaddish, 319
Kadesh, 55, 119
Kampen, John, 293, 365
Kando, 293, 230–31
Karma, 55
Karnak, 59, 63, 65, 87, 107, 120, 135–36
karsch, 283
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 202, 337
Kaufman, Yehezkel, 43, 338
Kees, H., 339, 344
Kemp, Barry, 149, 236, 359
Kenan, 311
Keneally, Thomas, 349
Kenyon, Kathleen M., 135–36, 280, 346, 362, 366
Kessler, David, 362
Ketef Hinnom, 92
khaff, 175
Khepru (Cheperu), 116, 296
Khirbet-Qumran, 144, 157, 180
Khnum, 116, 262
Khons (Khonsu, Khunsu), 63, 86, 106
Kidron Valley, 157, 185, 194–95
Kings, Book of, 58, 209, 222–27, 230, 248, 294, 318
King, Stephen, 357
Kite, 28, 176
Kittim, 196
Kiya, 88
Klostermann, Georg, 148, 291
Knesset, 257
Knudtzon, J. A., 361
Kochlit, 167, 170
Kohath, Testament of, 4, 132, 167–68, 170, 213–14
Kohathites, 130, 350
Kohelet, 66
Konosso, 268
Korah, 131–32, 287
Koran, 55, 93, 105
Krauss, R., 290
Kuntillet Ajrud, 299–300
Kush (Cush), 37–38, 40, 268
KV55, tomb, 266, 353
Laban, 94–95
Lachish, 73
Lacoudre, N., 336
lamps, 109
lampstand (Menorah), 128–29, 220
Lancaster, University of, 263
Lange, Nicholas de, 43, 338
Laperrousaz, E. M., 332
lapis lazuli, 109
lappets, 62
lavers (baths), 176–77, 188, 220, 233
Lazarus, 245
lead, 235
galena, 303
Leah, 33, 93
Leather, 8, 234–35, 323
Lebanon, 229, 297
Leeds, University of, 121
Lefkovits, Judah, 18, 193, 283, 334, 363
Legrange, Joseph-Louis, 344
Lehman, Manfred, 17, 334–35
Leibnitz, 348
Leipzig, University of, 42, 249
Leontopolis, 348
Leslau, Wolf, 362
Levant, 297
Levi (Levites), 35, 130, 137, 139–41, 167, 208, 212–13, 271–72, 284, 286, 288, 291–93, 349
Leviticus, 36, 223, 225–56
Lewis, Agnes, 208–9
Lex Coloniae Genetivae Juliae, 23
Leyden Hymns, 55, 65
Libby, W. F., 236
Lichtheim, Miriam, 360
Lim, Timothy, 153
Linguistics, 282
Liverpool, 187
Museum, 187, 235
Loftie, W. J., 187
London, 167
University College, 43, 131, 296, 300
Lot, 81
Lotan, Jonathan, 162, 297, 349
Lotiform Chalice, 129
Louvre Museum, Paris, 129
Lublin, University of, 145
Lucas, Alfred, 358
Lucretius, 201, 231
Lüddeckens, Erich, 354
Luxor, 24, 63, 106, 119
Museum, 87, 168
Luz, Ulrich, 148, 291
Ma’ariv, 275
Maat, 105, 262, 347–48
Maccabees, 371
Machpelah, Cave of, 105
Mackenzie, Donald A., 345
Maclaurin, E., 265–66, 361
Magen, Itzhak, 8
magic, 60, 88, 91–92, 214
Mahalalel, 311
Mahu, 99
Maimonides, Moses, 208, 347
Malach el Aha, 146
malachite, 109
Malek, Jaromir, 354
Mamre, 81–82, 94–95, 105
Manasseh, 33, 97, 105
Manasseh, King, 270–71
Manchester, 13, 19
College of Science and Technology, 12, 44
Institute of Jewish Studies, 108
Museum, 29, 144, 283, 332–33
