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Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
A-7 Corsair II fighter-bombers, 17, 24, 64–65, 67, 68, 88, 89, 96, 122, 128, 130, 153
Air Florida Flight 90 crash (1982), 173–74
airline industry, 59, 60, 173–74, 198–99, 243–46, 257, 262–63, 309–10, 347–49, 362–64
airphones, 49–50, 78
air traffic controllers, 16–17, 21–24, 64–74, 88–90, 95–96, 98–99, 114, 190–91, 220–24
Alert Three, 22–23, 114, 115, 140
Alert Two, 22, 139–40
Allen, Bill, 59–60
Allen, Jim, 150–52, 153, 204
Allen, Peter, 27, 31, 324, 361
alpha, 286, 333, 337–38, 347, 363
alpha defects, see nitrogen-stablized hard alpha inclusion
Alta, Iowa, 232–33, 275
aluminum, 158, 159, 161, 286, 288, 333
Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA), 161, 184–85, 282
American Airlines Flight 191 crash (1979), 174
American Airlines Flight 587 crash (2001), 362
AMKUS rescue cutters (jaws of life), 151, 241
ammonium bifluoride etching, 287
Anderson, Gary, 140, 141, 143–45
argon, 87, 158
Armentrout, Terry, 17–18, 72, 73
Asay, Elaine J., 54, 253
Associated Press, 149
asymmetric thrust, 10, 32, 33
atomic spacing, 332–33
Atwell, Lydia, 129
autopsies, 235–42, 252–53
Ayers, Ellen, 207–12; see also emergency room
A-Zone (first class), 14, 15–16, 26, 31, 100–101, 134, 135, 150, 151, 193, 200–201, 209
Babbitt, J. Randolph, 310
Bachman, Kevin, 17–21, 23, 24, 35, 64, 65–70, 71, 88–90, 95, 98, 116–17, 190–91, 221, 223, 224
Badis, Aaron, 175, 271–74, 284, 288, 289, 290, 356
Badis, Adrienne, 271, 289, 290
Badis, Ellen, 175, 271–74, 284, 285, 288–90, 291, 355–56
Badis, Eric, 271, 272, 289, 290
Baier, Drew, 241
Bailey, Brandon, 119, 144, 201, 211
Bailey, Frances, 119, 144, 211
Bailey, Spencer, 119, 144–45, 211–12
ballistics, 233–34, 278, 292–94, 297
barometric pressure, 18
Bat (call sign), 24n, 66, 89
Bates, John, 16–17, 21–24, 69, 70, 71, 88, 95–96, 98–99, 114, 223–24
Bauerly, Brian, 152
Bayless, Sharon, 175, 273
Bell UH-1 Iroquois (Huey) helicopters, 280, 281, 293
Bendixen, Romaine “Ben,” 24, 25, 71, 127–29, 130, 131, 132, 151, 152, 153, 154, 204
Benham, Bruce, 118, 156, 167, 283–84, 285, 288, 349, 353, 354, 356
Bennett, Thomas, 120, 235, 236, 255, 267
Bennington, USS, 323
Benzon, Robert, 33, 73, 127, 171, 172, 173–74, 215, 217, 238, 256, 257, 259
as investigator in charge, 362
Berger, Kenneth, 268, 351
Berkemier, J. Kenneth, 270
beta defects, 286
Bible, 14, 36, 77, 351, 357
billets, 160–61, 184–87, 338
Biman Airlines, 366
Blaha, Lena Ann, 43, 97, 240
body bags, 240, 250, 267–70
body tags, 236–37, 240
Boeing 367–80 (Dash 80) prototype, 59–60
Boeing 707, 59–60
Boeing 727, 60, 222, 261, 335
Boeing 747, 12–13, 73, 143, 206–7, 243, 247
Boeing 767, 347
Boese, Robert, 164, 168
Bohn, James Matthew, 43, 97, 240
Bosscher, Charles Kenneth, 41
Boxum, Dave, 25, 141, 149
Brantley, Jeff, 339
Brate, Floyd, 325–26, 327, 329
Briar Cliff College, 168–71, 219–20, 258, 290, 315–16, 338–39, 349, 356, 357
Bridges, Jeff, 189
Brines, Jaime, 252
Brizendine, John C., 199
Brown, Gary, 23–24, 25, 70–71, 88, 114–16, 121–24, 131, 149, 150, 153–54, 172–73, 183, 215, 216, 239, 241, 250, 350, 351–52, 360–64, 380n
Brown, Jan, 5, 10–16, 27, 28, 31, 40–50, 62, 74, 77, 78, 97, 109–13, 132–36, 162, 177–78, 193, 202–5, 209, 212–14, 240, 258, 260, 285, 301–2, 308–9, 324, 346, 359, 361–62
Brown, Janice Long, 42–43, 77, 212–14, 260, 309
Brown, Kimberly Allison, 42–43, 77, 213–14, 309
Brownstein, Yisroel, 47, 54, 78, 83, 96, 107, 108–9, 198, 233, 240, 246–47, 256, 298, 307
Buena Vista County, Iowa, 187, 279, 292, 311–13, 315
Burgess, Charles, 200
Burnett, Jim, 173–74, 175, 215, 348
Burnham, Paul, 31
burn injuries, 31, 94, 101, 103, 133–34, 181, 189, 192, 201–2, 208, 210, 213, 219–20, 241, 267, 268, 269, 270–71, 290–91, 306, 331–32, 334, 359
bus ties, 29
Buxom, Bob, 384n
B-Zone (forward coach cabin), 12, 13, 14, 31, 44, 53, 63, 112, 134, 156, 177–78, 272, 330
Callender, Dan, 344
Calvinism, 341–42
carbon monoxide, 268; see also smoke inhalation
Caroline, The, 5
Carpathia, 390n
CASA C-212 Aviocar aircraft, 294–95
Case, James L., 210
caskets, see coffins
CAT scans, 287
cause of crash, see November 1819 Uniform
Cell 9, 395n
Cell 10, 294, 313, 315
centrifugal force, 56, 319–20, 333
ceramics, 87, 320, 333
Chapman, Dennis, 240
Cherolis, Nicholas Edward, 125–26, 317–22, 326–29, 336–38
Chicago Cubs, 6, 46–47, 69, 78, 105–6, 298, 339, 341
child restraint seats (CRS), lack of, 10–11, 40, 77, 309–10
Chimura, Gene, 97
chlorine, 87, 158
Christianson, Pam, 195
chromium, 305
Churchman, Duane, 289
Cincinnati Lunken Airport, 172
circuit breaker, 62
Clapper, Gregory S., 1–2, 70, 101–3, 116–17, 128, 129, 131–32, 140–41, 151, 156, 204–5, 206, 224–26, 280, 302, 341–45, 350–52, 359
Clapper, Jenna, 1–2, 101, 225
Clapper, Jody, 1–2, 101, 225
Clapper, Laura, 1–2, 101, 225
Clark, Jerome, 312, 313, 315, 395n
Clark, John C., 232–33, 258, 275–79, 287, 292–96, 313
cockpit (or crew) resource management (CRM), 243, 246
cockpit voice recorder, 15, 37, 132, 173, 216, 377, 378, 380
