General
Texts
Barlow, H. B. and Mollon, J. (1982). The senses. Oxford University Press. [Technical, authoritative account, aimed at medical students]
Bruce, V., Green, P. R., and Georgeson, M. (1996). Visual perception: physiology, psychology, and ecology, 3rd edn. LEA, London.
Frisby, J. P. (1979). Seeing: illusion, brain, and mind. Oxford University Press. [Excellent on receptive fields and physiology]
Gross, R. D. (1992). Psychology: the science of mind and behaviour (2nd edn). Hodder and Stoughton, London. [Massive, well written general text]
Howard, I. and Templeton, W. (1966). Human spatial orientation. Wiley, New York. [A classic, on these generally under-presented topics]
Hubel, D. H. (1988). Eye, brain, and vision (Scientific American Library). W. H. Freeman, New York. [Clearly written with excellent illustrations, by the Nobel Laureate who, with Torstin Wiesel, discovered cortical ‘feature detectors’]
Kaufman, L. (1974). Sight and mind. Oxford University Press.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. [Pioneer book on the subject of its title]
Pirenne, P. H. (1948). Vision and the eye. Chapman and Hall–Anglobooks, London. [Extremely clear technical account of photons and vision]
Rock, I. (1975). An introduction to perception. Collier MacMillan, New York.
Rock, I. (1983). The logic of perception. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.
Rock, I. (1984). Perception (Scientific American Library). W. H. Freeman, New York. [The late Irvin Rock treats vision as ‘problem solving’: the essentially Helmholtzian philosophy of the present author. He was a most ingenious experimenter]
Sekuler, R. and Blake, R. (1994). Perception (3rd edn). McGraw Hill, New York. [Technical physics-based treatment]
Woodworth, R. S. and Schlosberg, H. (1954). Experimental psychology. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. [A classic standard, though now dated, general text]
Historical
Al-Haytham, Ibn (Alhazen) (c. 1040). Optics (trans. A. I. Sabra, 1989. The Optics of Ibn Al-Haytham). The Warburgh Institute, University of London. [The first account of linear propagation of light and first systematic discussion of illusions as phenomena]
Boring, E. G. (1942). Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. [A classic history]
Boring, E. G. (1950). A history of experimental psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. New York. [Also a classic.]
Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into human faculty. Macmillan, London. [Galton pioneered statistical measures of human anatomy and performance, and discussed mental imagery]
Gregory, R. L. (1981). Mind in science. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. [Compares the history of psychology and physics back to the Greeks. Technology seen as important for suggesting and testing ideas]
Helmholtz, H. von. (1856–67). Handbuch der physiologischen Optic. L. Voss, Hamburg. 3rd edn (1909–1911) Helmholtz’s treatise on physiological optics (trans. ed J. P. C. Southall). Optical Society of America, New York. Translation reprinted (1962). Dover, New York. [The founding—and still highly valuable—study of vision]
James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. Holt, New York. [Classical account of psychology. Remains important]
Lucretius (c. 80 BC). De rerum natura, (trans C. H. Sisson (1976). Carcanet Press, Manchester. [Celebrated poem outlining Greek and Roman science, especially atomism]
Mach, E. (1897). Beiträge zür Analyse der Empfindung. (Analysis of sensation. Dover, New York. [Austrian physicist who made insightful comments on several visual phenomena]
Necker, L. A. (1832). Observations on some remarkable phenomena seen in Switzerland, and an optical phenomenon which occurs on viewing a crystal or geometrical solid. Phil. Mag., (3 ser.), 329–37. [First account of ‘flipping’ ambiguities; though these were probably known far earlier, as in Roman tile designs]
Rubin, E. (1915). Synsopplevede Figure. (trans. S. M. Sherman, 1985). In Progress in psychobiology and physiological psychology, Vol. II (ed. J. M. Sprague and A. N. Epstein), pp. 233–322, Academic Press, New York. [First account of face-vase ambiguity]
Schumann, F. (1900). Contributions to the analysis of visual perception—First paper: Some observations on the combination of visual impressions into units. In The perception of illusory contours (1987), (ed. S. Petry and G. E. Meyer), pp. 21–34. Springer, New York. [First example of illusory contours, though may have been known to artists much earlier]
Warren, R. M. and Warren, R. P. (1968). Helmholtz on perception. John Wiley, New York. [Useful short account of Hemholtz’s immense contribution]
Watson, J. B. (1930). Behaviourism. Norton, New York. [Classical account of attempt to deny consciousness, perhaps to make psychology more ‘scientific’]
Berkeley, G. (1704). A new theory of vision (Everyman’s Library). Dent, London. [These essays—including ‘The three dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, and ‘A treatise concerning human knowledge’—written while young, with verve and style, raise questions that are still discussed]
Boden, M. A. (1972). Purposive explanation in psychology. Harvard University Press.