Sheffield Centre for Dead Sea Scrolls Research, 142, 303–4, 358
UMIST, 18, 333–34
University, 142, 283
Manetho, 36, 39, 41, 95, 113, 133, 136, 290, 346, 371
Manual of Discipline, 3, 211, 214, 238, 331
Margalit, Shlomo, 148–50, 291, 352, 364
Mari, 68, 77
Mar Saba Monastery, 1
Martin, G. T., 149, 338, 355
Martinez, Florentino Garcia, 165, 171, 178–80, 185, 187–93, 200, 333, 354–55, 358
Martyr, Justin, 36, 41, 337
Mary, mother of Jesus, 32, 53
Masada, 9, 209, 333–34
Maskil, 163
Masons. See Freemasons. Masoretic, 331
Matthew, 336
mattocks, 239
Matzoh, 70
Maxwell, Robert, 330
McCarter, Kyle, 18, 298, 334–36
Mebaqqer, 204
Mecca, 105
Medinet-el-Fayuim, 119
Medinet Habu, 24, 63
Mediterranean, the, 31, 109
Meggido, 73, 231, 247
Meketaten, 273
Melchizedek, King, 81–82
Memphis, 38, 53–56, 86, 105, 143, 181
Menelaus, 289, 352
Menelik, Prince, 270
Menn, Esther M., 365
Merari, 350
mercury, 235
Mereruka, 127
Merikare, King, 87, 347
Merneptah, 73, 98, 135–36
Meroe, 268
Meryra I, 99, 136, 172, 179–80, 183, 187–88, 195–96, 223, 227, 232
Meryra II, 99, 172
Mesopotamia, 33, 35–36, 42, 61, 67–69, 73–74, 80, 94, 115, 124, 278, 281
Messiahs, 8, 208, 222–23
kingly, 203–6, 227
priestly, 206, 227
Messianic Rule, 222
metallurgy, 20–21, 25
Methuselah, 74
Metrology, 20–21
Mettinger, T., 363
Metzger, Bruce, 42, 338
Meyer, Eduard, 133–34, 284, 290, 364
Micah, 140, 351–52
Midianite, 36–37, 41, 68, 95, 114, 138, 337, 350
Midrash, 34, 38, 108, 114, 215, 291–94
Migdol, 258
Mikvah, 238, 292, 324
Milik, Jozef, 13–14, 18, 44, 145–46, 169–70, 193, 236, 283–84, 332–33, 354, 358
Mina (h), 14–15, 28, 200
Miriam, 32, 34, 133
Mishna, 12, 37, 163, 333
Mitanni, 68, 73, 84, 264
Moabites, 351
Moabite Stone, 349
Modigliani, 218
Moeris, Lake, 101, 160
Mohammed edh-Dhib, 3, 330
Moller, G., 348
Moloch, 231
Monastery of the Cross, 257
Monotheism, 32, 34, 55–57, 60, 83, 89, 94, 103, 106, 110, 114, 116–17, 137–38, 142, 201–7, 215, 222, 246, 248, 252–54, 266–67, 269, 271, 315
Morenz, Siegfried, 42, 242, 248–49, 251–52, 285, 289, 337–38, 341–42, 346, 359–60
Moret, A., 342
Morgenstern, Julian, 363
Morkot, Robert, 365
Morteani, Giulio, 335
Mosaic, 216–18, 223, 257, 262
Moses, 2, 25, 32, 34–41, 45, 67–73, 82, 112, 116, 130–37, 139, 141, 144, 158, 161, 166, 192, 198–99, 204, 208–9, 212–18, 221–22, 225, 232, 234, 242, 245, 249, 258, 260, 267, 269, 280–81, 285–86, 291, 293, 337–38, 348–50
and the Exodus, 114–17, 119–24, 258–61
Prince of Egypt, 2, 34–35, 37, 40–41, 44, 55, 113–14, 120–21, 123, 135
Mount Gerizim, 16, 157–58, 189, 194–96
Mount Muntar, 1
Mount of Olives, 157
Mount Rushmore, 145
Mount Sinai, 43–44, 124–25, 208, 225, 258
