Index

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‘Abbasid Empire

‘Abd al-Massih, George

‘Abd al-Rahim, Yunis

‘Abdallah al-‘Alayli, Sheikh

Abu Risha, ‘Omar

addiction

‘Adnan (legendary progenitor of Arab peoples)

advertising: expert media and

for pharmaceuticals

publishing revenues in the West from

aesthetics, masculine and feminine

‘Aflaq, Michel

ahwal ‘ayniyya (financial affairs) (division of Ottoman civil law)

ahwal shakhsiyya (personal affairs) (division of Ottoman civil law)

‘Ajlani, Munir al-

‘Alawis

in the army

girls employed as domestics in Sunni Arab homes

in the SSNP

alcohol consumption, Islamic prohibition of

Aleppo, city of

Algeria

Anba’, al- (The News) (newspaper)

Anderson, Benedict

anti-imperialism

anti-Semitism

‘Aqil, Jalal

Arab League

“Arab malaise”

Arab Socialist Party

Arab Writer’s Union

Arabism

Malki Affair and “enemies of Arabism”

martyrology of al-Malki and

Qahtan Society and

Arab–Israeli War, First (1948–1949)

armed forces, Syrian

Army Day

citizen-building agenda and

civilian executive authority over

construction of martial citizen and

fratricidal conflict within

G-3 (Third Division of General Staff)

ideological coalition among senior officers

military intelligence

minorities in

origins in colonial police force

pledge to abstain from politics

“ruralization” of

SSNP members purged from

tribunal in Malki Affair and

Armenians

Armonil, advertisement in Tabibak for

Army of Salvation, of Arab League

‘Asa al-Janna (Heaven’s Wand) (satirical publication)

Asad, Bashar al-

Asad, Basil al-

Asad, Hafez al-

“correctionist movement” coup of

cult of

domination of Syria by

Islamist uprising against

‘Asali, Sabri al-

association, freedom of

Assyrians

Atassi, Hisham al-

Atfal taht al-Talab wa Man‘ al-Haml (Children upon Demand and the Prevention of Pregnancy) (al-Qabbani)

authoritarianism

citizen as object of mobilization and

civilian government and

martyrology of al-Malki and

of military regimes

reform of legal codes and

trajectory toward

‘Awf, Bashir al-

Awraq Sahafi (A Journalist’s Papers) (al-Sham‘a)

‘Azma, Gen. Yusuf

‘Azma, Khalid al-

Baghdad Pact

Baghdadi, Muti‘a

Baghdadi, Shawqi

Bakdash, Khalid

Barazi, Husni al-

Basic Personnel Law

Ba‘thism and Ba‘th Party

Ba‘thist Revolution (1963–1966)

domination of Syria by

Malki Affair tribunal and

al-Malki’s status as martyr and

Military Committee

in parliament

in Syrian army

United Arab Republic experiment and

“Bedouins”

Bina’, al- (The Structure) (newspaper)

birth control

Bizri, Lt. Col. ‘Afif al-

bodybuilding

bourgeoisie

Brazil al-Sham (Brazil of Damascus)

broadcast media

Bunni, Kamil al-

canon law

capitalism

Cato the Younger

censorship

child custody

“Childrearing by a Mother of Bad Morals” (Qassab Hasan)

Christians

al-Malki’s martyrology and

medicine and

in the SSNP

Circassians

circumcision

“Citizen and the Law, The” (al-Muwatin wa al-Qanun) (Qassab Hasan)

estate dispute cases

fictitious letters from listeners

listening audience of

original title of

shari‘a and

“Citizen and the Radio, The” (al-Husami editorial)

citizenship

Asad regime and

class distinctions and

“conjugal citizen”

effacement of difference and

gendered male

hygienic citizen

legal context of

militarization of (“martial citizen”)

“model citizen”

nationalist ideology and

normative

Palestinians in Syria barred from

patriarchy and

pharmaceutical industry and

press and articulation of

sectarianism as threat to

tutelage of citizens. See also “virtuous citizen”