Boden, M. A. (1988). Computer models of mind. Cambridge University Press. [Philosophy written by a knowledgeable psychologist: raises central issues of mind and computers]
Churchland, P. (1988). Matter and consciousness. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. [Exceptionally clear exposition of difficult ideas]
Churchland, P. S. (1989). Neurophilosophy: towards a unified science of the mind–brain. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. [A technical ‘reductionist’ account of brain-based mind]
Dennett, D. (1991). Consciousness explained. Little, Brown, New York.
Descartes, R. (1637). Discourse on method (Trans. P. J. Olscamp (1961)). Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis. [Classic statement by the founder of ‘dualism’—with early scientific insights on optics and eyes]
Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago University Press. [Probably the most important modern account of philosophy of science. Emphasizes importance of basic assumptions—‘paradigms’—and what happens to perceptions of science when they change]
Ryle, G. (1949). The concept of mind. Hutchinson, London. [Classic Oxford philosophy, critical analysis of notions of mind. Tends towards behaviourism]
Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical investigations (2nd edn). Blackwell, Oxford. [Major statement of genius. Specifically insightful on visual ambiguity]
1. Visions of vision
Barlow, H., Blakemore, C., and Weston-Smith, M. (eds) (1990). Images and understanding. Cambridge University Press.
Blakemore, C. (1988). The mind machine. BBC Publications, London.
Blakemore, C. and Greenfield, S. (1987). Mindwaves. Blackwell, Oxford.
Bruner, J. S. (1974). Beyond the information given. Allen and Unwin, New York. [Emphasizes use of knowledge for perception]
Craik, K. J. W. (1943). The nature of explanation. (Cambridge University Press. [Pioneer account of perception as representing]
Ellis, W. H. (1938). Source book of Gestalt psychology. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. MIT/Bradford Books, Cambridge, Mass. [Re-assesses phrenological concepts]
Gibson, J. J. (1950). The perception of the visual world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. [Classical statements of Gibson’s ‘direct’ account of vision]
Gordon, I. E. (1997). Theories of visual perception. (2nd edn). Wiley, New York.
Gregory, R. L. (1969). On how so little information controls so much behaviour. In Towards a theoretical biology: 2. Sketches (ed. C. H. Waddington) pp. 236–46. Biological Sciences and Edinburgh University Press.
Gregory, R. L. (1970). The intelligent eye. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London. [Sets out the philosophy of this present book, including experiments added in this new edition.]
Gregory, R. L. (1974). Choosing a paradigm for perception. In Handbook of perception. Vol. 1, (ed. E. C. Cartarette and M. P. Freeman), Chapter 3. Academic Press, New York. [Challenges alternative paradigms with test questions.]
Gregory, R. L. (1980). Perceptions as hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 290, 181–97. [This is the central theme of the present book]
Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behaviour. Chapman and Hall/Wiley, London. [Pioneering account of the brain as an inter-active net.]
Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Kanizsa, G. (1979). Essays on Gestalt perception. Praeger, New York.
Koffka, K. (1935). Principles of Gestalt psychology. Harcourt Brace, New York.
Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. [Essential account of information theory]
Watt, R. J. (1988). Visual processessing: computational psychological, and cognitive research. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hove. [Technical account in terms of physics and physiology.]
Winston, P. H. (1984). Artificial intelligence. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
2. Light
Bragg, W. (1962). Universe of light. Bell Clarke, London.
