Introduction
1. Brenda Elsey, Citizens and Sportsmen: Fútbol and Politics in 20th-Century Chile (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011), 257.
2. Gwendolyn Oxenham, Finding the Game: Three Years, Twenty-Five Countries, and the Search for Pickup Soccer (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2012), 52, 57.
3. Nick Hornby, Fever Pitch (New York: Riverhead Books, 1992), 191.
4. Diego Maradona, El Diego: The Autobiography of the World’s Greatest Footballer (London: Yellow Jersey Press, 2005), 77.
5. Jean Eskenazi, “Eloge et universalité du football,” in Le Football, by Jules Rimet (Monte Carlo, Monaco: Union Européenne d’Editions, 1954), 263–269; Fredrik Ekelund and Karl Ove Knausgaard, Home and Away: Writing the Beautiful Game, trans. Dan Bartlett and Seán Kinsella (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2016), 328, 383.
6. Juan Villoro, God Is Round: Tackling the Giants, Villains, Triumphs, and Scandals of the World’s Favorite Game, trans. Thomas Bunstead (Brooklyn, NY: Restless Publishers, 2016), 19; Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 155; David Kilpatrick, Obrigado: A Futebol Epic (New York: Beadle Books, 2015), 8.
7. Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, Volume 1, trans. Alan Sheridan-Smith (London: Verso, 2004), 473.
8. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, In Praise of Athletic Beauty (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2006), 190–191.
9. Eduardo Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, trans. Mark Fried (London: Verso, 1998), 9.
10. Villoro, God Is Round, 108–109.
11. Peter Alegi, African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World’s Game (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2010), 21–22; Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 201.
12. Dave Zirin, “An Elite Soccer Team Protests ICE After Their Teammate Is Detained,” Nation, August 7, 2017; Rachel Chason, “He Went to ICE to Tell Agents He Had Gotten into College. Now He and His Brother Have Been Deported,” Washington Post, August 2, 2017.
13. Gwendolyn Oxenham, Under the Lights and in the Dark: Untold Stories of Women’s Soccer (London: Icon Books, 2017), 87–107.
14. Geoffrey Douglas, The Game of Their Lives: The Untold Story of the World Cup’s Biggest Upset (New York: Holt, 1996), 8, 18–20, 44–45; Alexander Wolff, “The Hero Who Vanished,” Sports Illustrated, March 8, 2010.
15. Laurent Dubois, “The Making of Belgium’s Golden Generation, and Imported Versus Cultivated Talent,” New Republic, July 2, 2014; Laurent Dubois, “How Missing the Next World Cup Could Help the US in Future Ones,” Washington Post, October 11, 2017.
16. Once in a Lifetime: The Extraordinary Story of the New York Cosmos, directed by Paul Crowder and John Dower (Miramax, 2006); on the recent history of the MLS see Grant Wahl, The Beckham Experiment: How the World’s Most Famous Athlete Tried to Conquer America (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2010).
17. Aubrey Bloomfield and Sean Jacobs, “US Soccer: Not a Progressive Bastion,” Al Jazeera, August 26, 2017; Matt Pentz, “Megan Rapinoe: ‘God Forbid You Be a Gay Woman and a Person of Color in the US,’” Guardian, March 25, 2017.
18. Laurent Dubois, “The Stade de France—A History in Fragments,” Africa Is a Country, November 15, 2015, http://africasacountry.com/2015/11/the-stade-de-france-a-history-in-fragments/.
19. Franklin Foer, How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization (New York: Harper Collins, 2004).
Chapter 1: The Goalkeeper
1. The letter was posted by Gianluigi Buffon on his Facebook page on March 21, 2016, and a translation posted that day by James Horncastle on Twitter @JamesHorncastle.
2. Edward Winters, “How to Appreciate the Fingertip Save,” in Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game, ed. Ted Richards (Chicago: Open Court, 2010), 149–160; Jonathan Wilson, The Outsider: The History of the Goalkeeper (London: Orion Books, 2012), 14–16.
3. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 4; Villoro, God Is Round, 109.
4. Laws of the Game 2016/17 (Zurich: International Football Association Board, 2016).
5. On Bell in Marseille, see Christian Bromberger, “Football as World-View and as Ritual,” French Cultural Studies 6 (1995): 293–311.