coffins, 41, 235–36, 265–66, 269, 270–71
Collins, Dick, 269–70
Collins, Patricia, 267–70
combustion chambers, 55, 56, 57, 85, 125–26
compressors, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 85, 88, 125–27, 257, 313, 347
compressor stall, 59
Conant, Martha, 3–7, 43, 46, 49–50, 78, 79–80, 82–84, 104, 106, 216, 222, 247, 249, 256, 297–301, 306, 335, 341, 364
Conant, Patrick, 6, 300, 301
Conant, Rich, 6, 301
Conant, Rob, 6, 301
Convair, 199
Cook County Circuit Court, 262
Cookson, David, 282, 328, 337
Cooper, Donald, 160
Cooper, Harold, 182
Corboy, Philip H., 262
Couleur, Linda Ellen, 40
crack, see fan disk MPO-00385
Crain, Babette, 218–19
Crain, Bryson, 157
Crain, Margo, 14, 118, 121, 155–57, 162, 163, 166, 179–82, 194–95, 217–20, 271, 308, 349–54, 356
Crain, Molly, 157
Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik, 85
“Crowd Killers,” 174, 216, 258
Curtis, Randy, 207, 215
C-Zone (aft coach cabin), 13, 44, 54, 81, 156, 164, 272, 323, 330
Dandurand, Don, 216–17
Dawson, Andre, 339
deadheading crew, 7–8, 27–28, 48, 209
Deck, Cathie, 119
decompression, 243, 256
defect (the pit) in MPO-00385, 318–22
DeJong, Marliss, 121–22, 234–35, 236, 237, 238, 239–40, 250, 266
del Castillo, Georgeann, 195, 196, 203, 315–16, 324
dental records, 237, 238, 242, 254–55, 268
destructive testing, 314
Dieber, Sheryl, 119
diffraction angle, 333
diffractometers, 332–33
Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT), 239–40
disaster plans, 115–16, 129–30
Disaster Portable Morgue Units (DPMUs), 239
ditching maneuver, 22, 31, 33, 43, 362
Dobson, Arret, 208
Dobson, Emory, 208
Dobson, Gerald Harlon “Gerry,” 26–27, 31, 100, 208, 281, 324, 392n
Dobson, Joann, 26–27, 31, 100, 208, 324, 392n
Dobson, Terry, 17, 88
Donovan, Gerald, 143
Doughty, Rob, 173, 244–46
Douglas Aircraft Co., 186, 199–201; see also McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Co.
dovetail slots, see fan disks
Downs, Mike, 38
drop test, see fan disks
Dvorak, Dudley Joseph, 4–11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 27–39, 45–54, 60–69, 79, 81, 85, 93, 94, 115, 132, 151–53, 157, 162, 187, 199, 204, 206, 233, 361, 380n
Eastern Airlines Flight 935 (1981), 231
Eddy, Chuck, 95, 234, 292, 311, 312
eddy current inspections, 348
Egypt Air, 347
electron beam hearth melting, 338
electron microscopes, 287–88, 296–97, 317–22, 325–27, 332–33
elevators (on N1819U), 18, 19, 21, 32, 45–46, 54, 62, 68
Eley, Vincenta, 44, 111, 177–78
Eley, Wilbur, 44, 177–78
Ellis, Claudia, 252
embalming, 239, 267–71
emergency exits, 42, 47, 49, 54, 78, 79, 80, 103, 111–12, 163, 248
emergency room, 207–12; see also Ayers, Ellen
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), 287, 329, 332–33
engines, airplane:
centrifugal force in, 56, 319–20, 333
combustion chamber in, 55, 56, 57, 85, 125–26
compression of air in, 56–58
compressors for, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 85, 88, 125–27, 257, 313, 347
design of, 57–58, 60, 61–62, 125–27
diffuser of, 126
dovetail slots in, 56, 321–22
driveshafts in, 56, 58, 59, 231–33, 296
energy produced by, 55–56, 57, 126–27
exhaust of, 56, 58–59, 126–27
failure of, 61–62, 85–88, 125–27, 264, 314–22
fan blades of, 55–59, 88, 126–27, 159, 161, 229–30, 233, 261, 313–14
fan containment rings for, 229–30, 256–57, 296, 313
fan disks in, 56, 56, 125, 127, 159, 161, 184–87, 229–33, 256, 259, 263–64, 275–86, 292–97, 304–5, 311–29, 336–38, 347–48, 363
fuel burner holes in, 125–27
fuel nozzles of, 125
heat generated by, 58
illustration of, 56
inspections of, 186, 326–29, 337–39, 347, 348, 396n
maintenance of, 61–62, 262, 348–49; see also fluorescent penetrant inspection, ultrasound inspections
manufacture of, 55–60, 158–61, 184–87
metal fatigue in, 230, 313–21, 325–29, 332–33, 336–38, 346–49
pressure in, 56, 58
serial numbers of, 61, 161, 185–86, 232–33
spare parts for, 61–62
stationary fins (stator vanes) of, 57
stresses on, 85–88, 94, 317–22
temperature in, 56
testing of, 57–58, 87–88, 125–27
thrust produced by, 55–56, 57, 126–27
titanium in, 85–88, 125, 157–61, 184–87, 230, 257, 259, 264–65, 275, 278, 282–88, 293, 305, 314–33, 338, 346–49, 363
turbine wheels in, 55, 56, 58–59, 88, 126–27, 347
turbulence in, 59, 186
vortex patterns in, 125–26
Epperson, Joe, 305, 318
Erickson, Mick, 315
FAA Command Center, 72–74
Fageol, Mark, 140, 149, 366
failure analysis, 125–27, 264, 314–22
fan blades, 55–59, 88, 126–27, 159, 161, 229–30, 233, 261, 313–14
fan containment rings, 229–30, 256–57, 296, 313
fan disk MPO-00385, 161, 185–86, 232–33, 256, 263, 275, 281–88, 292–97, 304–5, 311–12, 315–18, 336–38, 348, 396n
cracking of, 317–22
defective, 263
final testing of, 325–29, 348, 396n
found, 312, 315; see also Clark, John C.; Halverson, Harold; Sorenson, Dale; and Sorenson, Janice
growth of crack in, 336–38
missing from engine number 2, 329–34, 256
“nitrogen stabilized hard alpha inclusion” found, 332–33
progressive fatigue area in, 317–322
search for, 275–82, 292–97, 311–15; see also Clark, John C.