Civil Law Code, Ottoman

Civil Law Code, Syrian. See also Personal Status Code (PSC)

civil service/servants

class distinctions

colonialism

Colonialist Occupation (1920–1946)

commemoration

of martyrs’ sacrifice

in national space, time, and artifacts

persistence of

communists

army officers

al-Malki’s status as martyr and

Qassab Hasan as communist

Syrian Communist Party

conspiracy theories

Constitution (1950)

contraception

contracts

Correctionist Movement, Era of the (1970–2000)

corruption

countryside. See urban–rural divide

Court of Cassation, Syrian

court records

criminal codes

cultural history

Dabbagh, Khalil Hamdi al-

Dabbusi, ‘Abd al-Mun‘im

Damascus, city of

long “urban” history of

Martyrs’ Square

Midan sections

National Stadium

Old City

periodicals published in

population increase in

al-Salhiyya neighborhoods

Umayyad Mosque

urban landscape of

Damascus International Exposition

Damascus Officers Club

Daraa, uprising in

Darwin, Charles

Dawalibi, Ma‘ruf al-

Defense, Ministry of

martyrology of al-Malki and

tribunal in Malki Affair and

Democratic Years (1954–1958)

armed forces in

construction of citizenship during

as focus of nostalgia

publishing during

demonstrations

Derrida, Jacques

development, postcolonial

developmental expertise

expert media and pedagogy of

mass media and

military as modernizing force and

politics of

sectarianism as backward obstacle to

state institutions and

dictatorship

difference

disease

divorce

Druze

Dunya, al- (The World) (weekly magazine)

Egypt

ESS political alignment and

pan-Arabist union with Syria

El Shakry, Omnia

elections

elites

nationalist

traditional elites of Syria

urban

encomia

entrepreneurs

ESS (Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia) alignment

ethnic cleansing

Europe

“Evacuation Day”

expert media

nexus of expertise and media

pedagogy of development and

power and authority of media experts

family law

family planning

Fansa, Nazir

faqih (pl. fuqaha’) (jurisprudents)

fatwa

al-Qabbani and

Qassab Hasan and

Feisal, King

feminism

Festivals of ‘Adnan

Fi al-Bah (On Sexuality) (Ibn Luqa)

fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

foreign policy

freedoms, individual

French Mandate

“colonial citizenship” system

divide-and-rule policies of

expertise and legacy of

urban lifestyles of Damascus under

French Revolution

Freud, Sigmund

“From the Pages of Immortality” (al-Safadi)

furughiyya

Gaffney, Patrick

Gay, Peter

Gazetta, al- (The Gazette)

gender

governmentality

Great Syrian Revolt (1925–1927)

“Hadhihi Nasihati” (This Is My Advice) (al-Qabbani column)

hadith

Haffar, Wajih al-

Hafiz, Abu al-Hajjaj

Hajj Ibrahim, Mustafa al-

Hakim, Nazih

Hale, Nathan

Hama, city of

Hanbal, Ahmad bin

Hashemite monarchy

Hashimi, Yasin al-

Hawrani, Akram al-

healthcare

heterosexual norm

Hoffman, Albert

homosexuality. See same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

Homs, city of

Homs Military Academy

Hunt, Lynn

“Hurriyat al-Muwatin” (The Citizens’s Freedom)

Husami, Ratib al-

Husayn, Taha

hygiene

discourse of “hygienic citizen”

hygienic citizen

sexual

Ibn Luqa, Qusta

identity

enactment of

mass media and

national

sacrifice and collective identity

sectarian

of Syrian army

Idha‘a al-Suriyya, al- (Syrian Broadcasting) (magazine)

front cover (1953)

as ideal print venue for Qassab Hasan

al-Qabbani’s radio program and

Idlib, city of

Ignatius, Greek Orthodox Metropolitan

“‘Ilaj hadith li mu‘alajt al-qur‘a” (Modern Therapy for Treatment of the Scalp) (al-Qabbani article)

imagined community

imperialism, French/Western

army’s origins as instrument of

sexual vices and diseases associated with. See also colonialism; French Mandate

Independence Day ceremony, first (1946)