6. Winters, “How to Appreciate the Fingertip Save,” 150–151.
7. Wilson, The Outsider, 111.
8. Ibid., 9–11.
9. James Walvin, The People’s Game: The History of Football Revisited (London: Mainstream Publishing, 1994), 42–43; Bill Murray, The World’s Game: A History of Soccer (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 3–4.
10. Stefan Szymanski, “It’s Football, Not Soccer” (unpublished paper, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2014).
11. Wilson, The Outsider, 13.
12. Ibid.; Jonathan Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid: The History of Soccer Tactics (New York: Nation Books, 2013), 4.
13. David Goldblatt, The Game of Our Lives: The English Premier League and the Making of Modern Britain (New York: Nation Books, 2014), 35; Wilson, The Outsider, 119; Ruud Gullit, How to Watch Soccer (New York: Penguin, 2016), 22.
14. Wilson, The Outsider, 35, 40, 42.
15. Ibid., 99–100.
16. Ibid., 81–85; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 39–40, 61.
17. Vladimir Nabokov, Speak, Memory: An Autobiography Revisited (New York: Vintage Books, 1989), 185, 267–268; Wilson, The Outsider, 46.
18. Nabokov, Speak, Memory, 267; Wilson, The Outsider, 46.
19. Maher Mezahi, “Les Pieds-Noirs: Algeria’s Forgotten Footballers,” French Football Weekly, March 28, 2013, http://frenchfootballweekly.com/2013/03/28/les-pieds-noirs-algerias-forgotten-footballers/.
20. Mezahi, “Les Pieds-Noirs”; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 57.
21. Mezahi, “Les Pieds-Noirs”; Herman R. Lottman, Albert Camus: A Biography (New York: Doubleday, 1979), 39–40; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 57–58.
22. Albert Camus, The Stranger, trans. Stuart Gilbert (New York: Vintage, 1954), 70–71.
23. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 4–5.
24. Ibid., 117; Wilson, The Outsider, 60–65.
25. Hugh McIlvanney, McIlvanney on Football (London: Mainstream Publishing, 1997), 180–181.
26. Wilson, The Outsider, 16.
27. Hope Solo, Solo: A Memoir of Hope (New York: Harper, 2012), 33.
28. Ibid., 38–39.
29. Ibid., 20–21.
30. Ibid., 73–74.
31. Ibid., 101.
32. Carli Lloyd, When Nobody Was Watching: My Hard-Fought Journey to the Top of the Soccer World (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016), 200.
33. Roger Kittleson, The Country of Football: Soccer and the Making of Modern Brazil (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014), 12–13; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 87–90; Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 217.
34. Kittleson, Country of Football, 12–13; Wilson, The Outsider, 137; Paulo Perdigão, Anatomia de uma derrota (Porto-Alegre: L & PM Editores, 1986); Antonio D. Angelo Junior Domingos, “Anatomia de uma derrota: adeus a Paulo Perdigão,” Universidade do futebol, August 7, 2007, http://universidadedofutebol .com.br/anatomia-de-uma-derrota-adeus-a-paulo-perdigao/.
35. Wilson, The Outsider, 137.
36. Wilson, The Outsider, 137–139; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 112; Kittleson, Country of Football, 13; Joshua H. Nadel, Fútbol!: Why Soccer Matters in Latin America (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014), 73–74.
37. Wilson, The Outsider, 294–296, 304; Simon Kuper and Stefan Szymanski, Soccernomics (New York: Nation Books, 2009), 95–110.
38. Wilson, The Outsider, 294–296, 304.
39. The inimitable scene is here: https://youtu.be/BfEnYkK_ums.
40. “Here Are Our Africa Cup of Nations 2015 Awards,” Africa Is a Country, February 9, 2015, http://africasacountry.com/2015/02/here-are-our-africa-cup-of-nations-2015-awards/.
Chapter 2: The Defender
1. Laurent Dubois, Soccer Empire: The World Cup and the Future of France (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010), 22.
2. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 290.
3. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 78–81.