search of records for, 282–83, 285–88
sister disks, 187, 285, 287, 329
striations and, 336–38
fan disks, 56, 56, 125, 159, 161, 259, 275–83, 285–88, 347–48, 363
dovetail slots, 56, 321–22
drop test of, 293
life limit, 127
manufacture of, 182–87
fatigue crack, see fan disk MPO-00385 and metal fatigue
Fearless, 189
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 17–18, 127, 146, 172, 174, 191, 195, 221, 228, 257–58, 281, 289, 304, 309–10, 313, 316, 346, 362–63
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 154, 225, 254, 266
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 116, 121–22
Feeney, Tony, 42, 54, 175, 187–90, 250, 307
Feyh, Brenda Ann, 97
Feyh, Jason, 97
financial compensation, 262–63, 340–41, 355
fingerprints, 122, 237, 254, 265, 266, 268–69
Finzen, Greg, 123
fire fighters, 88–90, 115–18, 136, 141, 146, 147, 150–51, 224–25
Fitch, Dennis Edward, 27–35, 37, 39, 44, 46, 51–52, 62–68, 80–81, 90–98, 152, 353, 361
Fitch, Rosa, 51, 95
Flamingo Motel, 74, 217
flaps and slats, 9, 34–35, 229
flaws and impurities, 87–88, 158–61, 184–87, 200, 286, 333
flight attendants, 16, 26–28, 40–42, 48–49, 69, 74–79, 81, 101, 103, 108, 110–13, 135, 155–56, 157, 193, 195, 202–4, 209, 212–14, 272–73, 316, 324, 340
flight controls, 10, 21, 29–30, 32, 62, 94–95, 234
flight data recorder, 21, 132, 173–74, 216–17, 278, 380, 382
fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI), 186, 326–29, 337–39, 347, 348, 396n
Follensbee, Robert, 346
forensic dentistry, see United Airlines Flight 232 crash (1989)
forensic pathology, see United Airlines Flight 232 crash (1989)
forges, 161, 184–85, 282–83
fractography, 319–20
Frank, Norm, 130
fuel, dumping, 7, 46
Gabbe, Elenore E., 97
Gannet, Jim, 59
Garcia, Marilyn Fay, 91
gas chromatograph mass spectroscopy, 327
GE Aircraft Engines (GEAE), 236–37, 348; see also General Electric
GE Airline Service Department, 326
GE Go Team, 125, 159, 160, 172, 184–87, 222, 227–28, 257, 262–63, 281–83, 292, 294, 296
GE Materials and Process Technology Lab, 285–86
GE Model CF6–6 engine, 55–62, 85–88, 125–27, 161, 172, 184–87, 256, 318, 326–27, 347, 348–49
GE Model CF6–50C2 engine, 347
GE Model CF6–80C2 engine, 61–62, 347
General Dynamics, 199
General Electric (GE), 55–62, 87–88, 120, 125, 159, 160, 172, 184–87, 222, 227–28, 257, 262–63, 281–83, 292–96, 312, 313–20, 326, 336, 346–49, 362, 395
record keeping at, 282–83
Gillaspie, Barbara, 16, 27, 42
Glynn, Christopher, 87–88, 232, 294, 296–97, 303
Gochenour, Sam, 191–93, 195, 196–97, 217, 289
Gomez, John A., 156
Gomez, Leah, 156
Gomez, Paul, 156
Gomez, Ruth E., 156, 290
Grace, Mark, 339
Grace United Methodist Church, 351
Graham Aviation, 120, 142, 172–73, 212, 335
Grassley, Chuck, 121
Grassy Knoll, 145–46, 147, 180–81, 191, 194–96, 203, 217, 353–54
Greco, David, 23
Gregor, William, 86
Griffin, Brad, 16, 31, 52–53, 62, 63, 100–101, 103, 133–34, 188, 264, 324, 359–60
Grisly Hunter program, 294–95
ground control, 21, 191, 220–24; see also Mleynek, Dale
Grumman Gulfstream Turboprop aircraft, 172, 173, 174–75, 215, 223, 335
Gunston, Bill, 126
Guyette, James M., 244–45
Hager, Bob, 304
Halverson, Harold, 315, 317; see also fan disk MPO-00385
Hamilton, Bob, 114, 118, 236
Hammaker, Atlee, 339
Hangar 252, 122–23, 137–38, 235, 237, 238, 242, 251–55
hard alpha (defects), see nitrogen-stabilized hard alpha inclusion
Hardman, Christine, 161–62
Hardman, Fred, 161, 162
Hardman, Ryan, 54, 161, 162
Hardman, Sheli, 54, 161, 162, 164
Hardman, Terri, 54, 161–63, 165, 169, 356–57
Harrington, Lawrence, 24n, 122, 123, 136–38, 235, 250, 259, 293, 301, 302–3
Hartter, Lynn, 144–45, 211
Hatch, John, 6–7, 46, 47, 78, 79, 83, 216, 222, 256, 297, 298–99, 306
Hatch, Sandra, 7
Hathaway, James, 23, 89, 117, 131, 360
Hayes, Helen Young, 31, 111–12, 132, 133, 134, 156, 192, 201
Haynes, Alfred Clair, 7–24, 29, 30, 31–39, 44–46, 51, 62, 63–70, 76, 80, 88–95, 111–12, 132, 133, 134, 156, 192, 201
heat K8283, 160–61, 184–87, 285; see also ingot
helium, 87, 158
Hemsworth, Martin, 127
Henderson, Nev., 158–60, 282–83, 333
Henry, Jason, 250, 252, 253, 265, 267, 268
Hensel, Rod, 223
Herbek, Gene, 119–23, 137, 234, 235, 236, 238, 241, 253, 255, 267
hexagonal crystals, 286
Hicks, Bob, 341
high-cycle cracks, 336
Hilldrup, Frank, 215–16, 303
Hjermstad, Alisa, 54, 164, 165, 169, 170, 219, 285
Hjermstad, Eric, 54, 165, 169, 170, 219, 285
Hjermstad, Lawrence, 54, 165, 169
Hoppe, Bill, 22, 23
horizontal stabilizer, 21, 45–46, 54, 233, 380n
hospitals, 23, 31, 75, 115, 119–20, 130, 142, 153, 167, 169, 174, 188, 189, 196, 207–14, 219, 250, 258, 260, 289, 290–91, 298, 306, 338–39, 359
Hunter, Matthew Arnold, 86
Hutton, Dave, 89
hydraulics, 10, 15, 19, 21, 27–30, 32, 33, 37–39, 62–63, 72–73, 85–86, 94–95, 231, 234, 256–64, 296, 303–6, 311, 318, 325, 349
immersion ultrasonic testing, 185–86
impact, see United Airlines Flight 232 crash
inclusions, see nitrogen-stabilized hard alpha inclusion
indications, 285–86
infants, 13, 53, 77, 111, 136, 175–82, 241, 309–10; see also children
infrared photography, 279–80
ingots, 160; see also heat K8283