“Inqita‘ al-Jinsi wa Athrat al-Nafsiyya, al-” (Sexual Inactivity and Its Psychological Impact) (al-Qabbani)

intellectuals/intelligentsia

civilian parliamentary government and

al-Malki assassination and

roles of women and

views on sexual deviance

Interior, Ministry of

international relations

Iraq

Fertile Crescent Unity based in

pro-British regime in

‘Isa, Sulayman al-

Islam

Arab-Islamic medicine

Golden Age of Islamic Civilization

‘Id al-Adha holiday

modernist

science and Islamic discourse. See also Muslims

Islamist uprising (1976–1982)

Islamists

Isma‘il, Sidqi

Isma‘ilis

Israel

‘Isseh, Ahmad

itjihad (independent reasoning)

‘Itri, ‘Abd al-Ghani al-

“Iyadat al-Qurra” (The Readers’ Clinic) (al-Qabbani column)

Jadid, Fu’ad

Jadid, Lt. Col. Ghassan

Jadid, Salah

Jamal Pasha

Jami‘a, al- (The Community) (weekly magazine)

Jammal, Jules

Jarrah, Lt. Col. Muhammad al-

Jawahiri, Muhammad Mahdi al-

Jews

Jordan

journalism

hagiographic

medical

journals

Jundi, al- (The Soldier) (Defense Ministry journal)

letters in “The Student’s Page”

on Malki Affair tribunal

pedagogical cartoons in

posthumous lionization of Col. al-Malki in

reactions to al-Malki’s murder recounted in

Kalb, al- (The Dog) (satirical publication)

Kallas, Khalil

Kayyali, Fakhir al-

Khuri, Sami al-

Kinsey, Alfred

Kiswani, Hanna

Kurds

labor unrest

landlord–tenant relationships

law

canon law

civil law

developmental expertise and

Islamic criminal law

Maliki school of jurisprudence

marriage and

mass media and

poor judgment and limits of

rule of law

social justice and

synthetic legal system of Syrian state

totalitarian direction of Malki tribunal

“virtuous citizen” and discourse of. See also shari‘a (Islamic law)

League of Nations

Lebanon

leftism

lesbianism. See same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

“libidinal imaginary”

literacy

literature

luti (“active,” penetrating sex partner)

ma’bun (“passive,” penetrated sex partner)

Maghut, Muhammad al-

Mahayri, ‘Isam al-

Majalla al-‘Askariyya, al- (The Military Gazette)

Majallat al-Shurta wa al-Amm al-‘Amm (Journal of the Police and Public Security)

Majallat Kulliyat al-Tarbiyya (The Journal of the College of Education)

Majallat Niqabat al-Muhandisin (The Journal of the Engineer’s Union)

majlis al-‘aqd

Makdisi, Antun

Makdisi, Ussama

Makhlouf, Anisa

Makhlouf, Badi‘

Malik Ibn Anas

Malki, Col. ‘Adnan al-

cult of sacrifice and

hagiography of

hypermasculine public image of

Islamic principles and

lineage and childhood of

politics of

public persona of

soccer fandom of

as soldier and exemplar of manliness

as unknown figure during lifetime

Malki, Col. ‘Adnan al-, assassination of

army officer ranks purged after

Kennedy assassination compared with

measures against “enemies of Arabism” and

reason for

social tensions heightened by

Malki, Col. ‘Adnan al-, martyrology of

enduring legacy of

funeral and commemorations for

letters of, as words from beyond the grave

mass production of encomia and

Malki, Muhammad Shams al-Din al-

Malki, Riyad al-

Ba‘th Party membership of

brother’s martyrology and

Malki Affair and tribunal

execution of “criminals”

investigation conducted by tribunal

repercussions of

response of the accused

Ma’mun, Sayf al-Din al-

manhood/manliness/masculinity

Marat, Jean-Paul

marriage

as cure for masturbation

as duty

legal genital intercourse within

as prescription for sexual anxieties

martyrdom/martyrology

“moral grandeur” and

prosopopoeia and

in religious traditions. See also Malki, Col. ‘Adnan al-, martyrology of

Marxism

mass media

access to

developmental expertise and

hygiene and

law and

letters to the editor

power and

“print-capitalism”

reluctance to discuss sectarianism

state and private media

masturbation

“addiction” to

as “the secret habit”

transformed perceptions of

“Mawakib al-‘Ilm wa al-Hadara” (The Triumphs of Science and Civilization)