Moussaieff, Shlomo, 299
Mozart, 71
mummy, 26, 120, 304
Murnane, W. H., 347
musical instruments, 240–42
Muslim, 43, 92, 201, 226, 233, 238, 272, 336
faith, 5, 34, 42, 91
Mut, 86, 106, 251
Nabatean, 215
Nablus, 198
Nahum, 142
Naphtali, 270
Naqada II, Pharaoh, 256
NASA, 309
NATO, 22
Navon Commission, 276
Nebuchadnezzar, 17, 162, 210–11, 258
Nebuzar-adan, 305
Nechoh, 231
Neferkhepure Waenre, 84
Nefer-Seshem-Ptah, 40
Nefertiti, 85, 88, 98, 174–75, 185, 187, 228, 290, 294, 299–300
Negev, 299
Nehemiah, 18, 39, 342
nemes, 62
Nephthys, 56, 62, 216
Neriah, 305
‘New Jerusalem’ Scroll, 145–50, 154, 261, 288, 291–92, 327
New Testament, 32, 39, 41, 51, 55, 92, 204, 218, 223, 244–46, 271
New Year (Rosh Hashanah), 323
New York, 248
University of, 227, 282, 302
Metropolitan Museum, 149
Nicholson, Paul, 336, 353–55, 358
Niehoff Maren, 346
Nile, River, 34, 41–42, 46–47, 62, 86, 100–103, 122, 142, 146–47, 160, 172, 184–85, 189, 193, 197, 216, 225, 250, 266, 275–76, 290, 297
Nilometer, 256
Nineveh, 200, 264
Nir-El, Yoram, 358
Noah, 220–22
Noph (Memphis), 258
Northover, Jeremy, 335
Noth, Martin, 337
Nubia, 26, 37, 60, 63, 268–78
Nubian, 38, 252
Numbers, 36, 37, 92, 131, 136, 139, 237, 287, 348
Nut, 53, 60
nuzi, 68, 77
Nyussera, King, 189
Obed-edom, 229
oil, 15, 18, 60, 355
Old Testament, 5, 20, 32, 35–39, 41–42, 44, 51–53, 55, 58, 65, 69–73, 79, 80–81, 93–94, 101, 103, 114, 121–22, 126, 127–28, 130–32, 136, 140, 161, 180, 196, 205–6, 213, 219, 225–26, 243–44, 257, 265, 267, 270–72, 286, 305, 320
On, City of, 97, 109–111, 114, 135, 165, 248, 253
On, son of Peleth, 131, 287
Onias III, 352
Onias IV, 32, 145, 284–85, 289–90, 348, 353
Oral Laws, 37, 227, 255, 260, 262, 266–70,
orthography, 12, 373
Osarsiph, 36, 134
Osireion, 341
Osiris, 36, 56–57, 62, 75, 87–88, 92, 216, 219, 245, 309–10
Osorkon II, 57
Otto, E., 337, 347, 354
Oxford University, 11, 301
Oxyrynchus (fish), 251
Palaeography, 12, 19, 373
Paleo-Hebrew See Hebrew, writing Palestine, 48, 68, 152, 209
Archaeological Museum, 8, 331–32
British Mandate of, 3
Panehesy, 98–99, 179, 231
papyrus, 8, 127, 234–35, 248, 323, 373
Ani, 210, 251, 338
Harris, 24–28,
Rhind Mathematical, 164
parchment, 8, 229
Paris, 145
Museum, 129, 259
Passover, 199, 216, 258–59, 263, 260, 267
Pathros, 258
Patriarchs, 32–33, 41, 65, 67–70, 72, 75, 81, 94–95, 115, 117, 201, 215, 217, 219
Paul, Epistle of, 251
Pavilions of Life, 129
Peet, Eric, 260, 361
Peleg, Yuval, 8
Pendlebury, J. D. S., 174–76, 354–55
Pentateuch, 37, 92, 231, 263, 267, 373
perfume, 13
Pericles, 249
Persia (Persians), 58, 70–71, 143–44, 210, 217, 259, 256, 262–63, 267, 271, 283, 373