inspections, engine, 186, 326–29, 337–39, 347, 348, 396n; see also engines, airplane
intermetallic compounds, 87
International Phonetic Alphabet, 16n
investigator in charge, 73, 95, 213, 258, 368; see also Robert MacIntosh
Iowa Air National Guard, 1, 17, 21–25, 70, 71, 88, 101, 109, 114, 115, 122–23, 128–29, 130, 143–46, 151, 156, 183, 195, 196, 201, 204, 206, 217, 222–28, 234–42, 249, 250, 275, 279–80, 289, 301, 306
Iowa Department of Criminal Investigation (DCI), 120, 224, 236, 238, 240, 251–52, 267, 364
Iowa Department of Public Safety (DPS), 120
Iowa Public Service Co., 279, 301, 350
Japan, 73, 169–70
Japan Airlines, 73
Jeffrey, Evan, 13
Jet Engine Titanium Quality Committee, 363
JFK International Airport, 231, 243
Johnson, Bob, 129
Johnston, Alvin M. “Tex,” 59–60
Kaplan, Dave, 150, 153, 154, 204, 216–17, 241, 360, 361, 362
Karpinski, Mary Viannea, 53–54, 109, 121, 166–67, 176, 180, 182–83
Kennedy, Jerry Lee, 7–8, 62
Kennedy, John F., 5
Kielbassa, Michael, 52, 188
Kingsbury, Connie Marie, 252–53
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich, 86
Klein, Brad, 189
Koglin, Craig, 193, 194
Kroll process, 158
KTIV, 25, 141, 149
Larson, Roland Stig, 91
Law, Vance, 339
lawsuits, 77, 262–65
Lawton, Iowa, 115
Le Beau, Rene Louise, 12, 16, 26, 27, 42, 63, 100, 203, 324, 360
Le Fort osteotomy, 254–55, 366
Levy, Laura, 215, 238, 276–77, 280–81, 303
Lindblade, George, 116, 360, 361
linear reference system, 238; see also body tags
Lockheed L-1011 (TriStar), 231, 257, 264
Logemann, Jerry, 117–18, 147
Lopatkiewicz, Ted, 74, 174, 175, 215, 304
low-cycle cracks, 336
Lullman, Steve, 292
MacIntosh, Robert, 72–74, 95, 171–72, 174, 213, 215–17, 227, 230, 234, 238, 256–59, 275, 283, 303, 304, 327–28
Mack, Hansen, Gadd, Armstrong, and Schiller, 292
Mackin, Bill, 193
macroetch process, 186
magnesium chloride, 158
Marian Air Care (MAC) helicopter, 23, 99
Marian Center at Trinity Heights, 182–83
Marian Health Center, 23, 99, 119, 142, 209
Marsh, Lauren, 97
Marshall, Clif, 54, 118, 121, 163–68, 285, 357, 360
Martinez, Cinnamon Angelina, 69, 97, 204, 316
Martz, Charles, 54, 117, 175, 190, 222, 323–25, 329–32, 334–35
Martz, Gail, 325
Martz, Janie, 324, 325, 335
Massey, Brian, 250, 255
Massey, Kathy Hoeschen, 142
McBroom, Malburn A. “Buddy,” 243–44
McCann, Pat, 31
McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Co., 186, 199–201, see also Douglas Aircraft Co.
McDonnell Douglas DC-8, 243, 347
McDonnell Douglas DC-9, 200
McDonnell Douglas DC-10,
amount of wire in, 151
certification of, 257
engines chosen for, 61
factory for, 198–201
fan disk MPO-00385 first installed on one, 186
flight manual for, 38
hydraulics and, 55
kitchen, “The Pit,” 10–12
last flight of, 366
money lost on, 60
number of hydraulic systems on, 231
United Airlines Flight 232 identified as, 7
worst death toll in U.S. aviation history, 174
McDonnell Douglas RF-4 Phantom , 279–80
McDonnell Douglas Super 80, 200
McDowell, Rick, 76
McGrady, Donna, 42, 43, 47, 78–79, 107–8, 201–3, 248
McKay, Jim, 4
McKelvey, Debbie, 63
McKelvey, Devon, 63
McKelvey, Ryan, 63
McNulty, Annabelle Lee, 77
McNulty, William Phillip, III, 77
meditation, 53, 100, 133–34
Melhaff, Arthur, 396n
Mellowdent Hybrids, 95, 292
metal fatigue, 230, 313–21, 325–29, 332–33, 336–38, 346–49; see also fan disk MPO-00385
metallurgy, 87–88, 184–85, 234, 285–86, 313, 317–29, 332–33, 336–38, 346–47; see also fan disk MPO-00385
MGM Grand Hotel fire (1980), 235
Michaelson, Andrew, 181
Michaelson, Douglas, 181
Michaelson, Lori, 181, 202
Michaelson, Mark, 181
Michaelson, Sabrina Lee, 181, 182, 202, 217, 353–54, 364–65, 398n
Miles Inn, 149–50
Milford, David, 50, 107–8
Milford, Jerry, 50, 107–8
Milford, Kari, 49–50, 107, 108, 299
Milford, Tom, 50, 107, 108
Miller, Ivan, 329, 396n
Miller, Leo, 224
Minneapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center, 8, 16–17, 18, 20, 72, 278
Mixon, Forrest, 79, 97
Mixon, Sandra, 79, 97
Mleynek, Dale, 21, 23–25, 66, 88, 89, 96, 191, 192; see also ground control
Mobley, Dustin, 175
Mobley, Marci, 175
Mobley, Rusty, 175, 356
Moehring, John, 232, 259, 282, 283, 285, 293, 313, 337
momentum, 277, 297
Monserrate, Robert, 240, 252, 269, 270
Montgomery, Monty, 277–79, 293, 297
Moran, Terry, 182–83
Morningside College, 124, 235
Morris, Errol, 51
Mount Ogura, 73
Muncey, Amber, 75
Muncey, Audra, 75
Muncey, Cynthia Louise, 74–76, 179, 205, 290, 316
Muncey, Kayce, 75
Muncey, Pam, 75–76
Murphy, Daniel, 227
Murray, Don, 250
Murray, Virginia Jane “Jan,” 16, 26–28, 42, 44, 52, 111, 112, 162, 193–96, 202–3, 212, 213, 259–62, 305, 324, 361
Muto, Aki, 14, 54, 121, 166, 167, 168–70, 219, 284, 285, 356, 357, 360
Myers, Cynthia, 268
National Disaster Medical System, U.S., 239
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 18, 33, 38, 72–74, 87, 95, 127, 154, 158, 171–75, 213–16, 222, 223, 227–34, 228, 244–46, 257–64, 275–85, 292–96, 301–5, 310, 313, 316–22, 327–28, 335, 337, 345–48, 362, 379n, 392n
Bureau of Accident Investigation, 72
Bureau of Technology, 275
cockpit voice recorder group, see cockpit voice recorder