Feynman, R. (1985). QED: The strange theory of light and matter. Princeton University Press.
Hecht, S., Shlaer, S., and Pirenne, M. H. (1942). Energy, quanta, and vision. Journal of General Physiology, 25, 819–40.
Jenkins, F. A. and White, H. E. (1957). Fundamentals of optics (3rd edn). McGraw Hill, New York.
Newton, I. (1730). Opticks (3rd edn). Dover Publications reprint 1952.
Ronchi, V. (1957). Optics: the science of vision (trans. E. Rosen). New York University Press. Dover Publications reprint 1991.
Ronchi, V. (1970). The nature of light. Heinemann. London. (Trans. of Storia della Luce 1939.)
3. Eye
Campbell, F. W. and Whiteside, T. C. D. (1950). Induced pupillary oscillations. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 34, 180.
Dowling, J. E. (1987). The retina–an approachable part of the brain. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Gregory, R. L. (1986). See Naples and live: the scanning eye of Copilia. In Odd perceptions. Routledge, London.
Gregory, R. L. and Ramachandran, V. S. (1991). Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision. Nature, 350, 699–702. [Gives experimental evidence that filling-in is an active process—rather than the brain ignoring regions giving no information.]
Gregory, R. L. and Zangwill, O. L. (1963). The origin of the autokinetic effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 4.
Grimes, J. (1996). Failure to detect changes in scenes across saccades. In Perception (ed. K. Akins) (Vancouver Studies in Cognitive Science, Vol. 5), pp. 89–110. Oxford University Press.
Hammond, J. H. (1981). The camera obscura. Adam Hilger, Bristol.
Harmon, L. D. (1974). The recognition of faces. In Image, object and illusion. Readings from Scientific American pp. 101–12. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Howard, I. P. and Rogers, B. J. (1995). Binocular vision and stereopsis. Oxford University Press.
Julesz, B. (1971). Foundations of cyclopean perception. Chicago University Press.
Land, M. F. (1984). Molluscs. In Photoreception and vision (ed. M. A. Ali) pp. 699–725. Plenum, New York.
Ogle, K. N. (1950). Researches in binocular vision. Saunders, London.
Pirenne, M. H. (1948) Vision and the eye. Chapman and Hall, London.
Riggs, L. A., Ratliff, E., and Cornsweet, T. N. (1953). The disappearance of steadily fixated visual test objects. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 43, 459.
Wade, N. J. (1983). Brewster and Wheatstone on vision. Academic Press, London.
Walls, G. L. (1963). The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Hafner, New York.
Wheatstone, C. (1838). Contributions to the physiology of vision, Part 1: On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved phenomena of binocular vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 128, 371–94.
Yarbus, A. (1967). Eye movements and vision. Plenum, New York.
4. Brain
Anstis, S. M. and Gregory, R. L. (1964). The after-effect of seen motion: The role of retinal stimulation and eye movements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17,173–4.
Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94, 115–47. [This is somewhat different from David Marr’s account, being based on human perception rather than AI]
Biederman, I. and Cooper, E. E. (1991). Priming contour-deleted images: evidence for intermediate representations in visual object recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 393–419.
Blakemore, C. (ed.) (1990). Vision: coding and efficiency. Cambridge University Press.
Ewert, P. H. (1930). A study of the effect of inverted retinal stimulation upon spatially coordinated behaviour. Genetic Psychology Monograph, 8.
Gilbert, C. G. and Wiesel, T. (1992). Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex. Nature, 356, 150–2. [The physiological basis of filling-in scotomas]
Gross, C. G., Rochar-Miranda, G. E., and Bender, D. B. (1972). Visual properties of neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 36, 96–111.
Hubel, D. H. and Wiesel, T. (1959). Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat’s striate cortex. Journal of Physiology, 148, 574–91.
Hubel, D. H. and Wiesel, T. N. (1962). Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture of the cat’s visual cortex. Journal of Physiology, 166, 106–54.
Lettvin, J. Y., Maturana, H. R., McCulloch, W. S., and Pitts, W. H. (1959). What the frog’s eye tells the frog’s brain. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers of New York, 47, 1940–51.