Petosiris of Hermopolis, 347
Petra (Rekem), 211
Petrie W. M. Flinders, 90, 149, 189, 353, 355
Pfann, Stephen, 357
Pharisees, 153, 353
Philae, 309
Philistines, 40, 73, 270, 350
Philo, Judaeus, 5, 8, 36, 41, 107, 332, 336–37, 352, 373
Philochorus, 36
Phoenician, 12, 124, 246, 297
phoenix, 51
pi, 76, 312
Pinch, Geraldine, 342
pitchers. See jars. Pithom, 106, 119, 160
Pixner, Bargil, 193, 334
Plato, 249, 348
Plaut, W. Gunther, 349
Pliny the Elder, 5, 290, 336, 373
Ploeg, J. Van de, 353
Plutarch, 54, 246, 373
Polyhistor, Alexander, 36
polytheism, 104–5, 110, 113
Pope Gregory XIII, 311
Pope Pius XII, 44, 339
Popper-Linkeus, Josef, 35, 305
Porten, Bezalel, 258, 261, 353, 361–62
Posener, George, 358
Potiphar, 95–96, 337
Poti-phera, 97
Pouilly, J., 355
Powel, M., 353
Prebyterian, 44
Priests, 43, 91, 103, 114, 131, 135, 139–41, 143, 145, 153, 156, 158, 161, 207–8, 219, 221, 263, 265, 289, 317
Atenist, 107, 109–11, 114, 122, 130, 132, 202, 210, 249, 259, 261–62, 269–70
Jewish, 131–32
Prince of Cush, 38
Prince of Egypt See Moses Priscilla, Catacombs of, 53
Pritchard, J. B., 341–42, 348, 360
Protestant, 44
Proverbs, Book of, 242, 246–48
Psalms, 98, 121, 205–10, 239–45, 247–48, 270, 341, 356
Scroll, 243
Thanksgiving, 3–4, 331
pseudepigraphia, 4, 373
Ptah, 53–55, 87, 105
Ptah-hotep, 62, 247
Ptolemies, 352
Ptolemy II, Philadelphus, 134, 373
Puech, E., 300, 360, 365
Purim, 161, 217, 266, 274, 323
puttee, 98
Pyramid of Giza, 61, 149
Pyramid Texts, 51, 53–54, 56, 128, 219, 243
Qahat, Testimony of, 132, 288
Qarun, Lake, 101, 160
Qumran, 2–3, 5, 8–9, 12, 14, 17–18, 31, 132, 139, 141, 143, 145–46, 149–50, 152, 158–60, 180, 206, 212, 221, 226, 229–33, 243, 254–55, 265–66, 270, 283, 287, 290, 334
Community, 18, 153, 160, 174, 178, 188, 213, 216, 218–19, 323
Essenes, 1–2, 4–5, 8, 11–14, 16–19, 23–25, 28–31, 45, 55, 57, 108, 133, 142–43, 152–53, 155, 160–61, 163, 165, 167, 174, 177–80, 182, 188, 199–201, 206–8, 210–15, 217, 219, 221–24, 226–27, 229–30, 232–34, 237, 242–43, 263, 265–66, 283, 301–2, 323
links with Akhetaten, 140–49, 212–14
Ra. See Re. Rabbi, 43, 91
Rabbinic, 4, 63, 216
Rabin, Chaim, 108, 348
Rachel, 33, 93–94
radiocarbon dating. See carbon dating. Raguel, 37
Ra-Horakhty, 110
Ramses, City of, 106, 119, 122, 160
Ramses II, 25, 57, 103, 112, 115, 118–19, 153, 160, 349–50
Ramses III, 24–28, 63, 65, 134–35
Raspe, Lucia, 134, 350
Rawlinson, G., 360
Re, 51, 54–58, 62–63, 110, 309
Ready, W. Talbot, 187
Rebekah, 94
Redford, Donald B., 290, 346, 348
Red Sea, 109, 135
Reeves, Nicholas, 352, 363
Rehoboam, 257, 270
Reich, Ronny, 238, 359
Reif, Stefan, 209
resins, 15, 191–92, 355