Engineering Services Division, 277
engine investigation group, 227–34
Go Team, 73–74, 171–75, 213–16, 223, 227–34
metallurgy group, 305–13
Office of Aviation Safety, 18
structures group, 215, 303
systems group, 259, 303
Navy Fighter Squadron 13, 323
Neubacher, Luella, 54, 323, 324, 330, 331, 332
niccolite, 85
nickel superalloys, 85, 125, 304
Niehus, Larry, 93, 117–19, 147, 334
Nielsen, Dennis, 24, 144–45, 211–12
nitric acid, 87, 287
nitric hydrofluoric acid, 363
nitrogen, 86, 87, 160, 161, 287, 329, 333
nitrogen-stabilized hard alpha inclusion, 333, 337–38, 347, 363
Northwest Airlines Flight 98, 366
Norton, Tim, 191–93, 195, 196
November 1819 Uniform (the aircraft operating as United Airlines Flight 232):
A-Zone (first class) in, 14, 15–16, 26, 31, 100–101, 134, 135, 150, 151, 193, 200–201, 209
bathrooms on, 6, 15, 49, 103, 106, 111, 178, 193, 216, 231
B-Zone (forward coach cabin) in, 12, 13, 14, 31, 44, 53, 63, 112, 134, 156, 177–78, 272, 330
cause of crash of, 263–64, 348
crash of, see United Airlines Flight 232 crash (1989)
C-Zone (aft coach cabin) in, 13, 44, 54, 81, 156, 164, 272, 323, 330
engines of, 13, 55–62; see also engines
escape through luggage bay of, 164–65
escape through passenger window, see Allen, Peter
evacuation slides of, 70, 80, 114
exit doors of, 11, 113, 133, 192
fire extinguishers on, 179n, 332
jump seats on, 6, 11, 106, 132, 193, 204, 209, 308
landing gear, 63–64, 65, 80–81, 97, 216, 240, 330
maintenance of, 61–62
overhead bins of, 112–13, 164, 194
oxygen masks for, 164, 179n
throttle quadrant of, 215
thrust reversers of, 229
U.S. mail carried by, 227
Olivier, Paul, 4–5, 188
Olson, Cal, 139, 140, 148, 150
Olson, Glenn, 139–40
Olympic, 200
O’Mara, Heather Rose, 253
155th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, U.S., 280
185th Tactical Fighter Group, U.S., 1, 24n, 127–28, 301
O’Neil, Roger, 38
orders of protection, 262–63
Orito, Reynaldo, 187, 190
orthopedic clippers, 254
Osenberg, Bruce, 14, 35–36, 37, 77, 357
Osenberg, Dina, 14, 35–36, 37, 77, 357, 358–59
Osenberg, Ruth Anne, 14, 35–36, 37, 77, 357, 358
Owens, Tim, 42, 43, 49, 81, 82, 97, 203, 346
Owings, Charles, 21, 24, 88, 99
Palmer, Ward, 129–30
Patel, Jasumati J., 48, 237n
pathology, 120–24, 137–38, 225–26, 234–42, 250–55, 265–71
Pearlstein, Ruth, 63, 219
Persinger, Kyle, 50
Phillips, Gregory, 259, 303
phosphorous compounds, 327–28
photons, 287–88
phugoid oscillation, 50–51
Pierce, Larry, 235
Pierce, Linda, 53, 175
pit (in fan disk MP0-00385), 314–22
Plambeck, Scott, 384n
Poole, Marcia, 139, 140–41, 146–47, 188
Porter, Ed, 140, 142–43, 145, 304
Postle, Tom, 14, 36, 37, 77, 357
postmortem procedures, 120–24, 128, 137–38, 234–55, 265–71
power law diagram, 337
Prato, Rose Marie Coletta, 26–27, 208
Prato, William Edward, 26–27, 208
Pridemore, Doug, 317, 329, 336–38, 396n
Priest, Garry, 53, 118, 156, 167, 175, 201, 218, 219, 283–85, 290, 349–50, 349–53, 352–53, 354, 356
Queen Elizabeth, 200
Quinlan, John, 140
radar, 17, 20, 24, 64, 276, 278, 294–95, 392
radar track, 33
ramps, 24n, 25
Ramsdell, Jay, 41, 42, 54, 156, 175, 188, 190, 202, 290–91, 329–30
Randa, Dave, 6, 7, 46–47, 51–52, 77–78, 79, 81, 83, 90–93, 104–6, 198, 216, 240, 249, 256, 297, 298, 338–41
Randa, Jim, 47, 339
Randa, Susan, 6, 46–47, 50, 78, 79, 81, 91, 104–6, 202, 216, 249, 297–98, 338–39, 356
Randa, Tammy, 51–52
Randall, Brad, 120–24, 234–42, 250, 253–55, 265–68
Randolph, Thomas, 251–52, 267
Rapoport, David, 262–65, 346
Rawson, Raymond D., 235
Reagan, Ronald, 173
reconnaissance photography, 279–81
Record of Dental Examination at Autopsy, 255
Records, William Roy, 7–14, 21, 29–35, 51, 62–68, 80, 81, 90, 93–94, 118, 131–32, 151–53, 361
Red Cross, 122, 123, 219, 238–39, 316
refrigerator tractor-trailer trucks, 138, 235, 241, 302–3
Rehnberg, Upton, 31, 111–12, 132–33, 134, 135, 156, 180, 192, 201, 247, 284
Reinders, Mark, 140, 145–48, 150
Rembrandt, Iowa, 279, 280, 286, 303
remote transmitter / receiver (RTR) site, 191–93, 195, 196, 217, 353
replication, 325–26
Reynolds, Amy, 175–76, 200, 356
Reynolds, Doug, 175–76, 356
Rickenbacker, Eddie, 60
Risinger, Brad, 220–21
river marks, 336
Robinson, D. B., 257, 304–5
Rohde, James Michael, 278
Rohde, Ron, 164, 168
Rostermundt, Matt, 191, 192
Runway 17-35, 99, 104, 131, 136, 233
Runway 22, 80, 88–90, 104, 115, 129, 130, 216, 228–29
Runway 31, 24, 25, 223
rutile (titanium oxide), 86, 157–58
SAM, see United Airlines Aircraft Maintenance
St. Luke’s hospital, 31, 119, 142, 188, 189, 207–12, 214, 219, 290–91, 359
Salvation Army, 238–39
Sass, Karin Elizabeth, 43
Schaden, Richard F., 264–65
Schemmel, Jerry, 13, 41–42, 54, 117, 156, 175, 176–78, 181, 182, 183, 188, 190, 202, 272, 284–85, 290–91, 329–30, 353–54, 356, 362, 398n
Scott Township, Iowa, 279, 295
Seafair (1955), 59
search for fan disk MPO-00385, 275–82, 292–96, 311–15; see also Clark, John C.; Halverson, Harold; Sorenson, Dale; and Sorenson, Janice
secondary ion mass spectroscopy, 327
serial numbers, 61, 161, 185–86, 232–33
Shattuck, Bill, 154
Shattuck, Marie, 154
shear lip, 319–20