Maysaloun, Battle of (1920)

Maysaloun Day

medicine

Arab-Islamic

citizen-building and

developmental expertise and

Galenic (“humoral”)

medical journalism

“virtuous citizen” and discourse of

Western

memoirs

memory, politics of

menstrual cycle

merchants

Mezze Military Prison

military arts and sciences

Military Coups, Era of (1949–1954)

Military Cultural Committee

military dictatorship

Military Tribunal, “Extraordinary.” See Malki Affair and tribunal

minorities

Armenians

Circassians

Druze

Isma‘ilis

Turcomans

Yazidis. See also ‘Alawis; Christians

mobilization agendas

citizen as object of authoritarian mobilization

corporatist

developmental

modernity

modernization theory

“moral and material” uplift

muftis

mujtahid (authoritative shari‘a interpreter)

Munjid, Zuhdi al-

Musa, Salama

Muslims. See also Islam

Muthanna, al- (pen name)

Nas, al- (The People) (newspaper)

Nashra al-Iqtisadiyya li Ghurfat al-Tijara, al- (The Economic Bulletin of the Damascus Chamber of Commerce)

nasihatname (Ottoman guidebooks for monarchs)

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

Nasserism

al-Malki’s status as martyr and

in Syrian army

National Stadium (site of al-Malki’s murder)

nationalism, Arab

Arab nationalists executed by Ottoman Empire

capacity of population for civic responsibility and

Greater Syrian versus pan-Arab

“independent”

al-Malki and

militarization of citizenship and

pan-Arab

sacrifice at core of ideology

as secular religion

urban–rural divide and. See also Arabism; pan-Arabism

Nationalist Government, Era of (1946–1949)

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Neo-Ba‘th, Era of the (1966–1970)

newspapers

daily

Lebanese

martyrology of al-Malki and

pro-SSNP

Nicouline, Vsevolod

Noludar, advertisement in Tabibak for

nostalgia

“On the Shortcomings of ‘Urfi Marriage” (Qassab Hasan)

Orientalism

Orwell, George

Ottoman Empire

discrimination against Shi‘i sects

extent at height of power

legal codes of

Sunni Arab elite under

Tanzimat period

urban lifestyles of Damascus under

Our Sexual Life (al-Qabbani)

on masturbation

on same-sex relations (“sexual deviance”)

Palestine/Palestinians

British mandate in Palestine

martyrology of resistance movements

Palestinian Occupied Territories

partition of Palestine

resistance to Zionist project

status of Palestinian refugees in Syria

pan-Arabism

parliament, Syrian

anti-Western trends in

elections

establishment of

Malki Affair and

restoration of

patriarchy

patronage networks

peasants

pedagogical project

Penal Code, Syrian

People’s Party

People’s Stories, The (Qassab Hasan)

Personal Status Code (PSC)

family relations and

patriarchal citizenship and

personality cult

pharmaceuticals: enactment of identity and

era of “wonder drugs”

global capitalism and

sexual anxieties and

“sexual deviance” and

political economy

political parties

“Politics of Martyrdom, The” (Rosoux)

polygamy

“positive neutrality”

postcolonial state/condition

pregnancy

press, freedom of

press legislation

print media

professional classes

progress

Progressive National Front

prosopopoeia

psychology

puberty

public transportation

Qabbani, Nizar al-

Qabbani, Sabah al-

Qabbani, Sabri al-

as developmental expert

faith in scientific progress

Islamic tradition alluded to in advice of

“libidinal economy” and

long-distance diagnoses by

medical colleagues of

pan-Arabist ideology and

pharmaceuticals and

as physician

readers’ questions answered by

Qabbani, Sabri al-, sexual matters discussed by

issue of female sexuality

male sexual anxieties

masturbation (“the secret habit”)

reproduction and family planning

same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

Qahtan (legendary progenitor of Arab peoples)