resurrection, 239
Reuben, 95
Reuel, 37
Revelations, Book of, 146, 357
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, 165
rivetting, techniques of, 25, 27
Rockefeller, J. D., 335
Museum, 44, 145, 332, 335
Rogerson, John, 42, 338, 350, 361
Roitman, Adolpho, 357
Romans, 9, 16–18, 23–24, 37–39, 57, 147, 181, 189, 190, 207, 245, 250, 373
army, 203
Book of, 245–46
Rome, 18, 53, 143, 211, 241
Romer, John, 243, 342, 347, 359
Rosen, Jeremy, 365
Rowley, H. H., 355
Rule of the Community. See Manual of Discipline. Rundle Clark, R. T., 51, 337–39, 341–42, 346, 357
Russia, 331
Sabbah, Messod, 245, 296, 365
Sabbah, Roger, 245, 296, 365
sacrifice, 86–88, 130–32, 139, 175, 188, 194–95, 204, 221, 225, 227, 241, 248, 259, 265, 267, 271, 324
St. John, Revelation of, 246, 308
St. Luke, Gospel of, 245
St. Mark’s Monastery, 331
Archbishop of, 331
St. Peter, 246
St. Petersburg, 331
Salem, 81
Samaria, 16, 262
Samaritans, 198–200, 268, 287, 358
Samuel, the Prophet, 140, 226, 250
Samuel, M., 345
Sanballat, 198, 200, 262
Sanders, E. P., 153
Sanders, James, A., 248, 359
Saqqara, 40, 127, 184, 189, 300
Sarah (Sarai), 2, 32, 78–79, 81, 114, 312
Sargon, 35
Saul, King, 350
Schechter, Solomon, 208
Schiffman, Lawrence, 227, 282, 294, 333, 358, 362, 366
Schindler, Oscar, 118–19, 349
scorification, 2, 330
scriptorium, 8
scrolls, 13, 15, 24, 38, 197, 206
Seged Festival, 265, 267
Sekhmet, 309
Selassie, Haile, 271
Seleucid, 289
Selig, S., 350
Sellin, Ernst, 80, 345
Semites, 40, 79, 115
Semitic, 35, 66, 78, 94, 264
Sendrey, Alfred, 246, 337, 348, 359
Sephardi, 132
Septuagint, 249, 253, 272
Sergius, Metropolitan of Elam, 209
serpent. See snake. Seters, John van, 350
Seth, 36, 56, 62, 212, 219
Sethe, K. von, 317
Seti I, 107, 341
Setnakhte, 135–37, 263
Setna Story, 250
Seurat, 278, 362
Shabako, 341
Shakespeare, 71
Shaphan, son of Azliah, 225
Shaw, Ian, 336, 353–55, 358
Sheba, Queen of, 270
Shechem, 94, 198–99, 257
Sheffield, University of, 20, 42, 291
Sheikh Said, 172
Shekel, 15, 175
sherds, 229, 322
Shiloh, 140, 199, 286, 290
Shiyiah, 146
Sholer, David, 332
Shrine of the Book, 145, 257, 293, 300–301
Shu, 53, 55–56, 62
Siloam conduit, 193–94, 349
silver, 13–16, 21–22, 24, 28, 44, 81, 92, 95, 122–23, 128, 164, 172–74, 176–77, 180–202, 241, 260, 263, 334–35
bars, 15, 28, 172
vessels, 14, 177, 195
Simpson, William Kelly, 348
Sinai, 26, 122–23, 130, 139–43, 204, 211–13, 220, 230, 265, 286, 289
Mount, 42–43, 124–25, 212, 230, 258
Sirius, 343
Six-Day War, 331
Skehan, Patrick, 332
Skorecki, K., 350
Smart, Ninian, 363
smelting, 26
Smenkhkara, 106, 158, 172, 273, 349
Smith, M., 363
Smith, M. S., 363