Sheldon, Ron, 14, 54, 118, 121, 155–56, 157, 162, 163, 164–67, 180, 274, 284, 357–58, 360
Shen, Kathy, 209
shot peening, 186, 320, 321, 327
single load failure, 319
Sioux City, Iowa, 74, 115–16, 121–22, 123, 136–38, 149, 167–70, 172, 182, 217, 219, 222, 271, 276, 283, 307, 316, 339, 350, 360
Sioux City Convention Center, 227, 228, 276, 283, 295
Sioux City Fire Department, 114, 140, 146–47, 150–52
Sioux City Journal, 70–71, 139, 143–50, 188, 304, 311, 366
Sioux City Police Department, 143
Sioux Gateway Airport, 2, 16–25, 35, 37, 44–45, 49, 50, 61–64, 68, 70–71, 74, 80, 88, 91, 99–100, 114, 139–40, 150, 154, 157, 172–73, 191–93, 207, 215, 220–24, 361–62
Siouxland, 19–20, 22, 64, 114, 115–16, 136–38, 146, 240, 258, 341–42
Sioux Land Farm Agency, 80
Siouxland Health Services, 102, 129–30
sister disks, 187, 285, 287, 329
Skaanes, Gitte, 14, 54, 121, 165–66, 167, 169, 170, 285
Skuljski, Nina, 188
smear tests, 304, 318
Smith, Al, 24, 25, 71, 128
Smith, E. Steven, 121, 235, 255, 265–66
smoke inhalation, 167, 268, 316, 331–32
Socie, Darrell F., 87
Society of Aeronautical Engineers, 59
“sonic shape,” 185–86
Sorenson, Dale, 312–13, 317; see also fan disk MPO-00385
Sorenson, Janice, 312, 315; see also fan disk MPO-00385
“souls on board,” 20, 174
Southern Hills Mall, 1, 117, 141, 225, 280
Sperks, Marie, 8
Sperks, Walter, 8
stainless steel, 85–86, 304
stamp numbers, 328–29
stationary fins (stator vanes), 57
step polishing, 332
Storm Lake, Iowa, 229, 232, 233–34
striations, 336–38
Stryker saws, 254–55
Sudlow, Richard Howard, 47, 54, 78, 83, 96, 97, 107, 108, 233, 247, 248, 249
Sullenberger, Chesley “Sully,” 362
Sundberg, Chuck, 102, 114
Sundstrand model 573 flight data recorder, 15, 34, 132, 173–74, 216–17, 278, 378n, 384n
Sundstrand model AV557B cockpit voice recorder (CVR), 15, 132, 216–17, 258, 380n
superalloys, 85, 125, 304
survivor guilt, 42–43, 300, 309–10
Swanstrom, Dennis, 122, 123, 136, 215, 233, 275, 301, 302, 303, 344
Swetnam, Richard, 220–24
Theroux, Priscilla, 187, 190, 252–53
Thiele, Orville, 117, 146, 147
Thompson, William H., 172, 227–28, 229, 230, 256, 257, 275, 283, 315
thrust, 55–56, 57, 126–27
“Tickle,” see titanium tetrachloride
Titanic, 200, 295, 390n
titanium, 85–88, 230
alloys of, 85, 158–59, 286, 314, 320, 333, 348
billets of, 160–61, 184–87, 265, 338
casting of, 283
crystalline structures in, 87–88, 184–85, 285–86, 329, 332–33
defects in, 264–65, 314–22
double-melt process, 160, 187, 346
flaws and impurities in, 87–88, 158–61, 184–87, 200, 286, 333
melters of, 159
non-premium quality, 160
phases of, 286
pit (defect) in, 314–22, 325–29, 332–33, 336–37
premium quality, 160
processing with petroleum coke, 158
scrap, 159, 187
“sponge,” 158, 159
tetrachloride, 86–87, 158
Ti-6Al-4V alloy, 159
titanium dioxide (rutile), 86, 157
trace elements in, 161
triple-melt process, 160, 347
“upset” process, 161
Titanium, 159
titanium dioxide, 86, 157
Titanium Metals of America (TIMET), 158–61, 184, 185, 187, 282–83, 333
Titanium Rotating Components Review Team, 363
titanium tetrachloride, 86–87, 158
Toronto, Ohio, 160
trackers (in morgue), 251–55, 267–70
Training Check Airman (TCA), 28–29, 33, 48
Transue, Jacqueline, 132, 306, 307
Transue, John, 31, 112, 118, 132, 153, 192, 205–6, 285, 289, 306–9, 335
Transue, Lindsey, 132, 307
Transue, Michelle, 132, 307
Trombello, Joseph, 14, 165–66, 262
Truesdale, Iowa, 279, 280, 286, 303
Tsao, Emil, 366
Tsao, Evan, 13, 36, 136, 177, 181–82, 213, 298
Tsao, Jeffrey, 366
Tsao, Sylvia, 13, 36, 136, 177, 178, 181–82, 202, 213, 298, 366
Tucker, James W., 185, 282, 285
turbine wheels, 55, 56, 58–59, 88, 126–27, 347
ultrasound inspections, 185–86, 285–86, 327–29, 348
ultraviolet light, 326–27
uncontained rotor bursts, 346–47
United Airlines, 12–13, 143, 173, 206–7, 243–44, 258–63, 281–82, 293, 298–300, 310–16, 320, 326–29, 337, 341, 348–49, 357, 362, 396n
United Airlines Aircraft Maintenance, San Francisco (SAM), 29–30, 33, 37–39, 62, 63, 94
assistance from, 29–30, 33, 37–39, 62, 63, 94
United Airlines CF6 Overhaul Shop, 326–29
United Airlines Crisis Communications Plan, 245–46
United Airlines Flight 173 crash (1978), 243–44
United Airlines Flight 232:
boarding lounge for, 52, 109, 155–56, 202, 218, 247, 349
Chicago as destination of, 8, 11, 13, 50, 155, 213, 222, 298, 357
children on, 10–11, 13, 40, 47, 50, 53, 63, 77, 97, 111, 118, 119, 136, 155, 175–82, 204, 211–12, 241, 252, 271–74, 309–10; see also infants
deadheading crew on, 7–8, 27–28, 48, 209
Denver as origin of, 26, 52, 155–57, 202, 218, 247, 271–72
final approach of, see impact
flight attendants on, 4–5, 8, 11–12, 26–28, 42, 155, 204, 315–16
flight path of, 33
in-flight meal of, 4, 157
in-flight movie of, 3–4, 15, 216
passenger total for, 51, 174, 281
preflight safety announcement for, 12
United Airlines Flight 232 crash (1989):
as airline crash, 2, 6, 12–22, 31, 33, 34, 42, 52, 60, 68–74, 81–82, 87–96, 105–7, 111–36, 144–45, 149, 151–53, 164, 167, 172, 173–75, 181–83, 189, 195, 198–99, 200
air traffic controllers in, 16–17, 21–24, 64–74, 88–90, 95–96, 98–99, 114, 190–91, 220–24
alert status for, 22–23, 114, 115, 139–40