Qal‘aji, Qadri al-

Qanun al-Ahwal al-Shakhsiyya ma‘a Sharh Qanuni wa Insani Kamil (Qassab Hasan)

Qasimi, Zafir al-

Qassab Hasan, Burhan

Qassab Hasan, Hanan

Qassab Hasan, Najat

on bad morals and limits of law

on criminal law issues

as developmental expert

encomium for Colonel al-Malki

on estate disputes

eulogy for Colonel al-Malki

family and biography of

fictitious letters from radio listeners and

on honor

Islamic tradition alluded to in advice of

law viewed by

leftist ideology of

legal profession of

on marriage and family law

media productions of

Palestinian cause and

Personal Status Code (PSC) and

al-Qabbani compared to

as “radio attorney”

on residential real estate laws

shari‘a courts and

on social relationships in urban environment

as supporter of patriarchy

as women’s rights advocate

Qassab Hasan, Najwa

Qassab Hasan, Sa‘d al-Din

Qindil, al- (The Lantern)

Qisas al-Nas (Qassab Hasan)

Qur’an

Qutb, Sayyid

Quwwatli, Shukri al-

radio

rationality

Ra’y al-‘Amm, al- (Public Opinion) (newspaper)

reproduction

as a duty

family planning and

female sexuality separated from

virtuous citizenship and. See also sexuality

Riyad, Mahmud

Riyada wa al-Jamal, al- (Sports and Beauty) (magazine)

Robinson, Victor

Rosoux, Valérie

sacrifice

citizenship and

martyrdom and

nationalist cult of

“ultimate sacrifice” of citizen-soldier

Safadi, Maj. Salim al-

Safadi, Muta‘

“Sahib al-Raya” (The Standard Bearer) (Qassab Hasan)

Salih, Hamdi al-

same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

“contingent” or “situational”

“homosexuality” as Western concept

misunderstanding of Kinsey and

in modern Arab society

as “sodomy” (liwat)

“treatments” for

samizdat

Sarraj, ‘Abd al-Hamid al-

Saudi Arabia

Sawt Suriya (The Voice of Syria) (journal)

science

citizen-building and

as instrument of developmental progress

mass media and

sexuality and

“virtuous citizen”

and discourse of

Seale, Patrick

Secessionist Regime (1961–1963)

sectarianism

secularism/secularization

Islamic principles synthesized with

martyrologies and

“national and social welfare” concept

nationalism as secular religion

science and

sexuality and

state legal system and

virtuous citizenship and

sexual desire

patriarchal citizenship and

violation of norms and

women as objects of

sexual deviance. See same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

sexuality

abstinence

anxieties about sex

genital intercourse within marriage

“perverted forms” of. See also reproduction; same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

sexuality, female

masturbation

same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

sexual anxieties

‘urfi (customary law) and

sexuality, male

same-sex desire/relations (“sexual deviance”)

sexual anxieties

Shafi‘i, Abu ‘Abdullah al-

Shahid al-‘Uruba (Hafiz)

Sham‘a, Hani al-

shari‘a (Islamic law)

backwardness of countryside and

Civil Code and

faqih (pl. fuqaha’) (jurisprudents)

interpreters of

patriarchy and

Qassab Hasan’s view of

shari‘a courts absorbed by the state

Shawi, Iskandar

Shihabi, Yahya al-

Shishakli, Col. Adib al-

armed forces’ overthrow of

in exile

‘Isseh and

al-Malki’s miiltary career and

Ministry of Propaganda and National Guidance under

modernizing reforms of

Personal Status Code and

resignation and flight of

“Shudhudh al-Jinsi Mushkila Ijtima‘iyya, al-” (Sexual Deviance Is a Social Problem) (al-Qabbani)

Shuqayr, Shawkat

criticism of al-Malki

martyrology of al-Malki and

on political affiliations of minorities

Shu‘ubiyun

Silverstein, Paul

Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning (Winter)