4. Ibid., 83–89.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 94, 122.
7. Ibid., 122.
8. Ibid., 124–130; Murray, The World’s Game, 8.
9. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 130, 236–240; Lilian Thuram, Mes étoiles noires: De Lucy à Barack Obama (Paris: Philippe Rey, 2010).
10. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 2; Murray, World’s Game, 8.
11. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 8; Murray, World’s Game, 8.
12. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 13–15. There is an intriguing parallel to the influence that the Carlisle Indian Industrial School had on the development of American football. The Carlisle team focused on aerial passing rather than carrying the ball in part to outmaneuver Ivy League opponents who were physically larger; see Sally Jenkins, The Real All Americans: The Team That Changed a Game, a People, a Nation (New York: Doubleday, 2007).
13. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 13–15.
14. Ibid., 30.
15. Ibid., 30–31.
16. Kittleson, Country of Football, 38–39; Wilson, The Outsider, 135.
17. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 67; on debates over style and national culture, see Nadel, Fútbol!
18. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 31.
19. Ibid., 204, 330.
20. Julian Carosi, “The History of Offside,” November 23, 2010, 1.
21. David Goldblatt, The Ball Is Round: A Global History of Soccer (New York: Riverhead Books, 2008), 36.
22. Carosi, “The History of Offside,” 2.
23. Ibid., 2–4.
24. Ibid., 4–6; Paul Hoyningen-Huene, “Why Is Football So Fascinating?,” in Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game, ed. Ted Richards (Chicago: Open Court, 2010), 7–22.
25. Carosi, “The History of Offside,” 4–6.
26. Ibid.
27. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 36–37.
28. Ibid., 36–39.
29. Ibid., 39.
30. Ibid., 40–41.
31. Ibid., 45–47.
32. Ibid., 45–47, 51–52.
33. Bocar Ly, Foot-Ball: Histoire de la coupe d’A.O.F. (Dakar: Nouvelles Éditions Africaines du Sénégal, 1990), 14–17; Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 80–81.
34. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 159–162.
35. Ibid., 163–166.
36. McIlvanney, On Football, 186, 190; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 167.
37. Carosi, “The History of Offside,” 8; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 357.
38. Maradona, El Diego, 1, 6.
39. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 70.
40. Kittleson, Country of Football, 38.
Chapter 3: The Midfielder
1. Aleksandar Hemon, “If God Existed, He’d Be a Solid Midfielder,” Granta, no. 108 (2009): 10–11.
2. Hemon, “If God Existed,” 15, 17.
3. Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 59.
4. Oxenham, Finding the Game: Three Years, 56; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 294.
5. The photograph was taken by Agence France-Presse. See http://www .gettyimages.fr/license/107866675.
6. Kittleson, Country of Football, 51, 60–61; Nadel, Fútbol!, 74–76.
7. Kittleson, Country of Football, 62–63; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 105–106.
8. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 66–67; Kittleson, Country of Football, 65.
9. Kittleson, Country of Football, 62–63; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 105.
10. Kittleson, Country of Football, 60–61; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 118–119.
11. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 118–119.
12. Kittleson, Country of Football, 63.
13. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 235–236, 239.
14. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 95; Nadel, Fútbol!, 84; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 236.
15. Kittleson, Country of Football, 53; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 240–242.
16. McIlvanney, On Football, 176.
17. Ibid., 177.
18. Ibid., 178.
19. Ibid., 185; Laurent Dubois, “In the Theatre of the World Cup,” in Africa’s World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship, and Space, ed. Peter Alegi and Chris Bolsmann (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), 210–218.
20. McIlvanney, On Football, 180, 186, 188, 190.
21. Ibid., 191–192.
22. Ibid., 192–193.
23. Ibid., 194–196.
24. Ibid., 194.
25. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 253.
26. Ibid., 205, 208–209; David Winner, Brilliant Orange: The Neurotic Genius of Dutch Soccer (New York: Overlook Press, 2008), 24, 26, 45; Víctor Durà-Vilà, “Why Playing Beautifully Is Morally Better,” in Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game, ed. Ted Richards (Chicago: Open Court, 2010), 141–148.
27. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 209; Winner, Brilliant Orange, 28–29, 47.