Livingstone, M. S. and Hubel, D. H. (1984). Anatomy and physiology of a colour system in the primate visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 4, 309–56.
Livingstone, M. S. and Hubel, D. H. (1987). Psychophysical evidence for separate channels for the perception of form, colour, movement and depth. Journal of Neuroscience, 7, 3416–68.
Lu, C. and Fender, D. W. (1972). The interaction of colour and luminance in stereoscopic vision. Investigative Ophthalmology, 11, 6, 482–9.
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., and Caan, W. (1982). Visual neurons responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 47, 329–42.
Perrett, D. I., Harries, A. J., Benson, P. J., Chitt, M., and Mistlin, A. J. (1990). Three stages in the classification of body movements by visual neurones. In Images and understanding (ed. H. B. Barlow, C. Blakemore, and M. Western-Smith), pp. 94–108. Cambridge University Press.
Perrett, D. I., Benson, P. J., Hietanen, J. K., Oram, M. W., and Dittrich, W. H. (1995). When is a face not a face? In The artful eye (ed. R. L. Gregory, J. Harris, P. Heard, and D. Rose), pp. 95–124. Oxford University Press.
Rose, S. (1973). The conscious brain. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
Shepard, R. N. and Cooper, L. A. (1983). Mental images and their transformations. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Shepard, R. N. and Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 701–3.
Stratton, G. M. (1897). Vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review, 4, 341–60 and 463–81.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 18, 643–62. [The Stroop effect is that colour names printed in non-appropriate colours are hard to read]
Thompson, P. (1980) Margaret Thatcher: A New Illusion. Perception, 9, p. 483.
Treisman, A. M. and Schmidt, H. (1982). Illusory conjunction in the perception of objects. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 107–141.
Wertheimer, M. (1938). Laws of organisation of perceptual forms. In Source book of Gestalt psychology (ed. W. H. Ellis), pp. 71–88. Routledge Kegan Paul, New York.
Winograd, Terry (1972). Understanding natural language. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Young, J. Z. (1978). Programs of the brain. Oxford University Press.
Zeki, S. M. (1993). A vision of the brain. Blackwell, Oxford.
5. Seeing brightness
Arden, G. B. and Wheale, R. A. (1954). Variations in the latent period of vision. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 142, 258–67.
Barlow, H. B. (1956). Retinal noise and absolute thresholds. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 46, 634–9.
Hecht, S., Schlaer, S. and Pirenne, M. H. (1942). Energy quanta and vision. Journal of General Physiology, 25, 819–40.
Rushton, W. A. H. and Campbell, F. W. (1954). Measurement of rhodopsin in the human eye. Nature, 174, 1096–7.
6. Seeing movement
Anstis, S. M. and Gregory, R. L. (1965). The after-effect of seen motion: the role of retinal stimulation and eye movements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17, 173–4.
Anstis, S. M. and Ramachandran, V. S. (1995). At the edge of movement. In The artful eye (eds. R. L. Gregory, J. Harris, P. F. Heard, and D. Rose), pp. 232–48. Oxford University Press.
Braddick, O. (1980). Low-level and high-level processes of apparent motion. In The psychology of vision (ed.) H. C. Longuet-Higgins and N. S. Sutherland), pp. 137–51. The Royal Society of London.
Braddick, O. J. (1995). The many faces of motion perception. In The artful eye (ed. R. L. Gregory, J. Harris, P. Heard, and D. Rose), p. 205–31. Oxford University Press.
Ceram (1965). Archaeology of the cinema. Thames & Hudson, London.
Duncker, K. (1938). Induced motion. In Source book of Gestalt psychology (ed. W. H. Ellis) 161–172. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
Gregory, R. L. and Zangwill, O. L. (1963). The origin of the auto-kinetic effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15, 252–61.
Johansson; G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model of its analysis. Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 201–11.
Johansson, G. (1975). Visual motion perception. Scientific American, 232, 66–89.
Miles, T. R. and Miles, E. (1963). Perception and causality. Methuen, London. [On Michotte’s experiments]
Ramachandran, V. S. and Anstis, S. M. (1986). The perception of apparent motion. Scientific American, 254, 80–7.