Smolski, Roger, 344
snake, 52, 136, 215, 339–40, 348
Sodom, 81–82
Sokaris, 56
soldering, 25
Solomon, King, 16, 58, 65, 134, 137, 140, 146, 180–82, 195, 224–26, 252–54, 256–57, 260, 259, 265, 269, 276, 288, 294, 350
Solymites, 134
Songs of Deliverance, 120
Songs of the Harpers, 252
Spain, 205
spices, 109
Spielberg, Steven, 19, 349
Stahli, H. P., 363
Starcky, Jean, 332
Star Trek, 92
Stater, 15, 28
stela, 149, 197, 263
Israel Stela, 71
Stern, Ephraim, 356
Strabo, 153, 271
Strugnell, John, 332
Sudan, 268
Sukenik, E. L., 3, 331
Sumeria, 35–36, 39, 115,
Sumerians, 40, 278, 371
Sun, 46, 54, 88–89, 91, 109, 117, 135, 144, 149–50, 203, 216–18, 237, 241, 248–49, 340, 344
Susa, 129
Sutherland, C. H. V., 335
Swanson, Dwight D., 220, 357
Switzerland, 4
Sydney, University of, 265
Syene, 257–59
Syria, 33, 48, 55, 73, 94, 115, 146, 225, 264, 276, 298
Tabernacle, 65, 122–24, 128–30, 136–37, 139, 225, 286, 293
Tabick, Jacqueline, 345
Tahpanhes, 252
Tait, John, 170, 296, 300, 366
Talent, 14–15, 21, 28, 178, 302
Talmud, 34, 41, 122, 142, 374
Tana, Lake, 158, 161, 202, 205, 237, 253, 268–69, 278, 360
Tanis, 160
Taphne (Tahpanes), 258
Targum, 59
Targum Onkelos, 346
Taylor, Charles, 208
Taylor, Glenn, 363
Teacher of Righteousness, 143, 289
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 131
Tefnut, 53, 56, 62
Temple, 8, 56–57, 85, 91, 98, 103–4, 110, 120, 129–30, 135, 153, 155, 178–79, 191, 194–97, 219–20, 227, 231–32, 241, 250, 347
Edfu, 59
Elephantine, 110, 261–63, 264–66, 327
First, 5, 16, 18–19, 23, 81, 92, 103, 137, 139–40, 142–43, 153, 158, 161, 186, 190, 206–7, 210, 224–27, 246, 257, 260–61, 271, 288, 334, 353
Great, at Akhetaten, 86, 98, 108–9, 111, 122, 130, 136, 144, 147, 150, 156–58, 168–69, 172, 174–77, 179–82, 184–85, 187–88, 191–92, 194, 204, 223, 225–27, 238–41, 261, 266, 285, 290–93
Herodian, 39
Karnak, 61, 87, 119
Leontopolis, 285, 289, 319
Luxor, 105, 120
Second, 8, 16–19, 23, 39, 63, 88, 141–43, 153, 159, 186–87, 198, 204, 207, 219, 221, 225, 241, 247, 262, 267, 288, 334
Thebes, 63, 247
Temple Scroll, 3–4, 192, 215, 220, 218–23, 231–32, 288, 291–94, 331, 344
Ten Commandments, 16, 34, 56, 122–24, 216,
258, 260
Terah, 67, 221, 311
terebinth, 95
Texas, 19
textiles, 231
Thallus, 36
Tharbis, 38
Thebes, 24, 53, 59, 61, 73, 79, 86–88, 101, 106–7, 109, 119, 124, 127, 153, 158, 171, 248, 258, 273, 353
Themuthis, 38
Therapeutae, 144, 290, 352
Thompson, Thomas, 280, 362
Thoth, 55
Thummim, 140
Tigris, River, 42, 68, 278
Timna, 136
Timotheus, Patriarch of Seleucia, 209
Timothy, Book of, 246
tin, 23, 26
Tisithen, 137
tithes, 82, 111, 164, 175, 177–79, 185, 191–93, 197, 355
