¹ Homer, The Odyssey, Book II (‘The Kingdom of the Dead’), 520-4; 528-9, as translated by Robert Fagles (Bath: The Bath Press, 1996).

² Demosthenes, Speeches of Æschines against Ctesiphon and Demosthenes on the Crown, as translated by Henry Owgan (Dublin: William B. Kelley, 1852), p. 92.

³ Egyptian spell reproduced in A. G. McDowell, Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 118-20.

⁴ Hooman Majd, The Ayatollah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran (New York: Random House, 2008), p. 1.

⁵ Aristophanes, Clouds, 423BC, as translated by Ian Johnston, (Arlington, Virginia: Richer Resources Publications, 2008). 380; 830.