Shopland, C. D. and Gregory, R. L. 1964). ‘The effect of touch on a visually ambiguous three-dimensional figure’. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 16, 66–70.
Wohlemuth, A. (1911). On the after-effect of movement. British Journal of Psychology Monograph, I.
7. Seeing colours
Binney, R. C. (ed.) (1961). Colour vision. Van Nostrand, Netherlands. [This contains Thomas Young’s classical paper ‘On the theory of light and colours’ as well as those of Helmholtz]
Gregory, R. L. (1977). Vision with isoluminant colour contrast, 1. A projection technique and observations. Perception, 6,113–9.
Land, E. H. (1977). The retinex theory of colour vision. Scientific American, 237, 108–28.
Livingstone, M. S. and Hubel, D. H. (1988). Segregation of form, colour, movement and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science, 240, 740–9.
MacAdam, D. L. (1970). (ed.) Sources of colour science. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.
Walsh, V. and Kulikowski, J. (1995). Seeing colour. In The artful eye (ed. R. L. Gregory, J. Harris, P. Heard, and D. Rose), pp. 268–78. Oxford University Press.
Zeki, S. M. (1990). Colour vision and functional specialization in the visual cortex. Discussions in neuroscience, Vol. 6. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Adaptations
Atkinson, J. (1995). Through the eyes of an infant. In The artful eye (ed. R. L. Gregory, J. Harris, P. Heard, and D. Rose), pp. 141–56. Oxford University Press.
Blakemore, C. and Cooper, G. C. (1970). Development of the brain depends on the visual environment. Nature, 228, 477–8.
Cartwright, B. A. and Collett, T. S. (1983). Landmark learning in bees: experiments and models. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 151, 521–43.
Ewert, P. H. (1930). A study of the effects of inverted retinal stimulation upon spatially co-ordinated behaviour. Genetics and Psychology Monographs, 7, 177–363.
Foley, J. P., Jr (1940). An experimental investigation of the effect of prolonged inversion of the visual field in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Genetics and Psychology, 56, 21–55.
Gould, J. L. (1985). How bees remember flower shapes. Science, 227,192–4.
Held, R. and Hein, A. (1963). Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually guided behaviour. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 872–6.
Peterson, J. and Peterson, J. K. (1938). Does practice with inverting lenses make vision normal? Psychological Monographs, 50, 12.
Rock, I. (1973). Orientation and form. Academic Press, New York.
Slater, A. M., Mattock, A., Brown, E., Burnham, D., and Young, A. W. (1991). Visual processing of stimulus compounds in new-born babies. Perception, 20, 29–33.
Smith, K. U. and Smith, W. M. (1962). Perception and motion: an analysis of space-structured behaviour. Saunders, London.
Stratton, G. M. (1896). Some preliminary experiments on vision. Psychological Reviews, 3, 611.
Stratton, G. M. (1897). Vision without inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Reviews, 4, 341.
Blindness—and recovery
Gregory, R. L. and Wallace, J. G. (1963). Recovery from early blindness: a case study. (Heffers Cambridge). Reprinted in Concepts and mechanisms of perception (1974) (ed. R. L. Gregory), pp. 65–129. Duckworth, London.
Hull, J. M. (1991). Touching the rock: an experience of blindness. Pantheon, New York. [Personal account of going blind]
Riesen, A. H. (1947). The development of visual perception in man and chimpanzee. Science, 106, 107–8.
Senden, von M. (1960). Space and sight, (trans. P. Heath). Methuen/Free Press, London. [Historical accounts of the early cases of removal of the lens for blindness due to cataracts]
Valvo, A. (1971). Sight restoration and rehabilitation. American Foundation for the Blind, New York.
Infants and young animals
Bower, T. G. R. (1972). Object perception in infants. Perception, 1, 15–30.
Bremner, J. G. (1994). Infancy, (2nd edn). Blackwell, Oxford. [Sound general account]
Bruner, J. S. and Kowslowaski, B. (1972). Visually pre-adapted constituents of manipulatory action. Perception, 1, 3–14.
Bryant, P. (1974). Perception and understanding in young children. Methuen, London.
Fantz, R. L. (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American, 204, 66–72.