Soviet Union

speech, freedom of

sports

SSNP (Syrian Social Nationalist Party)

accusations of treason against

dehumanization of SSNP members

media campaign against

Orthodox Christians and

trials of members of

tribunal in Malki Affair and suppression of

violent acts against tribunal officials

Stalin, Joseph

state, the

archives of

citizens’ reliance upon

“legitimate” use of coercion and

nationalism as secular religion and

“perverted forms” of sexuality and

popular perceptions of

radio as tool of

secular worship of

strengthened power of

strikes

“struggle for Syria”

Sudan

Suez Crisis/War

Sufism

Sunni Arabs: Malki Affair and

political/social hegemony of

“urban notables”

Syria: in colonial period

as cradle of pan-Arab nationalism

development of authoritarian rule in

ESS political alignment and

hopes and anxieties about future of

national holidays

pan-Arabist union with Egypt

periodization of modern history in

rural provinces of

subordination of military to civilian authority

urbanization in

Syria, Kingdom of

Syrian Broadcasting Service

acceptable limits of public speech and

magazine of

Syrian Legion

Syrian University

Faculty of Arts

Faculty of Law

Faculty of Medicine

Faculty of Sciences

“Tabib al-Jami‘a” (The Community’s Doctor) (al-Qabbani column)

Tabibak (Your Doctor) (journal)

coupon for readers’ questions

cover (Nov. 1956) depicting medical education

first issue

“Jamaluki Sayyidati” (Your Beauty, My Lady) column

“Li al-Atibb’ Faqat” (For Doctors Only) column

on masturbation

pharmaceutical advertising in

price of

on same-sex relations (“sexual deviance”)

on sexuality and family planning

translations of Western articles in

“Your Doctor Is at Your Service” column

“Tabibak khalf al-Midhya” (Your Doctor behind the Microphone) (al-Qabbani radio program)

Tabibak Ma‘ak (Your Doctor Is with You) (al-Qabbani)

Tamer, Zakayriya

Tanukhi, ‘Izz al-Din ‘Ilm al-Din al-

Tanzimat period (1839–1876)

Tarabulsi, Amjad al-

“Tarikh al-Tibb” (The History of Medicine)

Teachers’ College

technology

television

“Thaqafat al-Muwatin” (The Education of the Citizen)

Tibb al-Hadith, al- (Modern Medicine) (journal)

Tigers on the Tenth Day (Tamer)

Tighilbi, Nash’at al-

torture

totalitarianism

tourism

Troupes Spéciales du Levant

Turcomans

Turkey

ulama’ (religious scholars)

coopted by the state

Maliki school of jurisprudence and

sexuality and

‘Ulush, Badr al-Din

Umayyad Mosque

underdevelopment

United Arab Republic (UAR) (1958–1961)

Ba‘th Party and

democratic experiment terminated by

United States

American influence in Middle East

coup attempt blamed on

intelligence agencies of

Malki Affair and U.S. Embassy officials

SSNP’s favorable view of

urban–rural divide

army recruiting and

backwardness associated with countryside

pre-Islamic practices in countryside

science and

‘urfi (customary law)

virginity

“virtuous citizen”

duties of

elements of virtuous citizenship

family as microcosm of society and

law and

al-Malki’s “revolutionary” rhetoric and

multilevel citizenry and

Personal Status Code (PSC) and

women and

Volk, Lucia

Wamadat (Reflections) (Qassab Hasan TV program)

Wedeen, Lisa

West, the

West–East dichotomy

Winter, Jay

“With the Hero Martyr” column (al-Yamani)

women

modernity and

as objects of sexual desire

patriarchal citizenship and

reproductive agency of

rights of

virtuous citizenship and. See also sexuality, female

workers/laborers

al-Malki martyrdom and

recent immigrants from countryside

unskilled

World War I

Yamani, Sgt. Muhammad al-

Yazidis

Young Turks

Za‘im, Gen. Husni al-

Malki Affair tribunal held at villa of

al-Malki’s military career and

al-Qabbani and

Zaydan, Jurji

Zionism