altitude in, 13, 18, 27, 36, 65–66, 67, 68, 80
ambulance services in, 22, 102, 114, 117, 119, 128–29, 130, 137, 144–45, 152–53, 154, 201, 203, 204, 206, 211, 219, 249, 290
ash fallout from, 99, 102, 108, 117, 121, 134, 143, 180–81
asymmetric thrust used in, 10, 32, 33
autopilot in, 21, 32
banjo found in, 206–7
bodies recovered from, 120–24, 128, 137–38, 147–48, 167, 183, 197, 206, 216–18, 223, 224, 231, 301, 302–3, 334, 341, 364, 366
body identification in, 31, 48, 54, 120–24, 128, 137–38, 145, 225–26
bracing in, 46–47, 62, 63, 77, 81–82, 91, 103–4, 111, 112, 132–33, 157, 162, 164, 176, 178, 179, 187, 193, 212, 248, 273, 283–84, 324, 325, 329–30, 340
brakes in, 19, 24–25
briefing cards used in, 63, 110–11
burn injuries from, 31, 94, 101, 103, 133–34, 181, 189, 192, 201–2, 208, 210, 213, 219–20, 241, 267, 268, 269, 270–71, 290–91, 306, 331–32, 334, 359
casualties and injuries in, 20, 22, 54, 91–97, 102–9, 119–20, 129–30, 136–38, 146, 147, 153, 167, 195–96, 201–12, 289, 335
casualty lists for, 212–14, 357
children in, 13, 15, 40, 47, 50, 53, 63, 77, 97, 111, 118, 119, 136, 175–82, 204, 211–12, 241, 252, 271–74, 309–10
cockpit voice recorder in, 34, 173, 191
collapsed bulkhead in, 163
compass heading in, 18, 67, 68
computer tape in, 102, 128, 148, 215
control wheel in, see yoke
cornfield in landing of, 70, 80, 94n, 101, 102, 109, 115, 117, 133–34, 135, 145, 146, 148, 153, 164, 171, 177, 178, 180–83, 188, 189, 192–96, 199, 202, 224, 233, 288, 331
court testimony on, 77, 262–65
cranes used in, 151–52, 259
crew activities in, 7–10, 13–15, 19–21, 32–34, 37–39, 50–51, 62–74, 80–81, 88–95, 98, 150–52, 204, 206, 262
crew extracted from cockpit, 150–53
damage to tail, 8–9, 9, 43–48, 62, 82, 96, 97, 107, 108, 109, 143, 187, 194, 203, 215–16, 229, 231, 233, 238, 240, 249, 256, 257–59, 261, 292, 297, 303–4, 347, 380n
date of (July 19, 1989), 3, 243
death toll in, 20, 97
debris from, 82, 83, 93, 95, 99, 101–2, 108, 117–18, 130, 134, 143–53, 166–67, 168, 178, 180–81, 201–6, 221, 229, 238, 241, 243, 249, 274, 275–81, 293–97, 311–15
descent of, 9, 9, 18, 51, 88–90, 114–15, 130, 330
disintegration in, 10, 82, 90–93, 100–103, 109, 133–34, 152
ditching considered in, 22, 31, 33, 43
elevator damaged in, 43–44, 45–46, 54, 62
emergency exits in, 42, 47, 49, 54, 78, 79, 80, 103, 111–12, 163, 248
engine No. 1 in, 10, 27, 80–81, 111, 230, 234, 382n, 395n
engine No. 2 explodes in, 4–29, 32–37, 33, 46–48, 60–62, 69, 85–88, 93, 95, 125–27, 156–57, 182, 187, 205, 217, 227–34, 228, 238, 247, 248, 257–64, 272–78, 285, 293–94, 296, 303–4, 320–30, 346–49, 355
engine No. 3 in, 10, 27, 28–29, 80–81, 97, 111, 230, 234, 382n, 395n
engine or engines firewalled in, 10, 80–81
escape from, 83, 100–101, 104–9, 134–35, 163–67, 168, 177–79, 188–89, 194–95, 249–50, 273–74, 284–85, 330–32
evacuation procedures in, 33, 45, 70, 80, 135
explosions in, 118, 178–79, 181, 288, 332
families of victims in, 168, 237–38, 253, 266, 267–68, 341
fatalities in, 20, 31, 48, 77, 96, 97, 102, 107, 113–14, 118, 119, 120–24, 129–31, 137–38, 143–44, 145, 147, 148, 167, 168, 177, 188, 190, 197, 201–2
final briefing in, 109–11, 132, 324, 325
final moments of, see impact
financial compensation for, 262–63, 340–41
fireball in, 11, 96, 113, 130, 133, 141, 192, 213, 306
fire fighting in, see fire fighters
first anniversary of, 150, 269, 344, 350–55
flaps and slats in, 9, 34–35, 229
flight attendants in, 16, 26–28, 40–42, 48–49, 69, 74–79, 81, 101, 103, 108, 110–13, 135, 155–56, 157, 193, 195, 202–4, 209, 212–14, 272–73, 316, 324, 340
flight controls in, 10, 21, 29–30, 32, 62, 94–95, 234
flight data recorder in, 15, 21, 34, 132, 173–74, 216–17, 278
flight path in, 18, 32–33, 33, 62–63, 67, 68, 73
food and shelter for victims of, 122–24, 149, 168–71, 219–20, 238–39
forensic dentistry for, 239, 254–55, 265–66
forensic pathology for, 120, 226, 235, 238, 266, 316
Grassy Knoll in, 145–46, 147, 180–81, 191, 194–96, 203, 217, 353–54
grid coordinates of, 236–37, 294–96
helicopters used for, 119, 130, 146, 183, 201, 221, 279, 280, 281
horizontal stabilizer in, 21, 45–46, 54, 233, 380n
hospitals used for, 23, 31, 75, 115, 119–20, 130, 142, 153, 167, 169, 174, 188, 189, 196, 207–14, 219, 250, 258, 260, 289, 290–91, 298, 306, 338–39, 359
hydraulics lost in, 10, 15, 19, 21, 27–30, 32, 33, 37–39, 62–63, 72–73, 85–86, 94–95, 231, 234, 256–64, 296, 303–6, 311, 318, 325, 349
impact in, 2, 25, 77, 80-83, 90, 93–98, 100–103, 104, 112–13, 133–34, 141–42, 150, 176–77, 179–80, 187–88, 193–94, 248–49, 273, 283–84, 330
infants in, 13, 53, 77, 111, 136, 175–82, 241, 309–10
interviews for, 119, 148, 169, 174, 188, 213, 258, 315–16, 350
jump seats in, 78, 81, 82
landing gear in, 45, 63–64, 65, 80, 97, 216, 240, 330
lawsuits on, 77, 262–63
left turn made in, 62–63, 65
left wing in, 95, 98
main spar damaged in, 95
maintenance assistance for, 29–30, 33, 37–39, 62, 63, 94
mapping of, 121, 122, 228, 236–37, 294–96, 303
maximum bank angle in, 10, 14, 30, 36
media coverage of, 25, 70–71, 74, 119, 120, 123, 137, 139, 143–50, 169–72, 174, 188, 218–19, 221–22, 224, 245, 266, 290, 291, 304, 306, 339, 350, 356, 357