Gibson, E. J. and Walk, R. D. (1960). The visual cliff. Scientific American, 202, 64–71.
Hess, E. H. (1956). Space perception in the chick. Scientific American, 195, 71.
Piaget, J. (1956). The construction of reality in the child. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
Piaget, J. (1956). The child’s conception of space. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
Piaget, J. (1967). The child’s conception of the world. Littlefield Adams, Totowa, NJ.
Slater, M. and Bremner, G. (eds) (1989). Infant development. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (USA).
Stem, N. D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. Basic Books, New York.
Forgetting
Luria, A. R. (1970). Traumatic aphasia. Mouton, The Hague.
Sacks, O. (1985). The man who mistook his wife for a hat. Duckworth, London.
Shallice, T. (1991). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge, University Press.
Verny, T. (1981). The secret life of the unborn child. Summit Books, New York.
9. Realities of art
Seeing space
Ames, A., Jr (1951). Visual perception and the rotating trapezoid window. Psychological Monographs 7, 1–32.
Cantril, H. (ed.), (1960). The morning notes of Adelbert Ames, Jr. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick.
Ittelson, W. H. (1952). The Ames demonstrations in perception. Princeton University Press.
Gombrich, E. H. (1959). Art and illusion. Phaidon, London.
Helmholtz, H., von. (1881). On the relation of optics to painting. In Popular lectures on scientific subjects (2nd series) (trans. E. Atkinson). Longmans Green, New York.
Kemp, M. (1990). The science of art: optical themes in Western art from Brunelleschi to Seurat. Yale University Press.
White, J. (1967). The birth and rebirth of pictorial space. Faber and Faber, London.
10. Illusions
Physiology
Carpenter, R. H. S. and Blakemore, C. (1973). Interactions between orientations in human vision. Experimental Brain Research, 18, 287–303.
Iversen, S. D. and Iversen, L. L. (1975). Behavioural pharmacology. Oxford University Press.
Oswald, I. (1962). Sleeping and waking, physiology and psychology. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Penfield, W. and Roberts, L. (1959). Speech and brain mechanisms. Oxford University Press.
Cultural effects
Deregowski, J. B. (1973). Illusion and culture. In Illusion in nature and art (ed.) R. L. Gregory and E. Gombrich, Duckworth, London.
Segall, M. H., Campbell, T. D. and Herskovitz, M. J. (1966). The influence of culture on visual perception. Bobbs Merrill, New York.
Illusions
Bartlett, J. C. and Searcy, J. (1993). Inversion and configuration of faces Cognitive Psychology, 25, 281–316.
Blakemore, C., Carpenter, R. H. S., and Georgeson, M. A. (1970). Lateral inhibition between orientation detectors in the human visual system. Nature, 228, 37–9.
Ernst, B. (1986). Adventures with impossible figures. Tarquin. Diss (Norfolk, England).
Frisby, J. P. and Davies, I. R. L. (1970). Is the haptic Muller–Lyer a visual phenomenon? Nature, 231, 5303.
Gregory, R. L. (1963). Distortion of space as inappropriate constancy scaling. Nature, 199, 678–80. [The first statement of the ‘inappropriate constancy’ theory of cognitive distortion illusions]
Gregory, R. L. (1968). Perceptual illusions and brain models. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 171, 179–296.
Gregory, R. L. (1972). Cognitive contours. Nature, 238, 51–2. [Suggests that illusory surfaces are visual ‘postulates’ for explaining gaps]
Gregory, R. L. (1995). Brain-created visual motion: An illusion? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 260, 167–8. [explains Op-Art ‘jazzing’ as due to fluctuations of accommodation]
Gregory, R. L. and Gombrich, E. H. (eds) (1973). Illusion in nature and art. Duckworth, London.
Gregory, R. L. and Harris, J. P. (1974). Illusory contours and stereo depth. Perception & Psychophysics vol. 15, 3, 411–16.
Gregory, R. L. and Harris, J. P. (1975). Illusion-destruction by appropriate scaling. Perception, 4, 203–20.
Gregory, R. L. and Heard, P. (1972). Border locking and the café wall illusion. Perception, 8, 365–80.