28. Winner, Brilliant Orange, 37–38, 44.
29. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 213; Winner, Brilliant Orange, 36, 46–47.
30. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 211–212.
31. Winner, Brilliant Orange, 45.
32. Ibid., 135.
33. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 216.
34. Gullit, How to Watch Soccer, 67.
35. Winner, Brilliant Orange, 58–59.
36. Ibid., 59, 132.
37. Ibid., 57–58.
38. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 253.
39. On Zidane’s career, see Dubois, Soccer Empire, especially chapter 6.
40. Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, directed by Douglas Gordon and Philippe Parreno, (Universal International, 2006).
41. Javier Marías, “Fallen from the Sky,” in The Global Game: Writers on Soccer, ed. John Turnbull, Thom Satterlee, and Alon Raab (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2008), 72–73.
42. Marías, “Fallen from the Sky.”
43. The goal and interview can be seen here: http://www.dailymotion.com /video/x2ockb_but-de-zidane-contre-le-betis-sevil_sport.
44. Wilson, The Outsider, 117.
45. McIlvanney, On Football, 179.
46. Lloyd, When Nobody Was Watching, 27.
47. Ibid., 56, 63, 113, 137, 147, 189.
48. Ibid., 132.
49. Alicia Rodriguez, “An Ode to Rapinoe’s Cross,” SB Nation: Angels on Parade, July 10, 2011, http://www.angelsonparade.com//2011/7/10/2268925/an-ode-to-rapinoes-cross.
50. Lloyd, When Nobody Was Watching, 135, 148.
51. Ibid., 152–154.
52. Ibid., 201–202.
53. Ibid., 209.
54. Ibid., 210–211.
Chapter 4: The Forward
1. “Peamount United Player Scores Wonder Goal,” RTÉ News video, 1:44, October 23, 2014, http://youtu.be/dyiI2jZTnhU; “Stephanie Roche Misses Out on FIFA Puskas Award as James Rodriguez Scoops Prize,” RTÉ News, January 13, 2015, http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2015/0112/672049-stephanie-roche/.
2. Gail J. Newsham, In a League of Their Own! The Dick, Kerr Ladies Football Team (London: Scarlet Press, 1997), 2; Jean Williams, A Game for Rough Girls? A History of Women’s Football in Britain (London: Routledge, 2003), 26; Goldblatt, The Ball Is Round, 231; early sources on the history of women’s football in Britain are collected by Patrick Brennan, “Women’s Football” website, http://www.donmouth.co.uk/womens_football/womens_football.html.
3. Newsham, League of Their Own, 7–13; Williams, Game for Rough Girls?, 27.
4. Newsham, League of Their Own, 1–5, 18–19.
5. Newsham, League of Their Own, 7–13, 18–19; Williams, Game for Rough Girls?, 27; Robert Galvin, The Football Hall of Fame: The Ultimate Guide to the Greatest Footballing Legends of All Time (London: Portico, 2008), 11.
6. Newsham, League of Their Own, 19, 91–92; Williams, Game for Rough Girls?, 51.
7. Newsham, League of Their Own, 24–29, 32–39.
8. Ibid., 41–46; Williams, Game for Rough Girls?, 46.
9. Newsham, League of Their Own, 46–50.
10. Ibid., 51–54.
11. Ibid., 51, 55–58.
12. Ibid., 61–67.
13. Ibid., 66.
14. Ibid., 68; Andrei S. Markovits and Emily K. Albertson, Sportista: Female Fandom in the United States (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012), 72–72; Oxenham, Under the Lights, 165.
15. Newsham, League of Their Own, 76.
16. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 34.
17. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 140; Villoro, God Is Round, 171; Maradona by Kusturica, directed by Emir Kusturica (Telecinco Films, 2008); Nadel, Fútbol!, 48.
18. Maradona, El Diego, 1–6.
19. Ibid., 6; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 139–140.
20. Maradona, El Diego, 14–17.
21. Ibid., 70; Villoro, God Is Round, 193–194.
22. Nadel, Fútbol!, 46, 50–53; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 30–31.
23. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 28–29; Nadel, Fútbol!, 53–55; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 30–31; Robert Farris Thompson, Tango: The Art History of Love (New York: Pantheon Books, 2005).
24. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 34–35.
25. Ibid., 187.
26. Ibid., 245–246.
27. Ibid., 245–247; Grant Farred, Long Distance Love: A Passion for Football (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008), 60–81.
28. McIlvanney, On Football, 257.
29. Villoro, God Is Round, 170; Maradona, El Diego, 87–88, 108.
30. Maradona, El Diego, 110–111; McIlvanney, On Football, 260–261.
31. Maradona, El Diego, 124, 127–128; McIlvanney, On Football, 260.
32. Maradona, El Diego, 130.
33. Ibid., 13, 130; McIlvanney, On Football, 265–266.
34. Maradona, El Diego, 128–129.
35. “Poesía de Victor Hugo Morales,” Taringa, May 3, 2010, http://www .taringa.net/posts/videos/5380748/Poesia-de-Victor-Hugo-Morales.html; Gotan Project, “La Gloria,” in Tango 3.0, (XL Recordings, 2010).
36. Maradona, El Diego, 131; McIlvanney, On Football, 262, 266.
37. Maradona, El Diego, 54–55.
38. Didier Drogba, Commitment: My Autobiography (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2015), 3–9.
39. Drogba, Commitment, 15–18, 22.
40. Ibid., 39–40, 45–46, 141.
41. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 70.
42. Drogba, Commitment, 59–60, 73–74; Christian Bromberger, Le match de football: ethnologie d’une passion partisane à Marseille, Naples et Turin (Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1995).
43. Drogba, Commitment, 62–63, 188.
44. Ibid., 227, 230.
45. Ibid., 230–236.
46. Ibid., 236–237.
47. Ibid., 243–244.
48. Ibid., 244–245.
49. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 70.
50. Todd Cleveland, “The Empire Strikes Back (or How Africa Won Euro 2016 for Portugal),” Africa Is a Country, July 14, 2016, http://africasacountry.com /2016/07/the-empire-strikes-back/.
51. Hornby, Fever Pitch, 191.
Chapter 5: The Manager
1. Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 46.
2. The most detailed study of the FLN team is Michel Nait-Challal, Dribbleurs de l’indépendance: L’incroyable histoire de l’équipe de football du FLN Algérien (Paris: Editions Prolongations, 2008); I draw here on a fuller analysis presented in Dubois, Soccer Empire, 180–197.
3. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 190–191.
4. Ibid., 190.
5. Nait-Challal, Dribbleurs de l’indépendance, 139; Dubois, Soccer Empire, 195–196.
6. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 196.
7. Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, 450–452, 456–462.
8. Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, 451.
9. Goldblatt, The Game of Our Lives, 277; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 40–43, 49, 51–52.
10. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 40–43, 49, 51–52.
11. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 277–278; Goldblatt, The Ball Is Round, 447–448; Adam Powley and Robert Gillan, Shankly’s Village: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Glenbuck and Its Famous Sons (Worthing, UK: Pitch Publishing, 2015); Farred, Long Distance Love, 9.
12. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 278; James Corbett, “Bill Shankly: Life, Death and Football,” Guardian, October 17, 2009.
13. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 220.
14. Ibid., 220, 233.
15. Ibid., 224.
16. Ibid., 226–227.
17. Ibid., 229; Hornby, Fever Pitch, 125.
18. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 307, 309, 319, 366.
19. Ibid., 313.
20. Ibid., 315–317.
21. Ibid., 328, 332.
22. Kittleson, Country of Football, 111–112.
23. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 376.
24. Lloyd, When Nobody Was Watching, 157. Sundhage sang the Simon and Garfunkel song in a press conference two days before the 2011 World Cup final; the scene is captured here: http://youtu.be/TB10rJJX3dM.
25. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 16.
26. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 4–5.
27. “World Record Football Transfer Fees,” BBC Sport, September 1, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/23560273; Dubois, Soccer Empire, 95.
28. Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 97–103; Raffaele Poli, “Africans’ Status in European Football Players’ Labour Market,” Soccer & Society 7, no. 1–2 (2006): 278–291.