Titus, Arch of 18, 241
Tiyi, 98, 174, 183, 273, 332, 353
Torah, 34, 37, 39, 43, 55, 68, 121, 125, 139, 144, 165, 195, 208, 210, 216–17, 224, 244, 265, 272, 342, 374
Tusratta (Dusratta), 264, 296
Toronto, University of, 43, 114, 131
Treasury, at Akhetaten, 97, 106–7, 111, 135, 156–57, 176, 184–85
triad, 81, 341
trinity, 55, 246–47, 341
trumpets, 17, 241
Tübingen, 148
Turin Museum, 253
Turkey, 59
Tusratta, Prince, 258
Tutankhamun, 59, 106–7, 110, 127–30, 158, 234, 243, 273, 304, 350, 358
Tutmoses I, 39, 61
Tutmoses II, 113, 116
Tutmoses III, 41, 61, 73, 243, 256, 263
Tutmoses IV, 62
Tutu, 99
Two Brothers, Tale of, 96, 250, 346
Tyldesley, Joyce, 332, 363
Tyre, 344
Ugarit, 12, 124, 297, 333, 349
Ulrich, Eugene, 235, 356, 358
unguents, 13, 15, 60, 197
United Nations, 3
Ur (Chaldea), 33, 67, 77
uraeus, 62
Urim, 140
Uruk, King, 80
Userkaura Meryamun, 135
Valley of the Kings, 63, 119, 153, 273, 297
Vatke Wilhelm, 286
Vaux, Roland de, 3, 11, 14, 18, 44, 216, 236–38, 332–33, 353–56, 363
Vedic, 43, 55
Vermes, Geza, 132, 165–66, 178–79, 187, 195–96, 333, 250, 352, 354–56, 358
Vespasian, Emperor, 39, 332
Vestal, 35
Vidler, Mark, 152, 353
Vincent, A., 361
Vinci, Leonardo da, 71
Vizier, 33, 97, 99–101, 106–7, 136, 257
Volten, A., 346
Waburton, P. J., 350
Wacholder, Ben-Zion, 143, 220, 286, 288, 290–91, 357, 364
Wadi el-Hol, 297
Wadi Halfa, 268
Wall Street Journal, 331
War Scroll, 3, 5, 206, 331
Washington
Library of Congress, 306
Weigall, Arthur, 345
Weinreich, O., 360
Weiss, Charles, 338
Weitzman, President, 275
welding, 25
Wellhausen, Julius, 37, 44, 286, 337–39, 364
West Semitic Research Project, 297
Whybray, R. N., 250, 360
Wigoder, Geoffrey, 333–34
Wilford, John Noble, 365
Wilmot, David, 18, 334–35
Wilson’s Arch, 157
Winer, Mark, 283
Wisdom texts, 247, 250–53
Wise, Michael, 18, 132, 147, 163, 242, 334–35, 350, 353, 357–59
Wolters, Al, 18, 165, 169, 179, 333–35, 354–55
word, 339–40
Wright Baker, H., 12
X-ray fluorescence (XRF), 235
Yadin, Yigael, 3, 215, 293–94, 330, 357, 365
Yale University, 297
Yano-am, 135
Yaron, Reuven, 259–60, 262, 361
Yaweh (Yahwe). See also Jaweh; 259, 264, 270–71, 299
Yeats, W. B., 70
Yeb, 61, 109, 111, 114, 256
Yehudiah, Tell el-, 348,
Yemen, 270, 275, 314
Yemenite, 108, 246, 362
Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim, 337
Yurco, Frank, 135–36
Zadok, 140, 181, 193, 195–96, 209, 213, 228, 290–91
Zaphenath-paneah, 97, 99
Zealots, 333–34
Zechariah, 264, 341
Zeitlin, Irving, 42–43, 114, 242, 338, 343–45, 348, 359
Zephaniah, 142, 271
Zipporah, 37, 40, 337
Zoroastrians, 214
Zuckerman, Bruce, 297
Zurich, 4