Hill, H. and Bruce, V. (1994). A comparison between the hollow-face and hollow-potato illusions. Perception, 22, 887–97.
Kaufman, L. and Rock, I. (1962). The moon illusion. Science, 136, 953–61. [Interesting measurements. Theory different from this book’s, as accepts Ptolomy’s account that apparent size is given simply by apparent distance]
Luckiesh, M. (1922). Visual illusions. (Dover Publications reprint, 1965).
Mackay, D. M. (1961). Interactive processes in visual perception. In Sensory communication (ed. W. A. Rosenblith). MIT Press and Wiley Cambridge, Mass. [Explains Op-Art ‘jazzing’ as information overload]
Nakayama, K., Shimojo, S., and Silverman, G. H. (1989). Stereoscopic depth: its relation to image segmentation, grouping and the recognition of occluded objects. Perception, 18, 55–68.
Penrose, L. S. and Penrose, R. (1958). Impossible objects: a special type of illusion. British Journal of Psychology, 49, 31. [First publication of impossible figures]
Petry, S. and Meyer, Gl. (1987). The perception of illusory contours. Springer-Verlag, New York. [Useful history and research papers]
Robinson, J. O. (1972). The psychology of visual illusions. Hutchinson, London. [Comprehensive history. Needs updating]
Tolansky, S. (1967). Optical illusions. Pergamon, New York.
Zeki, S. (1993). Going beyond the information given: The relation of illusory visual motion to brain activity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 252, 215–2. [Explains Op-Art ‘jazzing’ as brain-generated]
Constancy scaling
Holway, A. H. and Boring, E. G. (1941). Determinates of apparent visual size with distance varients. American Journal of Psychology, 54, 21–37. [Authoritative study]
Thouless, R. H. (1931). Phenomenal regression to the real object. British Journal of Psychology, 21, 339.
Thouless, R. H. (1932). Individual differences in phenomenal regression. British Journal of Psychology 22, 216. [Classic experiments]
11. Speculations
Crick, F. (1994). The astonishing hypothesis: The scientific search for the soul. Macmillan, London. [The joint discoverer of the structural significance of DNA for genetics, has spent over 10 years considering the brain. Here are his conclusions, written with characteristic verve.]
Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. John Murray, London. (University of Chicago Press reprints 1965). [This classic is a joy to read and its trenchant ideas have been confirmed many times over]
De la Mettrie, J. (1748). L’homme machine (trans. Man a machine, 1953). Open Court, La Salle, Illinois. [Classic statement that mind is brain-generated. The author lost his medical practice and had to leave Paris for advancing the ‘astonishing hypothesis’ which all brain scientists now believe.]
Dennett, D. (1991). Consciousness explained. Little, Brown, New York. [Insightful, fascinating. Attacks dualism and the ‘Cartesian Theatre’. But much remains to be explained!]
Gardner, H. (1987). The mind’s new science: a history of the cognitive resolution. Basic Books, New York.
Gregory, R. L. (1997). Mirrors in mind. Spektrum, Oxford; Freeman, San Francisco. [Account of perceptual puzzles, optics, history, and mythology of mirrors]
Jeannerod, M. (1997). The cognitive neuroscience of action. Blackwell, Oxford.
Milner, P. and Goodale, M. A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford University Press.
Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., and Macko, K. O. (1983). Object vision and spatial vision: two cortical pathways. Trends in Neuroscience, 6, 414–17.
Parker, S. T., Mitchell, R. W., and Boccia, M. L. (1994). Self-awareness in animals and humans. Cambridge University Press.
Penrose, R. (1989). The emperor’s new mind: concerning computers, minds, and the laws of physics. Oxford University Press. [Outstanding physicist’s view of properties of mind given by quantum principles]
Pinker, S. (ed.) (1984). Visual cognition. Bradford, Cambridge, Mass.
Polyshyn, Z. W. (1973). What the mind’s eye tells the mind’s brain. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 1–24.
Weiskrantz, L. (1986). Blindsight: A case study and its implications. Oxford University Press. [New evidence for (limited) unconscious human vision and its implications for considering the normal role of consciousness]