money found in, 108, 128, 134, 143, 153–54, 165, 180–81, 183, 202, 212, 238
morgue for, 120–24, 128, 137–38, 234–55, 265–71, 303, 341
nose pitch in, 9, 19, 21, 29, 36, 50–51, 117, 151, 164, 171–72, 177, 194, 200–201, 238
NTSB Go Team for, 73–74, 171–75, 213–16, 223, 227–34
NTSB investigation of, 18, 33, 38, 72–74, 87, 95, 127, 154, 158, 171–75, 213–16, 222, 223, 227–34, 228, 244–46, 257–64, 275–85, 292–96, 301–5, 310, 313, 316–22, 327–28, 335, 337, 345–48, 362, 379n, 392n
paper debris in, 98–99, 102, 108, 117, 128, 130, 134, 143, 153, 165, 201, 215, 221, 232, 301
passenger briefing in, 43, 74, 162
passengers writing notes in, 176
pathologists for, 54, 120–24, 128, 137–38, 225–26, 234–55, 265–71, 302–3, 316, 341
personal effects from, 48, 205–7, 252, 267–68, 299
photo of rescue from, 144–45, 211–12
photos of, 116, 122, 139, 140–49, 211–12, 221–22, 240, 241, 251–52, 267, 269, 304, 364
pilot announcements in, 62, 66, 69, 76, 78, 79, 91, 109–10, 115, 157, 324, 325
pineapples in, 108, 128, 153, 212
police used in, 116–17, 140, 142, 145, 146, 225
radar tracking of, 17, 20, 33, 64–65
radio communications for, 114–15, 117, 140, 142, 146, 190–93
radio navigation aid in, 68
reconstruction of empennage, 258–59, 303–4
religious faith in, 6, 7, 14, 36, 43, 46, 75, 77, 157, 182–83, 187, 193, 201, 204–5, 247–48, 269, 270, 272, 298–301, 302, 341–45, 350–52, 357
responsibility for, 261–64, 281–82, 304–5
right turns made in, 62, 67
right wing in, 81, 90, 95–96, 97, 164, 216, 330, 382n
roadblocks for, 2, 117, 142, 152–53
runway used in, 18, 24, 25, 63, 67, 68–69, 70, 80, 88–90, 92, 99, 100, 104, 114–15
seat belts in, 52, 53, 79, 100, 104–8, 111, 118, 131, 134, 144, 151, 163, 176, 177, 180, 183, 188, 202, 211, 224, 249, 273–74, 284, 309–10, 324, 325, 331
seating in, 42–43, 82, 97, 106, 129, 144, 163–64, 165, 168, 211, 240–41, 334, 382n
simulation in preparation for, 20
site of, 121, 122, 215–17, 224, 228, 236–37, 354
smoke in, 2, 25, 84, 89, 96, 98, 101–2, 108, 117, 129, 134, 135–36, 142, 143–44, 147, 150, 163, 164, 165, 167, 177–79, 180, 190, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 221, 268, 274, 284–85, 316, 330–32
speed in, 9–10, 68, 71, 80–81, 276, 277
survivors of, 12, 42–43, 69, 75, 80–84, 90–93, 117, 121, 130–36, 142–47, 154, 162–75, 187–93, 212–14, 221, 246, 258, 284–85, 289–91, 300, 306, 309–10, 323–25, 329–35, 341–45, 350–54, 364–65
throttles used in, 8–9, 10, 14–15, 32, 33, 39, 51, 62–63, 65, 73, 90, 95, 96, 215
timeline for, 69–70, 78, 79, 95
triage operations in, 129–30, 146, 147, 153, 167, 195–96, 201, 203–4, 212, 289, 335
vertical speed of, 68
video of, 228, 385n
volunteers for, 136–38, 225–26, 234–42, 250–55, 267–70, 280, 302
windshield damaged in, 97–98
“witness marks” in, 230, 256–57, 296–97, 313
United Airlines Flight 455, 361–62
United Airlines Flight 811 (1989), 243, 244, 282
United Airlines Go Team, 120, 123–24, 154, 172–73, 213, 222, 228, 230, 237, 238, 244–46, 290, 315–16
United Airlines Heavy Maintenance Group, 259
United Methodist Church, 341–42
Upshaw, Efram, 75
US Airways Flight 1549 ditching (2009), 362
vacuum arc remelting (VAR), 159, 338
vanadium, 158, 161, 286, 288, 333
Varig Brasil Airlines, 347
Vetter, Rod, 14, 118, 121, 156, 157, 162, 163, 166, 167, 180, 218, 222, 284–85, 298, 306, 308, 335, 353
VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), 17, 68
Walker, Jim, 130–31, 145, 153, 238, 240, 302
Walter, Karl, 106–7, 297–98
Walter, Marilyn, 106, 297–98
Walters, Barbara, 246
Warren, Dale, 46
Washington National Airport, 171–72
Hangar Six at, 171–72
Transportation Department, U.S. at, 171
wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), 332–33
weather conditions, 18, 21, 70, 88, 90, 94, 120, 147, 276, 277, 293
Weifenbach, Jim, 24, 64–65, 88
Wernick, Joan, 14, 206, 213, 272, 273, 284, 355, 364
Wernick, Pete, 14, 175, 206–7, 272, 273, 274, 284, 355, 360–61
Wernick, Will, 14, 206, 273, 284, 355
White, Susan, 4–5, 6, 16, 28, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 52, 54, 69, 74–80, 81, 82, 83, 103–8, 109, 152, 201, 202–5, 206, 216, 231, 249, 298, 303, 315–17, 324, 340, 342–45, 346
Whitehead, Bell, 59
White Star Line, 390n
Wick, Margaret, 168
Wildey, James, 87, 158, 286–88, 303, 313–14, 320, 322, 325, 328, 329, 332–33, 338, 363–64
Williams, Gregory, 184–85
Williams, Walter, 40, 177
wind direction and speed, 70, 88, 90, 94, 277, 293
wind-driven generators, 19, 29
“witness marks,” 230, 256–57, 296–97, 313
Wizniak, Edward, 227–28, 231–34, 238, 256, 257–59, 275, 280, 281, 282, 318
Wolf, Stephen, 124
Woodbury County Disaster and Emergency Services (WCDES), 20, 22, 23, 70, 119, 122, 123–24, 129–30, 150–51, 172–73, 216–17, 241
Wright, Velma, 170
X-rays, 122, 137, 237, 238, 251, 253, 266, 269, 304, 306, 332, 333
Yglesias, Rafael, 189
yoke, 8, 10, 14–15, 28–35, 36
Young, Gordy, 24n
Young, John, 282, 285, 337
Zahren, Bill, 141–42, 311
Zenor, Shari, 140, 146–47
Ziegler cases, 270–71
Zielezinski, Mark, 16, 17, 21–22, 24, 64–65, 69, 70, 88, 89, 96, 98, 223–24