29. Kuper and Szymanski, Soccernomics, 5, 84; David Kilpatrick, “Nietzsche’s Arsenal,” in Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game, ed. Ted Richards (Chicago: Open Court, 2010), 41.
30. Kuper and Szymanski, Soccernomics, 57–58; Kilpatrick, “Nietzche’s Arsenal,” 42.
31. Kilpatrick, “Nietzche’s Arsenal,” 39–45.
32. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 278–279.
33. Kuper and Szymanski, Soccernomics, 82, 84, 90; Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 307.
34. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 279.
35. Ibid., 5, 68.
36. Amy Lawrence, “Arsène Wenger: I’d Tell God That Winning Is Not as Easy as It Looks,” Guardian, October 21, 2016.
Chapter 6: The Referee
1. “Ontario, Quebec Differ over Soccer Head Scarf Ban,” CBC News, February 26, 2007, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ontario-quebec-differ-over-soccer-head-scarf-ban-1.632266; Heather-Jane Robertson, “Bend It like Azzy,” The Phi Delta Kappan, May 2007.
2. “Ontario, Quebec Differ over Soccer Head Scarf Ban”; Robertson, “Bend It like Azzy.”
3. Murray, The World’s Game, 37; Goldblatt, 184–185.
4. Elsey, Citizens and Sportsmen, 36; Paul Darby, Africa, Football and FIFA: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance (London: Frank Cass, 2002); John Sugden and Alan Tomlinson, FIFA and the Contest for World Football: Who Rules the Peoples’ Game? (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1998).
5. “Rule Against Hijab Stands: World Soccer Body,” CBC News, March 3, 2007.
6. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 11.
7. Gullit, How to Watch Soccer, 49; Hornby, Fever Pitch, 91.
8. Gullit, How to Watch Soccer, 48.
9. Ibid., 48–49.
10. Bromberger, Le match de football, 178–179.
11. Bromberger, “Football as World-View and Ritual,” 204.
12. Jan ter Harmsel, “Schumacher Battiston: Referee Corver Explains,” Dutch Referee Blog, June 3, 2010, http://www.dutchreferee.com/charles-korver-about-battiston-and-schumacher/; Jan ter Harmsel, “Charles Corver: Dutch Referee of the Century,” Dutch Referee Blog, November 29, 2016, http://www .dutchreferee.com/charles-corver-referee-century/.
13. The Referee, directed by Mattias Löw, (SVT Play, 2010), 28:31, http://vimeo.com/13425028.
14. Harmsel, “Charles Corver.”
15. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 10–11.
16. Paul Kennedy, “Thank You, Koman Coulibaly,” Soccer America Daily, June 19, 2010, https://www.socceramerica.com/article/38567/thank-you-koman-coulibaly.html.
17. Rosie DiManno, “Soccer Rulers Waffle on Hijab Issue,” Toronto Star, March 5, 2007; Safia Lakhani, “Sporting the Veil: Representations of Asmahan Mansour in the Canadian Media,” Topia: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 19 (Spring 2008): 85–98.
18. Curtis R. Ryan, “The Politics of FIFA and the Hijab,” Foreign Policy, February 28, 2012.
19. Awista Ayub, “A Closer Look at FIFA’s Hijab Ban: What It Means for Muslim Players and Lessons Learned,” SAIS Review of International Affairs 31, no. 1 (2011): 43–45; Ryan, “The Politics of FIFA and the Hijab.”
20. Andy Radia, “9 Year Old Quebec Girl Banned from Soccer Game for Wearing Hijab,” Yahoo News, July 10, 2012, http://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs /canada-politics/9-old-quebec-girl-banned-soccer-game-wearing-182157253 .html.
Chapter 7: The Fan
1. “Fenerbahce Only Allowed to Admit Women and Children,” BBC Sport, September 21, 2011, http://www.bbc.com/sport/football/14998237.
2. A video of the stands is here: http://youtu.be/1norC4txlTc.
3. Hornby, Fever Pitch, 192.
4. Farred, Long Distance Love, 15–16.
5. Hornby, Fever Pitch, 12, 20, 119.
6. Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 207; Hornby, Fever Pitch, 175, 207.
7. Hornby, Fever Pitch, 76, 127–128, 156.
8. Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 72, 205, 213–214; Markovits and Albertson, Sportista, 128–129.
9. Hoyningen-Huene, “Why Is Football So Fascinating?,” 7, 9–11; Bromberger, “Football as World-View and Ritual,” 293–311.
10. Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 284.
11. Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 33.
12. Goldblatt, The Ball Is Round, 543–545, 598–601.
13. Bill Buford, Among the Thugs (New York: Vintage, 1990), 198–205.
14. Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 215–216; Hornby, Fever Pitch, 173, 178–179.
15. Garry Robson, No One Likes Us, We Don’t Care: The Myth and Reality of Millwall Fandom (Oxford: Berg, 2000), 80–82, 87.
16. Nadel, Fútbol!, 82–83.
17. Farred, Long Distance Love, 15.
18. Ibid., 8–9, 15.
19. Laura Fair, Pastimes and Politics: Culture, Community and Identity in Post-Abolition Urban Zanzibar, 1890–1945 (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2001), 235–236, 242.
20. Fair, Pastimes and Politics, 236–237; Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 30–34.
21. Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 43.
22. Ly, Foot-Ball, 302–303.
23. Ibid.; Alegi, African Soccerscapes, 43, 59–60.
24. Ly, Foot-Ball, 303.
25. Ly, Foot-Ball, 19.
26. Peter Alegi, Laduma!: Soccer, Politics and Society in South Africa (Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2004); Chuck Korr and Marvin Close, More Than Just a Game: Soccer vs. Apartheid (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2010); Anna Zacharias, “Only a Game? Not in Egypt,” The National, June 24, 2014.
27. Elsey, Citizens and Sportsmen, 207–241.
28. Ibid., 242–243.
29. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 177–197.
30. Robbie Rogers, Coming Out to Play (New York: Penguin, 2014).
31. Offside, directed by Jafar Panahi (Sony Pictures, 2006).
32. Markovits and Albertson, Sportista, 155, 235–236, 242–243; J. Danielle, “Female Sports Fans and the Men Who Judge Them,” Jezebel, February 4, 2011, http://jezebel.com/5752163/female-sports-fans-and-the-men-who-judge-them.
33. Panahi, Offside.
34. Goldblatt, Game of Our Lives, 17.
35. Wilson, Inverting the Pyramid, 280; “Watch This Soccer Announcer’s Raucous Takedown of England After Iceland Victory,” PBS NewsHour, June 28, 2016, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/manager-quits-after-english-soccer-iced-out-of-euro-2016/.
36. Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait.
37. Rory Smith, “How Video Games Are Changing the Way Soccer Is Played,” New York Times, October 13, 2016.
38. The Cup, directed by Khyentse Norbu (Festival Media, 1999); The Great Match, directed by Gerardo Olivares (Film Movement, 2006).
39. Life and Nothing More, directed by Abbas Kiarostami (Farabi Film Foundation/Facets Video, 1996).
40. Dubois, Soccer Empire, 28.
41. Émile Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (New York: Free Press, 1965).
42. Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 284.
43. Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 15; Laurent Dubois, “Paul Pogba’s Joyful, Exuberant Moment of Brilliance Was the Play of Euro 2016,” Slate, July 9, 2016.
44. Uroš Zupan, “Beauty Is Nothing but the Beginning of a Terror We Can Hardly Bear,” in The Global Game: Writers on Soccer, ed. John Turnbull, Thom Satterlee, and Alon Raab (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2008), 177.
45. Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 90–91.
46. “Haiti 1, Italy 0,” New York Times, June 14, 2010.
47. Anne Delbée, La 107e minute (Paris: Quatre Chemins, 2006); Ekelund and Knausgaard, Home and Away, 244.
48. Laurent Dubois and Achille Mbembe, “Pourqoui nous aimons le vuvuzela,” Mediapart, July 2, 2010, https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/la-balle-au-bond/article/020710/pourquoi-nous-aimons-le-vuvuzela; Laurent Dubois, “In the Theatre of the World Cup,” 210–218.
49. Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 230–231.
50. Gumbrecht, Athletic Beauty, 32; Galeano, Soccer in Sun and Shadow, 1; Zupan, “Beauty Is Nothing,” 181.